| 1202 | Fourth great crusade under Boniface, marquis of Montferrat. |
| 1204 | The English stripped of Normandy, etc., by Philip Augustus of France. |
| 1206 | Jenghis-Khan: foundation of the great empire of the Moguls. |
| 1212 | Battle of Ubeda: defeat and fall of Almohads of Africa. |
| 1213 | John Lackland acknowledges himself vassal of the pope. |
| 1213 | Battle of Bouvines won by Philip Augustus. |
| 1215 | Magna Charta. The palatinate of the Rhine goes to the house of Wittelsbach. |
| 1217 | Crusade of Andrew II., King of Hungary. |
| 1218 | Extinction of the dukes of Zarringuia: Switzerland becomes an immediate province of the empire. |
| [{431}] |
| 1222 | Charter or decree of Andrew II., basis of the Hungarian constitution. |
| 1226 | Renewal of the League of Lombardy to oppose the Emperor Frederick II. |
| 1227 | Battle of Bornhoeved in Holstein: Waldemar II., King ofDenmark, loses his conquests on the southern coast of the Baltic. |
| 1228 | Crusade of the Emperor Frederick II. |
| 1230 | The Teutonic order establishes itself in Prussia. Conquest of the Balearic islands by the King of Aragon. |
| 1235 | Formation of the Duchy of Brunswick in favor of the house of the Guelphs. |
| 1236 | Conquest of the Kingdoms of Cordova, Murcia and Seville by the Castilians. |
| 1237 | Conquest of Russia by Baton-Khan: origin of the Mogul or Tartar horde of Kaptschak. |
| 1241 | Invasion of Poland, Silesia, and Hungary by the Moguls. |
| 1248 | Crusade of St. Louis, King of France. |
| 1250 | Beginning of the great interregnum in Germany. |
| 1254 | Accessions of the emperors of different houses in Germany. End ofthe dominion of the Agubites in Egypt and Syria; beginning of the empireof the Mamelukes. |
| 1256 | Enfranchisement of the serfs at Bologna in Italy. |
| 1261 | Michel Paleologus, emperor of Nice, takes Constantinople; end of the empire of the Latins. |
| 1265 | Accession of the house of Anjou to the throne of the Two Sicilies. |
| 1266 | Admission of the Commons to the Parliament of England. |
| 1268 | Corradino decapitated at Naples; extinction of the house ofHohenstaufen. Suabia and Franconia become immediate provinces of theempire. |
| 1271 | The county of Toulouse passes to the King of France, and the Venaissin to the Pope. |
| 1273 | Accession of the Emperor Rudolph of Hapsburg to the throne of the empire: first election by the seven electors. |
| 1282 | Conquest of Wales by the King of England. |
| 1282 | The Sicilian Vespers, the kingdom of Sicily passes to the King ofAragon. The Emperor Rudolph gives to his sons the duchies of Austria;foundation of the house of Hapsburg. |
| 1283 | The Teutonic order completes the conquest of Prussia. |
| 1289 | Extinction of the male line of the old race of Scotch kings. Contest of Baliol and Bruce. |
| 1290 | Decline of the republic of Piza. Aggrandizement of that of Genoa. |
| 1291 | Taking of Ptolemais and Tyre by the Mamelukes. End of the crusades. |
| 1294 | Decline of the Mogul empire at the death of Kublai-Khan. |
| 1298 | Introduction of an hereditary aristocracy at Venice. |
| 1300 | Foundation of the modern Turkish empire by Ottoman I. First Jubilee proclaimed by Pope Boniface VIII. |