The Popes and Science / The History of the Papal Relations to Science During the Middle Ages and Down to Our Own Time

by James J. Walsh

INDEX

A
A.A.A.S. [311]Abditis de causis morborum [84]Accident of fevers [213]Achievement, human [306]Achillini [76], [92], [92], [105], [244]Achillinus (see above)
Addison [85]After-care of insane [371]Agenius, Otto [47]Agnostic [262]Agnus Dei [199]Albert (see Albertus)
Albertus Magnus [102], [134], [287], [295], [305], [324];
botany [318];
physical geography [318];
science [299];
scientific treatises [319];
scientific works [319]Albigenses [257]Albucasis [99]Alchemy [134], [135]Alderotti, Thaddeus [206]Alexander VI. [215], [231]Allbutt [83], [173], [185], [194], [196], [214], [506]Allston, Washington [391]Alma Mater Studiorum [94]Alphanus [94]America, discovery of [316]Amerigo Vespucci [283]Amalgam [135]Ampère [281]Anatomical preparations [46];
work at Rome [117]Anatomy,
history of [114], [62];
Father of [111];
Golden Age [30];
myths [61];
Renaissance of [112];
supposed prohibition [28]Anaxagoras [351]Aneurysms [243]Angelico [92]Angelo [90], [112]Angel butterfly [358]Angleworms dried [184]Annals of Anatomy and Surgery [116], [233]Annihilation [313]Anomalies [185]Antimony, Triumphal Chariot of [136]Antipodes [316]Ants [358]Applied science [329]Aquinas [135], [305], [323], [325]Arabisms [170]Arabs, surgical knowledge of [170], [192]Aranzi [245]Archives, Hospitaliêres [253]Ardern, John [188]Argelata [76]Aristotle [218], [292];
a man [298];
errors of [298]Arnold of Villanova [135], [186], [210]Arts and architecture [329];
seven devilish [145]Arts and Sciences, Congress of [173]Astrology [158], [212]Astronomy [140]Auenbrugger [243], [403]Augsburg [251]Augustine, St. [112], [327], [327]Authors, second-rate [315]Autopsy
on a living person [117];
on Cardinals [58]Autopsy, legal [72]Avicenna [99], [183]Avignon [79], [164], [182], [211];
development of [139]Azarias, Brother [344]
B
B. A. A. S. [311]Bacon, Francis [283], [332], [360]Bacon, Roger [134], [305], [321], [323], [327], [332]Baillie [85]Balliol College [95]Bartholomaeus Anglicus [338]Bartholomew the Englishman [336]Bartolo [270]Basel [105]Basil, Valentine [136]Bauhin [209]Baunette [308]Baverius de Baveriis [213]Bede [315]Bedlam [255], [372];
visitors' fees [373]Bedlamites [374]Bedlams [374]Bees [358]Belgium, Catholic [102]Bellinis [102]Benedict XIV. [218], [223]Benedictines and medicine [224];
of St. Maur [53], [54]Benivieni [83], [85], [99], [105]Berengar of Carpi [82], [86], [105], [115], [245], [399]Berengarius [77]Bertapaglia [77]Berthelot [132]Bertrand, M. [394]Bertrucci [92], [186]Besancon [254]Bethlehem Hospital [369], [372]Black Death [272]Blepharitis [208]Blood, shedding of [168], [191]
[{522}]
Bodleian [95]Body-snatching [37], [75]Boerhaave [244]Bologna [19], [119], [158], [158], [174], [192], [222];
a Papal City [82]Bolognese Medical School [244]Boniface VIII. [56], [112]Boniface's, Pope,
Bull [29];
Bull, meaning of [59];
misinterpretation [35];
reason for [32];
text [31];
where found [31]Books, medical, dedicated to Popes [235]Borelli [217]Botany [140], [158];
medieval [318]Brethren of the Common Life [97]Bridewell [255]Bright [85]Broeck [178]Brother Potamian [288]Brothers [254]Butterfly [358]
C
Caesalpino [319]Caesalpinus [18], [113], [119], [217], [236]Cahors [162], [162], appendix
Caius,
John [94];
College [94]Calendar, correction of [323]Cambridge Modern History [24]Cantharides [181]Carlyle [347]Cassiodorus [225]Catalepsy [214]Cataract [208], [230]Catarrh [180]Catherei [185]Catherine of Siena [272]Cecco di Ascolo [211]Charles V. [108], [116], [217]Chartres [228]Chauliac [45], [74], [176], [180], [181], [210];
self-made man [210]Chauvinism [237]Chemicum Theatrum [135]Chemistry, story of [134]Children attending schools [344]Chirurgia Magna [175], [187]Chirurgia Parva [187]Chlorosis, iron for [214]Christ's Hospital [255]Church and
art [21];
education [21];
letters [22];
science [22]Church, pressure of [190]Circulation of the blood [238]City Hospitals [248], [370]Classic histories misleading [25]Claude Bernard [233]Clavis Sanationis [209]Clavius, S. J., Father [217], [360]Cleanliness, surgical [279]Clement
V. [135], [150], [210];
VIII. [237];
XI. [242];
XIII. [219]Climate at Rome [243]Climatology [140]Cod liver oil [230]Cologne [251], [318], [325]Colony system [367], [372]Columbus [86], [90], [113], [216], [232]St. Côme College [195]Committee
of inspection [373];
of investigation [378]Concordance [134]Conflict, supposed, between religion and science [393]Congregation of St. Maur [54]Conspiracy against the Truth [24]Constantine Africanus [170]Conservation of energy [312]Consultation, Vesalius's [107]Constanz [251]Contact, without human [386]Content of medieval teaching [314]Copenhagen, University of [97]Copper and gold [309]Coquelines [146]Coro Anatomico [246]Corpus Juris Canonici [124]Corradi [74]Coryza [180]Cosmos [355]Coulomb [282]Cruikshank [121]Crusades of surgery [192]Cycles of interest [131]
D
Dante [341];
as a nature student [343];
architect [342];
like Goethe [348];
on education [361];
treatment of nature [347]Daremberg [188]Darwin [396]Daunou [54], [230];
Protestant tract [55]Decretals, sixth book of [56]Deduction [169], [200]Deductions in history [26]De Magnete [285]DeMaistre [24], [165], [284]Democritus [351]Demonical possession [366]De Motu Cordis [242]De Natura rerum [338]Denifle [305]De Re Anatomica [235]Desiderata for insane [371]Desiderius [227]Development of anatomy [63]Diabetes [180]Dillon, Arthur [266]Dino de Garbo [212]Director, surgical [183]Disease,
eradication [275];
What, Where [85] nothing [364]Disinterested scholars [302]Dissection
at Rome [59];
at Venice [38];
first 1302 [37];
numerous [77];
hero of [111];
in public [58];
permissions [51];
practice of [63];
Rashdall on [37];
supposed prohibition [29];
systematic [76];
was it hampered? [36];
wounds [47]Documentary evidence [25]Doctorates [154]Dogmatism [395]Donatello [112]Donatus [305]Donkey, breath of [167], [183]Draper, Dr. [284]Dropsy, cause [174]Ducks, queerest [203]Durities renum [174]
[{523}]
Dungeon era [368]Dympna, St. [376]Dysuria [180]
E
Earth, shape-size [315]Ecclesiastical institutions [339]Economics [412]Eddyism [364]Education
and Popes [19];
medical [65];
preliminary [141], [158];
Pope John XXII. and [141]Edward VI. [256]Elementis, De Quatuor [208]Elizabeth, Queen [94], [285]Empyema [185]Encyclopedia,
first [334];
Britannica [133]Energy, conservation [314]Engineering, mechanical [330]Epilepsy [214]Epochs, four marvelous [161]Era of asylums [368]Erhardt [368]Erysipelas [276]Essays, educational [344]Etruscans [151]Eugenie, Empress [289]Eustachius [18], [86], [114], [119], [216]Evolution,
footsteps of [390];
in human affairs [332];
of science [93]Exaggeration, pious [203]Experimentalism [297]Experiment in optics [348]Exorcism [368], [374]Extravagantes [31], [124]Eye diseases [229]
F
Fabrica, corporis humani [108]Fallopius [187]Falsification, crime of [125]Faraday [285]Father of electricity [265]Ferrara [243]Fevers [213]Finance [412]Firearms, wounds made by [215]Fisher, Dr. [233]Flies carry the plague [239]Florence [83]Fordham University Medical School [28], [267]Form [311]Fortune-teller [129]Foster, Sir Michael [107];
Prof. Med. [237]Fouarre, rue de [362]Foundation for modern thought [305]Foundling House [258]Fracassate [245]France [174]Franciscans [132], [287], [288], [290], [292], [327], [328], [369], [471], [514]Francis of Siena [213]Francis, Saint [328]Francis Speretis [381]Frankfort [251]Frederick II., body [34], [63]Free cities [333]Freind [187]Fulbert of Chartres [227]
G
Gairdner [256]Galen [183], [194]Galileo [16], [19], [239], [306], [332], [385]Galvani [282]Gardner [270]Generation, spontaneous [92]Gentilis [77]Geography [140]Geology, foundation [401]Gerbert [227]Gesner [319]Gheel [367]Ghent [273]Gilbert [305];
of Colchester [285]Giordano Bruno [393]Giliani, Alessandra [46]Giotto [92]Gladstone [393]Glaucoma [230]God's hostelry [260]Goisbert [227]Gold, bricks [15];
from sea water [15]Gonorrhoea [180]Gordon [185]Gould, Dr. Geo. M. [405]Government interfered [279]Grandfather of Vesalius [110]Graves rifled [75]Grecisms [170]Gregory
VII. [227];
IX. [205];
XI. [212]Guido, or Guy of Montpelier [250]Guinicelli [308]Guyot de Provins [308]Günther of Andernach [103]
H
Habits,
religious [278];
of prayer [376]Haeckel [39]3
Haeser [182]Haly [183]Hangman, touch of [183]Harvey [96], [119], [234], [306], [396], [397]Health, Key of [209]Heart as a muscle [400]Hildebrand [227]Hildier [227]Hirsch's Biographical Lexicon [242]Histoire Litteraire de la France [31], [53], [54]History lies [120], [122], [286]History
of Science [16];
of the Court of Rome [55]Hoefer [132]Holmes, Oliver Wendell [277], [405]Holy Ghost, sin against [35]Honorius
III. [273];
IV. [274]Hooke, Robert [405]Hospital
organization [248];
of Holy Spirit [250];
nursing [262];
community [273];
Siena [269];
for erysipelas [277]Hounds, bites of mad [181]House of God [266]House signs [253]Hugo De Senis [77]Humanitarian institutions [264]Humboldt [316];
on medical science [20], [355]Huxley on Galileo [17];
Prof. [394]Hydrophobia [181]Hypodermics [197]Hysteria [214]
[{524}]
I
Icterus [180]Ignatius Loyola [201]Ignorance,
sublime [26];
four grounds of [290]Il Convito [362]Image, waxen [145], [169]Indestructibility of matter [312]Induction [169]Infallibility [35], [143], [169]Ionization [311]Innocent
III. [249], [273], [276], [370];
XI. [240];
XII. [242]Inquisition [112], [118]Insane
colony [377];
non-violent [377];
brutally treated [378];
in the poor houses [378];
harmless [379]Insanity in Middle Ages [363]Inter ceteras curas [160]Interference, spiritual [380], [385]Intestines [185]Institutions, large [367]Institutional system [377]Instruments, illustrations of [181], [185]Intuition [384]Inunctions, mercurial [215]Investigations by experiment [296]Italy, post-graduate work in [96]
J
Jackson, Dr. Geo. [116]Jacques de Vitry [265]Janus [207], [228]Jelliffe

[367]Jenner [402]Jesuitism [50]Jesuits [232]Joannes de Tornamira [212]John XXII. [121];
and education [143], [207], [223]John of Chartres [227]John of Vigo [214]Jordan, David Starr [390]Jordan, Pres. [395]Joubert [197]Julius II. [214]
K
Kelly, Dr. Howard [239]Ken, Bishop [359]Kepler [385]Kircher [18,] [238]Knights Hospitalers [261]Knowledge, advance [306]Kopp [131]Kropotkin [180], [332]Kuhns, Prof. L. Oscar [347]
L
Lachrimal fistula [208]Laennec [403]Lancisi [241]Lane lectures [237]Lanfranc [68], [79], [173], [175]La Place [405]Lapponi, Dr. [214]Latin Empire [258]Lavoisier [393]Lead into silver [309]Leo
XIII. [138], [327];
X. [215]Leproseries [274]Le Sexte [56]Leyden [241]Liber Cosmographicus [317]Library of Canon and Civil Law [162]Linacre [93]Lionardo da Vinci [90]Lithium into copper [310]Livers, extracts [230]Lodge, Sir Oliver [383]Logic, groundwork of [64]Lombroso [383]Lords the Poor [260]Louis IX. [334];
body [34]Louvain [100];
University of [102]Lubbock, Sir John [359]Lucan [358]Lucretius [358]Lully, Raymond [308]Lunar rainbows [318]Lung Abscess [180]Lutheranism [102]Lyons Council [326]
M
Macaulay [284]Magnet in surgery [178]Mail and Express [266]Maison Dieu [260]Malgaigne [182], [194]Malingerers [273]Malpighi [18], [85], [96], [119], [217], [240]Manipulations, surgical [185]Mantegna [112]Marguerite of Burgogne [266]Marie of Burgundy [109]Mary, Queen [94]Massa [86]Massari [246]Maximilian I. [109]Medical Library and Hist. Journal [40], [121]Medical Schools of Rome [222]Medieval scientific books [23]Mental and nervous diseases [363]Method,
deductive [281];
inductive [283]Meyer, Ernest von [132]Meyer [209]Michel Angelo [90]Milan's magnificent hospital [269]Mineralogy [140], [157]Minerals [135]Miracles
to medicine [167];
belief in [199]Mitchell [405]Mivart, St. George [394]Mondino [37]Montagnano [78]Monte Cassino [205], [225]Montpelier, University of [79], [177], [182], [192]Morgagni [99], [219];
forerunner of [83];
eighth daughter of [222];
son a Jesuit [221]Morgan, Augustus de, on Galileo [16]Morley, Henry [291]München [251]
[{525}]
N
Naples [325]Natural
phenomena [340];
science [340]Nature,
interest in [335];
laws of [387]Naudé [205]Neckam, Abbot [308]Necropsies [85]Newark [188]Newman, Cardinal, on Galileo [16]Newton [306]Nicaise [182]Nicholas,
Pope [137];
IV. [208];
V. [213]Nothingness [313]Novelty [392]Novum Organum [284], [293]Nüremberg [332]
O
Observation, powers of [300]Ohm [282], [408]Open door [367], [371], [374]Opposition,
ecclesiastical [62];
popular [62]Opposition to the progress of science [396]Opus Tertium [134], [288];
Majus [292]Ordures [183]Ovid [358]Oxford [324]
P
Padua [77], [83], [106];
University at [394]Palmist [129]Pagel [171], [177], [190], [319]Papal Medical School [26], [66], [89], [119], [222]Papal
bulls [26];
Curia [113];
Physicians [118], [202]Paracelsus [118], [137]Paré [174]Paris [152], [158], [192], [317], [325]Pasteur [289], [409]Pathology, father of [84]Patients scourged [375]Patron of students [331]Paul
III. [113], [232];
IV. [113], [114]Peregrinus [307]Permissions to dissect [51]Perugia University [149], [156], [161]Perugino [162], [243]Petella [207], [229]Peter of Chartres [227]Peter of Spain [207], [208]Pharmacology [158]Phenomena,
psychic [381];
occult [381]Philip Le Bel [177]Philip II. [217]Philosopher's stone [135], [308]Philosophy encouraged [22]Phosphorescence [355]Phreas, John [95]Phthisis [180]Physicians, Royal College of [93]Physicians,
thinking [201];
of educated people [203]Physical geography [317]Physics, treatise on [298]Piccolomini [216], [235]Pilcher, Prof., on Mondino [89], [45], [48], [64], [66]Pilgrimage for insane [375], [376]Pious Schools, Society of [218]Pius IV. [235]Poggendorf [286]Poissin [405]Polypus [85]Pope Clement [327]Popes encouraged anatomy and medical sciences [113] (For separate Popes see names)
Pope John and education [141]Popularizers in science [283]Possessed [368]Possession [380]Potamian, Brother [307]Practice of medicine [65]Prayer for mental diseases [376]Prerequisite for degree [159]President, our [143]Priestley [286]Prime matter [311]Prince Kropotkin [330], [345]Prospectus of Medical School [157]Protestant tradition [24]Psalms [178]Psychopathic wards [368]Ptolemaic [353]Public buildings [269]Puccinotti [69], [75]Puschmann [41], [58], [75], [171], [298], [319]Pythagoras [351]
Q
Questions, medical [237]
R
Rabies, treatment for [409]Ramsay, Sir Wm. [310]Raphael [90], [162]Rashdall [73];
History of Universities [37]Ratisbon, Bishop of [324]Reason for false tradition [24]Reed, Major Walter [239]Reformation, so-called [166], [190]Reform of philosophizing [293]Regius professors [193]Regulation of medical practice [65]Religious care for the sick [263]Renaissance [80]Renaissance of science [91]Resurrection of [91]Ricardus Anglicus [205]Ricardus Paresiensis [205]Richard the Englishman [205]Richet [383]Roger [170], [192]Rome [325];
Roman University [164]Rosarium [132]Rostock, University of [155]Roth [70], [76]Rovere, Cardinal Della [14]Ruskin [342]
S
Saintsbury [303]Saladin [261]Salerno [65];
history of [130]
[{526}]
Salicet [173], [221]Sanitarium [371]Sapienza [215]Sarti [67]Schacht [137]Scheit [137]Scholasticism [302], [303]Scholarship, profound [299]School street in Oxford [362]Science, Medieval [301], [335]Science
in modern universities [304];
chemical [120]Scientia Experimentalis [292]Scientists believers [282]Scirrhus [85]Scotus, Michael [102]Segregation, leprosy [275]Semmelweiss [407]Servetus [393], [399], [400]Shrines [375]Sicilies, dissection in [63]Siena, story of [270]Sighart [317]Simon Januensis [203]Sir Wm. Crookes [382]Sister of Holy Ghost [254]Skeleton of felon [104]Skeletons [105]Snake, bite of [181]Social ostracism [127]Sociology [412]South Pole [315]Speakman, Eliz. [259]Speculum Naturale [334]Sphericity of the earth [316]Spirit interference [385]Spiritist [129]Spiritual manifestations [381]Spiritual interference [366]Spiritual interference in human life [366]Spiritual world [380]Spondent pariter [122]St. Anthony's fire [272]St. Bartholomew's [255]St. Catherine of Siena [272]St. Charles Seminary [146]St. Côme [194]St. Dympna [376]St. Francis [162], [328]St. Francis's fire [276]St. Gallen [251]St. Thomas's Hospital [256]St. Victor [205]Stagirite [292]Stars,
shooting [351];
fixed [352]Steinschneider [209]Steno [96], [400]Stensen [96]Stenosis [85]Stone, philosopher's [125]Strangury [180]Strasburg [72]Structural work [330]Students
clerics [339];
of medicine [157]Sturdy vagrants [274]Sudden Death [242]Suggestions, strong [375]Summa Theologiae [298]Super Illius specula [128]Superficiality of our education [21]Superstition [184]Surgeons
ecclesiastics [169];
dishonorable [171]Surgeons, Middle Ages [172]Surgery,
history of [68];
prohibition of [169]Surgery,
father of [193];
prejudice against [194]Swift, Dean [391]Sylvester II. [227]Syncope [214]Synonyma Medicinae [209]Synonymies [209]
T
Taxes [185]Telepathy [384]Temporal power [55]Tents [183]Tertullian [112]Thaddeus [206]Theobald V., King [335]Theodoric [183]Theological discouragement [167]Theological opposition [167]Theophastus [319]Thirteenth Greatest of Centuries [322]Thomas of Cantimprato [336]Thomson [132], [135], [405]Thrombosis of the mesenteric vein [85]Thule [315]Tolerance for scientific investigation [116]Thomassetti [146]Tooth, dead man's [167], [183]Töply [58], [67];
von [41]Tozzi [218], [240]Traditions, blood-fearing [192]Tramp [274]Transmutation of metals [309]Trent, Council of [204]Trephining [185]Trithemius [137]Trowbridge [343]Tuberculosis, crusade against [276]Turner [86], [115], [245], [304]Twelve, College of, Physicians [211]Tycho-Brahe [360]Tyndall [238]
U
Ulcers, carcinomatous [183]Umbrian School [162]University curriculus, medieval [301], [303]University
books [304];
teaching [329]University, Papal [15]University of the City of Rome [223]Urban VI. [211]
V
Valentine [136]Valsalva [99], [194]Van Swieten [241]Varolius [217]Vatican [88]Vecchetta [271]Venice [72], [88], [106]Verocchio [112]Verona [174]
[{527}]
Vesalius [35], [51], [100];
great-grandfather [109];
inquisitive [101];
ancestry [109];
father [110];
as consultant [112];
life of [116], [216]Vibrations in the ether [384]Vienna Medical School [241]Villani [345]Villanova, Arnold of [210]Vincent of Beauvais [334]Virchow 251, [256]Virgil [407]Visitor's fees, Bedlam [373]Vitry [308]
W
Wallace, Alfred Russell [386]Walsh [144]Wards, cheerless, white [268]Ward for psychic cases [367]Warfare, Theology, Science [29]Weismann [393]Wenzel, Emperor [169]Whewell [293]White, Andrew D. [29];
on dissection [49];
universal prohibition [20], [112], [122], [128], [130], [171], [199], [369]William of Salicet [68], [79]Workmen of Lyons [326]World, immaterial [383]Wurz [174]
Y
Young, Dr. Thomas [404]Yperman [178]Ypres [178]
Z
Zerbi [105]Zoology [158]Zurich [251]