Illusions: A Psychological Study

by James Sully

INDEX.

A.
Abercrombie, Dr. J, [141], note[82], [278].
Abnormal life, relation of,
to normal, [1], [120], [121], [124], [182], [277], [284], note[132], [336];
effects of amputation, [62];
modification of sensibility in, [65];
gross sense-illusions of, [111], hallucinations of, [118];
sense of personal identity in, [289].
Active, stage in perception, [27];
illusion distinguished from passive, [45], [332-334].
Actor. See Theatre.
Adaptation, illusion as want of, [124], [188], [339].
Æsthetic intuition, [213];
illusions of, [214].
After-dreams, [144], [183].
After-sensation, after-impression, [55], [115].
Anæsthesia, [65].
Ancestral experience, results of, [281].
Animals, recognition of portraits by, [105];
expectation of, [298].
Anthropomorphism, [225], [360].
Anticipation. See Expectation.
Apparitions. See Hallucination.
Aristotle, [130].
Art, illusions of, [77], [104].
Artemidoros, [129].
Association, laws of, in perception, [22];
in dreams, [153], [156];
link of resemblance in dreams, [159];
associative dispositions in dreams, [169];
effect of, in insight, [221];
inseparable, [359].
Associationist, views of, [349], [352], [355].
Attention, involved in perception [21];
absence of, in sense-illusion, [39], [87];
relation of, to recognition of objects, [90];
expectant, [93];
attitude of, in dreaming, [137], [172];
to internal mental states, [194];
absence of, in errors of insight, [228].
Authority, influence of, in introspection, [210];
in belief, [325].
Autobiography, errors connected with, [276], [280].
Automatic activity of centres, in hallucinations, [113];
in dreams, [136], [151];
automatic intellectual processes, [300], [335], [352].
B.
Baillarger, J., [13], note [1], [113], note[57], [119],
notes[64] and [65]], [120], note[66].
Bain, Dr. A., [32], note[12], [117], note[60], [190].
Beattie, J., [141], note[82]].
Beauty, sentiment of, [206], [213].
Belief, immediate, [14], [15], [294];
simple and compound, [296];
illusory forms of, [297];
simple expectation, [297];
expectation, of extra-personal experiences, [307];
retrospective, [309];
in persistent objects and persons, [312];
self-esteem, [315];
representation of classes of things, [322];
representations of mankind, [322];
representation of life and the world as a whole, [322];
as predisposition to error, [324];
amount of divergence in, [325];
tendency towards convergence in, [326].
Beneficial, correct knowledge as, [340];
illusion as, [342].
Berkeley, Bishop, [218], [349], note[154].
Binet, A., [53], note[20].
Boismont, Brierre de, [11], note[1].
Börner, J., [146].
Braid, James, [186], [187].
Brewster, Sir D., [42], [73], [81], [116].
Brücke, E., [77], note[38].
Byron, Lord, [116].
C.
Carpenter, Dr. W.B., [32], note[12], [108], [110], note[56], [186], [231],
note[111], [265], note[125], [276].
Castle-building, as illusory perception, [3], [99].
Cause, idea of, in science, [344];
reality of relation of, [347], [349], [356], [360].
Change, a condition of conscious life, [252], [287], note[133].
Childhood, our recollections of, [263], [269].
Children, curiosity of, [175], [180];
estimate of time by, [256];
confusion of dream and waking life by, [276];
imagination of, [279];
self-assertion of, [319];
intellectual condition of, [357], note[159].
Clarke, Dr. E.H., [117].
Classification, in recognition of sensation, [21];
in recognition, of object, [24];
in introspective recognition, [193].
Clifford, Professor W.K., [56], note[24].
Coalescence, of sensations, [43], [52];
of dream-images, [162];
of internal feelings, [196];
of mnemonic images, [265].
Cœnæsthesis, [41], [99], [145], [286], [288].
Cognition, immediate or intuitive, [5], [14-16], [294];
presentative and representative, [9], [13], [217], [330];
nature of, in dreams, [168], [172];
nature of, generally, [295], [331];
philosophic problems of, [346].
Colour, external reality of, [8], [37];
illusory perception of, [37], [88];
subjective complementary colours (colour-contrast), [67], [83].
Coloured media, objects seen through, [82].
Common cognition, and truth, [337];
genesis and validity of, [353].
Common experience distinguished from
individual, [26], [27], [137], [209], [214], [336], [351];
illusion as, [47],[325], [337].
Common sense, intuitions of, [346], [349], [352], [357].
Complementary colours, [67], [83].
Concave, apparent conversion of, into convex, [84].
Conjuror, tricks of, [56], [106].
Consciousness, veracity of, [192], [205];
inspection of phenomena of, [196];
of self, [283], [285].
Consensus, the standard of truth, [7], [8], [211], [325], [338], [357].
Conservation of energy, [343].
Construction, rational, in dreams, [170].
Continuum, the perception of the world as, [52], [56], note[24] .
Correction of illusion, in sense-illusion, [38], [124], [137];
dreams, [182];
introspection, [210];
insight, [229];
memory, [291];
historical correction [338];
intellectual processes involved in, [351].
Criterion of illusion, [337].
Cudworth, R., [161]
D.
Deception of the senses, [19];
self-deception, [200];
conscious deception of others, [222].
Delbœuf, J., [175], note[97]. [235], note[113].
Delirium tremens, [118], note[62].
Democritus, [130].
De Quincey, [253], [280].
Descartes, R., [116], [350].
Dickens, Charles, [277].
Direction, illusory sense of, in vision, [66], [71], [73];
in hearing, [72], [75].
Disease. See Abnormal life.
Dissolution. See Evolution.
Doubt, starting-point in philosophy, [350].
Dreams, relation of, to illusions of sense, [18], [130];
and waking experience, [127];
theories of, [128];
physiology of, [131];
extent of, in sleep, [132];
psychological conditions of, [136];
excitants of, [139], [143];
exaggeration in, [147];
symbolism of, [149];
as results of automatic activity of centres, [151];
as results of association, [153];
structure of, [156];
incoherent, [156];
coherent, [161];
action of feeling in, [164];
play of associative dispositions in, [168];
co-operation of attention and intelligence in, [172];
limits of intelligence in, [180];
after-dreams, [183], [274];
relation of, to hypnotic condition, [185];
experience of, in relation to errors of memory, [273].
E.
Eccentricity, law of, [59].
Ego. See Self.
Emotion, and illusion of perception, [103];
and hallucination, [115];
and bodily sensations, [150];
control of dreams by, [164];
introspection of, [199];
and illusion of introspection, [203];
and æsthetic intuition, [213];
and illusion of memory, [270];
and illusion of belief, [306], [324];
and cognition generally, [357], note[159].
Empiricism, philosophic, [348].
Ennui, and sense of time, [250].
Environment, sources of sense-illusion in, [47], [48], [70];
view of, in mental disease, [290], [326];
view of, in normal life, [323];
action of, in assimilating belief, [339].
Error, immediate and mediate, [6], [334].
Esquirol, J.E.D., [12], note[2].
Evolution, relation of, to dissolution, [122];
of power of introspection, [209];
of power of insight, [230];
and self-assertion, [320];
evolutionist's view of error, [339];
doctrine of, as science, [346].
Exaggeration, in interpretation of sensations, [65];
in dream-interpretation, [147];
in memory, [269].
Expectation, preliminary to perception, [30];
and illusory perception, [93], [102], [106];
nature of, [295];
and memory, [298];
of new experience, [301];
of remote events, [302];
measurement of duration in, [302];
action of imagination in, [305];
extension of meaning of, [307], [308].
Experience, effect of, in perception, [22], [68], [85], [86], [91];
external and internal, [194], [210];
revivals of waking, in dreams, [152];
effects of present, on retrospection, [267];
anticipation of new, [301].
External world. See World.

F.
Fallacy and illusion [6], [335];
of testimony, [265].
Familiarity, sense of, in new objects, [272], [281].
Fechner, G.T., [51].
Ferrier, Dr., [32], note[12], [58], note[26].
Fiction, as producing illusion, [278], [279], [311].
Fitness. See Adaptation.
Flattery, rationale of, [200], [222].
Forgetfulness and illusion, [278], [279], [311].
Free-will, doctrine of, [207], [342], [356].
Future. See Expectation.
G.
Galton, F., [117].
Ghosts. See Hallucination.
Goethe, [116], [117], [280] and note[131].
Griesinger, W., [13], note[2], [63], note[31], [66], note[32], [115], [118], note[62],
[119], note[64] , [120], note[66], [290], note[135], [327], note[146].
Gruithuisen, [143], [144].
Gurney, E., [224], note[109].
H.
Hall, G.S., [186], note[102].
Hallucination, and illusion, [11], [109], [111], [112], [121];
and subjective sensation, [63], [109], [121];
sensory and motor, [66];
nervous conditions of, [112-114];
incomplete and complete, [113];
as having either central or peripheral origin, [113];
causes of, classified, [115];
in sane condition, [116];
in insanity, [118];
visual and auditory, [119];
dreams regarded as, [139], [151];
hypnagogic, [143];
after-dreams and ghosts, [183];
of memory, [271];
relation of, to errors of belief, [322];
intuition of external world regarded as, [355].
Happiness, feeling of, [200].
Harmful, illusion as, [188], [229], [292], [339].
Harmless, illusions as, [124], [292], [341].
Hartley, D., [139], [256], note[124], [279].
Hearing, as mode of perception, [34], [48];
localization of impression in, [60];
sense of direction in, [72];
activity of, in sleep, [140];
and muscular sense, [171].
Heidenhain, Dr., [186-188].
Helmholtz, H., [22], [23], note[7], [44], [51], [54] and note[22], [55], note[23],
[57], [67], note[33], [78], note[39], [80], [85], note[43], [88], [90], [207], note[105].
Heraclitus, [137].
Heredity, and illusion of memory, [280];
action of, in perpetuating intuition, [359].
Hering, E., [67], note[33].
Hodgson, Shadworth H., [347], note[153].
Holland, Sir H., [277].
Hood, Thomas, [146].
Hope, illusory. See Expectation.
Hoppe, Dr. J.I., [51], [58], note[26].
Horwicz, A., [145], note[85].
Hume, D., [355].
Huxley, Professor T., [119], note[63].
Hyperæsthesia, [65].
Hypnotism, [185].
Hypochondria, [65].

Hypothesis, as illusory, [310], [311].
I.
Idealism, [348].
Identity, cases of mistaken, [267].
Identity, personal, confusion of, in dreams, [163];
consciousness of, [241], [267], [282], [285];
illusory forms of, [283];
gross disturbances of, in normal life, [287];
in abnormal life, [289];
momentary confusions of, [293].
Illusion, definition of, [1];
varieties of, [9];
extent of, [328];
rationale of, [331], [337].

Image (physical). See Reflection.
Image (mental), in perception, [22];
seat of, [32];
in dreams, [138];
mnemonic, [236].
Imagination, play of, in perception, [95], [99];
and sense-illusion, [106];
nature of, in dreaming, [136], [161];
as antecedent of dream, [152], [158];
as poetic interpretation of nature, [224];
memory corrupted by effect of past, [264], [273], [277];
present, creating the semblance of recollection, [267], [271];
play of, in expectation, [305];
as element of illusion generally, [333].
Immediate. See Cognition.
Individual, and common experience, [26], [27], [137], [209], [214], [336];
dream-experience as, [44], [68];
internal experience as, [209];
memory as, [232];
belief and truth, [338].
Inference, and immediate knowledge, [6], [334];
in perception, [22], [26], [68];
in belief, [295].
Innate, recollection as, [280];
principles, [295], [356].
Insane, sense-illusions of, [63], [65], [111];
hallucinations of, [118];
dreaming and state of, [182];
mnemonic illusions of, [278], [289];
beliefs of, [327].
Insight, nature of, [217];
illusions of, defined, [220];
passive illusions of, [220];
histrionic illusion, [222];
active illusions of, [223];
poetic interpretation of nature, [224];
value of faculty of, [228].
Interpretation, in correct perception, [22];
of impression and experience, [70];
and volition, [95];
and fixed habits of mind, [101];
and temporary attitude of mind, [102];
of sensations in dreams, [137], [147];
of internal feelings, [203];
of others' feelings, [217];
of nature by poet, [225];
recollection as, [242].
Introspection, nature of, [14], [189];
illusory forms of, [190];
confusion of inner and outer experiences, [194];
inaccurate inspection of feelings, [196];
presentation and representation confused, [199];
feelings and inferences from these, [203];
moral self-scrutiny, [204];
philosophic, [205];
value of, [208].
Intuition. See Cognition.
Intuitivism, [348].
J.
Jackson, Dr. J. Hughlings, [27], note[9], [33], [123], note[67].
Johnson, Dr., [116].
K.
Klang, as compound sensation, [53].
Knowledge. See Cognition.
L.
Language, function of, [195].
Leibnitz, [133].
Lélut, L.F., [120], note[66].
Lessing, G. E., [133], note[73].
Leuret, [290], note[135].
Lewes, G.H., [28], [32], note[12], [52], note[18], [62], note[30], [68],
note[35], [89], note[45], [115], note[58], [150].
Life, our estimate of, [323], [326], [327].
Light, sensation and perception of, [59];
effects of reflection and refraction, of, [73];
representation, of, in painting, [88], [91];
action of, in sleep, [140].
Localization, as local discrimination of sensations, [52];
as localizing of sensations, [59], [60];
illusory, [61], [82];
in hallucination, [118], [119];
in dreaming, [148];
of events in time, in memory, [238], [245];
in expectation, [304].

Locke, [133], note[73].
Lotze, H., [60], note[29].
Lover, illusion of, [224], [227], [342].
Luminosity of painting, [88], [91].
Lustre, as compound sensation, [54].
Lyell, Sir Charles, [311].
M.
Magic, arts of, [73].
Magnitude, apparent, in vision, [75], note[37];
perception of, in pictorial art, [88], [91];
of time-intervals, [245], [249];
recollection of, [268].
Malebranche, [116].
Mankind, our views of, [322].
Matter. See World (material).
Maudsley, Dr. H., [32], note[12].
Maury, A., [140], [143], [153], note[92], [159], [163], note[94] ,[173].
Mayer, Dr. A., [66], note[32].
Measurement, subjective, of time, [245].
Media, coloured, illusions connected with presence of, [82].
Memory, nature of, [9], [13], [231];
veracity of, [232], [290];
defined, [234];
psychology of, [236];
physiology of, [237];
localization of events in, [238];
and sense of personal identity, [241], [283];
illusions of, [241];
illusory localization, [245], [256];
distortions of, [261];
hallucinations of, [271];
illusions respecting personal identity, [283];
relation of, to belief, [295];
compared with expectation, [297];
and inference, [335].
Metempsychosis, [294].
Meyer, H., [83], [144].
Mill, J.S., [298], note[138], [309].
Mirrors, as means of delusion, [73].
Misanthropist, [2], [323].
Mitchell, Dr. Weir, [62].
Monomania, [111].
Moral, intuition, [216];
self-inspection, [204].
Motor illusions. See Muscular sense.
Movement, apparent, [50], [57], [73], [81], [95], [107];
in dreams, [142], [154].
Müller, Johannes, [58], note[27], [100], [117], [143].
Muscæ volitantes, [118], note[62].
Muscular sense, in perception, [23];
illusions connected with, [50], [57], [62], [66];
co-operation, of, in dreams, [142], [154].
Music, subjective interpretation of, [223].
N.
Natural selection, effect of, in eliminating error, [340].
Nature, personification of, [224];
uniformity of, [344], [360].
Necessity, idea of, [349], [360].
Nervous system, and conditions of perception, [31];
connections of, [32], [169];
function of, and force of stimulus, [47], [50];
prolonged activity of, [55];
specific energy of, [58];
variations in state of, [64];
fatigue of, [65], [115];
disease of, ibid.;
nervous conditions of hallucination, [112], [115];
nervous dissolution and evolution, [122];
condition of, in sleep, [131];
in hypnotic condition, [186];
nervous conditions of memory, [237];
nervous conditions of illusion in general, [334].
Normal life, relation of,
to abnormal, [1], [121], [124], [182], [277], [284], note[132];
hallucinations of, [116].
O.
Object, nature of, [36], [353].
Objective and subjective experience, [26], [27], [137], [214].
Old age, dreams how regarded in, [276].

Oneirocritics, [129].
Opera, illusion connected with, [104].
Optimism, [323], [327], [342].
Organic sensations, discrimination of, [41];
interpretation of, [99];
in sleep, [145], [148].
Organism, conditions of illusion in, [47], [50];
relation of our conception of the universe to sensibilities of, [343].
Orientation, [125], [138].
P.
Pain, recollection of, [264], [270].
Painting, representation of third dimension by, [77];
apparent movement of eye in portrait, [81];
discrepancies between, and object in magnitude and luminosity, [88];
realization of, and mental preparation, [105];
realization of, by animals, [105].
Paræsthesia, [68].
Paralysis of ocular muscles, [66].
Passive, and active factor in perception, [27];
and active illusion, [45].
Percept, [22];
and sense-impression, [59].
Perception, a form of immediate knowledge, [10], [13], [17], [18];
external and internal, [14];
philosophy of, [14], [20], [22], [36], [346], [348], [353], [355], [359];
illusions of, [19], [35];
psychology of, [20];
and inference, [22], [26], [76];
physiological conditions of, [31].
Persistent objects, representation of, [312].
Persistent self. See Personal identity.
Personal equation, in perception, [101];
in æsthetic intuition, [214];
in memory, [292];
in belief, [324].
Personal identity, consciousness of, [241], [282], [285];
illusions connected with, [283];
disturbances in sense of, [287];
sense of, in insanity, [289];
momentary confusions of, [293];
philosophic problem of, [285], [354], [360].
Personification of nature, [224].
Perspective, linear, [79], [97], [98];
aerial, [80];
of memory, [245].
Pessimism, [323], [327].
Phenomenalism, [348].
Philosophy, conception of illusion by, [7], [36], [205], [285], [349];
of mind, [132], [285], [344], [348];
as theory of knowledge, [295], [346];
and science, [346], [348];
and common sense, [347], [349];
problems of, [347].
Phosphenes, [58].
Physical science. See Science.
Plato, [281].
Platonists, [349].
Pleasure, feeling of, [200];
recollection of, [264], [270].
Plutarch, [133], note[73].
Poetry, lyrical and dreams, [164];
misinterpretation of, [223];
personification, [224].
Points, discrimination of, [52].
Poisons, action of, [115].
Pollock, F., [184], note[101].
Pollock, W.H., [184].
Predisposition, action of, in perception, [44], [101], [102];
in æsthetic intuition, [215];
in insight, [223];
in recollection, [268];
in belief, [305], [319];
belief as, [324].
Prejudice. See Predisposition.
Prenatal experience, recollection of, [281].
Preperception, [27];
illusions connected with, [44], [93];
voluntary, [95];
result of habit of mind, [101];
result of temporary conditions, [102];
as sub-expectation, [102];
as definite expectation, [106].
Presentation and representation, [9], [10], [13], [14], [192], [234], [329], [330].
Projection, outward, of sensations, [63];
of mental image, [111], [112];
of solid form on flat, [79], [81], [96].
Prophetic, dreams as, [129], [147], note[88];
enthusiast, [307].
Psychology, popular and scientific, [9], [10];
distinguished from philosophy, [14], [36], [345], [352];
introspective method of, [208];
as a kind of philosophy, [305].
Public events, localization, of, by memory, [258].
R.
Radestock, P., [130], note[71], [132], note[72], [134], note[75], [140], [141],
[149], note[90], [162], [182], [275].
Rationalism, philosophic, [348].
Realism, [348].
Reality, nature of, [36], [346].
Recognition, and perception, [24], [25];
illusions of, [87];
and memory, [234].
Reflection (of light), illusions connected with, [73], [83].
Refraction and optical illusion, [73].
Relative, sensation as, [64];
attention to magnitude and brightness as, [91];
estimate of duration as, [249].
Relief, illusory perception of, [75], [96].
Representation and presentation, [9], [10], [13], [14], [192].
Retrospection. See Memory.
Ribot, T., [238], note[114], [290], note[135].
Richter, J.P., [143].
Robertson, Professor G.C., [35], note[14].

Romanes, G.J., [105], note[52], [250], note[122].
Rousseau, [280].
S.
Savage, dream theory of, [128];
idea of nature of, [225].
Scherner, C.A., [140], [149].
Schopenhauer, A., [145], [342].
Schroeder, H., [85].
Science, philosophy and, [8], [36], [285], [344];
conception of the material world in physical, [36], [343], [346], [347];
and common cognition, [338], [357].
Scott, Sir W., [116], [125].
Secondary qualities, [36], [344].
Selection, process of, in perception, [95];
in dreams, [174];
in memory, [257], [263].
Self, confusion of, in dreams, [163];
introspective knowledge of, [192];
self-deception, [200];
identity of, [241], [282], [285];
confusion of present and past, [267], [284];
disturbances in recognition of, [287], [289];
momentary confusions of, [295];
confusion of present and future, [305].
Self-esteem, illusion of, [315];
origin of, [319];
utility of, [342].
Self-preservation, [320].
Sensation, element in perception, [20];
discrimination and classification of, [21];
interpretation of, [22];
inattention to, [39], [87];
modified by central reaction, [39], [87], [89], [91];
confusion of novel, [40];
indistinct, [41];
misinterpretation of, [44];
relation of, to stimulus, [46], [50];
limits to discrimination of, [52];
after-impression, [55];
subjective, [59], [62], [107], [143];
localization of, [59].
Sensibility, limits of, [50];
variations of, [64].
Sensualism, philosophic, [348].
Shadow, cast, [77].
Shakespeare, [3].
Sight, mode of perception, [19], [33], [34], [48], [49];
local discrimination in, [52];
single vision, [54];
localization of impression in, [60];
in sleep, [139];
images of, in sleep, [150], [154].
Single, vision, [54];
touch, [72].
Sleep, mystery of, [127];
physiology of, [131].
Sleight of hand. See Conjuror.
Smell, as mode of perception, [34], note[14];

localization of impression in, [60];
subjective sensations of, [108];
in sleep, [141];
and taste, [171].
Solidity, illusory perception of, [75], [96].
Space, representation of, [207].
Specific energy of nerves, [58].
Spectra, ocular, etc. See Subjective sensation.
Spencer, Herbert, [32], note[12], [128], note[69], [323], [340].
Spinoza, [143], [184].
Spiritualist séances, [103], [107], [123], [265].
Stereoscope, [75].
Stewart, Dugald, [172], [306].
Stimulus, qualitative relation of, to sensations, [46], [58], [67];
quantitative relation of, to sensation, [50], [64];
after-effect of, [55];
prolonged action of, [56];
subjective or internal, [62];
exceptional relation of, to organ, [70];
action of, in sleep, [135], [139], [143];
in hypnotic condition, [186].
Strümpell, L., [144], [147], note[89].
Subjective, experience, [26], [27], [137], [214];
movement, [51], [57];
sensation, [59], [62], [107], [113], [121], [143].
Suggestion, by external circumstances, [30], [44], [89], [91], [267];
verbal, [30], [106], [188], [215], [268], [301], [310].
Symbol, dream as, [129], [149].
Sympathy, basis of knowledge, [223];
and illusion of insight, [223];
and illusion of memory, [277];
and momentary illusion, [293].
T.
Taine, H., [60], note[29], [108], note[54],[117], note[59], [137],
[298], note[137], [356], note[158].
Taste, æsthetic. See Æsthetic intuition.
Taste, localization of impression in, [60];
subjective sensations of, [63];
variations in sensibility, [68];
activity of, in sleep, [141];
and smell, [171].
Temperament, a factor in sense-illusion, [101];
in dreams, [137];
in illusory belief, [325];
in illusion generally, [334], note[149].
Temperature, sense of, [65].
Tennyson, A., [226].
Testa, A.J., [131].
Testimony, of consciousness, [205];
fallacies of, [265];
to identity, [267].
Thaumatrope, [56].
Theatre, illusion of the, [104], [222];
self-deception of the actor, [200].
Thompson, Professor S.P., [51], note[17].
Thought, in relation to belief, [326].
Time, retrospective idea of, [239], [246], [250];
constant error in estimate of, [245];
subjective estimate of, [249];
contemporaneous estimate of, [250];
sense of, in insanity, [290];
prospective estimate of, [303].
Touch, as form of perception, [33], [34], [49];
local discrimination in, [52];
subjective sensations of, [62];
variations in sensibility of, [65];
in sleep, [141].
Transformation, in perception, [94];
of images in dreams, [163];
in memory, [262], [267];
in expectation, [305].
Trick. See Conjuror.
Tuke, Dr., [110].
Tylor, E.B., [128], note[69].
U.
Unconscious, inference, [22], [68], [269], [335], note[150];
mental activity, [133], [235];
impressions, [41], [152].
Useful. See Beneficial.
V.
Vanity. See Self-esteem.
Venn, J., [299], note[139].

Ventriloquism, [82].
Verification, of sense-impression, [38], [351];
of self-inspection, [210];
of memory, [291].
Verisimilitude, in art, [80], [88];
in theatrical representation, [104];
in dreams, [168].
Vierordt, [245].
Vision. See Sight.
Visions, [1], [110];
dreams regarded as, [128], [131].
Vital sense. See Cœnæsthesis.
Voice, internal, [119], [194];
activity of, in dreams, [155].
Volition, and perception, [95];
absence of, during sleep, [137],[172];
co-operation of, in correction, of illusion, [352].
Volkelt, J., [172].
W.
Weber, E.H., [43].
Weinhold, Professor, [186].
Wetness, perception of, [53].
Wheatstone, Sir C, [75].
Wheel of life, [56].
Will. See Volition.
Wordsworth, W., [281].
World, our estimate of, [323], [326], [327];
scientific conception of material, [8], [36], [343], [344];
reality of external, [344-346], [349], [353], [355], [360].
Wundt, Professor, W. [13], note[2], [31], note[11], [32], note[12], [58], note[27],
[67], note[34], [75], [93], note[47], [118], note[63], [136], note[77], [139], [143],
[177], [246], [247], note[119], [251], [252], [254].