Through the Telescope

by James Baikie

INDEX

[A] | [B] | [C] | [D] | [E] | [F] | [G] | [H] | [I] | [J] | [K] | [L] | [M] | [N] | [O] | [P] | [R] | [S] | [T] | [U] | [V] | [W] | [Y] | [Z]

A

• Achromatic. See [Telescope]
• Adams, search for Neptune, [198-201]
• Aerolites, [227]
• Airy, search for Neptune, [197-201]
• Albireo, colour of, [236]
• Alcor, [241]
• Alcyone, [256]
• Aldebaran, [234];
  • colour of, [235]
• Algol, spectroscopic binary, [246];
  • diameter and mass of components, [246];
  • period of, [250];
  • variables, [250]
• Alps, lunar, [116];
  • valley of, [116], [117]
• Altai Mountains, [117]
• Altair, [234]
• Altazimuth, [25-28]
• Anderson discovers Nova Aurigæ, [253];
  • discovers Nova Persei, [254]
• Andromeda, great nebula of, [263], [264]
• Andromedæ γ, colour of, [236]
• Andromedes, [214], [215], [225], [226]
• Annular eclipse, [69], [70]
• Antares, [234]
• Anthelme observes new star, [252]
• Apennines, lunar, [116]
• Archimedes, [117]
• Arcturus, [234]
• Argelander, number of stars, [235]
• Ariadæus cleft, [119]
• Arided, [234]
• Arietis γ, observed by Hooke, [240]
• Aristillus, [117]
• Asteroids, number of, [150];
  • methods of discovery, [150], [151]
• Asterope, [256]
• Astræa, discovery of, [150]
• Atlas, [256]
• Atmosphere, solar, [75]
• Autolycus, [117]
• Auzout, aerial telescopes, [4]

B

• Bacon, Roger, [1]
• Bailey, cluster variables, [259]
• Ball, Sir R., [154], [262];
  • Popular Guide to the Heavens,' [278]
• Barnard, measures of Venus, [89];
  • markings on Venus, [95];
  • on Mars, [133];
  • measures of asteroids, [152];
  • discovers Jupiter's fifth satellite, [167];
  • measures of Saturn, [172];
  • drawing of Saturn, [172];
  • rotation of Saturn, [174];
  • on Saturnian markings, [184-185];
  • observation of Comet 1882 (iii.), [218]
• Bayer, lettering of stars, [278]
• Beer. See [Mädler]
• Bélopolsky, rotation of Venus, [96]
• Bessel, search for Neptune, [197]
• Betelgeux, [234];
  • colour of, [235]
• Biela's comet, [213], [214], [215], [224], [225]
• Birmingham observes Nova Coronæ, [252]
• Bode's law, [148], [149]
• Bond, G. P., discovers rifts in Andromeda nebula, [264]
• Bond, W. C., discovers Crape Ring, [178];
  • discovers Saturn's eighth satellite, [187];
  • verifies discovery of Neptune's satellite, [201]
• Boötis ε, double star, [242]
• Bouvard, tables of Uranus, [197]
• Bradley uses aerial telescope, [4]
• Bremiker's star-charts, [200]
• Brooks' comet, [210];
  • observation of comet 1882 (iii.), [218]
• Brorsen's comet, [213]

C

• Calcium in chromosphere, [73]
• Campbell, atmosphere of Mars, [140];
  • bright projections on Mars, [141];
  • spectroscopic investigation of Saturn's rings, [180]
• Canals. See [Mars]
• Canes Venatici, great spiral nebula in, [265]
• Canopus, [234]
• Capella, [234]
• Capricorni α, naked-eye double, [241]
• Carpathians, [117]
• Carrington, solar rotation, [59]
• Cassegrain. See [Telescope], forms of
• Cassini uses aerial telescope, [4];
  • discovers four satellites of Saturn and division of ring, [4];
  • observations on Jupiter, [160];
  • discovers division in Saturn's ring, [177];
  • four satellites of Saturn, [184], [186], [187]
• Cassiopeiæ η, double star, [242];
  • Nova, [252]
• Castor, [234];
  • double star, [242];
  • binary, [245]
• Caucasus, lunar, [116]
• Cauchoix constructs 12-inch O.G., [6]
• Celaeno, [256]
• Celestial cycle, [18]
• Centauri α, [231], [234]
• Ceres, discovery of, [149];
  • diameter of, [152];
  • reflective power, [152]
• Ceti ζ, naked-eye double, [241];
  • Mira (ο) variable star, [248];
  • period, [249]
• Challis, search for Neptune, [199]
• Chambers, G. F., on comets, [208-209];
  • number of comets, [209]
• Chromosphere, [71], [73], [76];
  • depth of, [73];
  • constitution of, [73]
• Clark, Alvan, constructs 18-½-inch, [8];
  • 26-inch, [8];
  • 30-inch Pulkowa telescope and 36-inch Lick, [8];
  • 40-inch Yerkes, [9]
• Clavius, lunar crater, [113], [114], [120]
• Clerke, Miss Agnes, [60], [73];
  • climate of Mercury, [85];
  • on Mars, [139];
  • albedo of asteroids, [152];
  • Jupiter's red spot, [161];
  • on comet 1882 (iii.), [218];
  • on Mira Ceti, [248]
• Clerk-Maxwell, constitution of Saturn's rings, [179]
• Cluster variables, [259]
• Clusters, irregular, [256];
  • globular, [258]
• Coggia's comet, [211]
• Coma Berenices, [256]
• Comas Solà, rotation of Saturn, [174]
• Comet of 1811, [206];
  • of 1843, [206], [215], [216];
  • of Encke, [207];
  • of Halley, [207], [213];
  • Brooks, [210];
  • Donati, [205], [210];
  • Tempel, [211];
  • 1866 (i.), [214], [224];
  • Winnecke, [211];
  • Coggia, [211];
  • Holmes, [211];
  • Biela, [213];
  • and Andromeda meteors, [214], [215], [224], [225];
  • great southern (1901), [211];
  • Wells, [213];
  • of 1882, [213], [216-219];
  • De Vico, [213];
  • Brorsen, [213];
  • of Swift 1862 (iii.), and Perseid meteors, [214], [224];
  • great southern (1880), [216];
  • of 1881, [216];
  • of 1807, [216]
• Comets, [203] et seq.;
  • structure of, [205];
  • classes of, [206-208];
  • number of, [209];
  • spectra of, [211-213], [218];
  • constitution of, [212], [218];
  • connection with meteors, [214], [215], [224];
  • families of, [215-218];
  • observation of, [219-222]
• Common 5-foot reflector, [12];
  • photographs Orion nebula, [262]
• Constellations, formation of, [237], [238]
• Contraction of sun, [79]
• Cooke, T., and Sons, 25-inch Newall telescope, [8];
  • mounting of 6-inch refractor, [31]
• Copernicus, prediction of phases of Venus, [92];
  • lunar crater, [114];
  • ray system of, [120], [121]
• Corona, [71], [72], [76];
  • tenuity of, [71];
  • variations in structure, [71];
  • minimum type of, [71], [72];
  • maximum type of, [72];
  • constitution of, [72]
• Corona Borealis, [238];
  • Nova in, [252]
• Coronal streamers, analogy with Aurora, [71]
• Coronium, [72], [73]
• Cottam, charts of the constellations, [278]
• Crape ring of Saturn, [178]
• Craters, lunar, [109], [112];
  • ruined and 'ghost,' [111];
  • number and size, [112];
  • classification of, [112]
• Cygni, [61], [231];
  • alpha], [234];
  • β, colour of, [236]

D

• Darwin, G. H., evolution of Saturnian system, [186]
• Dawes discovers crape ring, [178];
  • search for Neptune, [199], [200]
• Deimos, satellite of Mars, [143]
• Delphinus, [237]
• Denning, absence of colour in reflector, [22];
  • measuring sun-spots, [51], [53];
  • on naked-eye views of Mercury, [82];
  • abnormal features on Venus, [94];
  • on canals of Mars, [136];
  • observations of cloud on Mars, [139], [140];
  • changes on Jupiter, [159], [160];
  • rotation of Saturn, [174];
  • visibility of Cassini's division, [182];
  • number of meteor radiants, [225];
  • classification of sporadic meteors, [227];
  • meteoric observation, [227], [228];
  • stationary radiants, [229]
• Deslandres, calcium photographs of sun, [60];
  • on form of corona, [72];
  • photographs chromosphere and prominences, [74]
• De Vico's comet, [213]
• Dew-cap, [39]
• Digges, supposed use of telescopes, [1]
• Dollond, John, invention of achromatic, [5];
  • 5-foot achromatics, [6]
• Donati, comet of 1858, [205], [210];
  • spectrum of comet Tempel, [211]
• Doppler's principle, [180]
• Dorpat refractor, [6], [7], [31]
• Douglass, markings on Venus, [95]
• Draco, planetary nebula in, [266]
• Dunér, rotation of sun, [59]

E

• Earth-light on moon, [105]
• Eclipse, Indian, 1898, [70];
  • 1878, July [29], [72];
  • 1870, December [22], [74]
• Eclipses, solar, [68-70];
  • of moon, [105], [106]
• Electra, [256]
• Electrical influence of sun on earth, [63]
• Elger on lunar Maria, [111];
  • lunar clefts, [119];
  • lunar chart, [125]
• Elkin observes transit of comet 1882 (iii.), [212]
• Encke discovers division in ring of Saturn, [177];
  • search for Neptune, [200]
• Equatorial mountings, [29-31], [36]
• Equulei δ, short-period binary, [245]
• Erck, Dr. Wentworth, satellites of Mars, [144]
• Eros, discovery of, distance of, [151];
  • variability of, [152]

F

• Fabricius observes Mira Ceti, [248]
• Faculæ, [59];
  • rotation period of, [59]
• Faculides, [60]
• Finder. See [Telescope]
• Finlay, transit of comet 1882 (iii.), [212]
• Flamsteed, catalogue of stars, [278]
• Fomalhaut, [234]
• Fowler, 'Telescopic Astronomy,' [17]
• Fracastorius, [111]

G

• Galaxy. See [Milky Way]
• Galilean telescope. See [Telescope], forms of
• Galileo Galilei, invention of telescope, [2];
  • loss of sight, [47];
  • discovery of phases of Venus, [92];
  • on lunar craters, [112];
  • discovers four satellites of Jupiter, [166];
  • observations of Saturn, [175], [176]
• Galle discovers Neptune, [200]
• Gassendi observes transit of Mercury, [87];
  • lunar crater, [119]
• Geminorum α. See [Castor]
• George III. pensions Herschel, [193]
• Georgium Sidus, [194]
• Gore, period of Algol, [250];
  • globular clusters, [259];
  • 'The Stellar Heavens,' [278]
• Gregorian. See [Telescope], forms of
• Grubb, 27-inch Vienna telescope, [8];
  • on telescopic powers, [41]
• Gruithuisen, changes on moon, [126]

H

• Hale, calcium photographs of sun, [60]
• Hall, Asaph, discovers satellites of Mars, [8], [143];
  • rotation of Saturn, [173], [174]
• Hall, Chester Moor, discovers principle of achromatic, [5]
• Halley's comet, [207], [213]
• Harding discovers Juno, [149]
• Hebe, discovery of, [150]
• Hegel proves that there are only seven planets, [149]
• Helium in chromosphere, [73]
• Helmholtz, speed of sensation, [48];
  • solar contraction, [79]
• Hencke discovers Astræa and Hebe, [150]
• Henry, 30-inch Nice telescope, [8]
• Heraclides promontory, [117]
• Hercules, [237]
• Herculis α, double star, [242]
• Herodotus, valley of, [118], [119], [126]
• Herschel, Sir John, drawing of Orion nebula, [262]
• Herschel, Sir William, 4-foot telescope, [13];
  • impairs sight, [47];
  • misses satellites of Mars, [143], [144];
  • rotation of Saturn, [173];
  • discovers Saturn's sixth and seventh satellites, [186], [187];
  • early history, [190], [191];
  • discovers Uranus, [191];
  • discovers two satellites of Uranus, [196];
  • binary stars, [244];
  • gaseous constitution of nebulæ, [260];
  • distribution of nebulæ, [267];
  • translation of solar system, [269]
• Herschelian. See [Telescope], forms of
• Hevelius, description of Saturn, [176]
• Hind discovers Nova Ophiuchi, [252]
• Hirst, colouring of Jupiter, [159]
• Hirst, Miss, colouring of Jupiter, [159]
• Holden on solar rotation, [59], [60]
• Holmes, Edwin, telescope-house, [38];
  • comet, [211]
• Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 'Poet at the Breakfast-table,' [13]
• Holwarda observes ο Ceti, [248]
• Hooke, observation of Gamma Arietis, [240]
• Howlett, criticism of Wilsonian theory of sun-spots, [61]
• Huggins, atmosphere of Mars, [140];
  • gaseous nature of nebulæ, [210];
  • spectrum of Winnecke's comet, [211];
  • discovers nebula in Draco to be gaseous, [260];
  • spectrum of Andromeda nebula, [264]
• Humboldtianum, Mare, [111]
• Humboldt observes meteor-shower of 1799, [224]
• Hussey, search for Neptune, [197]
• Hussey, W. J., period of δ Equulei, [245]
• Huygens, improvement on telescopes, [3];
  • aerial telescopes, [4];
  • discovers nature of Saturn's ring and first satellite of Saturn, [177], [186];
  • observation of θ Orionis, [240];
  • of great nebula in Orion, [261]
• Huygens, Mount, [116]
• Hydrogen in chromosphere, [73]
• Hyginus cleft, [119]

I

• Imbrium, Mare, [116]
• Iron in chromosphere, [73]

J

• Jansen, Zachariah, claim to invention of telescope, [1]
• Janssen, photographs of sun, [57]
• Journal of British Astronomical Association, [23], [38]
• Juno, discovery of, [149];
  • diameter of, [152]
• Jupiter, brilliancy compared with Venus, [90];
  • period of, [155];
  • distance of, [155];
  • diameter of, [155];
  • compression, volume, density, [155];
  • brilliancy, [156];
  • apparent diameter of, [156];
  • belts of, [157] et seq.;
  • colouring, [158], [159];
  • changes on surface of, [159], [160];
  • great red spot, [160-164];
  • rotation period, [163-165];
  • resemblance to sun, [164-166];
  • satellites of, [166-169];
  • observation of, [169-171];
  • visibility of satellites, [166];
  • diameters of, [167];
  • occultations of, eclipses of, transits of, [167]

K

• Kaiser sea, Mars, [145]
• Keeler, report on Yerkes telescope, [9];
  • rotation of Saturn, [174];
  • constitution of Saturn's rings, [180];
  • photographic survey of nebulæ, [267]
• Kelvin, solar combustion, [78], [79]
• Kepler, suggestion for improved refractor, [3];
  • predicts transit of Mercury, [87];
  • lunar crater, ray-system of, [120], [121];
  • observes new star, [252]
• Kirchhoff, production of Fraunhofer lines, [75]
• Kirkwood, theory of asteroid formation, [153];
  • periodic meteors, [214]
• Kitchiner, visibility of Saturn's satellites, [188]
• Klein's Star Atlas, [255]

L

• Lampland, photographs of Mars, [137]
• Langley, heat of umbra of sun-spot, [50];
  • changes in sunspots, [55]
• Lassell, 4-foot reflector, [37];
  • discovers Saturn's eighth satellite, [187];
  • discovers satellite of Uranus, [196];
  • search for Neptune, [200];
  • discovers satellite of Neptune, [201];
  • drawing of Orion nebula, [262]
• Leibnitz, mountains, [117]
• Lemonnier, observations of Uranus, [193]
• Leonid, meteors, [214], [224], [225], [226]
• Leonis γ, colour of, [236]
• Leverrier, search for Neptune, [199-201]
• Lewis, revision of Struve's 'Mensuræ Micrometricæ,' [278]
• Lick, 36-inch telescope, [8]
• Light, speed of, [231]
• Light-year, [230]
• Lippershey, claim to invention of telescope, [1]
• Lohrmann, lunar chart of, [122]
• Lowell, rotation of Mercury, [85];
  • surface of Mercury, [86];
  • surface of Venus, [95];
  • rotation of Venus, [96];
  • 'oases' of Mars, [137], [138];
  • projections on Mars, [141]
• Lunar observation, [123-125]
• Lyræ ε, double double, [241], [242];
  • β, variable star, [249];
  • spectroscopic binary, [250]
• Lyra, ring nebula in, [265];
  • photographs of, [266]
• Lyrid, meteors, [214], [224], [226]

M

• M. [35], cluster, [257];
  • M. [13], number of stars in, [258];
  • M. [92], [259];
  • M. [3] and M. [5], variables in, [259];
  • M. [51], [265]
• MacEwen, drawing of Venus, [94], [95]
• Mädler, heights of lunar mountains, [118];
  • lunar chart, [122], [124], [128]
• Maginus, [120]
• Magnesium in chromosphere, [73]
• Maia, [256]
• Maintenance of solar light and heat, [78], [79]
• Marius, Simon, description of Andromeda nebula, [264]
• Markwick, Colonel, [117]
• Mars, distance, diameter, rotation, year of, phase of, [130-132];
  • oppositions of, [130], [131];
  • polar caps, [132];
  • canals, [135-137];
  • dark areas, [133];
  • 'oases,' [137], [138];
  • atmosphere of, [139], [140];
  • projections on terminator, [141];
  • satellites of, [142-144];
  • visibility of details of, [144]
• Maunder, Mrs., photographs of coronal streamers, [70]
• Maunder, E. W., adjustment of equatorial, [22], [23];
  • electrical influence of sun on earth, [63];
  • 'Astronomy without a Telescope,' [238]
• Mee, Arthur, on amateur observation, [17];
  • visibility of Cassini's division, [183]
• Melbourne 4-foot reflector, [12]
• Mellor, lunar chart, [124]
• Mendenhall, illustration of sun's distance, [48]
• Mercury, elongations of, [81];
  • diameter of, [82];
  • orbit, [83];
  • bulk, weight, density, reflective power, [83];
  • phases, [84];
  • surface, [84];
  • rotation period, [85];
  • transits, [87], [88];
  • anomalous appearances in, [87]
• Merope, [256]
• Merz, Cambridge (U.S.A.), and Pulkowa refractors, [6]
• Messier, lunar crater, [126];
  • 'the comet ferret,' [219];
  • catalogue of nebulæ, [258]
• Meteors, [222] et seq.;
  • shower of 1833, [223];
  • of 1866, [224];
  • Perseid, [214], [224], [225];
  • Leonid, [214], [224], [225];
  • Lyrid, [214], [224], [226];
  • Andromedes, [214], [215], [224], [225];
  • radiant point, [223], [224];
  • sporadic, [226];
  • observation of, [227-229]
• Metius's claim to invention of telescope, [1]
• Milky Way, [239];
  • clustering of stars towards, [240];
  • nebulæ in, [240]
• Mira, ο Ceti, [248];
  • period of, [249]
• Mizar, [240], [241]
• Montaigne, [219]
• Month, lunar and sidereal, [103]
• Moon, size, orbit, area, volume, density, mass, force of gravity, [100];
  • lunar tides, [101], [102];
  • phases, [102];
  • synodic period, [103];
  • reflective power, [104];
  • 'old moon in young moon's arms,' [104];
  • earth's light on, [105];
  • lunar eclipses, [105], [106];
  • 'black eclipses,' [105];
  • Maria of, [109-111];
  • craters of, [109], [112-114];
  • mountain ranges, [109], [116-118];
  • clefts or rills, [109], [118], [119];
  • ray systems, [109], [120], [121];
  • atmosphere of, [126];
  • evidence of change, [127], [128]
• Mountings. See [Telescope]

N

• Nasmyth, willow-leaf structure of solar surface, [57];
  • lunar clefts, [119];
  • on lunar ray systems, [121];
  • and Carpenter, lunar chart, [125];
  • on powers for lunar observation, [127]
• Nebula of Orion, [261-263];
  • drawings of, [262];
  • photographs, [262];
  • distance of, [263];
  • of Andromeda, [263], [264];
  • photographs of, [264];
  • spectrum, [264]
• Nebulæ, few in neighbourhood of Galaxy, [240];
  • Messier's catalogue of, [258];
  • gaseous, [260] et seq.;
  • spiral, [263-265];
  • ring, [265];
  • planetary, [266];
  • number of, [267]
• Neison on lunar walled plains, [115], [120];
  • lunar chart, [125]
• Neptune, [148], [196] et seq.;
  • diameter, distance, period, spectrum, satellite of, [201]
• Newall, 25-inch refractor, [8]
• Newcomb on scale of solar operations, [77], [78];
  • on markings of Venus, [93];
  • phosphorescence of dark side of Venus, [97];
  • ratio of stellar increase, [235];
  • 'Astronomy for Everybody,' [238];
  • stars in galaxy, [240];
  • spectroscopic binaries, [248];
  • on Nova Persei, [254];
  • on constitution of stars, [268];
  • apex of solar path, [271]
• Newton, Sir Isaac, invents Newtonian reflector, [10]
• Nice, 30-inch refractor, [8]
• Nichol on M. [13], [258]
• Nilosyrtis, [145]
• Noble, method of observing sun, [67];
  • visibility of Saturn's satellites, [188]
• Nova Cassiopeiæ, [252];
  • Coronæ, [252];
  • Cygni, [253];
  • Andromedæ, [253];
  • Ophiuchi, [252];
  • Aurigæ, [253];
  • spectrum of, [253];
  • changes into planetary nebula, [254];
  • Persei, [254];
  • photographs of, [254];
  • nebulosity round, [254];
  • Geminorum, [255];
  • colour, spectrum of, [255]

O

• Object-glass, treatment of, [19], [20];
  • testing of, [20-23]
• Observation, methods of solar, [65-67]
• Olbers discovers Pallas and Vesta, [149];
  • theory of asteroid formation, [150], [152]
• Oppolzer, E. von, discovers variability of Eros, [152]
• Opposition, [130] (note);
  • of Mars, [130], [131]
• Orion, [237];
  • great nebula of, [261-263]
• Orionis θ, observation of, [240];
  • ι, naked-eye double, [241];
  • θ, multiple star, [243];
  • σ, multiple star, [243]

P

• Palisa discovers asteroids, [151]
• Pallas, discovery of, [149];
  • diameter of, [152]
• Peck, 'Constellations and How to Find Them,' [238];
  • star-charts, [278]
• Pegasi κ, short-period binary, [245]
• Pegasus, [237]
• Perihelion of planets, [131] (note)
• Period, synodic, of moon, [103]
• Perrine discovers Jupiter's sixth and seventh satellites, [167]
• Perseid, meteors, [214], [224], [225]
• Perseus, sword-handle of, [257]
• Petavius cleft, [119]
• Peters discovers asteroids, [151]
• Phillips, Rev. T. E. R., polar cap of Mars, [134];
  • canals of Mars, [137];
  • clouds on Mars, [140]
• Phobos satellite of Mars, [143]
• Phosphorescence of dark side of Venus, [97]
• Photosphere, [75]
• Piazzi discovers Ceres, [149]
• Pickering, E. C., number of lucid stars in northern hemisphere, [233];
  • parallax of Orion nebula, [262]
• Pickering, W. H., on lunar ray systems, [120], [121];
  • changes on moon, [126];
  • on polar cap of Mars, [134], [135];
  • discovers Saturn's ninth and tenth satellites, [187];
  • photographs Orion nebula, [262]
• Planetary nebulæ, [266];
  • spectra of, [266];
  • nebula in Draco, [266]
• Plato, [117], [126]
• Pleiades, number of stars in, [233], [256], [257];
  • nebula of, [257]
• Pleione, [256]
• Polarizing eye-piece, [66]
• Pollux, [234]
• Præsepe, [256]
• Procellarum Oceanus, [111]
• Proctor, [2];
  • method of finding Mercury, [82];
  • on state of Jupiter, [166]
• Proctor on the Saturnian system, [181];
  • visibility of Cassini's division, [182];
  • on Challis's search for Neptune, [199];
  • Star Atlas, [278]
• Procyon, [234]
• Projecting sun's image, [67]
• Projections on terminator of Mars, [141]
• Prominences, [73], [74]
• Ptolemäus, [112]
• Pulkowa, 30-inch refractor, [8], [9]

R

• Radiant point of meteors, [223], [224];
  • number of, [225];
  • stationary, [229]
• Ranyard Cowper on parallax measures, [231]
• Regulus, [234]
• Reversing layer seen by Young, [74];
  • spectrum photographed by Shackleton, [75];
  • depth of, [75]
• Riccioli observes duplicity of ζ Ursæ Majoris, [240]
• Rigel, [232], [234];
  • colour of, [235]
• Ritchey, 5-foot reflector Yerkes Observatory, [12]
• Roche's limit, [186]
• Rosse, Earl of, 6-foot reflector, [12];
  • colouring of Jupiter, [158], [159];
  • telescope, resolution of Orion nebula, [260];
  • drawing of Orion nebula with, [262];
  • spiral character of M. [51], [265]
• Rotation period of Mercury, [85];
  • of Venus, [95], [96]

S

• Satellite of Venus, question of, [97], [98];
  • of Mars, [142-144];
  • of Jupiter, [166-169]
• Saturn, orbit of, sun-heat received by, period of, diameter of, compression and density of, [172];
  • features of globe, rotation period, [173];
  • varying aspects of rings, [178];
  • measures of rings, [178];
  • constitution of rings, [179];
  • satellites of, [186-189];
  • satellites, transits of, [189]
• Scheiner, construction of refractors, [2]
• Scheiner, Julius, spectrum of Andromeda nebula, [264]
• Schiaparelli, rotation of Mercury, [85];
  • surface of Mercury, [86];
  • rotation of Venus, [96];
  • discovery of Martian canals, [135-137];
  • connection of comets and meteors, [214], [224]
• Schmidt, lunar map, [114];
  • observation of comet 1882 (iii.), [217], [218];
  • observes Nova Cygni, [253]
• Schröter, observations of Venus, [94];
  • lunar mountains, [118];
  • rills, [118];
  • lunar atmosphere, [126]
• Schwabe, discovery of sun-spot period, [61], [62]
• See, Dr., duration of sun's light and heat, [80]
• Serenitatis, Mare, serpentine ridge on, [110], [111];
  • crossed by ray from Tycho, [120]
• Shackleton photographs spectrum of reversing layer, [75]
• Sidereal month, [103]
• Siderites and siderolites, [227]
• Sinus Iridum, [117]
• Sirius, companion of, discovered, [8];
  • brightness, [234];
  • colour, [235];
  • brilliancy compared with Venus, [90];
  • with Jupiter, [156]
• Sirsalis cleft, [119]
• Smyth, Admiral, on amateur observers, [18], [19], [45]
• Sodium in chromosphere, [73]
• Solar system, translation of, [269-272]
• South, Sir James, 12-inch telescope, [6]
• Spectroscope, [73], [76]
• Spectroscopic observations of rotation of Venus, [96];
  • of Martian atmosphere, [140];
  • investigations of Saturn's rings, [180];
  • of Uranus, [195]
• Spectrum of reversing layer, [75];
  • of chromosphere, [73]
• Spencer, Herbert, relation of stars and nebulæ, [267]
• Spica Virginis, [234]
• Stars, distance of, [231];
  • number of, [232], [233];
  • magnitudes, [234];
  • numbers in different magnitudes, [235];
  • colours, [235-237];
  • change of colour in, [236], [237];
  • constellations, [237], [238];
  • double, [240];
  • multiple, [243];
  • binary, [244];
  • spectroscopic binaries, [245-248];
  • variable, [248-251];
  • new or temporary, [251-255];
  • constitution of, [268]
• Struve, F. G. W., 'Mensuræ Micrometricæ,' [278]
• Struve (Otto) discovers satellite of Uranus, [196];
  • verifies discovery of Neptune's satellite, [201]
• Sun, size, distance, [47], [48];
  • rotation period of, [57-59];
  • methods of observing, [65-67];
  • atmosphere of, [75];
  • light and heat of, [78]
• Sun-spots, [49], [50];
  • rapid changes in, [54], [55];
  • period of, [62];
  • zones and variation of latitude of, [62]
• Synodic period, [103]
• Syrtis Major, [145]
• Swift, Dean, satellites of Mars, [142]
• Swift's comet, [214], [224]

T

• Taygeta, [256]
• Telescope, invention of, [1], [2];
  • refracting, [3];
  • achromatic, [5];
  • reflecting, [10], [11];
  • forms of reflecting, Newtonian, Gregorian, Herschelian, Cassegrain, [10], [11];
  • mirrors of reflecting, [11], [12];
  • finders, [23], [24];
  • mountings of, Altazimuth, [25-28];
  • equatorial, [30], [31];
  • house for, [37], [38];
  • management of, [39], [40];
  • powers of, [40], [41]
• Tempel's comet, [211]
• Terminator of moon, [107];
  • of Venus, [94]
• Titius, discovery of Bode's law, [148]
• Turner discovers Nova Geminorum, [255]
• Tycho, [114];
  • ray-system of, [108], [120], [121];
  • Brahé observes Nova Cassiopeiæ, [252]

U

• Uranus, [190];
  • distance from sun, period, diameter, visibility, [194];
  • spectrum and density, [195];
  • satellites, [196]
• Ursæ Majoris ζ, duplicity of, [240];
  • ξ binary, [244];
  • spectroscopic binary, [247]

V

• Variable stars, [248-251]
• Variation in sun-spot latitude, [62]
• Vega, [234];
  • colour of, [235];
  • apex of solar path, [271]
• Venus, diameter, [89];
  • orbit and elongations, [89];
  • visibility of, [89], [90];
  • brilliancy, [90];
  • reflective power, [90];
  • phases, [92];
  • as telescopic object, [93];
  • atmosphere, [93];
  • blunting of south horn, [94];
  • rotation period, [96];
  • 'phosphorescence' of dark side, [97];
  • question of satellite of, [97], [98];
  • transits, [98];
  • opportunities for observation, [98], [99]
• Vesta, discovery of [149];
  • diameter of, [152];
  • reflective power, [152]
• Vienna, 27-inch refractor, [8]
• Vogel, atmosphere of Mars, [140];
  • discovery of spectroscopic binaries, [245], [246]

W

• Washington, 26-inch refractor, [8]
• Watson, asteroid discoveries, [151], [153]
• Webb, Rev. J. W., remarks on telescope, [17];
  • on amateurs, [18];
  • on cleaning of eye pieces, [20];
  • visibility of Saturn's rings, [181];
  • lunar chart, [124];
  • 'Celestial Objects,' [124];
  • colouring of Jupiter, [158];
  • description of planetary nebula in Draco, [267]
• Williams, A. Stanley, seasonal variations in colour of Jupiter's belts, [159];
  • periods of rotation (Jupiter), [163];
  • rotation of Saturn, [174]
• Wells's comet, [213]
• Wilson, theory of sun-spots, [60], [61]
• Winnecke's comet, [211]
• Wolf, asteroid discoveries, [151]

Y

• Yerkes observatory, 40-inch refractor, [8], [9];
  • 5-foot reflector, [12]
• Young, illustrations from 'The Sun,' [48];
  • electric influence of sun on earth, [63];
  • observations of prominences, [74];
  • of reversing layer, [74]

Z

• Zöllner, reflective power of Jupiter, [156]

THE END

BILLING AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, GUILDFORD.

---

Transcriber's Note

° indicates hours (or degrees); ′ indicates minutes (prime = minutes = feet); ″ indicates seconds (double prime = seconds = inches).

Sundry missing or damaged punctuation has been repaired.

Illustrations (or Plates) which interrupted paragraphs have been moved to more convenient positions between paragraphs.

A few words appear in both hyphenated and unhyphenated versions. A couple have been corrected, for consistency; the others have been retained.

Page x: 'XI' corrected to 'IX'

"IX. THE ASTEROIDS 148"

Page 4: Corrected 'lengthwas' to 'length was'.

"... with a glass whose focal length was 212¼ feet."

Page 25: 'familar' corrected to 'familiar'.

"... or, to use more familiar terms,..."

Page 90: "... more especially if the object casting the shadow have a sharply defined edge,..."

'have' is correct, and has been retained (subjunctive after 'if').

Page 92: 'firstfruits' corrected to 'first-fruits'. (OED, and matches 2 other occurrences.)

"The actual proof of the existence of these phases was one of the first-fruits which Galileo gathered by means of his newly invented telescope."

Page 109: 'eyeryone' corrected to 'everyone'.

"... —'the man in the moon'—with which everyone is familiar."

Page 118: 'of' added - missing at page-turn.

"They embrace some of the loftiest lunar peaks reaching...."

Page 128: 'lnnar' corrected to 'lunar'.

"The lunar night would be lit by our own earth,..."

Page 157: 'imch' corrected to 'inch'.

Jupiter, October 9, 1891, 9.30 p.m.; 3⅞-inch, power 120."

Page 158: 'eyepiece' corrected to 'eye-piece', to match all the rest.

"... and a single lens eye-piece giving a power of 36."

Page 194: The code for the astronomical symbol for Uranus is U+26E2 or ⛢ (& # 9954;), but it does not seem to work, except, perhaps, in the very latest browsers) so an image has been used instead:

Page 205: removed extraneous 'of'.

"The nucleus is the only part of [of] a comet's structure "

Page 209: 'unconsidreed' corrected to 'unconsidered'.

"... that some unconsidered little patch of haze...."

Page 240: 'Ursae' corrected to 'Ursæ' to match entries in the Index, and for consistency.

"... though Riccioli detected the duplicity of Zeta Ursæ Majoris (Mizar), in 1650,..."

Page 248: 'in once and a half times,'. 'once' is as printed (and may have been intended).
As it is part of a quote, it has been retained.

"'Once in eleven months,' writes Miss Clerke, 'the star mounts up in about 125 days from below the ninth to near the third, or even to the second magnitude; then, after a pause of two or three weeks, drops again to its former low level in once and a half times, on an average, the duration of its rise.'"

Page 256: 'Celæno' appears here in the text; 'Celaeno, 256' is the Index entry. Both are as printed.

Page 281: 285·9″ corrected to 285·9°

"Equuleus.

Σ 2737 or ε : 20 h. 54 m. + 3° 55′ : 5·7-6·2-7·1 : 285·9°, 73·8° : 0·53″, 10·43″. Triple with large instruments."

This follows the pattern of preceding

Draco.

Σ 2323 or 39: 18 h. 22 m. + 58° 45′ : 4·7-7·7-7·1 : 358·2°, 20·8° : 3·68″, 88·8″. Triple.

Page 282: 3·80° corrected to 3·80″ to match pattern.

"Σ 2161 or ρ : 17 h. 20 m. + 37° 14′ : 4-5·1 : 314·4° : 3·80″. 'Gem of a beautiful coronet' (Webb)."

Page 288: 'Lyrae' corrected to 'Lyræ'.

"Lyræ ε, double double, 241, 242;"

Page 291: 'obsering' corrected to 'observing'.

"methods of observing, 65-67;"

Page 292: 'elongagations' corrected to 'elongations'.

"orbit and elongations, 89;"

Page 292: 'GUIDFORD' corrected to 'GUILDFORD'.

"BILLING AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, GUILDFORD."