EXAMPLE.

s°ʹ
Sun’s mean Dist. from the [[83]]Node at New Moon in April 17640537
To which add the Equation of the Node +10
And it gives the Sun’s corrected Distance from the Node0547
To which cor. Dist. add the Eq. of the Sun’s mean Place+156
And it gives the Sun’s true Distance from the Node0743

Which, being at the time of New Moon, is the Argument of Latitude; and in [Table XIV], (making proportions for the 43ʹ) shews the Moon’s Latitude to be 40ʹ 9ʺ North Ascending[[84]].

To find the Moon’s true hourly Motion from the Sun.

Seventh Element.

364. Precept. With the Moon’s Anomaly enter [Table XV], and thereby take out her true hourly Motion: then with the Sun’s Anomaly take out his true hourly Motion from the same Table: which done, subtract the Sun’s hourly Motion from the Moon’s, and the remainder will be the Moon’s true hourly Motion from the Sun; which, for the above time § [359], is 27ʹ 50ʺ.

To find the Semi-diameters of the Sun and Moon as seen from the Earth at the above-mentioned time.

Eighth and Ninth Elements.

365. Precept. Enter the XVth Table with the Sun’s Anomaly, and thereby take out his Semi-diameter; and in the same manner take out the Moon’s Semi-diameter by her Anomaly. The former of which for the above time will be found to be 16ʹ 6ʺ; the latter 14ʹ 58ʺ.

To find the Semi-diameter of the Penumbra.

Tenth Element.

366. Precept. Add the Sun’s semi-diameter to the Moon’s, and their Sum will be the Semi-diameter of the Penumbra; namely, at the above time 31ʹ 4ʺ.

[Pl. XII.]

366. Having found the proper Elements or Requisites for the Sun’s Eclipse April 1, 1764, and intending to project this Eclipse Geometrically, we shall now collect them under the eye, that they may be the more readily found as they are wanted in order for the Projection.

The proper Elements collected.

DHM
367. I. The true time of Conj. or New Moon April11025
°ʹʺ
II. The Earth’s Semi-Disc, which is equal to the Moon’s Horizontal Parallax 55ʹ 7ʺ diminished by the Sun’s Horizontal Parallax which is always 10ʺ05457
III. The Sun’s distance from the nearest Solstice, viz.77510
IV. The Sun’s Declination, North44854
V. The Angle of the Moon’s vis. path with the Eclipt.5380
VI. The Moon’s true Latitude, North Ascending 409
VII. The Moon’s true Horary Motion from the Sun 2750
VIII. The Sun’s Semi-diameter 166
IX. The Moon’s Semi-diameter 1458
X. The Semi-diameter of the Penumbra 314

368. Having collected these Elements or Requisites, the following part of the work may be very much facilitated by means of a good Sector, with the use of which the reader should be so well acquainted, as to know how to open it to any given Radius, as far as it will go; and to take off the Chord or Sine of any Arc of that Radius. This is done by first taking the extent of the given Radius in your Compasses, and then opening the Sector so as the distance cross-wise between the ends of the lines of Sines or Chords at S or C, from Leg to Leg of the Sector, may be equal to that extent; then, without altering the Sector, take the Sine or Chord of the given Arc with your Compasses extended cross-wise from Leg to Leg of the Sector in these lines. But if the operator has not a Sector, he must construct these lines to such different lengths as he wants them in the projection. And lest this Treatise should fall into the hands of any person who would wish to project the Figure of a solar or lunar Eclipse, and has not a Sector to do it by, we shall shew how he may make a line of Sines or Chords to any Radius.

Fig. II.
How to make a line of Chords.
[Pl. XII.]

369. Draw the right line BCA at pleasure; and upon C as a Center, with the distance CA or CB as a Radius, describe the Semi-circle BDA; and from the Center C draw AC perpendicular to BCA. Then divide the Quadrants AD and BD each into 90 equal parts or degrees, and join the right line AD for the Chord of the Quadrant AD. This done, setting one foot of the Compasses in A, extend the other to the different divisions of the Quadrant AD; and so transfer them to the right line AD as in the Figure, and you have a line of Chords AD to the Radius CA. N. B. 60 Degrees on the Line of Chords is always equal to the Radius of the Circle it is made from; as is evident by the Figure, where the Arch E, whose Center is A, drawn from 60 on the Quadrant AD, cuts the Chord line in 60 degrees, and terminates in the Center C.

And of Sines.

Then, from the divisions or degrees of the Quadrant BD, draw lines parallel to CD, which will fall perpendicularly on the Radius BC, dividing it into a line of Sines; and it will be near enough for the present purpose, to have them to every fifth Degree, as in the Figure. And thus the young Tyro may supply himself with Chords and Sines, if he has not a Sector. But as the Sector greatly shortens the work, we shall describe the projection as done by it, so far as Signs and Chords are required.

Fig. II.
Earth’s Semi-Disc.

370. Make a Scale of any convenient length (six inches at least) as AC, and divide it into as many equal parts as the semi-diameter of the Earth’s Disc contains minutes, which in this construction of the Eclipse for London in April 1764, is 54 minutes and 57 seconds; but as it wants only 3ʺ of 55ʹ the Scale may be divided into 55 equal parts, as in the Figure. Then, with the whole length of the Scale as a Radius, setting one foot of your Compasses in C as a center, describe the Semi-circle AMB for the northern Hemisphere or Semi-disc of the Earth, as seen from the Sun at that time. Had the Place for which the Construction is made been in South Latitude, this Semi-circle would have been the Southern Hemisphere of the Earth’s Disc.

Axis of the Ecliptic.

371. Upon the center C raise the straight line CH for the Axis of the Ecliptic, perpendicular to ACB.

North Pole of the Earth.

372. Make a line of Chords to the Radius AC, and taking from thence the Chord of 2312 Degrees, set it off from H to g and to h, on the periphery of the Semi-disc; and draw the straight line gNh, in which the North Pole of the Disc is always found.

373. While the Sun is in Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, and Virgo, the North Pole of the Disc is illuminated; but while the Sun is in Libra, Scorpio, Sagittary, Capricorn, and Aquarius, the North Pole is hid in the obscure part behind the Disc.

374. And, whilst the Sun is in Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces, Aries, Taurus, and Gemini, the Earth’s Axis CP lies to the right hand of the Axis of the Ecliptic CH as seen from the Sun, and to the left hand while the Sun is in the other six Signs.

Earth’s Axis.
Universal Meridian.

375. Make a line of Sines equal in length to Ng or Nh, and take off with your Compasses from it the Sine of the Sun’s distance from the nearest Solstice, which in the present case is 77° 51ʹ § [367], and set that distance to the right hand, from N to P, on the line gNh, because the Sun being in Aries § [359], the Earth’s Axis lies to the right hand of the Axis of the Ecliptic § [374]: then draw the straight line CXIIP, for the Earth’s Axis and the Universal Meridian; of both which P is the North Pole.

Path of a given Place on the Disc as seen from the Sun.

376. To draw the parallel of Latitude of any given Place (suppose London) which parallel is the visible Path of the Place On the Disc, as seen from the Sun, from the time that the Sun rises till it sets; subtract the Latitude of the Place (London) 5112 degrees from 90 degrees, and there remains 3812; which take from the Line of Chords in your Compasses, and set it from h (where the Universal Meridian CP cuts the periphery of the Semi-disc) to VI and VI; and draw the occult Line VILVI. Then, on the left hand of the Earth’s Axis, set off the Chord of the Sun’s Declination 4° 48ʹ 5ʺ § [367], from VI to D and to F; set off the same on the right hand from VI to E and to G; and draw the occult Lines DsE and FXIIG parallel to VI L VI.

Situation of the Place on the Disk from Sun-rise to Sun-set.

377. Bisect s XII in K, and through the point K draw the black Line VIKV1 parallel to the occult or dotted Line VILVI. Then, making AC the Radius or length of a Line of Lines, set off the Sine of 3812 degrees, the Co-Latitude of London, from K to VI and VI; and with that extent as a Radius, describe the Semi-Circle VI 7 8 9 &c. and divide it into 12 equal parts, beginning at VI. From these divisions, draw the occult Lines 7m, 8l, 9k, &c. all to the Line VIKVI, and parallel to CXIIP. Then, with KXII as a Radius, describe the Circle abcdef, round the Center K, and divide the Quadrant aXII into six equal parts, as ab, bc, cd, de, &c. Then, through these points of division b, c, d, e, and f, draw the occult Lines VIIbV, VIIIcIIII, IXdIII, &c. intersecting the former Lines 7m, 8l, 9k, 10i, &c. in the points VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, &c. which points mark the situation of London on the Earth’s Disc as seen from the Sun at these hours respectively, from six in the morning till six at night: and if the elliptic Curve VI, VII, VIII, &c. be drawn through these points, it will represent the parallel of London, or the path it seems to describe as viewed from the Sun, from Sun-rise to Sun-set. N.B. When the Sun’s Declination is North, the said Curve is the diurnal Path of London; and the opposite part VIsVI is it’s nocturnal Path behind the Disc, or in the obscure part thereof, § [338], [339]. But if the Sun’s Declination had been South, the Curve VIsVI would have been the diurnal path of London; in which case the Lines 7m, 8l, &c. must have been continued thro’ the right Line VIKVI, and their lengths beyond that line determined by dividing the Quadrant s a of the little Circle abcd into six equal parts, and drawing the parallels VIIb, VIIIc &c. through that division, in the same manner as done on the side K XII; and the Curve VII, VIII, IX, &c. would have been the nocturnal Path. It is requisite to divide the hours of the diurnal Path into quarters, as in the Diagram; and if possible into minutes also.

Axis of the Moon’s Orbit.

378. From the Line of Chords § [372] take the Angle of the Moon’s visible Path with the Ecliptic, viz. 5° 38ʹ § [367]: and note, that when the Moon’s Latitude is North Ascending, as in the present case, the Chord of this Angle must be set off to the left hand of the Axis of the Ecliptic CH, as from H to M, and the right line CM drawn for the Axis of the Moon’s Orbit: but when the Moon’s Latitude is North Descending, this Angle and Axis must be set to the right hand, or from H toward h. When the Moon’s Latitude South Ascending, the Axis of her Orbit lies the same way as when her Latitude is North Ascending; and when South Descending, the same way as when North Descending.

Path of the Penumbra’s center over the Earth.

379. Take the Moon’s Latitude, 40ʹ 9ʺ § [367], from the Scale CA, and set it from C to T on the Axis of the Ecliptic; and through T, at right Angles to the Axis of the Moon’s Orbit CM, draw the straight Line RTS; which is the Moon’s Path, or Line that the center of her shadow and Penumbra describes in going over the Earth’s Disc. The Point T in the Axis of the Ecliptic is the Place where the true Conjunction of the Sun and Moon falls, according to the Tables; and the Point W, in the Axis of the Moon’s Orbit, is that where the center of the Penumbra approaches nearest to the center of the Earth’s Disc, and consequently the middle of the general Eclipse.

It’s Place on the Earth’s Disc shewn for every minute of it’s Transit.

380. Take the Moon’s true Horary Motion from the Sun 27ʹ 50ʺ § [367], from the Scale CA with your Compasses (every division of the Scale being a minute of a Degree) and with that extent make marks in the Line of the Moon’s Path RTS: then divide each of these equal spaces by dots into 60 equal parts or horary minutes, and set the hours to every 60th minute, in such a manner that the dot; signifying the precise minute of New Moon by the Tables, may fall in the Point T where the Axis of the Ecliptic cuts the Line of the Moon’s Path; which, in this Eclipse, is the 25th minute past ten in the Forenoon: and then the other marks will shew the places on the Earth’s Disc where the center of the Penumbra is, at the hours and minutes denoted by them, during its transit over the Earth.

Middle of the Eclipse.
It’s Phases.

381. Apply one side of a Square to the Line of the Moon’s Path, and move the Square backward or forward until the other side cuts the same hour and minute both in the Path of the Place (London, in this Construction) and Path of the Moon; and that minute, cut at the same time in both Paths, will be the precise minute of visible Conjunction of the Sun and Moon at London, and therefore the time of greatest obscuration, or middle of the Eclipse at London; which time, in this Projection, falls at t, 34 minutes past 10 in the Moon’s Path; and at u, 34 minutes past 10 in the Path of London. Then, upon the Point u as a center, describe the Circle zYy whose Radius uy is equal to the Sun’s semi-diameter 16ʹ 6ʺ § [367], taken from the Scale CA: And upon the Point t as a center, describe the Circle Hy whose Radius is equal to the Moon’s semi-diameter 14ʹ 58ʺ § [367], taken from the same Scale. The Circle zYy represents the Disc of the Sun as seen from the Earth, and the Circle Hy the Disc of the Moon. The portion of the Sun’s Disc cut off by the Moon’s shews the Quantity of the Eclipse at the time of greatest obscuration: and if a right Line as yz be drawn across the Sun’s Disc through t and u, the minute of greatest obscuration in both Paths, and divided into 12 equal parts, it will shew what number of Digits are then eclipsed. If these two Circles do not touch one another, the Eclipse will not be visible at the given Place.

It’s beginning and ending.

382. Lastly, take the Semi-diameter of the Penumbra 31ʹ 4ʺ § [367], from the Scale CA with your Compasses; and setting one foot in the Moon’s Path, to the left hand of the Axis of the Ecliptic, direct the other toward the Path of London; and carry this extent backwards or forwards until both Points of the Compasses fall into the same instants of time in both Paths: which will denote the time of the beginning of the Eclipse: then, do the same on the right hand of the Axis of the Ecliptic, and where both Points mark the same instants in both Paths, they will shew at what time the Eclipse ends. These trials give the Points R in the Moon’s Path and r in the Path of London, namely 9 minutes past 9 in the Morning for the beginning of the Eclipse at London, April 1, 1764: t and u for the middle or greatest obscuration, at 35 minutes past 10; when the Eclipse will be barely annular on the Sun’s lower-most edge, and only two thirds of a Digit left free on his upper-most edge: and for the end of the Eclipse, S in the Moon’s Path and x in the Path of London, at 4 minutes past 12 at Noon.

In this Construction it is supposed that the Equator, Tropics, Parallel of London, and Meridians through every 15th degree of Longitude are projected in visible Lines on the Earth’s Disc, as seen from the Sun at almost an infinite distance; that the Angle under which the Moon’s diameter is seen, during the time of the Eclipse, continues invariably the same; that the Moon’s motion is uniform, and her Path rectilineal, for that time. But all these suppositions do not exactly agree with the truth; and therefore, supposing the Elements § [367], given by the Tables to be perfectly accurate, yet the time and phases of the Eclipse deduced from it’s Construction will not answer exactly to what passeth in the Heavens; but may be two or three minutes wrong though done with the utmost care. Moreover, the Paths of all Places of considerable Latitude go nearer the center of the Disc as seen from the Moon than these Constructions make them; because the Earth’s Disc is projected as if the Earth were a perfect sphere, although it is known to be a spheroid. Consequently, the Moon’s shadow will go farther North in places of northern Latitude, and farther South in places of southern Latitude than these projections answer to. Hence we may venture to predict that this Eclipse will be more annular at London (that is, the annulus will be somewhat broader on the southern Limb of the Sun) than the Diagram shews it.

383. Having shewn how to compute the times and project the phases of a Solar Eclipse, we now proceed to those of the Lunar. And it has been already mentioned § [317], that when the Full Moon is within 12 degrees of either of her Nodes, she must be eclipsed. We shall now enquire whether or no the Moon will be eclipsed May 18, 1761, N. S. at 32 minutes past 10 at Night. See page [193].

[Table IV.]
[Table VI.]

s°ʹ
Sun from Node at Full Moon in March 176192527
Add his distance for two Lunations, to bring it into May2120
And his distance at Full Moon in that month is112647

Subtract this from a Circle, or 12 Signs, and there will remain 3° 13ʹ; which is all that the Sun wants of coming round to the Ascending Node; and the Moon being then opposite to the Sun, must be just as near the Descending Node: consequently, far within the limit of an Eclipse.

384. Knowing then that the Moon will be eclipsed in May 1761, we must find her true distance from the Node at that time, by applying the proper Equations as taught § [363], and then find her true Latitude as taught in that article.

[Table IV.]
[Table XIII.]
[Table XII.]

s°ʹ
Sun’s mean distance from the Node at F. Moon in May 1761112647
Add the Equation of the Node, for the Sun’s Anomaly 10s 18° 15ʹ[[85]] +6
Sun’s mean distance from the Node corrected112653
Add the Equation of the Sun’s mean Place+115
Sun’s true distance from the Ascending Node11288
To which add 6 Signs, See § [363]6
The sum is the Moon’s true distance from the same Node5288

[Pl. XII.]

Or the Argument of her Latitude; which in [Table XIV], gives the Moon’s true Latitude, viz. 9ʹ 56ʺ North Descending.

385. Having by the foregoing precepts § [355] found the true time of Opposition of the Sun and Moon in a lunar Eclipse, with the Moon’s Anomaly enter [Table XV] and take out her horizontal Parallax, also her true horary Motion and Semi-diameter: and likewise those of the Sun by his Anomaly, as already taught § [364] & seq. Then add the Sun’s horizontal Parallax, which is always 10 Seconds, to the Moon’s horizontal Parallax, and from their sum subtract the Sun’s Semi-diameter; the remainder will be the Semi-diameter of that part of the Earth’s shadow which the Moon goes through.

386. From the Sum of the Semi-diameters of the Moon and Earth’s Shadow, subtract the Moon’s Latitude; the remainder is the parts deficient. Then, as the Semi-diameter of the Moon is to 6 Digits, so are the parts deficient to the Digits eclipsed.

387. If the parts deficient be more than the Moon’s Diameter, the Eclipse will be total with continuance; if less, it will not be total; if equal, it will be total, but without continuance.

388. Now collect the Elements for projecting this Eclipse.

ʹʺ
Moon’s horizontal Parallax5532
Sun’s horizontal Parallax (always) 10
The Sum of both Parallaxes5542
From which subtract the Sun’s Semi-diameter1554
Remains the Semi-diameter of the Earth’s Shadow3948
Semidiameter of the Moon152
Sum of the two last5450
Moon’s Latitude subtract956
Remains the parts deficient450
Moon’s horary motion3046
Sun’s horary motion subtract224
Remains the Moon’s horary motion from the Sun2822

To project a lunar Eclipse.
Fig. III.

389. This done, make a Scale of any convenient length as W, whereof each division is a minute of a degree; and take from it in your Compasses 54 Minutes 50 Seconds, the Sum of Semi-diameters of the Moon and Earth’s shadow; and with that extent as a Radius, describe that Circle OVLG round C as a Center.

From the same Scale take 39 Minutes 48 Seconds, the Semi-diameter of the Earth’s shadow, and therewith as a Radius, describe the Circle UUUU for the Earth’s shadow, round C as a Center. Subtract the Moon’s Semi-diameter from the Semi-diameter of the Shadow, and with the difference 24 Minutes 46 seconds as a Radius, taken from the Scale W, describe the Circle YZ round the Center C.

Draw the right line AB through the Center C for the Ecliptic, and cross it at right Angles with the line EG for the Axis of the Ecliptic.

Because the Moon’s Latitude in this Eclipse is North Descending, § [384], set off the Angle of her visible Path with the Ecliptic 5 Degrees 38 Minutes (Page [202].) from E to V; and draw VCv for the Axis of the Moon’s Orbit. Had the Moon’s Latitude been North Ascending, this Angle must have been set off from E to f. N. B. When the Moon’s Latitude is South Ascending, the Axis of her Orbit lies the same way as when she has North Ascending Latitude; and when her Latitude is North Descending, the Axis of her Orbit lies the same way as when her Latitude is South Descending.

Take the Moon’s true Latitude 9ʹ 56ʺ in your Compasses from the Scale W, and set it off from C to F on the Axis of the Ecliptic because the Moon is north of the Ecliptic; (had she been to the South of it, her Latitude must have been set off the contrary way, as from C towards v:) and through F, at right Angles to the Axis of the Moon’s Orbit VCv, draw the right line LMHNO for the Moon’s Orbit, or her Path through the Earth’s shadow. N. B. When the Moon’s Latitude is North Ascending, or North Descending, she is above the Ecliptic: but when her Latitude is South Ascending, or South Descending, she is below it.

Take the Moon’s true horary motion from the Sun, viz. 28 Minutes 22 Seconds, from the Scale W in your Compasses; and with that extent make marks in the line of the Moon’s Path LMHNO: then divide each of these equal spaces into 60 equal parts or minutes of time: and set the hours to them as in the Figure, in such a manner that the precise time of Full Moon, as shewn by the Tables, may fall in the Axis of the Ecliptic at F, where the line of the Moon Path cuts it.

Lastly, Take the Moon’s Semi-diameter 15 Minutes 2 Seconds from the Scale W in your Compasses, and therewith as a Radius describe the Circles P, Q, R, S, and T on the Centers L, M, H, N, and O; the Circles P and T just touching the Earth’s Shadow UU, but no part of them within it; the Circles Q and S all within it, but touching at its edges; and the Circle R in the middle of the Moon’s Path through the shadow. So the Circle P shall be the Moon touching the shadow at the moment the Eclipse begins; the Circle Q the Moon just immersed into the shadow at the moment she is totally eclipsed; the Circle R the Moon at the greatest obscuration, in the middle of the Eclipse; the Circle S the Moon just beginning to be enlightened on her western limb at the end of total darkness; and the Circle T the Moon quite clear of the Earth’s shadow at the moment the Eclipse ends. The moments of time marked at the points L, M, H, N and O answer to these Phenomena: and according to this small projection are as follow. The beginning of the Eclipse at 8 Hours 36 Minutes P. M. The total immersion at 9 Hours 42 Minutes. The middle of the Eclipse at 10 Hours 26 Minutes. The end of total darkness at 11 Hours 12 Minutes. And the end of the Eclipse at 12 Hours 18 Minutes; but the Figure is too small to admit of precision.

The examination of antient Eclipses.

390. By computing the times of New and Full Moons, together with the distance of the Sun and Moon from the Nodes; and knowing that when the Sun is within 17 Degrees of either Node at New Moon he must be eclipsed; and when the Moon is within 12 Degrees of either Node at Full she cannot escape an Eclipse; and that there can be no Eclipses without these limits; ’tis easy to examine whether the accounts of antient Eclipses recorded in history be true. I shall take the liberty to examine two of those mentioned in the foregoing catalogue, namely, that of the Moon at Babylon on the 19th of March in the 721st year before Christ; and that of the Sun at Athens, on the 20th of March, in the 424th year before Christ.

The time of Full Moon for the former of these Eclipses is already calculated, Page [198], and the time of New Moon for the latter, Page [196], both to the Old Style; so that we have nothing now to do but find the Sun’s distance from the Nodes the same way as we did the Anomalies; and if the Full Moon in March 721 years before Christ was within 12 degrees of either Node, she was then eclipsed; and if the Sun, at the time of New Moon in March 424 years before Christ was within 17 degrees of either Node, he must have been eclipsed at that time.

EXAMPLE I.
To find the distance of the Sun and Moon from the Nodes, at the time of Full Moon in March, the year before Christ 721, O. S.

The years 720 added to 1780 make 2500, or 25 Centuries.

Sun from Node
s°ʹ
To the mean time of Full Moon in March 1780, Table III.1031
Add the distance for 1 Lunation [See N. B. Page [195], and Example III, Page [198]]1040
Sum11341
From which subtract the Sun’s distance from the Node for 2500 years, Table V 5411
Remains the Sun’s distance from the Node, March 19, 721 years before Christ52930
To which add 6 Signs for the Moon’s distance, because she was then in opposition to the Sun600
The Sum is the Moon’s dist. from the Ascend. Node112930

That is, she was within half a degree of coming round to it again; and therefore, being so near, she must have been totally, and almost centrally eclipsed.

EXAMPLE II
To find the Suns distance from the Node at the Time of New Moon in March, the year before Christ 424, O. S.

The years 423 added to 1777 make 2200, or 22 Centuries.

Sun from Node
s°ʹ
At the mean time of New Moon in March 1777, Tab. I.82333
From which subtract the Sun’s distance from the Node for 2200 years, Table V360
Remains the Sun’s distance from the Ascending Node, March 21, 424 years before Christ51733
Which, taken from 6 Signs, the distance of the Nodes from each other600
Leaves the Sun’s distance at that time from the Descending Node, Descending viz.01227

Which being less than 17 degrees, shews that the Sun was then eclipsed. And as from these short Calculations we find those two antient Eclipses taken at a venture, to be truly recorded; it is natural to imagine that so are all the rest in the catalogue.

Here follow Astronomical Tables, for calculating the Times of New and Full Moons and Eclipses.

Table I. The mean time of New Moon in March, the mean Anomaly of the Sun and Moon, the Sun’s mean Distance from the Ascending Node; with the mean Longitude of the Sun and Node from the beginning of the Sign Aries, at the times of all the New Moons in March for 100 years, Old Style.

Years of Christ.Mean time of New Moon in March.The Sun’s mean Anomaly.The Moon’s mean Anomaly.The Sun’s distance from the Node.The Sun’s Longitude from Aries.The Node’s Longitude from Aries.
D.H.M.s°ʹs°ʹs°ʹs°ʹs°ʹ
17012713459823028572315016342248
1702162234827391175381170520443
170367238165591741892011243731517
1704244559430823189183013022457
170513134482354736926602172611
1706222328134851254104911213411725
17072120592174183111125209570275
17081045482110228191120551129140819
170929226994823560293801737111759
1710181116828320134417400654102914
171172058172710233311543112611101028
17122517369589291022426014349208
171315225825488858322903509121
1714411148145261646310321123781235
171523846933752422419150113072215
17161117358212644114271800477329
17171223811582135955201120461444
17181923569031119366143082752424
171998458194711292462261127435537
17202761798911518049016641517
17211615682725914498852052332631
1722523558164172438816551124403745
1723242127953701592538013421726
17241361682419510310341022212841
1725215481345319511011431121391956
1726211237915722528112026010301937
17271021268211315161128291129200051
1728281858993501053171301743111030
1729183478285110204111515070102145
173071236818790291231811261710259
17312610896298663210144091239
173214185782545615543103035782354
1733434581449425433186112314857
17342311893254120426490113771448
173512107822392118545200546261
17363073901111164561335019176542
173719162890111263362138083451656
173891178193310621629421127514289
17392722499755911588824016144750
17401673882711721468162705303193
174151626816276134824301124473016
17422413599449571110312013102958
1743132248824531659101115022712112
1744273681321126481019181121441225
17452159914312251128001070127
174610135882059111213063112944112320
1747291130992110175011445017471132
1748172019828378273812249074101415
1749758817537726205311262192528
17502624096156133393501444959
175115112982532422513173804181623
175232017 8144732393254111231872737
1753221750931028165424011417717
17541223982226018451227005961832
175511127811411027525203011 201652945
17561990904103306291308395927
17578174981920813187101511275642041
175827152197427185581558016194021
17591701082658528438241053631136
1760585881613483192411245322249
17612463194353148101047013162229
17621315198235212356101851023311344
17633088137034410265311215002457
17642021419129119210536010130437
17651063082046919901338112930111552
17662942998824461222101753102532
17671812518282474352024071010647
176862139817395142328271126279181
1769251912962420031700145082741
177015418251722948325120478856
17714124981433193643161123247208
1772221022925601513511490114762948
1773111910822111025152010146113
17741359811279449528411202152217
177520132829508102676408445157
177681020819562014714501128141312
177727753972752551823230162432252
177816164282643454091360541346
177961308155921528993911245821519
178023233942112151018220132112459
17811375282337005310262402381614
178221640812531010411142711215401727
1783211413911591618013100101711277
178492328203272660211311293411822
178528203598547143129560175710182
1786185238289511312759071492916
1787714118172532119216211263191029
178825114495472265632445014548209
178914203382531645424704118125
17904521814191116334105011232871238
1791232549241102210519330115162218
1792111143821579158527560176332
1793020318111271145653911202451445
179419184829356172371422084842427
17959252818514271172225112864541
179627025971342489180162931521
17971691482629212369910054622636
17985182815440222491713112532750
1799241535946112811025560132611730
180013024823231074911359024302844

Table II. The mean New Moons, &c. in March to the New Style.

Years of Christ.Mean time of New Moon in March.The Sun’s mean Anomaly.The Moon’s mean Anomaly.The Sun’s distance from the Node.The Sun’s Longitude from Aries.The Node’s Longitude from Aries.
D.H.M.s°ʹs°ʹs°ʹs°ʹs°ʹ
17534567421122743441112357850
17542323982226018451227005961832
1755121127811411027525202911201652945
17563090903103296291208395927
17571917498191981317771511275642041
1758923788356235715181117134154
1759280982658528438241053631136
17601685881614483192411245322249
176157478529218199109111410241
17622415198235212356101851023311344
176314088137034410265311215002457
17642857822310133211457111170610
17652163082046919901338112930111552
17661015188101728580214111184710275
17672912518282374352023071010647
1768172139817395142328261126279181
176976288655324112162911154482915
177026418251822948325110478856
177115124981433193643161123247208
1772321388349111924411191112417122
1773221910822111025152010146113
177412359811279449528411202152217
177511248804371437667119385330
1776191020819562014714501128141312
1777819988215027225311171832425
177827164282643454091360541346
1779171308155921528993911245821519
1780510198515025169174211141512632
17812475282337005310262402381614
1782131640812531010411142711215401727
1783312982882029111230111111112840
1784202328203272660211311293411822
1785107508947655402916111851101935
1786295238289511312759071492916
17871814118172532119216211263191029
178862308641217224511154882143
178925203382531645424704118125
179015521814191116334105011232871238
1791414108334926214185311124462351
1792221143821579158527360176332
1793112031811 1271145653911202451445
1794162080295213461342119224715
179520252818514271172225112864541
1796811418863659802811172331654
17972791482629212369910054622636
179816182815440222491713112532750
1799625185011212925161114201193
180025024823231074911359024302844

Table III. The mean time of Full Moon in March, the mean Anomaly of the Sun and Moon, the Sun’s mean Distance from the Ascending Node; with the mean Longitude of the Sun and Node from the beginning of the Sign Aries, at the time of all the Full Moons in March for 100 years, Old Style.

Years of Christ.Mean time of Full Moon in March.The Sun’s mean Anomaly.The Moon’s mean Anomaly.The Sun’s distance from the Node.The Sun’s Longitude from Aries.The Node’s Longitude from Aries.
D.H.M.s°ʹs°ʹs°ʹs°ʹs°ʹ
170112192382356615117755013042335
17022412813642459715571120474448
1703211459128403582440091031430
1704910338195721024924311282722543
1705288698271160101126016502525
17061716548281111254810192906711638s
17077143817441053710273211252402751
17082423169543911140615013470733
1709148482515721201418034111846
171031654813596050022211122211100
171122142792056272130104410942
1712102314820353161629600192055
1713292047910212215231748018239035
17141953682925114032553074081148
171581424819411112843561126577231
17162611579559017551238015207243
17171520458263118265352041043761356
171855348155876425284411235452510
171924379420612187726012175452
17201211558233642277152901344165
1721120448125231557233211205132718
172220181791142732921509143659
1723103582030017219101811283121812
1724280389852112257101900165512755
1725179268281810245102730612199
1726618158172481234115611253002023
17272515489546718100134901353005
172814036825252759021520310111118
1729392581418474702955112227102232
17302265892403132328380105010213
173111154682156123122164100791326
1732291319910180284832523018308238
1733182278292211837432607478421
173486568185091826411291127471534
17352742997128242520120152762515
17361513178262973515281504446629
17374226815445133966181124151742
17382319399464191571510122442724
173913427823222294723401414837
17401131681238185281711205731950
1741201048910014289949092022930
174291937820161024179175211283721044
1743281710983892953102635017012026
1744171588275489421143806171139
174561047817106193111124111253401252
174625819953252570212401357112234
17471417882448445602927031411347
17483157814421444173011223110150
1749212330922612020216120105492442
175011818821420092241500119559
17513055191051154542580183481537
175218143982920915334111075172650
1753723187183572521419411278784
17542621196597058727470153261745
1755165498261451046654904495290
1756414388153032035613521124651014
1757231211935322612725350122941954
17581220598238155980380146419
175925478122511154888411121331222
17602032090461021259172409262222
1761912982029113925271128432316
1762289419825865011411017611257
17631718308274061638111213062302411
1764631981656426261120161125400524
176525052951942302858014311155
17661494082434211521710320102620
1767718298135002141115411223710734
176821161921211271722347011091714
1769110508212810793149001782828
17700939810448165739521119548942
17711971182967223041836075771921
17727160818226218426391127147035
17732613329644575565210153761016
177415222182603174361324045452131
177557108151612731621271124115244
177623442933813880100123441225
1777121331822541112568813015182330
177812220812109224581616112183452
177920195290328282292459093121432
17809441819487810103111284812547
17812821498961347111144017111527
178219112827284233411194706270641
178361951816443323112750112544112754
17842417249542901635014711735
1785142128242001848114360324101848
1786311181336102837122391122411002
178722833915710413312201149942
17881017228211481423925002182057
17892914559936719394187018448038
179018234382852529274261008171151
179188328188491554131127176234
1792266596203145261256015406245
1793151453825461244062059045851359
17944234281520429629211241542513
17952321149314111058745012394454
1796126382239919538154801563168
17971145281155729428235011211322723
17982012249077518102330936273
17999211381933515610103611285311818
18002718469746420431119190171602757

Table IV. The mean Full Moons, &c. in March to the New Style.

Years of Christ.Mean time of Full Moon in March.The Sun’s mean Anomaly.The Moon’s mean Anomaly.The Sun’s distance from the Node.The Sun’s Longitude from Aries. The Node’s Longitude from Aries.
D.H.M.s°ʹs°ʹs°ʹs°ʹs°ʹ
17531823187183572521419411278784
1754881777536510427711162661918
1755275498261451046654904495290
17561514388153032035613521124651014
175742327843620236215511132342127
17582320598238155980380146419
1759135478122511154888411121331222
1760114368141925378164411102022335
17612012982029113925271128432316
17629205789197112103311118011429
17632818308274061638111213062302411
17641731981656426261120161125400524
1765612886133615112819111457111638
17662594082434211521710320102620
17671818298135002141115411223710733
1768331783611129123711115491846
1769220508212810753149001782828
177011939815458165439521119348942
17713071182967223041836075771921
177218160818226218426391127147035
1773804887384127544211163161149
177426222182603174361324045452131
1775167108151612731621271124115244
177641558843207206293011132841358
1777231331822541112568813015132339
1778122220812109224581616112183452
177927881268234824191110252165
178020441819487810103111284812547
178191330894517591011411185170
1782281128272842334111947062701641
1783171951816443323112750112544112754
178464408559113120553111511197
1785252128242001848114360324101848
17861411181336102837122391122411002
17873194982529825204211115891115
17882117228211481423925002182057
1789112118103062351317281119388210
179029234382852529274261008171151
1791198328188491554131127176234
17927172187242194512161116346417
1793261453825461244062059045851359
179415234281520429629211241542513
179558308418101417775013324626
1796236382239919538154801563168
179712145281155729428235011211322723
1798123408111693091531110302836
179920211381933515610103611285311818
1800106288503245510183911181002931

Tab. V. The first mean Conjunction of the Sun and Moon after a compleat Century, beginning with March, for 5000 years 10 days 7 hours 56 minutes (in which time there are just 61843 mean Lunations) with the mean Anomaly of the Sun and Moon, the Sun’s mean distance from the Ascending Node, and the mean Long. of the Sun and Node from the beginning of the sign Aries, at the times of all those mean Conjunctions.

Centuries of Julian Years.First Conjunction after a Century.The Sun’s mean Anomaly.The Moon’s mean Anomaly.The Sun’s distance from the Node.The Sun’s Longitude from Aries.The Node’s Longitude from Aries.
D.H.M.s°ʹs°ʹs°ʹs°ʹs°ʹ
10048110321815224192705241425
20081622064250449855010482851
300130330103116612822015611316
40017843013241012861749020852741
5002116540164661650117160251010126
60026150207321232644101222632
70002032112422102145715310677924
80054431127437770458011911 2349
900912540143222942425016124813
10001321504250751913530211482239
110018516074682313232002616174
12002213260117583562247111852129
13002621370142812357111215162010555
14001174111843913303120121521847
15006115112245285272029017177312
16001092611252521414095602219111737
17001417371128461029364292302722422
1800191480287145891851122481627
19002395805294020281817261052
200027189085001542627451122851517
210021336111358515101632018249288
220062147111626420373600232621234
2300115581119471559725270282862659
2400151491123892121014541330111124
250019222011262966435411183232549
2600246311129502224923491133581014
27002814410311111726213161183702439
280031081172662659623024315733
290071819111047312211021300293392158
300012230111481127433105814352623
3100161041111730813581025193762048
320020185211205142827019521143911513
330025331124111134959201194131939
3400291114112732929119284712443844
35004641111475184411734104101653
3600814521145824667115425119
37001223311891019281026281104391545
380017714111120745031555115452010
39002115251114314201285221204761435
40002523361117421534024491254910290
41000193102256825741336104531251
420053141026175102993316477616
430091125102937125511123011148112539
4400131936112581011136157116514104
45001834611618626351021241215382931
46002211571193931115310511265511356
4700262071112591127198016215752819
48001153410171471652111941753101111
490052345102035421448301125522535
5000107561023560173682757117577100

Table VI. The mean Anomaly of the Sun and Moon, the Sun’s mean distance from the Ascending Node, with the mean Longitude of the Sun and Node from the beginning of the Sign Aries, for 13 mean Lunations.

Lunations.Mean Lunations.The Sun’s mean Anomaly.The Moon’s mean Anomaly.The Sun’s motion from the Node.The Sun’s mean Motion.The Node’s retrograde Motion.
D.H.M.s°ʹs°ʹs°ʹs°ʹs°ʹ
1291244029602549104002960134
2591281281312138212012813038
38814122271921727321227190441
411825632626313164241326260615
5147154425324955321425320749
6177424524385454641524380923
720617862344604374426234501057
8236552722506263285227225101231
926518368215772221962821580144
1029572192138181010642921401538
1132420510209913591172210201001712
123548491119161094808311191701846
133832133018221153718430182302020

The first, second, third, and fourth Tables may be continued, by means of the sixth, to any length of time: for, by adding 12 Lunations to the mean time of the New or Full Moon which happens next after the 11th day of March, and then, casting out 365 days in common years, and 366 days in leap-years, we have the mean time of New or Full Moon in March the following year. But when the mean New or Full Moon happens on or before the 11th of March, there must be 13 Lunations added to carry it to March again. The Anomalies, Sun’s distance from the Node, and Longitude of the Sun, are found the same way, by adding them for 12 or 13 Lunations. But the retrograde Motion of the Node for these Lunations must be subtracted from it’s longitude from Aries in March, to have it’s Longitude or Place in the March following.

Table VII. The number of Days, reckoned from the beginning of March, answering to the Days of all the mean New and Full Moons.

Days.March.April.May.June.July.August.September.October.November.December.January.February.
11326293123154185215246276307338
22336394124155186216247277308339
33346495125156187217248278309340
44356596126157188218249279310341
55366697127158189219250280311342
66376798128159190220251281312343
77386899129160191221252282313344
883969100130161192222253283314345
994070101131162193223254284315346
10104171102132163194224255285316347
11114272103133164195225256286317348
12124373104134165196226257287318349
13134474105135166197227258288319350
14144575106136167198228259289320351
15154676107137168199229260290321352
16164777108138169200230261291322353
17174878109139170201231262292323354
18184979110140171202232263293324355
19195080111141172203233264294325356
20205181112142173204234265295326357
21215282113143174205235266296327358
22225383114144175206236267297328359
23235484115145176207237268298329360
24245585116146177208238269299330361
25255686117147178209239270300331362
26265787118148179210240271301332363
27275888119149180211241272302333364
28285989120150181212242273303334365
29296090121151182213243274304335366
30306191122152183214244275305336
313192153184245306337

Table VIII. The Moon’s annual Equation.

Sun’s Ano.SubtractSun’s Ano.
012345
S.S.S.S.S.S.
D.M.M.M.M.M.M.D.
00111822191130
10111922191129
21111922181028
31111922181027
41121922181026
5212192218925
6212192118924
7313202117923
8313202117822
9313202117821
10414202117820
11414202116719
12414202116718
13514202116617
14515202116616
15515212115615
16615212115514
17615212115513
18616212115512
19716212014411
20716212014410
2171621201439
2281721201338
2381721201337
2491721201326
2591721201325
2691821201224
27101821191213
28101821191212
29101822191101
30111822191100
Sun’s Ano.11109876Sun’s Ano.
S.S.S.S.S.S.
Add

Table IX. Equation of the Moon’s mean Anomaly.

Sun’s Anom.AddSun’s Anom.
012345
S.S.S.S.S.S.
°ʹʹʹʹʹʹ°
00101720171030
10101720171029
2111172017928
3111182017927
4111182017926
5212182017925
6212182016824
7212182016823
8312182016822
9312192016721
10313192016720
11413192015719
12413192015618
13413191915617
14514191915616
15514191914515
16514191914514
17614191914513
18615191914412
19615201913411
20715201913410
2171520191339
2271620191338
2381620191237
2481620181226
2581620181225
2691620181114
2791720181113
2891720181112
29101720181001
30101720171000
Sun’s Anom.11109876Sun’s Anom.
S.S.S.S.S.S.
Subtract

Table X. The Moon’s elliptic Equation.

Moon’s Ano.AddMoon’s Ano.
012345
SignsSignsSignsSignsSignsSigns
°H.M.H.M.H.M.H.M.H.M.H.M.°
000449889273241430
1010457812917274629
2020558169072235828
303051382085971735027
404052182485871234226
50505298288577633425
6105378318557032624
711054583485365431823
812055383785164831022
9130618408496423221
101406984384763625320
1115061684584463024519
122062384784162423718
1321063084983861822917
1422063785183561122116
152306448538326421215
162406518558295572314
1725065885782655015413
18307485982354314512
193107109082053613611
203197169181652912710
21328722928125221199
2233772892885151118
23346733938458137
243557389380510546
2544743947564540455
26413748947524460364
27422753947474380273
28431758937424300182
294408393737422091
304498892732414000
Moon’s Ano.11109876Moon’s Ano.
SignsSignsSignsSignsSignsSigns
Subtract

Table XI. The Sun’s Equation at the time of New and Full Moon.

Sun’s Anom.SubtractSun’s Anom.
012345
SignsSignsSignsSignsSignsSigns
°H.M.H.M.H.M.H.M.H.M.H.M.°
000144323323514830
104147333323314529
207150353323214228
3011153373323013827
40141573933225813526
50182031033125613125
60222331233125412824
70252631433125212423
80292831633025012122
903221131743024811721
1003621431833024511420
1104021731932924311119
120432203203292401718
130472223213282371417
140502253223272351016
1505422832332623205615
1605723032432522905214
171023232532422604913
181423532632322304512
191723832732222104111
2011124032832121803810
211142433283202150349
221172453293192120308
231212473293182100267
24124249330317270236
25128251330315240195
26131254331313210154
271342573313111580113
2813825933139155072
291413133237152041
301443233235148000
Sun’s Anom.11109876Sun’s Anom.
SignsSignsSignsSignsSignsSigns
Add

Table XII. Equation of the Sun’s mean Place.

Sun’s Anom.SubtractSun’s Anom.
012345
SignsSignsSignsSignsSignsSigns
°°ʹ°ʹ°ʹ°ʹ°ʹ°ʹ°
00005714015614205930
10205914115614105729
2041014215614005628
3061114315613905427
4081214415613805226
50101414515613605025
60121614515613504824
70141714615513404623
80161914715513304422
901811014815513204221
1002011214815413004120
1102211414915412903919
1202411515015412803718
1302611715115312603517
1402811815115312503316
1503012015215212303115
1603112115215212202914
1703312215315112102713
1803512415315111902512
1903712515415011802311
2003912715414911602110
210411281551491140199
220431291551481130178
230451301551471110147
240461321561461100126
25048133156146180105
2605013415614516084
2705213515614515063
2805413615614413042
2905513815614311021
30057140156142059000
Sun’s Anom.11109876Sun’s Anom.
SignsSignsSignsSignsSignsSigns
Add

Table XIII. Equation of the Moon’s Nodes.

Sun’s Ano.SubtractSun’s Ano.
012345
S.S.S.S.S.S.
°ʹʹʹʹʹʹ°
0058108530
1058108529
2058108528
3058108427
4158108426
5158108425
6169108424
716998423
816998422
916997321
1026997320
1126997319
1226997318
1326997317
1427997316
1527997315
1627997214
1737997213
1837996212
1937996211
2037996210
213799629
224799618
234899617
244899616
254899615
2648109514
2748109513
2848108502
2958108501
3058108500
Sun’s Ano.11109876Sun’s Ano.
S.S.S.S.S.S.
Add

The above titles, Add and Subtract, are right when the Equation is applied to the Sun’s mean distance from the Node; but when it is applied to the mean place of the Node, the titles must be changed.

Tab. XIV. The Moon’s latitude in Eclipses.

Argument of Latit.
Moon fr. the Node.Sig. 0 N. A.
Sig. 6 S. D.
°°ʹʺ°
000030
1051529
20103028
30154427
40205926
50261325
60312624
70363923
80415122
9047221
100521320
110572319
12123118
13173817
141124416
151174915
161225214
171275313
181325412
N. D. Sig. 5Moon fr. the Node.
S. A. Sig. 11
Argument of Latit.

This Table extends no farther than the limits of Eclipses. N. A. signifies North Ascending Lat. S. A. South Ascending; N. D. North Descending; and S. D. South Descending.

Table XV. The Moons Horizontal Parallax; the Semidiameters and true Horary motions of the Sun and Moon.

Anomaly of the Sun and Moon.Moon’s Horizontal Parallax.Sun’s Semidiameter.Moon’s Semidiamet.Moon’s horary Mot.Sun’s horary Mot.Anomaly of the Sun and Moon.
s°ʹʺʹʺʹʺʹʺʹʺs°
005459155014543010223120
65459155014553012223 24
12550155014563015223 18
18554155114573018223 12
245511155114583026223 6
105520155214593034223110
6553015531513044224 24
12554013541543055224 18
1855511555158319224 12
24560155615123123225 6
205611155815173140225100
65624155915223158226 24
12564116115263217227 18
18571216215303239227 12
24573016415363311228 6
3057491661541332322890
6581016815463347229 24
12583116915523411229 18
185852161115583434229 12
24591116131633458230 6
4059301614169352223080
65952161516143545231 24
1260916171619360231 18
186026161916243620232 12
246040162016283640232 6
5060541621163137023270
6614162116343710233 24
126111162216373719233 18
186116162216383728233 12
246120162316393736233 6
60612416231639374023360

The gradual increase or decrease of the above numbers being so small, it is sufficient to have them to every sixth degree; the proportions for the intermediate degrees being easily made by sight.

Table XVI. The Sun’s mean Motion and Anomaly.

Years of Christ beginningSun’s mean Longitude from Aries.Sun’s mean Anomaly.
s°ʹʺs°ʹ
O.S.197531062954
1301917423061658
1401918275061559
1501919131061459
1601919583061359
1701920435061259
N.S.175391016526138
18019939396010
Old Style to the beginning of A. D. 1753; then New StyleYears of Christ compleatSun’s mean Motion.Sun’s mean Anomaly.
s°ʹʺs°ʹ
111294540112945
211293120112929
31129170112914
400149112958
511294729112942
61129339112927
711291849112911
800338112955
911294918112940
1011293458112924
111129203811299
1200526112953
131129517112937
1411293647112922
151129222711297
1600715112950
1711295255112935
1811293835112920
191129241611294
200094112948
4000188112936
60002712112924
80003616112912
10000452011290
20001304011281
3000216011271
4000312011261
50003464011252
6000432011242
70005172011232
8000624011223
9000648011213
100007332011203
200001564011107
300002240011010
4000101320102013
5000174640101016
600011520010019
MonthsSun’s mean Motion.Sun’s mean Anomaly.
s°ʹʺs°ʹ
Jan.0000000
Feb.1033181033
Mar.1289111289
Apr.228423022842
May.328164032817
June428495842850
July52824852824
Aug.628572662857
Sep.729304472930
Oct.8294548294
Nov.929381292937
Dec.10291222102911
Days.Sun’s mean Motion and Anomaly.
s°ʹʺ
100598
2015817
3025725
4035633
5045542
6055450
7055358
807537
9085215
10095123
110105032
120114940
130124848
140134757
15014475
160154613
170164522
180174430
190184338
200194247
210204155
22021413
230224012
240233920
250243828
260253737
270263645
280273553
29028352
300293410
31103318

In Leap-years, after February, add one Day and one Day’s motion.