[Contents.] [List of Illustrations]
(In certain versions of this etext [in certain browsers] clicking on the image will bring up a larger version.) (etext transcriber's note)

FRESCO PAINTING

FRESCO PAINTING
ITS ART AND TECHNIQUE

WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE BUONO
AND SPIRIT FRESCO METHODS
BY
JAMES WARD
AUTHOR OF
“PRINCIPLES OF ORNAMENT,” “COLOUR HARMONY AND CONTRAST,”
“HISTORIC ORNAMENT,” “PROGRESSIVE DESIGN,” ETC.
With Four Plates in Colour and Thirty-one Half-tone Illustrations
of Italian and other Fresco Paintings

LONDON
CHAPMAN AND HALL, Ltd.
1909

Richard Clay & Sons, Limited,
BREAD STREET HILL, E.C., AND
BUNGAY, SUFFOLK.

PREFACE

I have endeavoured in this treatise to place before students some practical hints in the methods and processes of fresco painting, which are the outcome of my experience in the practice of the “buon-fresco,” and the “spirit-fresco” systems of wall decoration. As to the stereochrome, or German “water-glass,” and its later variety, the Keims process of fresco painting, I do not pretend to have a definite knowledge, having no practical experience in painting in these methods, but, on seeing the condition of some frescos in England which have been executed in stereochromy, I should prefer to trust to the buon-fresco or to the spirit-fresco mediums when it is a question of the permanency of wall paintings.

It is common enough to-day to hear and to read of the condemnation of fresco painting by critics, and even by some eminent artists, all of whom seem to echo each other in pointing out the failures in the examples executed on the walls of the Houses of Parliament and other places; and all agree, because of these failures, that fresco painting is impossible in this country, owing to the dampness of the climate. Our damp climate seems to have a deal to answer for, but it is hardly fair to blame it for the ignorance of some of our mid-Victorian artists as to the nature and behaviour of the materials used in fresco painting, and for their possibly limited knowledge of the chemistry of colours and the after action of caustic lime on the colours they used.

I trust that the technical notes and observations on some of the Italian frescos may be of interest and of some value to students of decorative art.

J. Ward.

CONTENTS

[CHAPTER I]
PAGE
[THE RELATIONSHIP OF MURAL PAINTING TO ARCHITECTURE ][1]
[CHAPTER II]
[MURAL DECORATION—SYSTEMS AND METHODS][8]
[CHAPTER III]
[FRESCO-BUONO PROCESS—COLOURS—PREPARATION OF THE WALL—METHOD OF EXECUTION][12]
[CHAPTER IV]
[PAINTING OF FLESH AND DRAPERIES—PERMANENCE OF BUON-FRESCO][25]
[CHAPTER V]
[SPIRIT FRESCO PAINTING][31]
[CHAPTER VI]
[TECHNICAL NOTES ON THE COMPOSITION, COLOUR, AND PRESENT STATE OF SOME ITALIAN FRESCOS][39]
[CHAPTER VII]
[FRESCO PAINTINGS BY GOZZOLI AND PERUGINO][51]
[CHAPTER VIII]
[THE WORK OF PINTURICCHIO AND GHIRLANDAJO][56]
[CHAPTER IX]
[FRESCOS BY ANDREA DEL SARTO, LUINI, G. FERRARI, RAFFAELLE AND MICHAEL ANGELO][63]
[INDEX]:[A],[B],[C],[D],[E],[F],[G],[H],[I],[K],[L],[M],[P],[R],[S],[T],[U],[V],[W].[71]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATE To face page
[1.][The Arts of Peace (colour). Lord Leighton][Frontispiece]
[2.][Fragment of Ancient Fresco from Tiryns ][10]
[3.][Portion of Fresco Border (colour). After Sir E. J. Poynter, P.R.A.][20]
[4.][Trial Piece of Buon Fresco. G. F. Watts, R.A.][23]
[5.][Trial Piece of Buon Fresco. G. F. Watts, R.A.][25]
[6.][Group of Three Figures (colour). G. F. Watts, R.A.][27]
[7.][St. Stephen before his Accusers, and the Stoning of St. Stephen. Sir E. J. Poynter, P.R.A.][30]
[8.][Detail from the Arts of War. Lord Leighton][32]
[9.][Detail from the Arts of War. Lord Leighton][34]
[10.][Detail from the Arts of Peace. Lord Leighton.][37]
[11.][The Birth of the Virgin. Giotto][39]
[12.][The Death of St. Francis. Giotto][40]
[13.][St. Louis, King of France. Giotto][42]
[14.][The Meeting of SS. Joachim and Anna. Giotto][43]
[15.][Christ appearing to Mary Magdalene. Fra Angelico][44]
[16.][The Deposition in the Sepulchre. Fra Angelico][46]
[17.][Detail of the Crucifixion. Fra Angelico][47]
[18.][The Tribute Money (colour). Masaccio][49]
[19.][Angels, from the Paradise. B. Gozzoli][51]
[20.][Angels, from the Paradise. B. Gozzoli][53]
[21.][St. Benedict. Perugino][54]
[22.][St. John. Perugino][55]
[23.][Detail from the Christ’s Charge to Peter. Perugino][56]
[24.][St. Catherine disputing before Maximianus. Pinturicchio][57]
[25.][Detail of the St. Catherine Fresco. Pinturicchio][58]
[26.][The Nativity, Spello Cathedral. Pinturicchio][59]
[27.][Florentine Lady. Ghirlandajo][60]
[28.][The Death of St. Francis. Ghirlandajo][61]
[29.][Florentine Lady. Ghirlandajo][62]
[30.][Detail from the Birth of the Virgin. Ghirlandajo][63]
[31.][Fresco of an Infant Angel. B. Luini][64]
[32.][The Virgin and Child. B. Luini][65]
[33.][St. Lucy sentenced to Death. Jacopo d’Avanzo][66]
[34.][The Fire in the Borgo. Raffaelle][68]
[35.][Figure of Adam, Sistine Chapel. Michael Angelo][69]