INDEX.
Abstraction, in representation of character in comedy, [358], [359], [367].
Absurd, the, as laughable, [110], [152], [216], [217], [239], [294].
Addison, Jos., [30] note, [95], [304] note, [354], [355], [423].
Affectation, in comedy, [351].
Ainger, Alfred, [390] note.
Allin, A. See Hall, G. S.
Analogy of feeling, [191].
Angell, J. R., [33] note, [36] note.
Animals; ticklishness of, [57] 162, [163], [177]; laughter of, [156], [161], [170], [172], [177]; tricks of, [157]; sense of fun in, [158], [160]; play of, [158] ff.
Apes. See Animals.
Apperception, [14], [59], [127], [130], [131], [135].
Apprehension, dissolved, as cause of laughter. See Fear.
Apuleius, [290].
Arabian Nights, [264].
Aristophanes, [282], [292], [348], [352], [357], [360], [371], [378].
Aristotle, [120], [412], [413], [416], [417] note, [418], [420].
Art, amusing function of, [343] (Chapter XI.); origin of, [344]; scope for exhibition of laughable in, [345]; humour in essays, etc., [390], [391] (see Fiction, Comedy).
Artificial, comedy, [371]; world of comedy, [373], [377].
Assimilation in social evolution, [276], [286].
Assimilative force of laughter, [272].
Austen, Jane, [378].
Bacon, Francis, on laughter, [22].
Bain, Alexander, his theory of the ludicrous, [121]–124, [140], [143]; on cruelty of savage laughter, [232] note.
Balzac, H. de, [379].
Barrie, J. M., [242].
Barrow, Isaac, [419].
— John, [236] note.
Bashkirtseff, M., [321].
Bates, H. W., [223].
Beating, as comic incident, [348].
Beddard, F. E., [171].
Bédier, Jos., [262] note, [263] note, [264], [270] note, [312] note.
Belittling of idea, as cause of laughter, [9].
Benevolent, mirthfulness as, [417].
Bergk, Th., [346], [360] note, [381].
Bergson, H., [7], [8] note, [104], [114], [140] note, [348] note, [367] note, [374], [413] note.
Bonwick, Jas., [224], [243], [250].
Born, Bertran de, [263].
Bosanquet, B., [6] note.
Bridgman, Laura, [170].
Browne, Thomas, [390].
Brutal laughter, [89], [97], [143], [231]–233, [315], [381].
Bülow, H. von, [330] note.
Burchell, W. J., [239].
Burton, R. F., [229], [245], [253].
Butler, Samuel, [115].
Butt, of wit, [355].
Buyer and seller, laughter between, [270].
Campbell, Harry, [35] note.
Capes, B., [325] note.
Carlyle, T., [36], [49], [299], [390], [400], [404] 416.
Carus, Paul, [12] note.
Cervantes, S. M. de, [282], [310], [314], [389].
Champneys, F. H., [165].
Character, the laughable in, [133], [307], [315], [321]; incongruity between circumstances and, [318], [369]; interest in, [318], [358]; presentation of, in comedy, [357]–370. {434}
Chaucer, G., [30] note.
Chesterfield, Earl of, [1].
Child, development of laughter in (Chapter VII.); first laughter of triumph, [83], [198], [200], [204], [210]; sayings of, as laughable, [106]; degradation theory applied to laughter of, [123], [124], [137]; beginnings of smile and laugh in, [164]–168, [188]; spontaneous laughter of, [187], [207]; extension of field of laughable, for, [191], [192]; growth of self-feeling in laughter of, [192], [203], [205]; growing complication of laughter of, [192], [193]; early laughter of joy, [194]–198; early laughter of play, [194], [198]–207, [211], [212]; early laughter of teasing, [201]–203; early defiance of order, [203], [204], [211], [213]; first roguish laughter, [205], [206]; early appreciation of the laughable, [207]–217; first laughter at sounds, [209]–212; early feeling of propriety, [211]–215.
Choral laughter, [247], [258], [295]; decline of, [429].
Cibber, Colley, [292] note.
Cicero, [384].
Class, differentiation of, [247], [258], [259]; changes in, as laughable, [287].
Clergy, laughter at the, [109], [262], [267], [294], [346]; laughter of the, [283].
Coleridge, S. T., [364], [374] note.
Collier, Jeremy, [411].
Combat, playful, as origin of laughter of tickling, [179]–181.
Comedy (Chapter XI.), Greek, [264], [291], [346], [353], [361], [389] (see also Aristophanes); of the Restoration, [283], [287], [370]–373, [383]; Roman, [291], [376] (see also Plautus, Terence); conditions of the rise of, [347]; elements of primitive laughter in, [348]–357, [379]; of Incident, [357]; of Manners, [357], [370]–373, [376]; of Character, [357]–370; Elizabethan, [361]; point of view of, [368]–377, [410]; mood addressed by, [370], [373], [375], [377], [412]; attitude of, towards morality, [372]–377, [411]; limits to, [377]; approach to point of view of, in fiction, [378]; satirical element in, [381]; humour in, [387]; corrective function of, [411]–414; Modern, [413].
Comic art, rudiments of, in savage life, [250].
— the, distinguished from the laughable, [86].
Common-sense. See Point of View.
Concept, function of the, in laughter, [7], [13], [130]–133, [135].
Congreve, W., [357], [370], [372], [411].
Conservative force of laughter, [257], [261]. See Progress.
Contagiousness of laughter, [42], [186], [255].
Conte, the mediæval, [34], [86], [91], [262], [267], [284], [292], [311], [346], [373].
Contempt, laughter of, [78], [83], [89], [97], [118], [142], [205], [234], [299], [320], [380].
Contests, laughter in, [78], [83]; laughter at the sight of, [117]; of the sexes, see Woman, Laughter of Man and.
Contrariety, theory of. See Incongruity.
Contrast, effect of, in comic characters, [365].
Coquelin, B. C., aîné, [109].
— cadet, [86] note.
Corrective function of laughter. See Value of Laughter.
Counteractives of laughter, [84], [88], [90], [93], [96], [98], [101], [102], [111].
Courdaveaux, V., [130] note.
Courthope, W., [361] note.
Cruickshank, B., [225], [226], [235].
Culture, gradations of, [284]; spread of, [286], [288].
Curtius, Ernst, [277] note.
Custom, effect of, on laughter, [84], [294], [318].
Customary, the, as standard in comedy, [375]–377.
Cynicism in modern laughter, [431].
Dante, Alighieri, [30], [425].
Darwin, C., [26], [38], [40], [57], [60], [63], [70], [71], [156], [159], [162], [163], [164], 169, [170], [171], [172], [177], [224], [227], [280].
Daudet, A., [378].
David, Mrs. F. W. E., [229].
Deformity, as laughable, [89], [231].
— moral. See Vice.
Degradation, theory of (moral theory), [119]–125, [128], [137], [153].
Dennett, R. E., [251].
Descartes, R., [70].
Descending incongruity, [137].
Deschamps, E., [222] note. {435}
Detachment in humorous observation, [331], [337], [407]–409.
Dickens, C., [158], [329], [388].
Difference, judgment of, [15] note.
Dignity, loss of, as laughable, [99], [119]–125, [128], [136], [213], [214], [266].
Discomfiture, the sight of, as laughable, [117].
Disguise, in comedy, [349], [369].
Disorder, as laughable, [94], [266], [342]; in comedy, [371].
Dog, the. See Animals.
Doran, John, [291].
Dugas, L., [47] note, [130] note, [149] note, [306] note, [400] note, [413] note.
Edgeworth, R. L. and M., [313] note.
Education, laughter in, [426].
Egede, Hans, [223] note, [249].
Eliot, George, [109], [271], [298], [299], [385] note, [386] note, [389].
Ellis, W., [224], [235], [237].
Embarrassment, relief from, producing laughter, [228], [238].
Emotions, James’ theory of, [40]; development of, [189]; fusion of, [308]–310.
Epicureans, [397].
Estimable, the, in the laughable, [306], [310], [317].
Evolutional utility of laughter, [408], [431].
Excellence, laughter as an, [3], [416], [422], [423].
Expectation, annulled, as cause of laughter, [9], [12], [18], [64], [125], [126]–130.
Fabliau. See Conte.
Fanciful world of comedy, [372], [373], [377].
Fantastic ideas, as laughable, [88].
Fashion, definition of, [273]; movements of, [273]; as restrained by custom, [275]; as laughable, [276]–279.
Father and child, relation of, in comedy, [265], [353], [361].
Fear, relief from nascent, as element in tickling, [63]; laughter as reaction from, [65], [176], [199]; as inhibitory of laughter, [88].
Feeling tone, of sensations of tickling, [54]; of humour, [305], [310]; of comic mood, [370], [376].
Fiction, prose, comic point of view in, [378], [379]; addressed to a reflective mood, [379]; humour in, [387]–390.
Fitzmaurice-Kelly, J., [314] note.
Flaubert, G., [306].
Fools, [249], [250], [291], [343]; “Feast of,” [346].
Fouillée, A., [137].
Fox, fable of the, [382].
French, the, gaiety of, [311].
Fun, sense of, in children, [64], [76], [77], [87], [112], [125], [137], [140], [169], [176], [181], [194], [315]; in savages, [234], [252]; in comedy, [347]–350, [353], [357], [369].
Future of laughter, [427].
Gardner, P., [264], [292] note, [343] note, [346] note.
Genetic method, necessity of, in studying the ludicrous, [154].
Gillen, F. J. See Spencer, B.
Gillray, Jas., [293] note.
Gladness, as expressed in laughter, [71], [195]. See Pleasure.
Goethe, J. W. von, [283], [426].
Goldsmith, O., [298], [328], [387], [388], [424].
Gratiolet, L. P., [31].
Grey, George, [250].
Grief, as causing laughter, [66], [67]; resemblance of manifestation of, to laughter, [70], [309].
Groos, K., [146], [147] note, [148] note, [158] note, [182] note.
Habit, effect of, on child’s laughter, [188], [190]; effect of, on emotional reaction, [190]. See Custom.
Hall, G. Stanley, and Allin, A., on laughter, [28], [52], [66], [83]; on tickling, [177], [178], [182].
Hardy, Thos., [103].
Harmful tendencies of laughter, [37], [46], [415], [418], [420], [422]. See Laughter.
Harris, J. C., [251].
Hartshorne, B. F., [222].
Hat, unsuitable, as instance of the ludicrous, [9]–17.
Hazlitt, W. C., [137], [138] note, [268], [354].
Hecker, E., [184] note.
Hegel, G. W. F., [5].
Hegelians, on the comic, [4]. {436}
Heymans, G., [64].
Hill, Leonard, [57], [58], [61], [165] note, [169], [178], [179], [188].
Hobbes, T., his theory of the ludicrous, [120], [140], [143], [203].
Höffding, H., [306] note.
Hogan, Mrs. L. E., [188], [209], [212], [215], [217].
Homer, [89], [96], [97], [108].
Hugo, Victor, [315].
Human, things, as object of laughter, [86], [122], [128], [345].
Humour (Chapter X.), definitions of, [297]; as individual, [298], [313], [324], [326]; rarity of, [298], [311], [322], [325]; origin of, [299]; reflection in, [300]–303, [324], [387], [393]; as a sentiment, [300], [307]; seriousness in, [301]–305, [314], [319], [338], [342], [387], [393], [395], [400]; blend of sad and gay in, [305], [309], [387]; kindly feeling in, [306], [307], [310], [342], [388]; corrective function of, [323], [324], [403]–405; consolatory force of, [325]–330, [342]; relation of, to wit, [354], [385], [386]; subjective and objective, in literature, [386] note, [389]; harmonising of tones in, [388], [391] (see also Philosophic Humour).
Hunt, J. H. Leigh, his theory of laughter, [142]; quoted, [383].
Husbands, treatment of, in comedy, [373], [377].
Idealism and Realism, in relation to laughter, [394], [396], [400], [401].
Ignorance, as laughable, [102].
Imitation in fashion, [273]–276, [278]; in comedy, [348].
Incompetence, as laughable, [102], [240], [245].
Incongruity, theory of, [7], [9], [13], [17], [125]–135, [136], [141], [150], [317], [318]; as laughable, [107]–111, [152], [216], [236].
Indecent, the, as laughable, [99], [151], [235].
Individual, the, laughter of, [295], [297] (Chapter X.), [393]; value of laughter to, [321], [323] ff., [403], [415]; justification of point of view of, [405].
Inferior, laughter of, at superior, [264], [265], [266], [267], [268].
Inferiority, feeling of, as inhibiting laughter, [143], [320].
Intellectual theory, the. See Incongruity, also [153].
Inventions, as objects of ridicule, [281].
Irish, humour of the, [312], [313], [385].
Jackson, John, [250] note.
James, William, his theory of emotions, [40], [189].
Johnston, H. H., [227].
Jonson, Ben, [268], [361], [362], [364].
Joy, laughter of, [71] ff., [116], [168], [194] ff., [228]. See Pleasure.
Jusserand, J. A. A., [343] note.
Kames, H. H., [414].
Kant, I., his theory of the ludicrous, [9], [18], [126]–129, [131]; quoted, [125], [134], [135], [310], [325].
Keats, John, [430].
Kingsley, Miss M. H., [222], [225], [231], [251], [252], [253], [266], [328], [391].
Kipling, R., [98] note.
Kräpelin, E., [356] note.
Külpe, O., [52] note, [54] note.
Lack of humour, advantages of, [424], [425].
Lacroix, P., [343] note.
Lamb, C., humour of, [298], [390], [420]; his view of Restoration comedy, [372], [373], [377].
Landor, W. Savage, [314].
Lang, Gideon, [243] note.
Language, poetical use of “laugh” and “smile,” [30]; terms for forms of laughter in French, [49] note; misuse of, as laughable, [104], [240]. See Wit.
Laughable, the (Chapter IV.), definition of, [82]; universality of, [83], [295]; relativity of, [84], [88], [93], [95], [98], [101], [102], [106], [111], [113]; distinguished from the ludicrous, [85]; complexity of, [87], [114], [153]; groups of laughable objects, [87]; inhibitory concomitants of, [90], [93], [96], [101], [111], [301], [306]; relation of, to laughter as a whole, [153]; field of, [260], [315], [319].
Laughter, estimates of, [1], [416]; scientific investigation of, [3] ff., [19], {437} [154]; physiological characteristics of, [22], [26]–28, [30], [33]–36, [69], [227], [309]; varieties of, [22], [48], [188], [251]; an intermittent manifestation, [26], [74]; sounds of, [31], [174], [227]; bad effects of, [37], [46], [415], [418], [420], [422]; mechanically produced, [42], [64] ff., [74]; occasions of, [50] (Chapter III.); nervous, [65]–70, [116]; counteractives to, [88], [90], [93], [96], [101], [102], [111], [377]; as sign of playful mood in animals, [183]–184; as instrument of punishment, [250], [256], [262], [380]; anti-social tendency in, [256], [406]; regulation of, [418]; promotion of, [423]; as branch of education, [426]. See also Child, Development of; Humour; Origin of Laughter; Primitive Laughter; Savages, Laughter of; Social Laughter; Value of Laughter.
Le Fanu, W. R., [111] note.
Lehmann, A., [172] note, [308] note.
Lessing, G. E., [323], [412], [415] note.
Lichtenstein, M. H. C., [236], [238].
Lipps, Th., his theory of the ludicrous, [9]–17, [64], [137]; quoted, [94].
Literature. See Art.
Locke, John, his definition of wit, [354].
Loti, P., [197] note.
Loveday, T., [15] note.
Love-motive, in comedy, [360], [371].
Ludicrous, the, Schopenhauer’s theory of, [6], [13], [130]–133; incongruity theory of, [7], [9], [13], [17], [125]–136, [141], [150], [317], [318]; as consisting in the substitution of rigidity for spontaneity, [7], [92], [348] note, [367]; Lipps’ theory of, [9]–17, [64]; as consisting in nullified expectation, [9], [12], [18], [64], [125]–130; objectivity of, [83]; distinguished from the laughable, [85], [138]; theories of, [119] (Chapter V.); degradation theory of, [119]–125, [128], [137]; synthesis of theories of, [136]–139; no one theory of, [139], [153].
Macaulay, T. B., [372], [377].
Macdonald, Duff, [221], [252].
Majorities and minorities, [406].
Malice in laughter, [78], [83], [89], [97], [118], [142], [143], [231], [233], [381].
Man, E. H., [227].
Mania, approach to, of comic characters, [367]; of a whole people, [377].
Manners, in comedy, [370].
Maspero, G., [264], [266], [343] note.
Massinger, P., [361].
Master and servant, relation of, in comedy, [353]. See Slaves.
Mélinaud, C., [8] note.
Meredith, G., [4], [99], [109], [297], [300], [310], [347], [364] note, [371] note, [376] note, [379], [415], [417].
Merry England, mirth of, [429].
Mill, J. S., [280].
Minto, W., [386] note.
Mirthfulness, persistence of, [25], [73], [223]–226; effect of temperament on, [80]; expression of, as element in the laughable, [116], [149], [211]–213, [348]; decline of, [428] ff.
Misfortunes, small, as laughable, [96].
Modern life, decline of choral laughter in, [427]; seriousness of, [428] ff.; growth of individual laughter in, [432].
Molière, J. B. P., [114], [272], [288], [303] note, [307], [315], [348], [349], [350], [351], [353], [357], [359], [364]–370, [373]–378.
Mommsen, Th., [353] note, [361] note.
Mono-ideism in comic characters, [366].
Montaigne, M. E. de, [342].
Mood, the ticklish, [62]; of humour, [304]; addressed by comedy, [370], [373], [375], [377]; addressed by fiction, [379], [380].
Moore, Mrs. K. C., [165], [188].
Moral deformity. See Vice.
— sensitiveness, as inhibitory of laughter, [93], [101], [102].
— theory. See Degradation.
Morality, attitude of laughter towards, [92], [372]–377; attitude of comedy towards, [372]–377; function of comedy in relation to, [411]–414.
— plays, [347], [359], [361], [362].
Morgan, C. Lloyd, [148] note, [160].
Moulton, R. G., [352] note, [362] note.
Mulcaster, R., [35].
Musters, G. C., [226].
Mystery plays, [347]. {438}
Naïveté, as laughable, [104], [127], [336]; children’s, [105].
Nansen, F., [223] note, [244] note, [250].
National feeling, [293].
Nationality. See Race.
Neil, R. A., [352] note.
Neilson, G. R., [313] note.
Nervous laughter, [65]–70, [116].
Newspaper, struggle for the, [334], [336].
Novelty, as laughable, [87], [128], [150], [189], [208], [236], [281]; in comedy, [351].
Obesity and laughter, [81].
Object of laughter, [82], [142]; dislike of being made the, [144], [232], [256], [320]. See Laughable, the.
Odd, the, as laughable, [87], [150], [237]; in comedy, [351].
Old and young, relation of, in comedy, [353].
Old-fashioned, laughter at the, [281].
Optimism and pessimism. See also Philosophy, Worth of Life.
Order, breach of, as laughable, [94], [266], [342].
Organism, effects of laughter on, [33]–36, [45], [69]; resonance of, as factor in laughter, [44], [47].
Origin of laughter, [155] (Chapter VI.); first appearance in child, [166], [170]; early laughter as expression of pleasure, [169]; an inherited tendency, [170]; first appearance in primitive man, [173]; development out of smile, [173]–176; explosive vigour, explanation of, [176]. See also Smile, Tickling.
Paradox, as laughable, [104], [106], [110].
Parasites, laughter of tickling as defensive against, [178], [179], [181].
Parnell, J., [111] note.
Peacock, T. L., [222].
Perception of the ludicrous, movement of thought in, [11], [13]; as perception of relations, [13], [107], [192], [300], [302], [316]–318; necessity of distinct imagery to, [14], [131]; as immediate, [15]; as antecedent of laughter, [42], [50]; as emotional, [43], [125]; effect of subjective conditions on, [84], [88]; as intellectual, [125]; connection with primitive laughter, [116], [140], [142], [144], [153].
Philosophic humour, characteristics of, [390], [400]–405, [407]–410; utility of, [403]–405; anti-social tendency of, [406].
Philosophy, theoretic treatment of laughter by, [4]–6, [19], [396]; philosophic speculation, as laughable, [5], [400], [401]; connection of humour with, [390], [392]–410; point of view of, [393], [394], [396], [397]; ideal standard of, [394], [395]; change in aspect of reality produced by, [394], [395], [397], [398]; seriousness of, [395]; obstacles to union of humour with, [396]–399; idealism and laughter, [396]; optimism and laughter, [398]; pessimism and laughter, [398]; scepticism and laughter, [399].
Physiological aspects of laughter. See Laughter.
Pity, as inhibitory of laughter, [90], [98].
Plato, [308], [342], [396], [408].
Plautus, [266], [268], [282], [348], [352], [357], [360], [371].
Play, tickling and, [63], [179], [182]–184; laughter as concomitant of mood of, [76]–78, [198]–207; teasing as form of, [77], [201], [229]; connection with wit, [112], [355]; relation of laughter and, [145]–153, [194]; utility of, [148], [181], [182]; of animals, [158]; play-challenge, [184], [256], [344]; rompish, [198], [199]; as make-believe, [201], [214]; attacks as form of, [201]; lawlessness of, [216]; connection with comedy, [348], [349], [353], [373], [375], [377].
Playfulness, expression of. See Laughter and Mirthfulness.
Pleasure, as antecedent of laughter, [43], [71], [145]; interaction of laughter and, [44] ff.; sudden accession of, as cause of laughter, [72], [74] ff., [141], [145], [184].
Poetic justice, [368].
Point of view, relativity of, in laughter, [84], [88], [93], [95], [101], [102], [106], [111]; of common-sense, [110], [294], [376], [395], [399], [400]; tribal and national, [238], [256], [271], [293], [294]; of humour, [303], [315], [324], [330], [338], [341], [403] note, [409], [410]; social, [323], [374]–377, [380], [399], [405], [409], [410]; of comedy, {439} [372]–377, [410]; of philosophy, [393], [394], [396], [397]; individual, [399], [405], [409], [410]; of satire, [410].
Powell, J. W., [248] note.
Practical joking, [78], [129], [160], [229]–231. See Teasing.
Preciosity, in comedy, [351].
Pretence, as laughable, [101], [148], [151]; in play, [147], [158].
Preyer, W., [49], [160], [164]–170, [178], [188], [205], [206] note, [209], [211], [212].
Primitive laughter, necessity of considering, [23]; forms of, tickling, etc., [50] (Chapter III.); elements of, in appreciation of the ludicrous, [140]–145, [153]; humour as development of, [299]; in comedy, [347] ff.
Progress, as hindered and furthered by laughter, [257], [279]–283; social, [279]; as object of laughter, [280], [283].
Public opinion, deification of, [334].
Punning, in children, [112], [217]; and wit, [354]; in comedy, [357].
Rabelais, F., [299], [314], [389].
Races, diversities of laughter and humour of, [311]–313.
“Ralph Roister Doister,” [361].
Raulin, J. M., [228].
Read, Carveth, [320].
Real, the, in comedy, [368], [369], [372].
Reflection, in laughter, [8], [251]; in humour, [301], [302], [393]; appeal to, in humorous writing, [379], [389].
Relations, as laughable, [13], [107], [300], [302], [316].
Relief from strain, in nervous laughter, [65]–70; laughter on solemn occasions as, [80], [118]; in laughter at the indecent, [118]; in laughter at degradation, [140]; as explaining explosiveness of laughter, [176]; in children’s laughter, [196], [198], [204]; in laughter of savages, [228]; in laughter of art, [282].
Rengger, J. R., [226].
Repetition, effect of, on child’s laughter, [188], [190]; effect of, on emotional reaction, [190]; as comic incident, [348].
Respiration, laughter and, [30], [33]–35, [42], [69], [142].
Restoration, the, literature of, [282]; comedy of, [283], [287], [370].
Restraints on laughter, by the community, [418]–420; by the individual, [420]–422.
Retaliative joke, among savages, [230]; in comedy, [350].
Retirement. See Detachment.
Reverence, laughter as destructive of, [422].
Ribot, Th., [171] note, [193] note.
Richet, Charles, [52] note, [53] note, [60].
Richter, J. P., [8] note, [390], [400].
Ridiculous, the, distinguished from the ludicrous, [138].
Robinson, Louis, [51], [53], [55], [57], [58], [61], [63], [162], [177], [178], [179]–182.
Romanes, G. J., [161].
Roth, H. Ling, [224], [227], [228], [230], [232] note, [236], [240], [241], [242], [246], [247], [249], [251] note, [252] note.
Rousseau, J. J., [373], [425].
Sadness, as disposing to laughter, [70], [314]; in humour, [305], [309], [387].
Sainte-Beuve, C. A., [314], [377], [382].
Salutary effects of laughter. See Value.
Sarasin, F., [222] note, [232], [245].
Satire, playful element in, [153], [383], [384]; among savages, [244]; function of, [282], [380]; political, [292]; social, [323], [413]; point of view of, [380], [410]; laughter in, [380], [382], [383]; mood of, [381]; in comedy, [381]; in fiction, [382]; allegory in, [382]; wit in, [383]; ironical inversion in, [383], [384].
Savages, laughter of (Chapter VIII.), [220]; difficulty of understanding, [220]; self-restraint of, [221]; amount of laughter of, [222]–226; nature of laughter of, [227], [252]; primitive forms of laughter of, [228]–285; teasing and practical jokes of, [229]–233; brutal elements in laughter of, [231]–233; dislike of laughter among, [232], [233]; appreciation of the laughable by, [235] ff.; laughter of, at the foreigner, [238]–244; intra-tribal laughter of, [244] ff.; humour of, [246], [251]; organisation of laughter among, [247]–251; use of laughter by, in expiation of {440} crimes, [250]; more thoughtful laughter of, [251].
Scherer, Edmond, on humour, [312], [403] note.
Schopenhauer, A., his theory of the ludicrous, [6], [13], [130]–133; referred to, [135], [285], [288].
Schütze, J. St., [19].
Scott, Sir W., [388].
Self-advertisement, the humour of, [334].
Self-criticism, humorous, [321]–324, [329].
Self-deception, in comedy, [350], [366].
Self, laughter at, [143], [272], [320]–322, [329]; dislike of others’ laughter at, [144], [232], [256], [320].
Sellar, W. Y., [282].
Serious, the, as opposed to laughter, [21], [395]; in play, [153]; in comedy, [369], [373], [375], [377]; in fiction, [379], [387]; in satire, [381]; in humour, see Humour.
Seriousness, the, of modern life, [428] ff.
Sets. See Social Group.
Sex and laughter. See Woman.
Shaftesbury, third Earl of, [414], [415] note.
Shakespeare, W., [2], [32] note, [39] note, [67], [104], [298], [310], [311], [349], [357], [362], [363], [386], [387], [389], [417].
Shelley, P. B., [46].
Shinn, Miss Milicent, [165], [167], [168], [173], [175], [195], [211], [218].
Shyness, recoil from, producing laughter, [205], [206], [228], [238].
Sidgwick, H., [386] note.
Sigismund, B., [165].
Simcox, G. A., [266].
Situation, as laughable, [96]–98, [117], [120], [317]; in comedy, [351].
Slaves, laughter of, [265], [266], [291].
Smile, the, physiological aspects of, [26], [165]; relation of, to laughter, [26], [28], [29], [168], [170], [174], [175], [193]; in animals, [161]–163, [170], [177]; first appearance of, in child, [164]–166, [168]; development of, [165], [188]; as expression of pleasure, [168], [183]; an inherited tendency, [170]; origin of, [171]–173.
Smyth, R. Brough, [244], [248].
Social failure, laughter as preservative of, [408].
Social group, [259] ff., [283].
— laughter, organisation of, [247]–251, [290]; conciliating force of, [255], [256], [266], [269], [271]; development of, [288]–291; censorship of, [291]; force of, [292]; attitude underlying, [293]; reflected in comedy, [351].
— scene, the modern, [337].
Society, failure to comply with social requirement as ludicrous, [139]; laughter in evolution of, [254] (Chapter IX.); progress of, effect on laughter, [254]; restraint of laughter by, [258], [269]; differentiation of social groups in, [258] ff.; differentiation of ranks in, [263]; ways of, as laughable, [331]–333; permanent basis of, in comedy, [375]; individual and, [405]–410.
Solemn occasions, laughter on, [79], [141], [152], [242].
Spectator of comedy, attitude of, [371], [373], [412]. See Comedy.
Spencer, B., and Gillen, F. J., [243] note.
— Herbert, [68], [137], [175], [265], [267], [274], [276].
Steinen, C. von den, [223], [235] note, [248].
Stephen, Leslie, [398].
Sterne, Laurence, [298], [388], [389].
Stevenson, R. L., [398], [400], [416], [423].
Stoics, [397].
Stout, G. F., [15] note.
Strain, relief from. See Relief.
Sturt, C. H., [224].
“Sudden glory,” [74], [78], [116], [117], [120], [143], [198], [203], [210], [229], [381].
Superior, laughter of, at inferior, [263], [264]. See Inferior.
Superiority, feeling of, as cause of laughter, [78], [118], [120], [121], [143]; laughter as assertion of, [144], [241], [263], [320].
Surprise, as cause of laughter, [9], [12], [18], [64], [125], [126]–130, [142], [169], [197], [201].
Swift, Jonathan, [381], [382], [383].
Sympathy, laughter through, [117], [118], [122], [149]; in humour, [306]; laughter as promoting, [417].
Taine, H., [312], [362], [372], [375], [382].
Tarde, G., [259].
Tears, laughter and, [37], [67], [70]. {441}
Teasing, [77], [157], [184], [201], [229]. See Practical Joking.
Temperament, as basis of laughing disposition, [80]; as basis of humour, [313].
Tennyson, Alfred, [314].
Thackeray, W. M., [379], [382], [389].
Thompson, H. B. See Angell, J. R.
Tickling, as cause of laughter, [50] ff., [169], [177]; sensations of, [51], [53]; feeling tone of, [54]–56, [58]; motor reactions to, [56]–59, [163], [177], [180], [183]; mental conditions of, [59]–63, [178], [181]; as form of teasing, [77]; child’s first response to, by laughter, [178]; origin of laughter of, [178]–184; as playful, [179]–184.
Ticklishness, relative, of parts of body, [51]–53, [57], [177], [178], [180]–182; of apes, [57], [162], [163], [177], [180]; of other animals, [177], [180].
Tolerance, of humour, [337], [342]; of comedy, [376], [377].
Traill, H. D., [388] note, [428].
Trickery, in comedy, [349], [350].
Triumph, laughter of, [78], [83], [118], [143], [198], [200], [204], [210], [381]; presentation of, as laughable, [117].
Truth, ridicule as test of, [414].
Tucker, A., [398].
Turnbull, John, [224], [233], [248].
Types, characters of comedy as, [358]–361, [364].
Tyrrell, R. Y., [264], [283], [292], [382].
Unfair laughter, [421].
Utility of laughter. See Value.
Value of laughter, as an excellence, [3], [416], [422], [423]; its salutary effects, [34]–36; its social utility, [139], [244], [245], [257], [268], [271], [283], [419]; as sign of playfulness, [183]; its persuasive force, [252], [266], [269]; its corrective value to the individual, [323], [324], [403]; its evolutional utility, [408], [431]. See also Comedy.
Vanbrugh, Jno., [411].
Vanity, as laughable spectacle, [92], [374].
Vice, as laughable spectacle, [91]–93, [133]; degrees of, in relation to comic value, [91], [374]; attitude of laughter towards, [92], [372]–377.
Vischer, T., [19].
Voltaire, F. M. A. de, [324], [382], [383], [385].
Walpole, Horace, [423].
War-temper, as laughable spectacle, [338]–341, [378].
Ward, A. W., [281], [288], [287], [292].
— James, [400] note.
Wilkinson, J. G., [266].
Will, effect of, on laughter, [48]; control of laughter by, [420].
Wit, as a form of the laughable, [111]–113; in children, [112], [217], [218]; as play, [112], [355]; word-play in relation to, [112], [356]; Bain’s theory applied to, [124]; in savages, [248]; relation of, to humour, [354], [385], [386]; animosity in, [355], [383]; in comedy, [371]; connection of, with satire, [383]–385; subjective and objective, [386] note.
Woman, laughter between man and, [245], [246], [259], [260], [264], [267], [269], [352], [357], [363]; treatment of, by comedy, [264], [352], [361] note, [363], [371]; wit of, [267], [347]; status of, [280], [284], [347], [352].
Wood, J. G., [230], [233], [238].
Word-play, as a form of the laughable, [111]–113; Bain’s theory applied to, [124]; in children, [217]; in comedy, [353], [356].
Worth of life, philosophic question of, [398]; relation of philosophic humorist to, [402].
Wright, Thos., [234], [261], [263] note, [270], [282], [292], [293], [343] note.
Wundt, W., on tickling, [52].
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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
Original spelling and grammar have been generally retained, with some exceptions noted below. Original printed page numbers look like this: {52}. Footnotes have been converted to endnotes, relabeled 1–340, and moved [here], just before the INDEX. The transcriber produced the cover image and hereby assigns it to the public domain. Original page images are available from archive.org—search for “essayonlaughteri00sulluoft”.
Page [161]. The comma was removed from ‹we seem to, have a rudiment›.
Page [238]. An extra c was removed from ‹acccordingly›.
Page [306]. Full stop was added after ‹human affections›.
Page [327]. Full stop was added after ‹rather than to hurt others›.
Page [339]. Comma was added after ‹brood of suspicions›.
Page [360n]. The missing l was restored in ‹Griech. literaturgeschichte›.
Page [375]. Full stop was added after ‹becoming a loss of distinctness›.
Page [386]. The missing s was restored to ‹take on omething of›.
Page [388]. Changed ‹glluible› to ‹gullible›.