Exercise on John 1, 1-5.
1 Ἐν[1] ἀρχῇ[2] ἦν[3] ὁ[4] Λόγος,[5] καὶ[6] ὁ[4] Λόγος[6] ἦν[3] In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was
2 πρὸς[7] τὸν[8] θεόν,[9] καὶ[6] θεὸς[10] ἦν[3] ὁ[4] Λόγος.[5] Οὗτος[11] with God, and God was the Word. This one
3 ἦν[3] ἐν[1] ἀρχῇ[2] πρὸς[7] τὸν[8] θεόν.[9] Πάντα[12] δι'[13] was in the beginning with God. All things by
αὐτοῦ[14] ἐγένετο,[15] καὶ[6] χωρὶς[16] αὐτοῦ[14] ἐγένετο[15] οὐδὲ[17] him were made, and without him was made not even
4 ἓν[18] ὃ[19] γέγονεν.[20] Ἐν[1] αὐτῷ[21] ζωὴ[22] ἦν,[3] καὶ[6] one thing which has been made. In him life was, and
5 ἡ[23] ζωὴ[22] ἦν[3] τὸ[24] φῶς[25] τῶν[26] ἀνϑρώπων·[27] καὶ[6] τὸ[24] the life was the light of men; and the
φως[25] ἐν[1] τῇ[28] σκοτίᾳ[29] φαίνει,[30] καὶ[6] ἡ[23] σκοτία[31] light in the darkness shines, and the darkness
αὐτὸ[32] οὐ[33] κατέλαβεν.[34] it not admitted.
Directions.--Spell the Greek, giving the English equivalents of the consonants, (as in [§ 1],) and the exact phonetic value or sound of the vowels. Call the rough breathing h. Be careful to put the spoken accent where it is written. Continue this practice through all the passages given in the following lessons, until the words can be pronounced readily and accurately. Familiarize yourself with the forms of the letters by writing them. Let the pupil do this while learning the foregoing grammatical lessons, and after the recitation of each of them let the teacher direct attention, while the passage at the head of the reading lessons is pronounced, to the examples illustrating each point, as they occur--by way of paradigm.
Parsing Notes on the Above.
1. Ἐν--prep. atonic, [§ 3]; stands first, [§ 98].
2. ἀρχῇ--noun, from nom. ἀρχή, 1st decl. fem., [§ 28]; circumflex, [§ 6]; local dat., [§ 88]; emphatic position, [§ 98].
3. ἦν--verb, irreg. in μι, [§ 69]; 3d pers. sing. imperf. indic. act., [§ 47]; ν appended irreg. as ending, [§ 49]; long vowel, [§ 67].
4. ὁ--art., nom. masc. sing., [§ 39]; agrees with its noun, [§ 73]; following, [§ 98].
5. Αόγος--noun, 2d decl. nom. sing. masc., [§ 30]; subject of ἡν, [§ 76]; balances clause, [§ 98].
6. καί--conj., changed accent, [§ 5]; position, [§ 98].
7. πρός--prep., lit., towards; gov. acc., [§ 27]; accent, [§ 5].
8. τόν--art., acc. sing. masc., [§ 39]; agreement, [§ 73].
9. θεόν--noun, lit., [the] deity; 2d decl. masc., [§ 25]; acc. sing., [§ 30]; government, [§ 94]; position, [§ 98].
10. θεός--same as [9]; nom. agreeing with subj., [§ 71]; without the art. because the predicate; emphatic position, [§ 98].
11. Οὖτος--pron., [§ 39]; agrees with Αόγος, understood ([§ 73]) as subj. of sentence; first as connective; accent, [§ 6]; and breathing, [§ 10].
12. Πάντα --adj. pron., from τάς, (stem, πάντ); 3d decl. nom. plur. neut., [§ 32]; indef. without noun expressed, [§ 74]; subject of sentence; emphatic position, [§ 98].
13. δι'--prep, for δια, with final letter elided, [§ 22].
14. αὐτοῦ--adj. pron. used as personal; gen. masc. sing., [§ 30]; causal, [§ 82]. Gen. and dat. of 1st and 2d decl. are always circumflex when accented on last syllable.
15. ἐγένετο--verb, came to be, lit., was born; from γίνομαι, (for γίγνομαι, strengthened [[§ 63]] by reduplication, [[§ 67],] and then contracted for γιγεν;) depon., [§ 40]; true root γεν, [our kin,] [§ 57], here appearing in 2d aor. mid., [§ 48]; ἐ is simple aug., (hence the verb is in the indic., [§ 60];) third ε is mood-vowel, [§ 42]; το is 3d pers. sing. mid., [§ 49]; agreement with subj., [§ 78].
16. χωρίς--prep., lit., apart; accent, [§ 5]; case after, [§ 81].
17. οὐδέ--compound neg. particle, from οὐ and δε.
18. ἓv--numeral adj., [§ 74]; 3d decl. nom. sing. neut., [§ 32]; subj. of ἐγένετο.
19. ὃ--relative adj., [§ 39]; 2d decl. nom. sing. neut., [§ 34]; agreement, [§ 73]; subj. of γέγονε.
20. γέγονεν--verb, same as [15]; root-vowel changed in perf. mid., [§ 63]; γε is reduplication, [§ 60]; last ε is mood-vowel of indic., [§ 42]; no additional ending, [§ 44]; hence 3d pers. sing. (perf.) act., [§ 52]; final ν added before pause, [§ 17].
21. αὐτῳ-- pron., same as [14]; dat. sing. masc., [§ 30]; government, as [2].
22. ζωή --noun, 1st decl. fem. nom. sing., [§ 28]; subject of verb following.
23. ἡ--art., fem. nom. sing., [§ 39]; agrees with ζωή, [§ 73]; atonic, [§ 3].
24. τό--art., neut. nom. sing., [§ 39]; agrees with φῶς.
25. φῶς--noun, 3d. decl. nom. sing. neut., (stem φῶτ for φάοτ); ς here added (as some neut. nouns have) and τ dropped, [§ 14]; predicate nom., [§ 71].
26. τῶν--art., gen. plur. masc., [§ 39]; agreement, [§ 73].
27. ἀνϑρώπων--noun, from ἄν. ϑρωπος; 2d decl. gen. plur. masc., [§ 32]; government, [§ 86]; accent, [§ 4].
28. τῇ--art., dat. sing. fem., [§ 39]; agreement, [§ 73].
29. σκοτία--noun from σκοτία; 1st decl. dat. sing. fem., [§ 29]; final α, [§ 29]; ι subscript, [§ 9]; government, [§ 88].
30. φαίνει--verb, from φαίνω; root, φαν, strengthened, [§ 64]; ε is mood-vowel of indic., [§ 42]; final ι is tense-ending of pres. 3d sing. act., [§ 49]; agrees with φῶς, [§ 76].
31. σκοτία--noun, as [29]; nom. sing., subj. of clause.
32. αὐτό--pron., as [21]; acc. neut. sing., [§ 39]; object of κατέλαβε, [§ 97].
33. οὐ-- simple neg. adv.; atonic, [§ 3].
34. κατέλαβεν--verb, from καταλαμβάνω; comp. of κατά, down, and λαμβάνω, I receive; the root of the simple verb is λαβ, here appearing in the 2d Aor., [§ 57]; aug., [§ 60], excluding final α of prep., [§ 61]; last ε likewise shows indic., [§ 42]; no tense-ending in 3d pers. sing. act. secondary, [§ 49] ν appended. [§ 17]. The tense expresses the act of the Jews in rejecting Christ.