CHURCH HISTORY.

From A.D. 33 to the Reformation.

BY THE LATE
Rev. J. C. ROBERTSON, M.A.
CANON OF CANTERBURY.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE TRACT COMMITTEE.

LONDON:
SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE,
NORTHUMBERLAND AVENUE, CHARING CROSS, W.C.
43, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C.
26, ST. GEORGE'S PLACE, HYDE PARK CORNER, S.W.
BRIGHTON: 135, NORTH STREET.
New York: E. & J. B. YOUNG & CO.
1887.

CONTENTS.
PART I.
CHAP. PAGE
1.[The Age of the Apostles]1
2.[St. Ignatius]5
3.[St. Justin, Martyr]10
4.[St. Polycarp]13
5.[The Martyrs of Lyons and Vienne]15
6.[Tertullian—Perpetua and her Companions]17
7.[Origen]21
8.[St Cyprian—Part I.]25
"[Part II.]27
"[Part III.]29
9.[The Last Persecution]31
10.[Constantine the Great]38
11.[The Council of Nicæa]43
12.[St. Athanasius—Part I.]47
"[Part II.]51
"[Part III.]54
13.[The Monks]59
14.[St. Basil and St. Gregory of Nazianzum—Part I.]67
"""[Part II.]70
15.[St. Ambrose]73
16.[The Temple of Serapis]77
17.[Church Government]80
18.[Christian Worship—Part I.]85
""[Part II.]87
""[Part III.]90
19.[Arcadius and Honorius]93
20.[St. John Chrysostom—Part I.]95
""[Part II.]100
""[Part III.]103
""[Part IV.]105
21.[St. Augustine—Part I.]108
"[Part II.]111
"[Part III. (Donatism)]114
"[Part IV.]"118
"[Part V.]"120
"[Part VI. (Pelagianism)]124
"[Part VII.]"127
22.[Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon]128
23.[Fall of the Western Empire]131
24.[Conversion of the Barbarians—Christianity in Britain]133
25.[Scotland and Ireland]136
26.[Clovis]140
27.[Justinian]142
28.[Nestorians and Monophysites]144
29.[St. Benedict—Part I.]147
"[Part II.]150
30.[End of the Sixth Century—Part I.]152
""[Part II.]154
31.[St. Gregory the Great—Part I.]156
""[Part II.]159
""[Part III.]160
""[Part IV.]163
PART II.
1.[Mahometanism—Image-worship]169
2.[The Church in England]171
3.[St. Boniface]173
4.[Pipin and Charles the Great—Part I.]177
""[Part II.]179
5.[Decay of Charles the Great's Empire]181
6.[State of the Papacy]184
7.[Missions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries]185
8.[Pope Gregory VII.—Part I.]191
"[Part II.]193
"[Part III.]194
"[Part IV.]196
9.[The First Crusade—Part I.]198
"[Part II.]201
"[Part III.]204
10.[New Orders of Monks—Military Orders]205
11.[St. Bernard—Part I.]211
"[Part II.]213
12.[Adrian IV.—Alexander III.—Becket—The Third Crusade]214
13.[Innocent III.—Part I.]217
"[Part II.]220
"[Part III.]223
"[Part IV.]225
14.[Frederick II—St. Lewis of France—Part I.]228
"""[Part II.]229
"""[Part III.]230
15.[Peter of Murrone]232
16.[Boniface VIII.—Part I.]235
"[Part II.]236
17.[The Popes at Avignon—The Ruin of the Templars—Part I.]239
"""[Part II.]241
18.[The Popes at Avignon (continued)]245
19.[Religious Parties]247
20.[John Wyclif]249
21.[The Popes return to Rome]252
22.[The Great Schism]254
23.[John Huss]256
24.[The Council of Constance—Part I.]258
""[Part II.]260
""[Part III.]261
25.[The Hussites]263
26.[Councils of Basel and Florence]265
27.[Nicolas V. and Pius II.]268
28.[Jerome Savonarola—Part I.]271
""[Part II.]273
29.[Julius II. and Leo X.]275
30.[Missions—The Inquisition]277
TABLE OF DATES.
PART I.
A.D. PAGE
33.[Descent of the Holy Ghost on the Day of Pentecost]1
62.[Martyrdom of St. James the Less]3
64.[Persecution by Nero begins]2
68.[Martyrdom of St. Peter and St. Paul]2
70.[Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus]3
95.[Persecution by Domitian]3
100.[Death of St. John]5
116.[Martyrdom of Ignatius]9
166.[Martyrdoms of Justin and Polycarp]10-15
168.[Montanus publishes his heresy]17
177.[Persecution at Lyons and Vienne]15
190.[Tertullian flourishes]18
202.[Persecution by Severus begins]18
—[Martyrdom of Origen's father]21
206.[Martyrdom of Perpetua and her companions]18
248.[Cyprian, bishop of Carthage]25
249.[Persecution by Decius]23
251.[Paul, the first hermit]60
—[Troubles at Carthage—Novatian separates from the Church]27
253.[Plague at Carthage]27
254.[Death of Origen]24
—[Disagreement between Cyprian and Stephen, bishop of Rome]29
257.[Persecution by Valerian]29
258.[Martyrdom of Cyprian]31
260.[Conversion of the Goths begins]40
261.[Valerian taken prisoner in Persia—Gallienus allows liberty to the Christians]32
270.[Manes publishes his heresy]110
298.[Diocletian requires soldiers, &c., to worship the heathen gods]33
303.[The last general persecution begins]34
311.[Separation of the Donatists from the Church]44, 116
313.[End of the persecution—Constantine and Licinius give liberty to the Christians]38
314.[Council of Arles about the affairs of the Donatists]117
319.[Arius begins to publish his heresy]44
324.[Constantine defeats Licinius, and declares himself a Christian]38
325.[The First General Council held at Nicæa—Arius condemned—The Nicene Creed made]46
326.[Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria]47
335.[Council of Tyre]48
—[Athanasius banished to Treves]49
336.[Death of Arius]50
337.[Death of Constantine]51
338.[Athanasius restored to his see]52
341.[Second banishment of Athanasius]52
343.[Persecution in Persia]41
347.[Revolt, defeat, and banishment of the Donatists]117
348.[Ulfilas, bishop of the Goths]93
349.[Second return of St. Athanasius]52
356.[Third exile of Athanasius]53
—[Death of Antony the hermit]61
361.[Julian, emperor—Paganism restored]57
362.[The Donatists recalled]120
—[Athanasius restored, but again banished]56
—[Attempt to rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem]57
363.[Death of Julian]58
370.[Basil, bishop of Cæsarea, in Cappadocia]68
372.[Gregory of Nazianzum consecrated as bishop of Sasima]69
373.[Death of Athanasius]59
374.[Ambrose, bishop of Milan]73
378.[Gregory of Nazianzum goes to Constantinople]69
379.[Theodosius, emperor]70
380.[Gregory, bishop of Constantinople—Death of Basil]70
381.[Second General Council held at Constantinople—Gregory withdraws from his see]70
385.[Execution of Priscillian]72
387.[Baptism of Augustine]113
—[Sedition at Antioch]97
390.[Massacre at Thessalonica, and repentance of Theodosius]75
391.[Destruction of the Temple of Serapis]78
395.[Death of Theodosius]77
—[Augustine, bishop of Hippo]114
397.[Death of Ambrose]77
—[Chrysostom, bishop of Constantinople]100
400.[Pelagius teaches his heresy at Rome]124
403.[Death of Telemachus at Rome]95
—[Council of the Oak—Chrysostom banished and recalled]105
404.[Chrysostom banished to Cucusus]106
407.[Death of Chrysostom]107
409.[The Romans withdraw from Britain]135
410.[Rome taken by Alaric]93
—[Pelagius and Celestius in Africa]125
411.[Conference with the Donatists at Carthage]122
412.[Ninian, bishop of Whithorn]136
415.[Councils in the Holy Land as to Pelagius]126
429.[Pelagianism put down in Britain by German and Lupus]135
430.[Death of Augustine]128
431.[Third General Council held at Ephesus—Condemnation of Nestorius]129
432.[Death of Ninian—Patrick goes into Ireland]136
449.[Council, known as "The Meeting of Robbers," at Ephesus]129
—[Landing of the Saxons in England]136
451.[Fourth General Council held at Chalcedon—Condemnation of Eutyches]129
—[Attila in France—Deliverance of Orleans]131
452.[Attila in Italy]132
455.[Rome plundered by Genseric]132
476.[End of the Western Empire]133
464-519.[Separation between the Churches of Rome and Constantinople]144
493.[Death of Patrick]138
496.[Conversion of Clovis]141
527.[Justinian, emperor]142
529.[The heathen schools of Athens shut up]143
—[Benedict draws up his Rule for monks]149
541.[Jacob, leader of the Monophysites]145
553.[Fifth General Council held at Constantinople]145
565.[Columba settles at Iona]139
—[Death of Justinian]142
589.[Third Council of Toledo—The Spanish Church renounces Arianism]134
—[Columban goes into France]139
590.[Gregory the Great, bishop of Rome]155
596.[Mission of Augustine to England]163
597.[Landing of Augustine in England—Conversion of Ethelbert]164
604.[Deaths of Gregory and Augustine]166
PART II.
589-615.[Missionary labours of St. Columban]205
612.[Mahomet begins to publish his religion]169
627.[Jerusalem taken by the Mussulmans]169
632.[Death of Mahomet]169
635.[Settlement of Scottish missionaries in Holy Island]172
664.[Council of Whitby]172
724.[Beginning of controversy as to images]170
732.[Victory of Charles Martel over the Saracens]174
734.[Death of the Venerable Bede]173
715-755.[Missionary labours of St. Boniface]174
752.[Pipin becomes king of the Franks]177
787.[Second Council of Nicæa]180
794.[Council of Frankfort]180
800.[Charles the Great crowned as emperor]178
—[(about) Forgery of Constantine's donation]192
814.[Death of Charles the Great]181
826-865.[Missionary labours of Anskar]187
846.[(about) Forgery of the False Decretals]192
860-870.[Conversion of Bulgarians, Moravians, Bohemians, &c.]185
912.[Foundation of the Order of Cluny]206
962.[Otho I., emperor]183
988.[Conversion of Basil, great prince of Russia]188
999.[Sylvester II., pope]184
994-1030.[Conversion of Norwegians]189
1046.[Council of Sutri]185
1048.[Pope Leo IX.—Beginning of Hildebrand's influence over the papacy]193
1073.[Hildebrand elected pope (Gregory VII.)]193
1074.[Foundation of the Carthusian Order]207
1085.[Death of Gregory VII.]197
1098.[Foundation of the Cistercian Order]208
1099.[Jerusalem taken in the First Crusade]202
1113.[Order of St. John (or Hospitallers) founded]209
1116.[Order of the Temple founded]210
1123.[Agreement between the pope and the emperor at Worms]198
1147-1149.[The Second Crusade]213
1153.[Death of St. Bernard]214
1154.[Nicolas Breakspeare, an Englishman, chosen pope (Adrian IV.)]214
1170.[Murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket]216
1189.[The Third Crusade]217
1198.[Innocent III. elected pope]218
1203.[Constantinople taken by Crusaders]222
1208.[England put under an interdict]219
1208-1229.[War against the Albigenses]223
1215.[Fourth Council of the Lateran—Innocent sanctions the Dominican and Franciscan Orders of Mendicant Friars]227
1240.[First Crusade of St. Lewis]230
1270.[Second Crusade and death of St. Lewis]231
1274.[Second Council of Lyons]232
1294.[Election of Pope Celestine V.]233
——[Election of Pope Boniface VIII.]235
1300.[Boniface celebrates the first jubilee]235
1303.[Death of Boniface]239
1310.[The popes settle at Avignon]240
1312.[Council of Vienne—The Order of the Temple dissolved]243
1377.[Gregory XI. removes the papacy from Avignon to Rome]253
1378.[Beginning of the Great Schism of the West]254
1384.[Death of John Wyclif]251
1414-1418.[Council of Constance]258
1415.[Pope John XXIII. deposed]260
——[John Huss burnt by order of the Council]261
1417.[Election of Pope Martin V., and end of the Schism]262
1418.[Religious war of Bohemia breaks out]264
1431.[Council of Basel opened]265
1438.[Council of Ferrara and Florence]267
1453.[Constantinople taken by the Turks]268
1455.[Invention of Printing]269
1464.[Pope Pius II. vainly attempts a crusade]270
1498.[Death of Savonarola]274
1503.[Death of Pope Alexander VI.]275
1517.[Appearance of Martin Luther as a reformer]276