CONTENTS

[CHAPTER I]
Introduction
Newer ideals of peace are dynamic; if made operative will do away with war as a natural process [3]
Of the older ideals the appeal to pity is dogmatic [4]
The appeal to the sense of prudence also dogmatic and at this moment seems impotent [5]
Outlook for universal peace by international arbitration [6]
Primitive and profound impulses operate against impulse to war [8]
Appeal to pity and prudence unnecessary if the cosmopolitan interest in human affairs is utilized [9]
Social morality originates in social affections [11]
Emotion determines social relations in the poorer quarters of a cosmopolitan city [13]
New immigrants develop phenomenal powers of association [14]
Their ideal of government includes kindliness as well as protection [15]
Crowded city quarters the focal point of governmental progress [16]
Life at these points must shape itself with reference to the demands of social justice [17]
Simple foundations laid there for an international order [18]
Ideals formed “in the depth of anonymous life” make for realization [20]
Impulses toward compassionate conduct imperative [21]
The internationalism of good will foreseen by the philosopher [23]
A quickening concern for human welfare; international aspects illustrated by world-wide efforts to eradicate tuberculosis, first signs of the substitution of nurture for warfare [25]
This substitution will be a natural process [26]
Our very hope for it, a surrender to the ideals of the humble [27]
Accounting must be taken between survivals of militarism and manifestations of newer humanitarianism [28]
Tendency to idealization marked eighteenth-century humanitarian [29]
Newer ideals of this century sustained only by knowledge and companionship [30]
[CHAPTER II]
Survivals of Militarism in City Government
American Republic founded under the influence of doctrinaire eighteenth-century ideals. Failure in municipal administration largely due to their inadequacy [31]
Modern substitutes of the evolutionary conception of progress for eighteenth-century idealism [32]
Failure of adjustment between the old form of government and present condition results in reversion to military and legal type [34]
National governmental machinery provides no vehicle for organized expression of popular will [35]
Historic governments dependent upon force of arms [36]
Founders placed too exclusive a value upon the principles defended by the War of the Revolution. Example of the overestimation of the spoils of war [37]
Immigration problem an illustration of the failure to treat our growing Republic in a spirit of progressive and developing democracy [39]
Present immigration due partly to the philosophic dogmas of the eighteenth-century. Theory of naturalization still rests upon those dogmas [40]
No adequate formulization of newer philosophy although immigration situation has become much more industrial than political [42]
Exploitation of immigrants carried on under guise of preparation for citizenship [46]
Failure to develop a government fitted to varied peoples [48]
Attitude of contempt for immigrant survival of a spirit of conqueror toward inferior people [49]
Contempt reflected by children toward immigrant parents [50]
Universal franchise implies a recognition of social needs and ideals [52]
Difficulties of administering repressive government in a democracy [54]
The attempt inevitably develops the corrupt politician as a friend of the vicious [56]
He must be followed by successive reformers who represent the righteous and protect tax interests [57]
Illustration from the point of view of humble people [58]
Dramatic see-saw must continue until we attain the ideals of an evolutionary democracy [59]
Community divided into repressive and repressed, representing conqueror and conquered [60]
[CHAPTER III]
Failure to Utilize Immigrants in City Government
Democratic governments must reckon with the unsuccessful if only because they represent majority of citizens [62]
To demand protection from unsuccessful is to fail in self-government [63]
Study of immigrants might develop result in revived enthusiasm for human possibilities reacting upon ideals of government [64]
Social resources of immigrants wasted through want of recognition of old habits [65]
Illustrated by South Italians’ ability to combine community life with agricultural occupations, which is disregarded [66]
Anglo-Saxon distrust of experiments with land tenure and taxation illustrated by Doukhobors [67]
Immigrant’s contribution to city life [69]
Military ideals blind statesmen to connection between social life and government [70]
Corrupt politician who sees the connection often first friend of immigrant [71]
Real statesmen would work out scheme of naturalization founded upon social needs [72]
Intelligent co-operation of immigrants necessary for advancing social legislation [74]
Daily experience of immigrants not to be ignored as basis of patriotism [75]
Lack of cosmopolitan standard widens gulf between immigrant parents and children [78]
Government is developing most rapidly in its relation to the young criminal and to the poor and dependent [79]
Denver Juvenile Court is significant in its attitude toward repressive government [81]
Good education in reform schools indicates compunction on the part of the State [83]
Government functions extended to care of defectives and dependents [84]
Ignores normal needs of every citizen [85]
Socialists would meet the needs of workingmen by socialized legislation, but refuse to deal with the present state [86]
At present radical changes must come from forces outside life of the people [87]
Imperial governments are now concerning themselves with primitive essential needs of workingmen [88]
Republics restrict functions of the government [90]
Is America, in clinging to eighteenth-century traditions, losing its belief in the average man? [91]
[CHAPTER IV]
Militarism and Industrial Legislation
American cities slow to consider immigration in relation to industry [93]
Workingmen alone must regard them in relation to industrial situations [94]
Assimilation of immigrants by workingman due both to economic pressure and to idealism [95]
Illustrated by Stock Yards Strike [96]
And by the strike in Anthracite Coal Fields [97]
In the latter aroused public opinion forced Federal Government to deal with industrial conditions [98]
In complicated modern society not always easy to see where social order lies [101]
Chicago Stock Yards Strike illustrates such a situation [104]
Government should have gained the enthusiasm immigrants gave to union [107]
War element an essential part of strike [109]
Appeal to loyalty the nearest approach to a moral appeal [110]
Reluctance of United States Government to recognize matters of industry as germane to government [112]
Resulting neglect of civic duty [113]
The workingman’s attitude toward war as expressed by his international organization [114]
Commerce the modern representative of conquest [116]
Standard of life should be the test of a nation’s prosperity, so recognized by workingmen [117]
Social amelioration undertaken by those in closest contact with social maladjustments [118]
Present difficulties in social reform will continue until class interests are subordinated to a broader conception of social progress [119]
If self-government were inaugurated by advanced thinkers now, they would make research into early forms of industrial governments [121]
Autocratic European governments have recognized workingman’s need of protection [122]
Has Democracy a right to refuse this protection? [123]
[CHAPTER V]
Group Morality in the Labor Movement
Industrial changes which belong to the community as a whole have unfortunately divided it into two camps [124]
These are typified by Employers’ Associations and Trades Unions each developing a group morality [125]
Trade Unions at present illustrate the eternal compromise between the inner concept and the outer act [127]
Present moment one of crisis in Trades Union development [128]
Newly organized unions in war state of development responsible for serious mistakes [130]
Tacit admission that a strike is war made during the Teamsters’ Strike in Chicago in 1905 [132]
Temporary loss of belief in industrial arbitration [134]
Teamsters’ Strike not adjudicated in court threw the entire city into state of warfare [136]
New organizations of employers exhibit traits of militant youth [138]
Public although powerless to intervene, sees grave social consequences [140]
Division of community into classes; increase of race animosity; spirit of materialism [141]
Class prejudice created among children still another social consequence [142]
Disastrous effect of prolonged warfare upon the labor movement itself [144]
Real effort of trades unions at present is for recognition of the principle of collective bargaining [145]
Trades unions are forced to correct industrial ills inherent in the factory system itself [146]
Illustration from limitation of output [147]
Illustration from attitude towards improved machinery [148]
Disregard of the machine as a social product makes for group morality on the part of the owner and employees [149]
Contempt resulting from group morality justifies method of warfare [150]
[CHAPTER VI]
Protection of Children for Industrial Efficiency
Deficiency in protective legislation [151]
Contempt for immigrant because of his economic standing [152]
National indifference to condition of working children [154]
Temptation to use child labor peculiar to this industrial epoch [155]
Our sensibilities deadened by familiarity [155]
Protection of the young the concern of government [156]
Effect of premature labor on the child [158]
Effect of child labor on the family [161]
Effect on the industrial product [162]
Effect on civilization [163]
Intelligent labor the most valuable asset of our industrial prosperity [164]
Results of England’s foreign commercial policy [165]
Lack of consistency in the relation of the state to the child in the United States [166]
Failure of public school system to connect with present industrial development [167]
Correlation of new education with industrial situation [168]
Child labor legislation will secure to child its proper play period [169]
Power of association developed through play [171]
Co-operation, not coercion, the ideal factory discipline [173]
Actual factory system divorced from the instinct of workmanship [174]
The activity of youth should be valuable assets for citizenship as well as industry [175]
Military survivals in city government destroys this asset [176]
The gang a training school for group morality [177]
Concern of modern government in the development of its citizens [179]
[CHAPTER VII]
Utilization of Women in City Government
The modern city founded upon military ideals [180]
Early franchise justly given to grown men on basis of military duty [181]
This early test no longer fitted to the modern city whose problems are internal [182]
Women’s experience in household details valuable to civic housekeeping. No method of making it available [184]
Municipal suffrage to be regarded not as a right or a privilege, but as a piece of governmental machinery [187]
Franchise not only valuable as exercised by educated women, matters to be decided upon too basic to be influenced by modern education [188]
Census of 1900 shows greater increase of workingwomen than of men and increasing youth of working women [189]
Concerted action of women necessary to bring about industrial protection [191]
Women can control surroundings of their work only by means of franchise [192]
Unfair to put task of industrial protection upon women’s trades unions as it often confuses issues [194]
Closer connection between industry and government would result if working women were enfranchised [196]
Failure to educate women to industrial life disastrous to industry itself and to women as employers [197]
Situation must be viewed in relation to recent immigration and in connection with present stage of factory system in America [199]