LATRINES, SINKS, ETC.
115. Latrines and sinks for the reception of garbage, etc., are objects of the greatest importance in all camps, temporary or permanent; and, unless properly made and cared for, they speedily make their presence known, and become a most prolific source of discomfort and disease.
For permanent camps liable to be occupied for a long time special arrangements for the disinfection, removal, and destruction of garbage and excreta must be made. For temporary camps it will suffice to provide pits with suitable conveniences and screens; covering with a thin layer of the excavated earth all deposited garbage and excreta before they become offensive. When, as is sometimes the case, these pits cannot be kept free from water, it may be necessary to use in addition lime, copperas, carbolic acid, or other chemical disinfectants and deodorizers.
The ordinary constructions used in temporary camps are shown in [Pl. X], Figs. 104-107. Separate latrines for officers are constructed and screened. The seat shown in Fig. 107, when one can be obtained, adds much to their comfort.
In more permanent camps the latrines may be roofed and screened with canvas or boards, and board seats be provided for the men. Uninclosed sinks and latrines should have earthen banks all around them, to indicate their position and to prevent men walking into them at night. Upon abandoning a camp all sinks and latrines are to be disinfected and filled up.