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PREFACE
The first volume of this work, which comprised the Gifford Lectures given by me at St. Andrews in the years 1911 and 1912, dealt with the belief in immortality and the worship of the dead, as these are found among the aborigines of Australia, the Torres Straits Islands, New Guinea, and Melanesia. In the present volume I take up the subject at the point at which I broke off, and describe the corresponding belief and worship among the Polynesians, a people related to their neighbours the Melanesians by language, if not by blood. The first chapter formed the theme of two lectures delivered at the Royal Institution in 1916; the other chapters have been written for lectures at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1921 and 1922. But in the book the lecture form has been discarded, and the treatment of the subject is somewhat fuller than comports with the limits imposed by oral delivery.
Should circumstances allow me to continue the work, I propose in the next volume to treat of the belief in immortality and the worship of the dead among the Micronesians and Indonesians.
J. G. FRAZER.
No. 1 Brick Court, Temple,
London, 19th July 1922.
CONTENTS
| PAGES | ||
| [Preface] | [v] | |
| [Table of Contents] | [vii-ix] | |
| CHAP. | ||
| [I.] | The Belief in Immortality among the Maoris | [1-51] |
| § 1. The Polynesians | [1-5] | |
| § 2. The Maoris of New Zealand | [5-10] | |
| § 3. The Beliefs of the Maoris concerning the Souls of the Living | [10-19] | |
| § 4. The Beliefs of the Maoris concerning the Souls of the Dead | [19-37] | |
| § 5. Taboo among the Maoris | [37-50] | |
| § 6. Conclusion | [51] | |
| [II.] | The Belief in Immortality among the Tongans | [52-147] |
| § 1. The Tonga or Friendly Islands | [52-57] | |
| § 2. The Tonga Islanders, their Character, Mode of Life, and Government | [57-63] | |
| § 3. The Tongan Religion: its General Principles | [64-68] | |
| § 4. The Primary or Non-human Gods | [68-73] | |
| § 5. The Temples of the Gods | [73-77] | |
| § 6. Priests and their Inspiration | [77-79] | |
| § 7. The Worship of the Gods, Prayers, and Sacrifices | [79-84] | |
| § 8. The Doctrine of the Soul and its Destiny after Death | [84-91] | |
| § 9. The Souls of the Dead as Gods | [91-98] | |
| § 10. Temples and Tombs: Megalithic Monuments | [99-132] | |
| § 11. Rites of Burial and Mourning | [132-146] | |
| § 12. The Ethical Influence of Tongan Religion | [146-147] | |
| [III.] | The Belief in Immortality among the Samoans | [148-218] |
| § 1. The Samoan Islands | [148-156] | |
| § 2. The Samoan Islanders, their character | [156-163] | |
| § 3. Houses, Agriculture, and Industries | [163-169] | |
| § 4. Rights of Property | [169-171] | |
| § 5. Government, Social Ranks, Respect for Chiefs | [171-181] | |
| § 6. Religion: Gods of Families, Villages, and Districts | [181-192] | |
| § 7. Priests and Temples | [192-200] | |
| § 8. Origin of the Samoan Gods of Families, Villages, and Districts: Relation to Totemism | [200-202] | |
| § 9. The High Gods of Samoa | [202-205] | |
| § 10. The Samoan Belief concerning the Human Soul: Funeral Customs | [205-213] | |
| § 11. The Fate of the Human Soul after Death | [213-218] | |
| [IV.] | The Belief in Immortality among the Hervey Islanders | [219-245] |
| § 1. The Hervey or Cook Islands | [219-220] | |
| § 2. The Islanders and their Mode of Life | [220-223] | |
| § 3. Social Life: the Sacred Kings | [223-225] | |
| § 4. Religion, the Gods, Traces of Totemism | [225-229] | |
| § 5. The Doctrine of the Human Soul | [229-231] | |
| § 6. Death and Funeral Rites | [231-237] | |
| § 7. The Fate of the Human Soul after Death | [238-245] | |
| [V.] | The Belief in Immortality among the Society Islanders | [246-327] |
| § 1. The Society Islands | [246-248] | |
| § 2. The Islanders and their Mode of Life | [248-256] | |
| § 3. The Religion of the Society Islanders | [256-278] | |
| § 4. The Temples and Images of the Gods | [278-291] | |
| § 5. The Sacrifices, Priests, and Sacred Recorders | [291-296] | |
| § 6. The Doctrine of the Human Soul | [297-299] | |
| § 7. Disease, Death, and Mourning | [299-308] | |
| § 8. The Disposal of the Dead | [308-313] | |
| § 9. The Fate of the Soul after Death | [313-321] | |
| § 10. The Worship of the Dead | [322-327] | |
| [VI.] | The Belief in Immortality among the Marquesans | [328-374] |
| § 1. The Marquesas Islands | [328-331] | |
| § 2. Physical Appearance of the Natives | [331-333] | |
| § 3. Food, Weapons, Tools, Houses, Canoes, Fishing | [333-337] | |
| § 4. Polyandry, Adoption, Exchange of Names | [337-339] | |
| § 5. Amusements, Dancing-places, Banqueting-halls | [339-344] | |
| § 6. Social Ranks, Taboo | [344-347] | |
| § 7. Religion and Mythology | [348-352] | |
| § 8. The Soul, Death, and Funeral Customs | [352-363] | |
| § 9. Fate of the Soul after Death | [363-374] | |
| [VII.] | The Belief in Immortality among the Hawaiians | [375-431] |
| § 1. The Sandwich or Hawaiian Islands | [375-377] | |
| § 2. The Natives and their Mode of Life | [377-380] | |
| § 3. Houses, Mechanical Arts | [380-383] | |
| § 4. Government, Social Ranks, Taboo | [383-390] | |
| § 5. Religion, the Gods | [390-404] | |
| § 6. Priests, Sorcerers, Diviners | [404-406] | |
| § 7. Temples, Images, Human Sacrifices | [406-414] | |
| § 8. Festivals | [414-416] | |
| § 9. Death and Funeral Rites | [417-427] | |
| § 10. Fate of the Soul after Death | [427-431] | |
| [Index] | [433-447] | |