THE CARNOT NEGATIVE CYCLE

This is simply the positive cycle reversed. The reader should puzzle it out for himself if he is not already familiar with it. It consists of an adiabatic contraction 2→1, an isothermal contraction 1→4, an adiabatic expansion 4→3, and an isothermal expansion 3→2. A quantity of heat, Q₁, is taken from the refrigerator at a temperature T₁°, and another quantity, Q₂, is given up to the source at a temperature T₂°. But Q₂ is greater than Q₁, and the engine therefore gives up more heat than it receives, while, further, heat flows from a body at a low temperature to another body at a higher temperature. Where does the engine get this energy from? It gets it because work is done upon it by means of an outside agency, and all of this work is converted into heat.