APPENDIX.
[APPENDIX.]
On page 51, I speak of the Plains as the great stock-raising and dairy region of America, in the future. As some evidence of how fast this prophecy is becoming fact, I append the following extracts from an article by Dr. H. Latham, in the Omaha Herald of June 5, 1870:
"Demonstrated Facts.—The season of 1870 has been a memorable one in the stock business on the Plains. It commenced in doubt, but closes with unlimited confidence in the complete practicability and profits of stock-growing and winter grazing.
"Increase of Cattle in the West.—The number of cattle in the country west of the Missouri River and east of the Snowy Range, is now double, if not four times larger than in 1869. Its present magnitude and future prospects entitle it to a full share of public attention.
"Shipments of Beef to Eastern Markets.—Two years ago our beef and cattle were brought from the East. To-day, cattle-buyers from Chicago and New York are stopping at every station on our railroads, and buying cattle in all our valleys for Eastern consumption. It is safe to predict that 15,000 head of beeves will be shipped from our valleys East the present season. During the past week I have visited some of the great herds on the Plains, and will give your readers an account of them.
"The Great Herds.—The herds of Edward Creighton, Charles Hutton, and Thomas Alsop, are grazed on the Big Laramie, which is a tributary of the North Platte. The Laramie Valley is between the Black Hills and the Medicine-Bow Range. It is about one hundred miles long and thirty miles wide. It is about midway in this valley, and six miles from the railroad station at Laramie, that these gentlemen have located their stock ranches. They have extensive houses, stables, and corrals. As we leave the station on a beautiful August morning (which is characterized by the clearest of blue skies and golden sunlight), you see Mount Agassiz directly in front of you, while Mount Dix and Mount Dodge, with snow-covered tops, are respectively on the right and left.
"We follow up the Laramie on a smooth road, which is like rolling the wheels over a floor. We follow the windings of the stream, which is clear as crystal, and pure as the snow from which its waters have just come. We first come to a herd of 4,000, half and three-quarter, breed cows; that is, there are none more than one-half Texan, and many only one-fourth. They are known among cattle dealers as short-horned Texas cattle. There are 3,600 calves in this herd, that are from three-eighths to one-half Durham. These cows have been here on the Plains one winter and two summers. All the dry cows are exceedingly fat, and many of the cows, with calves by their sides, are good beef. In this herd are many two-year-olds and yearlings, all fat for the butcher, so far as their condition is concerned. In all this herd there are as many as 9,000 head of cattle—4,000 cows, 3,600 calves, 1,000 two-year-olds, and 500 yearlings.
"Their Habits.—They range over a country fifteen by twenty miles. The cows and calves run together the year around, and, in fact, are never separated, but run in families of four, generally, cow, calf, yearling, and two-year-old. They are to be found on the river bottoms in the middle of the day, where they had come about 11 o'clock for water. They return about 4 o'clock in the afternoon to the high grounds, where the rich bunch and the nutritious gramma grasses are abundant, and feed till night, and lie down on the warm sandy soil till next morning, when they feed till the heat of the day. It is interesting to see the habits of these cattle when unrestrained by herders. They travel back and forth to the water and grazing-ground in families and little herds, in single file, like their predecessors of the soil, the buffalo, forming deep paths, or trails, like them. After having spent three or four hours looking at this herd, we pass up the river to the beef herd, which consists of 3,500 fat Texas cattle, in the very highest order at which grass-fed cattle arrive in this world. These cattle have been here one or two seasons, and will weigh, upon an average, live weight, 1,300 pounds. They could all be sold to-day for Eastern markets at good figures. They have yet three months of good weather to fatten this season, when, with 5,000 more, bought by these enterprising men, and on their way here, they will be sold East, or slaughtered and sent East in the quarter.
"There is, still higher up the stream, and nearer the mountains, a stock herd of yearlings and two-year-olds, that occupy our time for an hour or two.
"Blooded Stock Cattle.—Then we cross over to Sand Creek, a small branch of the Laramie, and see the herd of American cattle, which, including Hutton's and Alsop's, numbers 400, mostly cows. They are as fine stock as can be found anywhere. Among this herd are several fine-graded Durham bulls, and two thoroughbreds that were bought in Ohio at high prices. These parties are owners of 300 blooded bulls, from which the finest calves are being raised by the cross between them and the graded Texan cow. It is interesting for the stock man to see these calves, which show the Durham so clearly in every instance—another proof of the general law that the stronger and better blooded of the two races will give form and impress to the progeny. This fact is remarkably illustrated in these herds—the second and third crosses leaving no trace of the Texan blood.
"Here, on this ranch, are 300 brood mares, and some young stock, yearling and two-year-old colts, which have been raised here, and have never been fed nor sheltered. They are as large and fine colts as are raised anywhere. These brood mares and colts are herded, but never stabled nor fed winters.
"Sheep.—We next proceed to these flocks of sheep, which in all number more than 10,000 head, besides the lambs—of these there are 3,000—making in all 13,000. Some of these are from New Mexico, but the great majority are from Iowa, and are fine Merino sheep. They will average fully five pounds of wool per head. Ample shelters have been provided them in case of storm. Much the larger number of these flocks are ewes. The owners expect to raise 6,000 lambs, and to shear 65,000 pounds of wool next year.
"These parties have about five miles of fence, inclosing hay grounds, pastures for riding stock, and other purposes. They have, in all, more than $300,000 invested here, which is a sufficient commentary upon their enterprise, foresight, and courage. They are the great stock princes of the mountains. Of all living men they have done most to solve this question of winter grazing.
"We next proceed to the Little Laramie, where Messrs. Mautle & Bath have 400 head of American and half-breed stock; they are at the old stage-road crossing, and have some fine blooded stock. Above them, behind Sheep Mountain, directly under the white top of Mount Dodge, named after General Dodge, on the head of the Little Laramie, is a valley twenty miles long and ten miles wide, divided about equally by the north, middle, and south forks of that stream. These are rapid running streams that never freeze in winter. They have groves of timber on their banks and bottom lands furnishing shade in summer and shelter in winter. This valley is a pocket in the mountains, having only one point of ingress, and no egress but by the same way. Here are 2,900 cattle owned by Lambard & Gray, of New York, Captain Coates of the Army, and the subscriber. Three men are able to herd them, from the nature of the valley, and it is certainly a cattle paradise. Of this herd, 1,200 are cows, 700 two-year-olds, 300 yearlings, and 700 calves. This stock is short-horned Texan, and a good lot of stock cattle.
"Iliff's Herds on Crow Greek.—After leaving this herd, we take a three-hours' run on the railroad, which takes us across the Black Hills to Cheyenne, which is the headquarters of J. W. Iliff. His cattle range is down Crow Creek to the Platte, twenty to thirty miles. On this grazing ground he has 6,700 cattle, classed as follows: 3,500 beeves, 2,000 cows, and 1,200 calves. The stock cattle are half-breeds, except yearlings and calves, which he has raised, and which show the Durham cross. The beeves are heavy, fat cattle, ranging in live weight from 1,200 to 1,400 pounds. This whole range down Crow Creek, from Cheyenne to the Platte, affords the best of grasses, and the creek bluffs shelter the stock completely from storms. Mr. Iliff has been the owner of great herds of cattle in the last twelve years, and is firm in the faith that this is the place to raise beef for Eastern markets. His cattle have sold in Chicago market from five to six cents per pound, live weight, this season. The whole 3,500 head of beeves will be shipped East this fall. Mr. Iliff is another of those who have demonstrated to the world that we have winter grazing, and in so doing he has made a fortune. Long may such men live to enjoy their fortunes!
"On the other side of the Platte, on the Bijou, are the herds of the Patterson Brothers, Reynolds, and John Hitson. These herds number 8,000 head of cattle, 6,000 of them being beef-cattle. The Patterson Brothers are great cattle-raisers and dealers. They own ranches on the Arkansas River, at Bent's Old Fort, and on the Pecos River, below Fort Sumner, in New Mexico. They have handled hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of cattle in the last five years.
"John Hitson is another of the great cattle-raisers and dealers in New Mexico. His herds are numbered by the thousands. His operations are transferred to Colorado now, and so are those of the Patterson Brothers. On Box-Elder Creek, which is a branch of the Caché la Poudre, is the ranch and stock range of Mr. Whitcombe, an old settler of Colorado. He has 2,000 stock cattle and some fine blooded bulls. This range and shelter are perfect.
"Reed & Wyatt, on the Platte, nearer Denver, have 1,000 head of stock and beef cattle. They are about adding largely to their number.
"Farwell Brothers, Greeley, have 200 head of fine American cattle.
"Baily, on the south side of the Platte from Greeley, has 400 head of Durham and Devon stock, and 2,000 sheep.
"Geary, on the Platte, has 300 head of American cattle.
"The Lemons, at Greeley, have 400 head of American stock. In this neighborhood, Ashcraft has 400 head of American cattle; Munson has 800 head of cattle and 3,000 sheep. Up the Caché la Poudre are twenty large stock-raisers.
"On the Big and Little Thompson's there are some five herds of blooded stock.
"After you leave Evans and go south towards Denver, the whole country seems one pasture covered with stock. I travelled over this same ground in 1869, and I am sure there are fully three times as many cattle here now as then. There are hundreds of farmers on the Lone-Tree Creek, Caché la Poudre, Big and Little Thompson's Creeks, St. Vrain's, and many other streams which flow from the mountains to the Platte, who have from one hundred to one thousand head of cattle, a description of whose herds and grazing grounds would take too much space in an article of this kind.
"Shipments of Cattle West.—Colorado has sold an immense number of cattle this season to Montana, Idaho, Nevada, and Utah. It is safe to say that Montana will receive twenty thousand head of cattle during the season of 1870, four-fifths of which are from Colorado. Many have gone to Utah, Nevada, and Idaho from the same source, and yet, ten years ago, the commercial and stock-growing people of the East did not know that Colorado contained a thousand acres of grass land. To-day they have no idea of the magnitude of her grazing resources.
"Leaving Colorado, we find some herds along the base of the Black Hills.
"North of Cheyenne.—H. Kelly, on the 'Chug,' has 500 stock cattle. He sold 100 head of American beeves at $70 per head.
"Messrs. Ward & Bullock, at Fort Laramie, have 200 head of American cattle.
"Adolph Cluny, so long a resident on the North Platte, has a herd of 1,000 stock cattle between Forts Laramie and Fetterman.
"Between Cheyenne and Sidney, on the line of the railroad, there are several small herds. At Sidney are the Moore Brothers, who have 12,000 sheep and lambs, and 1,400 cattle; 400 of the latter are American and very fine. The sheep sheared an average of five pounds of wool per head last spring. They are graded Merinos, and are in fine condition. There is no disease among them. The Moore Brothers were ranchmen on the South Platte, prior to the day of railroads, and are about returning to that stream for grazing. Their place is the Valley Station of olden fame on the stage road. Above them, on the Platte, at the old 'Junction,' Mr. Mark Boughton has 2,500 stock cattle. He has as fine a cattle range as there is in the world, not excluding the Pampas of South America nor table-lands of Australia.
"Farther down the Platte, at O'Fallon's Bluffs, on the north side of the South Platte, Creighton & Parks have 3,500 stock cattle, 400 of which are Durhams. They range twenty miles up and down the Platte. Near them, below, is the herd of Mr. Keith, of North Platte Station, who has about 1,000 head.
"Mr. M. H. Brown has 500 head of stock cattle and beeves near the same place.
"Across the Platte, in the neighborhood of Fort McPherson, the Bent Brothers have 1,000 head of stock cattle, and will add another 1,000 the present season.
"Messrs. Carter & Coe have a large herd near there, which numbers near a thousand.
"Mr. Benjamin Gallagher has 1,200 head at the old Gilman ranch, twelve miles from McPherson.
"Progress this Season.—More real progress has been made in stock matters west of the Missouri this season than in all time before. We have not only added to the numbers of our herds and flocks, but we have given confidence to all our stock-growers and to Eastern people in the permanency and profit of grazing in the Trans-Missouri country.
"We are now in easy reach of Eastern markets. The railways are landing the heaviest cattle in Chicago from the Rocky Mountains at $9 and $10 per head; we can sell thousands and tens of thousands annually to the Pacific slope, and there is still an all-absorbing home demand to stock our thousands of valleys.
"The Future.—As every country in the West receives a new emigrant, and his plow turns the grass under, that corn and wheat may grow in its stead, the range of the stock-grower is that much contracted, and the area of grazing lessened. By reason of the high value of lands for grain-growing purposes the people of the country east of the Mississippi River are already coming to us for beef and mutton. Chicago and New York people are enjoying the juicy steaks from cattle fattened on our nutritious grasses that grow in our valleys and on our mountain-sides, close up to the perpetual snows of the Rocky Mountains.
"As immigration takes up more and more of the pastures east of us for grain, drovers will be obliged more and more to come to us for beef. Texas, the great hive of cattle, has received three hundred thousand settlers this season. The grazing area of that State has been lessened at least a million acres thereby. Everywhere events point to this Trans-Missouri country as the future dependence of the East for wool, beef, mutton, and horses."
Page 60.—The following article, clipped from the New-York Times, contains so much valuable information, bearing on the question of Irrigation, as related to the Plains and the great Internal Basin of the Continent, that I venture to insert it here. It seems to be a careful resumé of the facts that were brought before the notable Convention of Governors and others, that met in Denver in the autumn of '73, to consider the question of a general and comprehensive system of irrigation for all that region:
WATER SUPPLY FOR THE GREAT PLAINS REQUIRED.
Correspondence of the New-York Times.
Denver, Colorado, Friday, Oct. 17, 1873.
It is a fact, perhaps not generally considered, that the ninety-ninth meridian of longitude west from Greenwich, the meridian of Fort Kearney on the Platte, and Fort Hays, marks a division line in the physical geography of the continent. Here the prairies merge into the great plains, and the abundant rain-fall of eastern meridians ceases. West of this line lies one-half of the area of the United States, all of which, excepting a small strip on the shores of the Pacific, is without sufficient rain-fall for the cultivation of the soil. This great arid region comprises more than two-thirds of Kansas and Nebraska, a large portion of California, Oregon, Washington, and Texas, and nearly all of Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, New Mexico, Idaho, Montana, Arizona, Nevada, and Dakota. Here are one million square miles of barren country, and the question is, What shall we do with it?
The keen interest felt in this matter has been evident from the large attendance upon this convention, and the mass of information and argument presented. Whatever has been done thus far toward reclaiming any portion of these waste lands has been by individual enterprise, except in Utah and New Mexico a system of irrigation has been enforced by legislative enactments. In New Mexico the acequias are the most important features of the country. The subsistence of the people depends upon them, and the laws protecting them fill many pages of the statute books. An overseer of acequias is selected in every precinct, who fixes the number of laborers to be furnished by each land-owner, apportions their work, and distributes the water. Yet not over 300 square miles is under cultivation in that Territory. In Utah, where there is in operation the most complete and successful system of irrigation in this country, only about 140,000 acres are under cultivation. By legislative enactment the counties have power to build canals just as they build roads. Water commissioners are chosen at regular elections, in each county, and their services are paid out of the general tax levy, and they give bonds for the faithful performance of their duties. Subordinate commissioners, or water masters, are selected by neighborhoods, cities, and towns, and they are paid by assessments on the land. There are now over 1,200 miles of irrigating canals in Utah, with a capacity for watering 100,000 acres. The population of the Territory is upward of 150,000. It has 190 prosperous towns and cities. Its farm products are shipped into the neighboring Territories, and even into the Missouri Valley. In Colorado there has been no general plan of irrigation. Private corporations build canals and sell the water therefrom to the ranchmen. Several of the towns are supplied in this way. The colonies have also done much in this respect. But no general system has been adopted in that Territory, nor has the legislature ever taken cognizance of the situation. The same may be said of the other States and Territories interested in this movement. Irrigation has been limited. The few acres that have been reclaimed in the immediate vicinity of the streams and cañons, near the mountains, bear no comparison to the vast body of plain and desert stretching hundreds of miles in every direction.
The cost of constructing irrigating canals varies according to the character of the country. The average in Colorado has been $7 per acre. It is thought by competent engineers that in a general system of canals for the Plains, east of Denver, the cost must run from $10 to $15 per acre. According to careful estimates, Colorado has a water supply sufficient to irrigate 6,000,000 acres, an arable area which, in Egypt, in the times of the Ptolemies, supplied food for 8,000,000 people. The Plains, extending from the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains eastward nearly 300 miles, comprise about 25,000,000 acres. Of this vast tract there are 1,500,000 acres belonging to the Kansas Pacific Railway Company, lying south of the Platte River, and which a canal from the Platte Cañon to the headwaters of the Republican will cover. Such a canal, 12 feet wide and 3 feet deep, will cost $1,000 per mile. It will make lands that now go a-begging at $2.50 per acre worth from $10 to $15.
The want of water is the one and only drawback to the settlement of the Trans-Missouri country. Farming along the streams has been carried on enough to show that the soil is not only fertile, but extremely so, insuring, with plenty of water, crops surpassing those of the best farming districts elsewhere. The average yield, year in and year out, through the Rocky Mountain region, whenever irrigation is employed, has been found to be as follows: Wheat, 27 bushels per acre; oats, 55; potatoes, 150 to 200; onions, 250; barley, 33. This is far above the average of Illinois or Ohio. It is believed that the mountain streams, if turned into proper channels, will irrigate the greater part of the Plains, both east and west of the Mountains. This is particularly true of Western Kansas and Nebraska, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and New Mexico. The great rivers of the Platte, Arkansas, Rio Grande, and Colorado could be divided at or near their source in the mountains, and made to cover vast quantities of land. In Utah, it is proposed to take out canals from the Jordan, Weber, and Bear rivers, diminishing the supply in Great Salt Lake, and distributing it over other adjacent portions of the territory. And in California, engineers have been sent out to turn the Colorado River into the desert of Arizona, and Southern California.
Page 279.—Her statistics (San Francisco) for 1873 are equally significant, and foot up about as follows: In that year over 70,000 people arrived there, by land and sea, and less than half that number departed. Nearly 4,000 vessels entered her harbor, measuring about 2,000,000 tons. She exported 10,000,000 sacks of wheat, and nearly 1,000,000 barrels of flour; and Californians claimed, it wasn't much of a year for "wheat", either! The total wheat crop of the State, which mostly sought her wharves, was estimated as worth fully $26,000,000, or nearly $10,000,000 more than in 1872—prices being higher; the wool-clip, say, $7,000,000; the wine product, $2,000,000. Her total exports, of all kinds, was estimated at about $80,000,000; and, best of all, while her exports had largely increased, her imports had considerably decreased. Real estate had been dull for a year or two, and yet her sales that year aggregated about $15,000,000; while her mining stocks sold for $150,000,000, and paid dividends about $14,000,000, as against less than half that amount in 1872. The cash value of her property was estimated at $250,000,000 and of the State at about $600,000,000.
California's yield of the precious metals in 1873 was estimated at about $18,000,000, which was some two millions less than in 1872, and was already surpassed by her magnificent wheat crop of $26,000,000. Her total agricultural products for '73 were believed to aggregate $80,000,000; while all her mines and manufactures produced only about $70,000,000, though employing nearly double the number of people. Evidently, with her vast area of 120,000,000 acres of land, of which fully 40,000,000 are fit for the plow, our farmers there have a brilliant future before them, notwithstanding they will have to irrigate to raise some crops.
Page 324.—The following is a table of mean temperature at Santa Barbara for the year 1870-1:
| April, | average of the three daily observations | 60.62° | ||
| May, | " | " | " | 62.35 |
| June, | " | " | " | 65.14 |
| July, | " | " | " | 71.49 |
| Aug., | " | " | " | 72.12 |
| Sept., | " | " | " | 68.08 |
| Oct., | " | " | " | 65.96 |
| Nov., | " | " | " | 61.22 |
| Dec., | " | " | " | 52.12 |
| Jan., | " | " | " | 54.51 |
| Feb., | " | " | " | 53.35 |
| March, | " | " | " | 58.42 |
| Average temperature for the year, 60.20°. | ||||
| COLDEST DAY. | WARMEST DAY. | ||
| April 12th | 60° | April 16th | 74° |
| May 15th | 66 | May 23d | 77 |
| June 1st | 69 | June 3d | 80 |
| July 26th | 76 | July 11th | 84 |
| Aug. 11th | 77 | Aug. 8th | 86 |
| Sept. 23d | 66 | Sept. 27th | 90 |
| Oct. 23d | 60 | Oct. 20th | 92 |
| Nov. 7th | 64 | Nov. 20th | 87 |
| Dec. 15th | 52 | Dec. 28th | 71 |
| Jan. 11th | 56 | Jan. 3d | 76 |
| Feb. 22d | 42 | Feb. 28th | 71 |
| March 13th | 56 | March 27th | 83 |
| Coldest day in the year, Feb. 22d | 42° | ||
| Warmest day in the year, Oct. 20th | 92 | ||
| Variation | 50 | ||
Compare these with the average temperature of the Atlantic Coast, say at Trenton or New York, and what a paradise for invalids Santa Barbara must be.
Page 434.—Our yield of the precious metals for 1873 was exceptionally fine, and the following table of the total for that year, from the districts west of the Missouri River, gave immense satisfaction on the Pacific Coast:
| California | $18,025,722 |
| Nevada | 35,254,507 |
| Oregon | 1,376,389 |
| Washington | 209,395 |
| Idaho | 2,343,654 |
| Montana | 3,892,810 |
| Utah | 4,906,337 |
| Arizona | 47,778 |
| Colorado | 4,083,268 |
| Mexico | 868,798 |
| British Columbia | 1,250,035 |
| —————- | |
| Grand total | $72,258,693 |
The total yield for 1872 was only $62,236,913; so that here is a gain of $10,000,000 or so in one year. This extra increase, however, was chiefly from Nevada, whose total product, it will be seen, about equals that of all the others; and it must be credited mainly to the great Comstock Lode, whose ores, it is now about demonstrated, grow richer and better, the deeper you go down, like the best mines of Mexico and Peru. In 1871 they averaged only $27 per ton; in 1872 they increased to $32; and in 1873 to $40. These figures well sustain Mr. Sutro's theories, and his great tunnel may yet become a fixed fact, ere long.
[INDEX.]
Acapulco, [470]
" people of, [470]
" cathedral, [471]
" fort, [472]
Acequias, [82], [333], [487]
Across the Mountains, [150]
"Adios", [477]
Adventure among Utes, [120]-[3]
" " Dieganos, [351]-[2]
" on bay of San Francisco, [294]
" with grizzly bear and cubs, [459]
Æsculapius, a son of, [272]
Agua Frio, [287]
Age of Big Trees, [463]
Alkali region, [150]-[3]
Alaska, [291]
Alcatraz, [293]
Alamo, [347]
American eagle, [109]
" Falls of Snake, [218]
" a Representative, [332]
Antelope, [37], [51], [149]
Ancantash, [115], [125]
Angel Island, [293]
Anaheim, [340]
Ancient ruins in Arizona, [395]
Anomalies in Arizona, etc., [421]
Arkansas, the, [82]
" Valley of, [82]-[104]
" Little, [104]
Argonauts, Bret Harte's, [288]
Army Life on Pacific Coast, [293]
" -lady in Arizona, [413]
" nurseries of the, [418]
Arizona City, [355]
Arizona generally, [372], [394]
" her quicksands, [388]
" her chief drawback, [414]
" her anomalies, [421]
" her ancient ruins, [395]
" her quails and rabbits, [409]-[21]
" her mines, [378], [399], [414]
Assays, mining, [68]
Astoria, [270]
Asylums, Chinese, [312]-[14]
Aspinwall, [475]
Autocrat of Utah, [179]
Aubrey City, [414]
Average Westerner, [43], [98]
" Coloradoan, [98]
Aztecs, [367], [395], [406]
Baker's Ranch, [55]
Baille, a Mexican, [91]-[3]
Bartering with Indians, [131]-[2]
Baker City, [231]
Banquet at Denver, [62]
Bar of the Columbia, [271]
Banquet at San Francisco, [304]
Barbary Coast, " , [310]
Bankrupt Law of Chinese, [312]
Banning, Gen. P., [331]-[39]-[40]
"Bed-rock", [73]
Belvidere Apollo, [213]
Bear River, [214]
Bee-Hive House, [175]
Better things ahead, [299]
Bell's Cañon, [393]
Beale's Springs, [410]
Beaver Lake, [415]
Bear Valley, [465]
Bergh, Mr. Henry, [238]
"Big Injun" stories, [38]
Bierstadt's skies, [105]
Bitter Creek, [150]
" " country, [150]-[3]
Bill of Fare, a hard, [221]
Big Trees of California, [462]
Black Hawk, [64]
Black-Butte Station, [152]
Blue Mountains, [234]-[6]
Blackbirds at Tucson, [376]
"Black's", [445]
Boys in Blue, [28]
Border missionary, a, [39]
" bishop, a, [59]
Bogus mining companies, [69]
Boisè, valley of, [219]
Boisè City, [223]-[6]
"Borers", [377]
Bower Cave, [445]
Bradford's Hill, [110]-[12]
Brent, John, [84]
Bridger's Pass, [150]
Bridger, Jim, [158]
Brigadier-Generals abundant, [173]
Brigham City, [212]
Breakdown, a, [241]
Breakdown, another, [246]
Browne, Ross J., [70], [226]
Brain of the Northwest, [266]
Broderick monument, [280]
Building stone, fine, [27]
Buchser, M., [43]
Buffalo region, [50]
" grass, [50]
" as engineer, [52]
"Bull-drivers", [54], [237]
Butte region, [78]
Buckskin Joe, [107]
Burt, Maj., [158]
Burnt River, [228]
Bunch-grass, [365]
Cavalier and Corncracker, [23]
Camping-out, [35], [76], [88], [349], [362], [419]
" near summit of Rocky Mountains, [102]
Cañon City, [81]
Cañon, Echo, [159]
" of Columbia, [255]
Castle Rock, [78], [256]
Castle Dome, [363]
Carson, Kit, (see [K])
Carson City, [436]
Carter, Judge, [159]
Carter, Colonel, [415]
Cannon, George Q., [168]
Calico horses, [252]
Cascade Mountains, passage of, [255]
Cascades, Lower, [255]
California at last, [274]
" her growth, [279], [489]
" wines generally, [338]
" natives, [293], [328], [342]
" mines, [427]
" live-oaks, [426], [441]
" wheat-fields, [426], [441]
" wind-mills, [441]
" statistics, [279], [489]
Cajon Pass, [422]
Calaveras Big Trees, [463]
Cape St. Lucas, [469]
Cactus, columnar, [368]
Carissa Creek, [349]
Caribbean Sea, [476]
"Cavalry Gregg", [407]
Cayotes, or wolves, [216]
Central City and mines, [62]-[4]
Celilo, [253]
Centipedes, [417]
Central Pacific Railroad, [428]
" its grades, [428]
" snow-sheds, [429]
Central America, [432]
Chicago, [23]
Cherry Creek, [53], [65]
Chivington massacre, [139]
Church Butte, [153]
Children of Brigham Young, [180]
Chinaman, John, [225], [268]
Change from dry to wet, [258]
Churches of San Francisco, [287]
Christmas in San Francisco, [292]
Chinese Question, the, [300]-[21]
" merchants, [304]
" New Year, [311]
" bankrupt law, [312]
" temple or Josh-house, [312]
" religion, [314]
China's necessity America's opportunity, [315]-[16]
Chemisal, [345]
Charley, Diegano, [351]
Changes of elevation, [416]
Cincinnati, [23]
Cisco, [428]
Clear Creek, [63]-[64]
Claims, mining, [66]
Clawson, Brig.-Gen., [175]
Climate of Colorado, [76], [100], [143]
" Oregon and Washington., [263]
" San Francisco, [281], [467]
" Santa Barbara, [324], [490]
" San Diego, [328]
" Los Angelos, [334]
" of Mexican Coast, [468]
" Isthmus of Panama, [474]
Cliff House and sea-lions, [295]-[6]
"Clarke's", [461]
Clarke, Galen, [461]
Coming man, [70]
Companies, bogus, [69]
Compagnons du voyage, [33]
Costly supplies, [49], [375], [407]
Coal, etc., [63], [153], [229]
Copper, etc., [63], [378]
Colorado ores, [68]
" mineral resources, [69]-[71]
" Springs, [80]
" City, [81]
" farming, [82]
" desert, [344]-[46]
Coloradoan, an average, [98]
Corkscrew creek, a, [87]
Costello, Judge, [107]
Council, Indian, [114]-[16]
Councils of war, [160]
" Clive on, [160]
Cox, Jack, [132]
Courts, U. S., in Utah, [193]-[6]
Columbia River, etc., [251]
" Clarke's Fork of, [251]
" bar of, [271]
Conner, Capt., [270]-[3]
Commerce and wealth of San Francisco, [279], [489]
Comstock Lode, [433], [492]
Coin vs. Greenbacks, [290]
Conclusion as to Chinese, [320]
Cock-fights, [335], [471]
Cottonwood Cañon, [410]
Constitution steamer, [468]
Colima, [469]
Costa Rica, [472]
Conclusion, [477]
Coulterville, [444]
"Crawford's", [244]
Crossing the Rocky Mountains, [84], [150]
" the Blue Mountains, [234]
" bar of the Columbia, [271]
" Gila and Salado, [383]
" Sierra Nevadas, [428], [437]
Cruelty Prevention Society wanted, [238]
Cumming, Gov., [61]
" his speech to Utes, [126]
Currants, wild, [63]
Culebra, [90]
Cuba, [476]
Dancing people, a, [92]
Dance with Indians, a, [133]
Dacotah, [150]
Danites or Thugs, [189]
Dalles, the, [254]
Darwinism, [259]
Dante's Inferno, [411]
Denver, [58]
" her growth, etc., [60]
" reception of Sherman, etc., [62]
Desert of the Mountains, [150]
Deer, [410]
Desolation, genius of, [411]
Deserters, [422]
Departure from San Francisco, [467]
"Divides", [35], [73]
"Diggings", [65], [107]
Dirty Woman's Ranch, [78]
Diabolo, Mt., [465]
Divine, a High-Church, [469], [475]
Dodge, Gen., [144], [248]
Dogberry, an Idaho, [226]
Donkeys, dilapidated, [234]-[8]
Down the Columbia, [249]
Donner Lake, [431]
Down the Sierras, [438]
Drive, an anxious, [239]
Drake's Plantation Bitters, [249]
Dry to wet, [258]
Duck-shooting, [106]-[9]
Duluth, [267]
Eagle, a plucky, [108]
Echo Cañon, [159]
Election imbroglio, [61]
Elk, [149]
El Dorado Cañon, [414]
Elevation, changes of, [416]
Empire City, [107]
Emigrant trail, [215]
" a typical, [406]
English capital, [62]
Englishman, a sturdy, [67]
Englishmen, enterprising, [443]
Enforce the laws, [205]
Enfans terribles, [249]
Erie Railroad, [21]
Exasperated teamster, [43]
Exaggeration, Western, [96]
Example, a shining, [298]
Exploring the country, [386]
Exploits of Apaches, [402]
Fall-Leaf, [29]
" his theology, [30]
" his bravery, [31]
Fancy Creek, [38]
Fair Play, Col., [106]
Falls of Snake River, [218]
Fare, hard bill of, [221]
Farewell Bend, [230]
Farrallones, [295]
Fatherland, our, [476]
Fellow-passengers, [43]
Fenian friends, [260]
Fellow-passengers home, [469]
Fiat Justitia, [321]
Fish-hooks vs. ox-carts, [371]
Flood-stayed, [382]
Fluctuations of mining stocks, [435]
Forethought, [239]
Fourth of July, [476]
Fort Alcatraz, [277], [294]
" Benton, [252]
" Boisè, [227]
" Bowie, [376]
" Bridger, [227]
" Cameron, [376]
" Cape Disappointment, [271]
" Camp Cady, [421]
" Camp Douglas, [170]
" Colville, [251]
" Churchill, [436]
" Garland, [89], [114]
" Goodwin, [376]
" Grant, [377]
" Halleck, [148]
" Kearney, [40]
" Laramie, [115]
" Leavenworth, [29], [33]
" Lovell, [376]
" McDowell, [384]
" Mojave, [413]
" Morgan, [75]
" McPherson, [48]
" Point, [277]
" Riley, [21], [33]
" Rock Springs, [418]
" San Josè, [277]
" Sedgwick, [49]
" Stevens, [271]
" Stockton, [328]
" Vancouver, [261]
" Wallen, [376]
" Whipple, [407]
" Wicked, [54]
" Yuma, [355]
Fraser's River, [224]
Freezing-out, [69]
Fremont's old trail, [77]
"'Frisco", [274]-[6]
Frigate-birds, [274], [468]
Fruit of Mormon teachings, [188]
Fun, a little, [113]
Gamblers, [59], [224]
Gale, Judge, [59]
Gate City, [63]
Garden of the Gods, [79]
Game, lack of, [103]-[4], [460]
"Ganow's", [351]
Germany, a bit of, [341]
Germans,
[24]
" a frightened, [56]
" enterprising, [100]
" a plucky, [383]
Getting under way, [34]
Georgetown, [71]
Geiger grade, [431]
Genoa, [436]
Gertrude Jane, [438]
Gila City, [363]
" River, [364]
" valley of the, [364]
" Bend, [366]
" freshet in, [381]
Give John a chance, [317]
Good grazing region, [50]
Golden City, [60], [63]
Golden Gate, [276]
Gold mines, [66]
Gold and silver, our yield of 1873, [491]
Gooseberries, wild, [63]
Good missionary ground, [319], [361]
Gov. Low on Chinese, [318]
Grasshoppers, [36]
Granite Creek, [398]
Grande Ronde Valley, [232]
Great West, the, [22]
" American Desert, [51]
" Salt Lake, [209]
" American Falls, [218]
" Bend region, [251]
Gregory Gulch, [64]
" Consolidated, [66]
Greenhorn River, [82]
Green River, [150]-[3]
Gregg, Gen. Irvin, [407]-[8]
"Greasers", [470]
Grizzly bear and cubs, [459]
Guaymas, [378]
Guatemala, [472]
Gulls, [274], [468]
Gulf Stream, [476]
Happy Family, a, [37]
Halsey, Mr. Supt., [221]
Hardyville, [413]
Hardy, Mr., [414]
Hassayampa, [387]
Hermann, [25]
Hercules of the Plains, [29]
Hell Gate, [253]
Hell Cañon, [405]
Heller, Louis, [383]
"Heathen Chinee", [301], [430]
Hermitage, the, [458]
Hincklin's, Zan, estate, [83]-[4]
High Council of Mormon Church, [196]-[8]
Homan's Park, [99]
Hoosiers, [22]
Holliday's Overland Stages, [41], [207]
Holliday, Ben, [41], [152], [207]
Holmes' One-Hoss Shay, [242], [418]
Home again, [476]
Honitos, [465]
Hood, Mt., [256], [264], [269]
Horse philosophy, [236]-[7]
Horses, a fine team of, [234]
How not to do it, [160]
Huerfano River, [83]
Hunt, Indian Agent, [116], [131]
Hualapai Springs, [410]
"Hutchings'", [449]
Hydraulic mining, [427]
Idaho Springs, [71]
Idaho City, [224]
Idaho, [223]-[6]
" mines of, [226]
" Dogberry, [226]
Illinois and Indiana, [22]
Indians, Apache, [401]
" Arrapahoe, [54]
" Cheyenne, [115], [127]
" Chemehuevi, [424]
" Comanche, [115], [127]
" Delaware, [30]
" Diegano, [350]
" Hualapai, [412]
" Maricopa, [369]
" Mojave, [412]
" Oregon, [252]
" Pai-Utes, [412]
" Papago, [380]
" Pawnee, [38]
" Pimo, [369]
" Pottawatomie, [32]
" Shoshone, [158]
" Sioux, [55]
" Umatilla, [245]
" Ute, [114], [135]
" Walla-Walla, [246]
" Yavapai, [392]
Indian corn, [27]
" Point, [28]
" idea of steam, [30]
" " telegraph, [30]
" rumors, [38], [55]-[7], [77]
" council, [114], [116]
" treaty, [113]-[36]
" ponies, [116]
" costumes, [117]
" village, [118]
" dogs, [118]
" profanity, [119]
" speeches, [127]-[9]
" a sharp, [129]
" bartering with, [131]-[2]
" dance, [133]
" squaws, [135]
" generally, [135]-[6]
" trophies, [143]
" scare, [146], [419]
" exploits of Apaches, [402]
" their cunning, [403]
" policy of Brigham Young, [212]
" " our old, [370], [412]
" " our true, [413]
"Inside" vs. "Outside", [354]
Inspiration Point, [457]
Interview with Brigham Young, [176]-[9]
" " U. S. Judge at Salt Lake, [189]-[98]
Irish miners, [246]
"Iron-clad" Christians, [289]
Iron mines, [63]
Irrigation, [60], [487]
Isothermal lines, [263]
Isthmus of Panama, [474]
" " people, [475]
Jackson, Gen., [29]
Jack Cox, [132]-[3]
Jack-rabbits and quail, [345]
Jesus, Don, [92]
Jerked beef, [118]
Jewish synagogue, [286]
Jews on Pacific Coast, [287]
Jesuit missions, [326]
Johnston, Albert Sydney, [159]-[60]
John Day River, [254]
John as a merchant, [304]
" a banker, etc., [305]
" an operative, [306]
" a railroad builder, [307]
" an actor, [308]
" a gambler, [309]
" a holiday keeper, [311]
" a legislator, [312]
" a heathen, [313]-15
" give him a chance, [317]
John Phœnix, [327]
"Jordan is a hard road," etc., [236]
Josh-house, Chinese, [312]-[14]
Judge Costello, [107]
" Gale, [59]
" Lynch, [59], [62], [226]
" Carter, [159]
" a brave, [198]
Julesburg, [49], [53]
Junction City, [26]
Juniper Mountain, [409]
Juries, Mormon, [190]
Kansas Pacific Railroad, [21]
Kansas generally, [27]
Kaolin, [63]
"Kate," mule, [87], [112]
Kaw, the, [32]
Kerber's ranch, [100]
Kimball, Heber C., [167]-[75]
Kit Carson, [96]-[7], [114]
" his services, [136]
" personal appearance, [137]
" adventures, [137]
" Sherman on, [138]
" Indians on, [138]
" his opinion of Indians, [138]-[9]
Kootenay, [252]
Lawrence, [26]
Landscapes, superb, [72], [84]-[6], [243], [446]
Landscape, a tropical, [478]
Laramie Plains, [148]
Laclede, [152]
Latrobe, [248]
Lake Pond Oreille, [252]
Laguna Grande, [342]
Laguna, [347]
Lady, an army, in Arizona, [413]
La Paz, [414]
Lake Tahoe, [439]
Leavenworth, [25]
Lead, etc., [63]
Leutze's painting, [105]
Leave Utah or drown, [184]
Lewiston, [223]
La Grande, [233]
" mines near, [233]
" river, [235]
Leland, a, [465]
Little Blue, [38]
Live mining-town, [65]
Lincoln on our mines, [70]
Life in a stage-coach, [155]-[7]
Lieut. Genl. Utah Militia, [173]
Little Arkansas, [104]
Liberals vs. Imperialists, [353]
Libertad, [377]
Live-oaks of California, [426], [441]
Long's Peak, [75]
Lost among Indians, [120]-[4]
"Lo! the poor Indian", [55], [135]
Lone Mountain Cemetery, [280], [295]
Los Angelos Plains, [333], [423]
" itself, [334]-[5]
Lumber, costly, [49], [375], [407]
Lynch, Judge, [59], [62], [226]
Manhattanville, [32]
Marysville, [34]
Mantilini, Mr., [67]
Machinery, mining, [67]
Manitou, Col., [80]
Mark Tapley's philosophy, [122]
Massacre, Sand Creek., [139]
Maladé, [215]
Machado's, Ranch, Señor, [342]
Maricopa Desert, [366]
Mariposa Trail, [456]
" Big Trees, [462]
" itself, [464]
Manzanillo, [469]
McCormick, Gov., [362]
McDowell Crossing, [383]
Meals en route, [42]
Medicine Man, a, [77]
Mexican peons, [83]
" baille, [91]
" beds, [93]
" emigrants, [86], [89], [353]
" life and manners, [471]
Mexican vs. Yankee, [106]
Menace to U. States, [175]
"Meacham's", [239]
Mescal, [345]
Mesquite, [365]
Merced River, [452]
Melno Park, [466]
Missouri, [24]
Missouri River, [25]
Mining town, a live, [65]
Mining, placer, [66]
Mining "processes", [68]
Mining Companies, bogus, [69]
Mining as a business, [435]
Mines, yield of, [70]
Mines, our, total yield of 1873, [491]
Miners' slang, [72]
Miners returning East, [146]
Mines at Baker City, [231]
Mines of Colorado, [63]-[71]
" Idaho, [226]
" Oregon, [254]
" California, [279], [427]
" Arizona, [378], [399], [414]
Mines of Nevada, [432]-[5]
" U. S. generally, [490]-[1]
Mills, stamp, [67]
Mill City, [71]
Miami Valley, [22]
Micawber, Mr., [68]
Micawber, a Boston, [250]
Militia, Utah, [172]-[5]
Mission Mills, [306]
Milton's Hell, [411]
Mirage, [346]
Moral, a, [124]
Mormon woman, [152]
" tabernacle, [166]
" preacher, [167]
" a sharp, [168]
" sermons, [169]
" militia-muster, [172]
" outrages, etc., [183]
" murder of Dr. Robinson, [184]-[7]
" Mountain Meadow Massacre, [191]
" juries, etc., [190]
" sobriety and thrift, [200]
" Bishops, [201]
" Brigham Young, [174]-[9]
Mormonism in general, [199]
Mormon Church, as immigration agency, [202]
Mountain city, a, [64]
Mountain scenery, effect of, [86]
Mountain mud-wagons, [144]
Mountain Fever, [170]
Montgomery street, [285]
" dames, [286]
Montana emigrants, [398]
Mojave River, [420]
Mother, an ambitious, [438]
Monument Creek, [79]
Mountains, Alleghany, [58]
" Rocky, [75], [113]
" Wahsatch, [158]
" Blue, [234], [244]
" Cascade, [255]
" Aztec, [392]
" San Bernardino, [420]
" Sierra Nevadas, [427], [437]-[8]
Mt. Long's Peak, [75]
" Pike's Peak, [75]-[79]
" Hood, [256], [264]-[9]
" St. Helen's, [270]
" Shasta, [256]
" San Bernardino, [344]
" San Francisco, [391]
Mule teams, [54]
" Kate, [87]
Munchausen, Baron, [57], [89]
Mustang team, [157]
Mysteries and miseries of stage-coaching, [156]
Nasby people, [267]
New England, [22]
" village, [397]
Newspapers again, [108], [424]
New Mexico, etc., [140]
New Granada, [472]
New York, [476]
Nevada, agriculture in, [431]
" mines in, [433], [491]
" alkali plains of, [436]
Nez Perce Chief, [250]
Nicaragua, [472]
North Platte, [148]
" Clear Creek, [66]
"No makee bobbery", [303]
Nurseries of the army, [418]
Ocean, a Pacific, [323]
Off for the Pacific, [144]
" Los Angelos, [322]
" Ft. Yuma, [339]
" Yosemite, [444]
Ogden City, [210]
Ohio, [22]
Old Chief, [63]
Omaha, [40], [58]
Ooray, [115], [125]
" his speeches at treaty, [126]-[9]
Ophir mine, [434]
Ores, Colorado, [68]
" Arizona, [399]
" Nevada, [432]
Oregonian, a live, [240]
Oregon Steam Nav. Co., [251]
" Indians, [252]
" rains and fogs, [259]
Oregonians generally, [268]
Orizaba, the, [322]
"Out West", [22]
Outrage, a border, [351]
Outrages, Mormon, [183]
"Out of the Wilderness", [424]
Outside on a coach, [44]
"Outfit", [72]
Overland route, [35]
" stages, [41], [206]
Owyhee, [224]
" Rapids, [253]
Ox-trains, [54], [238]
"Pay-ore", [66]
Pay-streak, [73]
"Panned-out", [73]
Pacific Railroad, Union, [40], [71], [80]
" Central, [428], [430]
" Northern, [252]
" Texas, [396]
Pass, Sangre del Christo, [84]-[6]
" Poncho, [102]
Parks, Rocky Mt., [95]
Parley's Cañon, [161]
Paymaster, a lucky, [227]
Pasquol, old, [361]
Painted Rocks, [367]
Pai-Ute Hill, [417]
Paradise Regained, [423]
" for invalids, [491]
Panama, [472]
Peat, [49]
Peons, Mexican, [83]
Petroleum, [153]
Personal appearance of Brigham Young, [178]-[9]
Pennsylvania Dutchman, a, [39]
Phosphorescent waves, [467]-[8]
Pike's Peak, [75], [79]
Pigeon English, [302]
Pilot Knob, [348]
Picacho, [373]
Platte River, [36], [48]
" Valley, [47], [49]
Placer Mining, [65]-[66]
Plains, the, [50], [52], [72], [111]
" as stock-raising and dairy region, [51], [481]
Placerville, [439]
Poncho Pass, [102]
" Creek, [103]
Pocket-knives as weapons, [122]
Polygamy, its workings, [192]-[3]
" bad results generally, [203]
" a barbarism, [204]
" laws against, should be enforced, [204]-[5]
Portland, [264]-[8]
Powder River, [228]
Powell, Prof., [357]
Postle's ranch, [405]
Pony, a plucky, [448]
Porpoises, [467]
Prospect Ridge, [28]
"Prospecting", [66]
Prairie schooners, [26], [34], [54]
" chickens, [36], [53]
" dogs, [37]
Praying machines of Chinese, [314]
"Processes," mining, [68]
Process, a new, wanted, [68]
Preacher, Mormon, [167]
Pratt's River, [228]
Price's Army, left wing of, [240], [267]
Press of California, [288]
Prescott Crossing, [383]
" road, [385]
" itself, [397]
" her mining prospects, [399]
" population, [400]
Precious metals, our yield of for 1873, [491]
Project, a California, [439]
Punty, [445]-[8]
Quartz mines, etc., [66]
Quicksands of Arizona, [388]
" execrable, [392]
Ranchmen and their homes, [53]
Ranches, [73]
" in California, [293]
Ranchman, a dismal, [421]
Randall, Bishop, [59]
Railroad, Union Pacific, [40], [71], [80]
" Northern, [252]
" Central, [428], [430]
" Texas, [396]
" across the Isthmus, [474]
Rather exciting situation, [121]
Rapids of the Columbia, [253]
Rains and fogs, [259]
Rains and winds of San Francisco, [281]-[2]
Racing steam-ships, [322]
Rattlesnakes, [417]
Reception of Gen. Sherman, etc., [62]
Red Rupert, [144]
Regions, barren, [215], [345], [410]
Representative Californians, [285]
Religion in California, [287]-[9]
Revivalist, a noted, [432]
Ride by stage-coach, [44]
Ride after antelope, [51]
Ride by muleback, [84]-[7]
" a rough, [220]
" a fine horseback, [446]
Rio Grande, [96]-[7]
" bottoms, [96]
Rio Colorado, [150], [356], [415]
Rip Van Winkles, [279], [376]
Rising Star Steamer, [475]
River Terraces, [28]
Rocky Mountains, [75], [143]
" parks of, [95]
Roads, mountain, [110], [439]
Road-agents, [166]
Robinson, Dr., murder of, [184]-[7]
Romancing, [247]
Rough stage-coaching, [437]
Roses in California, [440]
Rock Springs, [410]
Russel's Ranch, [98]
Ruby City, [224]
Rule, the only safe among Indians, [394]
Sacramento River, [425]
" Valley, [426]
" City, [440]
Saratoga of Colorado, [71]
Sangre del Christo, [84]-[6]
Saddle animals, [87]
San Luis Park, [96]
Saw-mills, [110]
Safe at last, [124]
Sage-hens, [158]
Salt Lake City, [164]-[6]
" House, [164]
" Theatre, [179]
" audience generally, [182]
" Vidette, [183]
" Mormon outrages at, [183], [198]
" what a U. S. Judge thinks of affairs there, [189]-[98]
" itself, [209]
(See [Mormon].)
Sand Creek massacre, [139]
Sand-storm, a Yuma, [358]
San Francisco, [276]
" her location, [277]
" sand-hills, [278]
" commerce, etc., [279]
" climate, [281]-[2]
" earthquakes, [283]
" hotels, [283]
" houses and gardens, [284]
" fruits and flowers, [284]
" churches, [287]-[8]
" her Christmas and New Year, [292]
" statistics, [279], [489]
" Barbary Coast, [310]
" Chinese, [301], [321]
" sail on Bay of, [294]
Santa Barbara, [324]
" her climate, [490]-[91]
San Diego, [325]-[9]
" court-house and jail, [327]
" climate, [328]
" neighboring ranches, [329]
" harbor, [329]
San Pedro, [330]
Santa Anna River, [340]-[1]
Santa Cruz River, [372]-[5]
San Xavier del Bac, [379]
San Bernardino, [422]
San Joaquin River, [444]
San Mateo, [466]
San Josè, [466]
San Salvador, [472]
Scare, an Indian, [146]-[7]
Scott's Marmion, [159]
Scout after Apaches, [404]
Segrist, Mr., [39]
Señors and Señoritas, [92]
Sermons, Mormon, [169]
Sea-sickness, [272]
Sea-lions, [295]-[6]
"Shanghai" fences, [36], [229]
Sherman, Gen., [61], [114]
" on Kit Carson, [138]
" New Mexico, etc., [140]-[1]
" personally, [142]
"Shebang", [72]
Sha-wa-she-wit, [125]
Shauno, [125]
Shingle Station, [439]
Silvers, Rev. Mr., [39]
Sibley tents, [55], [118]
Silver-mining, [66], [432]-[5]
Silver City, [224]
Sierra Blanca, [98]
" Nevadas, [427]
" " summit of, [430]
" " snows on, [428], [437]
" " silence of, [460]
" " sugar-pines of, [461]
Skull Valley, [392]
Smoky Hill River, [28], [50]
Snowy Range, [63], [76], [105]
Snow-squalls, [81], [89], [98]
Snow-storm, in a, [162], [241]
Snow galleries, [429]
Snows on Sierra Nevadas, [428], [437]
Snake River, [216]
" bottoms, [217]
" station, [217]
" valley generally, [229]
Socelito, [294]
Soda Springs, Col., [80]
Soda Lake, [419]
Soldier, a true, [408]
Something about smoking, [157]
" " Vicksburg, [261]-[2]
South Platte, [58], [65], [107]
" Clear Creek, [71]
" Park, [105]
Spanish Peaks, [85]
" attempts to speak, [342]
Specimen settlers, [39], [406]
"Square meal", [72]
Squaws, Indian, [135]
Stage-horses, [41]
" stations, [41]
" drivers, [42], [54]
" staging it "outside", [44]
" coaching generally, [155], [206]
" good-bye, [248]
" across the Sierra Nevadas, [428], [437]
Stampedes, [147]
Stamp Mills, [67]
Statistics of Stock-raising on Plains, [481]-[7]
Statistics of San Francisco, etc., [279], [489]-[90]
" gold and silver product. 1873, [491]
Stanislaus, [444]
Steam navigation on the Columbia, [251]
" " on the Colorado, [414]-[15]
Steele, Gen., [261]-[3]
Stockton, [442]
" her windmills, etc., [442]
Stormy Divide, [77]
St. Louis, [23]
St. Helen's, [270]
Stump, Capt., [251]
"S. T. 1860, X., etc.", [249]
Sulphurets, [68], [399]
Sulphur Springs, hot, [171], [209]
Sunsets, [45]
Sunset, a magnificent, [46]
Superintendent of Mines, [67]
Sugar-pines of California, [461]
"Swinging round the circle", [227]
Swiss artist, a, [43]
"Swop" and "no swop", [131]
"Talings", [68]
Tabernacle, Mormon, [168]
Tahoe, Lake, [439]
Taylor, Bayard, [25]
Teamsters, as a class, [237], [244]
Telegraph Hill, [279]
Tehauntepec, Gulf of, [472]
Texan Emigrant, [349]
Texas and Pacific Railroad, [396]
Tip-top of Rocky Mountains, [85]
Topeka, [26]
Tobacco, some defence of, [157]
Transportation, costly, [357], [377]
Transition, a welcome, [423]
Treaty with Ute Indians, [113], [136]
Trophies, Indian, [143]
Trout-fishing, [88]
Trout-broiling, [88], [102]
Trout streams, [97]
Truckee River, [431]
Tucson, [374]
" her high prices, [375]
" business, [376]
" costly transportation, [377]
Tucson's griefs, [378]
" mines, [378]
Tuolomne River, [444]
Turkey, a fine wild, [407]
Typical emigrant, [406]
Umatilla River, [245]-[6]
" City, [249]
Uniontown, [233]
Union Pass, [411]
Union Pacific Railroad, [40]
Ups and downs of Californians, [297]-[9]
Up the Sierras, [428]
Utah militia, [172]-[5]
" autocrat of, [179]
" Judge, opinion of, [189], [198]
" U. S. Courts in, [193]-[6]
" laws in, enforce, [205]
(See [Mormon].)
Ute Indians, [77], [212]
" council, [114]-[16]
" treaty, [116], [136]
" princess, [117]
" village, [118]
" lost among, [120]
" chiefs, [114]-[15], [125]
" dance, [133]
" generally, [134]
" squaws, [135]
Valley of the Platte, [48]
" Boisè, [219]
" Burnt, Powder, and Pratt's rivers, [228]
" Snake, [229]-[30]
" Grande Ronde, [232]
" Umatilla, [247]
" Weber, [161]
" Salt Lake, [165]
" Columbia, [252]
" Gila, [364]
" Salado, [395]
" Colorado, [355], [411]
" Sacramento, [426]
" Yosemite, [447], [454]
Vicksburg, something about, [261]-[2]
Victoria, [266]
View from Telegraph Hill, [280]
Villacito, [344]
Virginia Dale, [145]
Virginia City, [432]
Voyage from Portland to San Francisco,
[273]
" a delightful, [323]
" up the Sacramento, [425]
" home, [467]
Vulture mine and mill, [391]
Wagon-trains and teamsters, [54]
Ward, Artemus, [180]
Water-ditches, [82], [487]
Walla Walla, [243], [251]
Wallula, [249], [251]
Wanted—a road, [385]
" roads and bridges, [389]
" a railroad, [396]
Westerner, specimen of a, [55]
Western exaggerations, [96]-[7]
Wellington, young chief, [123]-[4]
Weber Valley, [161]
West, Bishop, [175], [211]
Wells, Lt. General, [175]
Wells Springs, [244]
"Web-footed" children, [259]
West Indies, [476]
Whales, [467]
Whirlwinds, [346]
White Pine, [433]
Whitney, Prof., [452], [456]
Whittier's prophecy, [477]
Wheat-fields of California, [426], [441]
" yield of, [441]
Wickenburg, [390]
Wildcat Creek, [39]
Wind-storm, a, [45]
Willow Springs, [146]
Wilful, John, [247]
Willamette River, [266]
Wilmington, etc., [331]
Wilson, Don Benito, [336]
" his noble ranch, [336]
" orange groves, [337]
" vineyards, [337]
" his home, [338]
Williamson's Valley, [409]
Wind-mills, [278]
" " in California, [285], [441]
Winds and rains of San Francisco, [281]-[2]
Wines, California, [338]
Wood and lumber scarce, [49]
Wolves or cayotes, [216]
Yankee-land, [22]
Yankee hand and brain, [71]
Yank's Station, [437]
Yerbo Buena, [279]
Yellow-jacket mine, [434]
"You bet", [73]-[74]
Yosemite Valley, [443]
" first view of, [447]
" South Dome and walls, [450]
" Bridal Veil and Yosemite Falls, [451]
" El Capitan, [451]
" by moonlight, [451]
" North Dome, etc., [452]
" Lake and South Fork, [452]
" Cascades and Vernal Falls, [453]
" rainbows in, [453]
" Nevada Falls, [454]
" Sentinel Peak, [454]
" Mt. Broderick, [454]
" Cathedral Rock, [454]
" in winter, [455]
" from Hutchings', [449]
" from Inspiration Point, [457]
Young chief Wellington, [123]-[4]
Young, Brigham, [175]-[9]
" wives of, [180]
children of, [181]
" shrewd dodge of, [187]
" success of, [195]
" Indian policy of, [212]
" Brigadier General, [175]
" Colonel, [175]
" Joseph, [211]
(See [Mormon].)
Zan Hincklin's ranch, [83]-[4]
Zig-zags, mountain, [437]
" swinging the, [438]
THE END.
[FOOTNOTES:]
[1] Mostly published by Congress in 1867-8, and among the Pub. Docs. for those years.
[2] The line thence to California was run by Wells, Fargo & Co.
[3] See [Appendix].
[4] See [Appendix].
[5] This road since built and now in operation.
[6] I believe these are now called Colorado Springs, and much resorted to, and Manitou is somewhere about the Garden of the Gods.
[7] The Denver and Santa Fe narrow-gauge railroad, now in operation, following the mountains down, has doubtless done much to revive and stimulate this whole region again. But it halts, I believe at Pueblo for the present.
[8] As Governor he was ex-officio Superintendent of Indian Affairs there.
[9] Good! good!
[10] Senator Wade's Bill (1867) met the Utah Question somewhat like this, and I suspect Judge —— had a finger in it. So, Senator Cragin's Bill subsequently, and others since. The present imbroglio in Utah hinges on this Jury Question, more than anything else, and Congress ought to settle it speedily, on a just and right basis. Judge McKean may be in the wrong technically; but substantially, he is fighting for truth and justice, and if he lacks the necessary weapons, should be furnished them. This is what Senator Frelinghuysen's Bill, now pending, (1874) proposes well to do.
[11] He was originally from Pennsylvania.
[12] His account in the Bank of England was said to be fourth on the list, in point of magnitude, and his wealth estimated any where from $25,000,000 to $50,000,000.
[13] But she has already filled this gap with a branch Road, which ultimately she will push north to the Columbia, and south to the Gulf of California.
[14] Though since scourged severely by fire, (1873), she has vindicated herself well by prompt and general rebuilding, like Chicago.
[15] See [Appendix].
[16] In 1873, she yielded 36,000,000 pounds, which she sold for about twenty cents per pound, or say $7,000,000.
[18] See [Appendix]
[19] In those days, it appears, the Jesuits had over a score of Missions in California, and some thirty thousand half civilized-Indians living in their communities. Their horned cattle numbered four hundred and twenty-four thousand; their horses, mules, and asses, besides the wild ones that scoured the plains in troops, sixty-two thousand five hundred; their sheep, goats, and swine, three hundred and twenty-one thousand; and the wheat, barley, maize, and other grains they raised measured one hundred and twenty-two thousand five hundred bushels annually. The richest in cattle and horses, and the greatest grain-producer, was San Gabriel, now a modest hamlet. Next to it in everything else, and ahead of it in sheep, was San Luis Rey, now even modester, which also had the most Indians. The Mission Dolores, now San Francisco, stood low on the list, with its five hundred Indians shivering in the wind and fog, five thousand horned cattle, sixteen hundred horses and mules, four thousand sheep and swine, and other things in proportion.
[20] Since the above was written, I believe, the Panama steamers have resumed their calls at San Diego, and doubtless the town is again looking up. So, also, the Arizona trade and travel now start mainly from here, and a railroad to the Colorado at least seems inevitable.
[21] See foot-note page [329].
[22] Huge tide-waves at the head of the Gulf.
[23] Hence the recent proposition to turn the Colorado thither and convert all this district, including the Yuma or Colorado Desert, into a great lake or inland sea. It seems hardly feasible in this generation; but, possibly, may happen in the future.
[24] They were our escort from Prescott, whom we had dismissed at Mojave, with orders to return as soon as rested. But, it seems, the poor fellows were tired of Arizona, and as they were so far on their way "inside," concluded to continue thither!
[25] Above Dutch Flat, the maximum grade of 116 feet per mile has been resorted to, for over ten miles. From Owl Gap to the Summit, a distance of twenty-four and a half miles, the average grade is 81, and the maximum 85 feet per mile. From the Summit to the Truckee, the average is 84, and the maximum 90 feet per mile; but down the Truckee, the grades average less than 40 feet per mile.
[26] See [Appendix].
[27] Perhaps I should add, my friend Dr. M. had already returned East, via Hong Kong and Calcutta, around the world; and L. was in San Francisco, suffering from the ague.
[28] Now, I believe, a carriage-road has been blasted out, following the Merced. But what it adds in comfort, it must lose in scenery.
[29] The evening before, I saw ladies at the opera, with their winter furs on.