RUMINITIS. INFLAMMATION OF THE RUMEN.
Prevalence in different genera. Causes, as in tympany and impaction, irritants, specific fevers. Symptoms: impaired rumination, tympanies, impactions, depraved appetite, fever, nervous disorders. Lesions: hyperæmia, petechiæ, exudates, ulcers, desquamation, swollen or shrunken papillæ. Treatment: remove cause, mucilaginous food, or gruels, sodium sulphate, or chloride, bismuth, bitters, mustard cataplasm, electricity.
This is not a prevalent disease but affects animals at all periods of life and is a cause of tardy and difficult digestion and rumination. It usually shows itself as a catarrhal inflammation and by favoring fermentation in the food, and torpor of the muscular walls of the organ contributes to tympany and impaction. It is more common in the ox than in the sheep owing, perhaps, to the more habitual overloading of the stomach and to the hurried, careless manner of feeding. In the goat it is rare.
Causes. Among the causes may be named tympany and overloading, so that all the dietary faults that lead to these may be set down as causes of inflammation. Irritants taken with the food, whether in the form of acrid plants (ranunculaceæ, euphorbiaceæ, etc.), musty fodder, irritant products in spoiled fodder, aliments which are swallowed while very hot or in a frozen state, and foreign bodies of an irritating kind are especially liable to induce it. Congestions of the paunch are not uncommon in specific infectious diseases like Rinderpest, malignant catarrh, anthrax, and Texas fever, and specific eruptions sometimes appear in aphthous fever and sheeppox.
Symptoms. Rumination is slow and irregular, appetite capricious, tympanies appear after each feed, and there is a marked tendency to aggregation of the ingesta in solid masses, which resist the disintegration and floating which is necessary to rumination, and favor the occurrence of putrid fermentation. There is usually a tendency to lick earth, lime from the walls, and the manger, and a depraved appetite shown in a desire to chew and swallow foreign bodies of many kinds. Vomiting or convulsive rejection of the contents of the rumen is not unknown (Vives, Pattaes). There is slight fever with heat of the horns and ears, dry muzzle, and tenderness to pressure on the left flank. The bowels may be alternately relaxed and confined, and bad cases may end in a fatal diarrhœa. In other cases the disease may become acute and develop nervous symptoms, as in tympany and impaction. When the disease takes a favorable turn, under a careful ration, recovery may be complete in eight or ten days.
Lesions. These are violet or brownish patches of hyperæmia on the mucosa of the rumen, circumscribed ecchymoses, exudates in the sense of false membranes and even pin’s head ulcerations. On the affected portions the mucosa is swollen, puffy, dull and covered with mucus, and epithelium may desquamate. The papillæ are often red, and thickened or shrunken and shortened. In the specific affections like aphthous fever and sheeppox the lesions are rounded vesicles containing liquid. The ingesta is more or less packed in masses.
Treatment. If irritant foreign bodies have been taken rumenotomy is demanded. If caustic alkalies, acetic or other mild acid. If acids, lime water or magnesia. Feed well boiled flax seed, or farina gruels, and wheat bran or middlings in limited quantity. Solids may be at first withheld, coarse or indigestible food must be. It may be necessary to rouse the organ by 10 or 12 ozs. of sulphate of soda with a little common salt and abundance of thin gruels as drink. As a tonic the animal may take nitrate of bismuth ½ oz., powdered gentian ½ oz., and nux vomica 20 grains, twice a day. The application of a mustard pulp or of oil of turpentine on the left side of the abdomen may also be resorted to. A weak current of electricity through the region of the paunch for twenty minutes daily is often of great service.