The Education of Catholic Girls

by Janet Erskine Stuart

INDEX.

Abbesses, the great, 224.
Accent and pronunciation, 154.
Adolescence, impressionability of children in, 173.
Aesthetics, 68; principles of, 71-2; teaching of, 187.
Agnesi, Maria Gaetana, 222.
Aids to study, 103-4.
A Kempls on self-seeking, 197.
America: educational experiments in, 84; text-books in, 180.
American view on character, 22.
—expressive phrases, 128,155.
Ampere, Catholic scientist, 115.
Amusements and lessons, 100.
Animals, care of, in education of children, 125.
Answers, irrelevancy in girls', 74.
Aquinas, St. Thomas, 72.
Architecture, Gothic, inferences from, 189.
Arnold, Matthew, quoted, 48.
Art, character and, 186-7; Christian, 188, 189, 197; for children,
191-2; contrasts in works of, 189-90; in education of girls, 72, 187;
French art, 187; history of, 188-9; study of, 190-1; aims of study in
early education, 185, 196.
Assenting mind, the, 25.
Assentors, great, 26.
Athletic craze, the, 111.
—girl, the, 219.
Atmosphere in education, 321-2.
Audience, English and German, contrasted, 193.
"Aurora Leigh," 216.
Average person, the, 64-6.

"Babylonian Captivity," the. 165.
Bacon, "Of Goodnesse," 45.
Balder, the story of, 170.
Barbarism, selfishness and, 199.
Basilicas, the Christian, 19-20.
Basket-ball for girls, 110.
Bassi, Laura, 222.
Beale, Dorothea, cited, 94.
Bedford College, 218.
Benedictine monks, cited, 92-8.
Boarding schools, 76; young children in, 78.
Boniface VIII, 177.
Books, attitude of child towards, 36; wealth of children's literature in
England, 144-5
—reaction against mere lessons from, 80, 119-20.
—Sacred, jewels of prayer and devotion in, IS.
—to avoid, 148.
Botany, 122-3.
British oulturs, characteristics of, 139.
Browning, E. B., cited, 216.
—R., quoted, 76; "An incident of the French camp," cited, 136.

Calvinism, 4, 26.
Candour, charm of, in children, 130.
Carlyle, cited, 153.
Catch-words, abuse of, 133.
Catherine, St., of Siena, 223.
Catholic—
Art, 189, 197.
Atmosphere, effect on manners, 201.
Body, at play, 111; and religious education, 1.
Characteristics: belong to graver side of human race, 112,
Child, the, characteristics of, 29, 30; source of courage in, 9-10;
in Protestant surroundings, 24; prerogative of, 9, 30.
Children, and relationship with Jeaus and His Mother, 8; and religion,
16-18; under influence of Sacraments, 29.
Church, ideals for man and woman in, 118, 225.
Citizenship, 39.
Disabilities, Newman quoted, 112-3.
Education, 220, 225, 230; and character, 39; and history, 116.
Faith, gives particular orientation of mind, 232.
Family life, 89, 93.
Girls, and work for the Church, 89; and Church music, 193.
Historical hold on the past, 152.
Literature, 240.
Men of science, 116.
Mental life, 242.
Mind: training of the, 197; and history, 165.
Patriotism, 39.
Peasantry, 211.
Philosophy, 60-76; value of, in education, 61.
Schools: manners in, 201; sodalities in, 78.
Secrets of strength, 99.
Teachers, 100; and truth in history, 178.
Text-books, need of, 180.
Women, duty and privilege of, 112.
Catholics and—
Equality of education, 118; higher education, 220; duty In ing, 240;
historical teaching, 176; Latin, 163; taste in art, 194
—disabilities of, Newman quoted, 112-8.
Celts of N. Europe, types of character among, 97.
Certificates as aids to study, 1084.
Character, 21-3; essentials of, 40-1; evolution of, 60,179-3; study of,
22, 29, 34-9; training of, 22, 29-34, 38-42, 46, 49-51, 58, 148, 210,
221, 225-6, 230; means of training 42-4; types of, 26-9, 37.
—influence of art on, 186.
—in the teacher, 38, 46-59.
—manners and, 209.
—religion and, 6-7, 29.
—the strength of great women, 228.
—value of, appreciated by children, 56-8, 171.
Characters, modern, 26, 83; cardinal points in study of children's,
34-7.
Characteristic cadence in speaking, 54. Characteristics, of the age, 39;
of British culture, 130; of English style, 129-30; of girls' work,
218.
Charges against the Church, 179.
Chaucer, 127.
Cheltenham College, 94, 218.
Child, attitude of, towards books, 36.
—martyrs, 10.
—study, 35, 57.
—vocabulary of an "only," 132.
—Wordsworth's "model child," 32-3.
See also Catholic Child.
Childhood, friendships formed in, 11.
—impressionability of, 173.
Childishness in piety, 10.
Childlike spirit of Catholic child, 29.
Children, 30.
—books for, 144-6; attitude to books, 36.
—characteristics of, 36, 66, 56, 82-3, 109-10, 123; candour, 180;
habits of mind, 126; sensitive to influences, 46; as critics, 136;
like real people, 56-6; dislike compromise, 175.
—delicate, 9, 50, 84, 86.
—development of, 82; mental development, 140-1, 169-73.
—eccentric ways in, 84.
—groups observable among, 23, 26-8, 87, 62,125.
—and lessons; a simple life essential, 100; do not know how to learn,
101; answers, 102.
—letters of, 188-9.
—and love of nature, 124,126.
—no orphans within the Church, 80.
—and playtime solitude, 108-9. souls of, 200.
—training of, 32-3.
Chivalry: age of, 202; religious spirit of, 165.
Choleric temperament, the, 26.
Church, the—
Abuses in, exaggerated, 179.
Ceremonial of, 205-6.
Characterised as the Great Master who educates us all, 434; as the
Guardian of Truth, 239; the Teacher of all nations, 58-9, 99.
Example of, as teacher, 43; influence on Catholic taachers, 99-100.
in France, 165.
and history, 165.
Ideals for man and woman in, 118, 225.
Music of, 193-4.
Needlework for, 89.
the pioneers of, 92.
as a teacher of manners, 200-3, 205.
testimony to, from Non-Catholic sources, 59, 178.
Classes, advantages of large, 97.
Classical studies, 151-2
Classics, English, for the young, 145.
"Clever" children, the so-called, 125.
Colonial life, 92.
Common sense, 65.
Communion, First, 29.
Composition, oral, 138; written, 137, 139-42.
Concentric method in teaching, 167.
Confirmation, 29.
Contentment, 90.
Contrasts, method of, in teaching of art, 189.
Control and "handling" in training children, 200.
Controversies. See Educational Controversies.
Conventionality, 198-9.
Conventions, code of, 199.
Conversation, 132-7; of girls, 182-4; principles in, 137.
Cooking, 90, 121. Correction, value of, 42. Cosmology, 68.
Countrymen and nature, 124-5.
Crimean War and women's work, 219.
Criticism and correction, 42-3; administered by the Church, 44.
—evils of merely destructive, 183; reading lesson as an exercise in,
136; of essays, 142.
Critics, gravity of children as, 136.
Cross-roads in a girl's life, 140.
Cruelty, 199.
Crusades, ideals of the, 165.
Curiosity concerning evil, 14; evil of curiosity in reading, 149.

Dalgairns, Fr., cited, 12.
Damoiseaux, in days of chivalry, 203
Dancing, 110-11.
Dante, "Paradiso," quoted, 60.
Death, right thoughts of, 7.
De Bonald, cited, 73.
De Ghantal, St. Jane F., quoted, 76.
De Gramont, Marquise, quoted, 41.
Degrees, different significance of, for man and woman, 220-1.
Democratic age, 5, 207.
Democracy in the nursery, 208.
De Ravignan, Pere, quoted, 105.
Devotion: requirements of, 10; to our Lady, 205, 218. And see
Self-devotion.
Devotions of Blessed Sacrament and Sacred Heart entrusted to women,
223.
—to the Saints, 10.
Difficulties of mind, 61-6.
Discipline and obedience, 42.
Dogmatism in teaching, 53.
Domestic occupations, 81, 85-92, 93, 121.
Doubts and difficulties as to faith, 14.
Dressmaking, 88.
Drudgery, need of, 96, 98.
Duty and endurance, 96.

Eccentricity, 83-5.
Educated, a well-educated girl, 231.
Education—
Aims in, 88, 89, 159, 230-1.
Board of, 80-1, 95, 119, 120, 121.
and character, 21, 231.
Demands of girls', 77.
A "finished," 230-1.
Higher Education of women, 214-28.
Home education, 77, 96, 97, 155.
Intermediate, 87,116.
Intellectual and practical, contrasted, 91.
Last years of, 213.
and lesson books, 80.
Life the test of, 230.
and material requirements of life, 86.
Middle class, and practical work, 81.
Mistakes in English, 119-21.
the opportunity of the teacher, 229,
Practical, 81, 91; practical aspect of, 122.
Problems in, 76 et seq.
Religious, 1-20.
and religious orders, 58-9.
State control in, 217.
System of 1870, 34, 120.
"Ugly stage" in, 230.
of women, changes in, 215.
of young children, 78-9, 96-7.
Educational advantages of personal work, 88.
Educational controversies, 1, 99, 116, 118, 151, 218.
—experiments in America, 34.
—pressure levels original thought, 184.
Educators, qualities in great, 99; fundamental principles of, 99, 156.
—of early childhood, types of, 31-2.
Elementary schools, 97.
Elizabeth, the two Saints, 224.
Emerson on manners, 198.
Encouragement, need of, 50.
English characteristics, 180, 137, 216-7.
—language, 128, 150; study of, 127-49; mathod in study, 131;
characteristics of style, 129-30; American influences on, 127-8;
traces of Elizabethan, in America, 128; new words in, 129; children's
English, 129-31. And see Composition, Conversation, Literature,
Reading.
—martyrs, 172.
—portraits in Berlin, 129-30.
Essay writing, 138-42.
Ethics, 68, 70, 71, 73.
European history, 165, 166.
Eustoohium, St., 224.
Examination programme, a professional danger, 61.
Example, power of, 38, 46.
Excitement, evil of, 100, 231.
Exempt persons, 86.

Faber, Father, on hell and heaven, 8, 233-7. Fairness, children look for, 56. Faith, and art, 189-90, 194. —Catholic, things which come with, 39. —child's soul hungry for, 200. —children as confessors of, 10. —dangers to, 11-14, 178, 240. —difficulties and doubts as to, 14-15. —mysteries in, 2, 15. —philosophy, a help and support to, 61, 72. —the Propagation of the, 228. —responsibility with regard to, 16-17. —right thoughts of, 10. —thoughts of, inspiring life, 6, 98, 104. Family life, Catholic, 39, 93. Fathers and mothers, symbols of God's love, 3. Faults contrary to spirit of childhood, 50. Feltre, Vittorino da, 99. Fighting instinct in child, 109. First aid, 89. Fitch, Sir J., "Lessons on Teaching," cited 169. Fitness, sense of, 19. Flowers and children, 109, 128, 125-6. Four last things, right thoughts of, 7-8. France, literature in, 161. Francis of Sales, St., cited, 12,17, 26; on care of the Church, 44; works of, 162 n., 242. Frauenbund, 219. Freemason, Jewish, in Rome, 11. French: art, 187; language, study of, 163, 150, 169-60; litarature 160-1; mind, bent of, 160; Revolution, 202. Friend, the influence of a, 42. Friendship and character forming, 42, 43. Friendships, as indications of character, 86; a safeguard against morbid, 51; with the saints, 11.

Gairdner's "Lollardy and the Reformation" cited, 179. Games, value of organized, 78, 107-8, 110. Gardens for children, 125. —in a new country, 126. Genesis, Book of, 115. Geography, 122. German, language, study of, 153-4, 169-60. —musical audience, 193. Girl students at universities, 217-8, 226. Girls' and higher moral education, 226-7. —answers, irrelevancy in, 74. —views of life at age of 18, 214; mental outlook at 16, 141. —work, characteristics of, 218. Girton, 218. "Giving way," 85. God, child's soul near to, 126. —duty to, 1, 218, 241. —Fatherhood of, 3, 6. —on conveying right thought of, to children, 1-8. —truths concerning existence of, 72. God's care for us, 44. —priest, Art, 182. Golliwogg, the, 105-6. Gothic architecture, 189. Governess, a modern, 77. Grammar, 67. Gramophone in language teaching, 156. Greek history, 169. —tragedies, 184. Gregory XVI and De Bonald, 73. Grown-up life, on anticipated instruction in, 94.

Habit of work, 40, 98. Habits, 21, 22. Handicrafts, teaching of, 81. "Handling " in training in manners, 200-2. Handy member of family, the, 83. Hearing of lessons, 101. Hedley, Bp., quoted, 43. Hell and heaven, 8, 238-7. Hidden lives, 227-8. Higher education of women, 214-8; atmosphere for, non-existent 221, 226; and Catholic influence, 225; false aims in, 226; and realities of life, 226. —life, the, 228. Historical teaching to Catholics, 176. History, 164; position in curriculum, 166-7; value in education, 181. —European, centres round the Church, 165-7. —study, and the examination syllabus, 166, 168. —teaching: and periods in development of children, 170-6; aims in teaching, 172; method, 102, 167-9, 180-1; concentric method, 167; truth in teaching, 178; requirements in the teacher, 176-9. —text-books, defects of, 168. Hockey, 110. Holy family, the, 98. —Roman Empire, 165. Home education, 77, 96, 97, 155. —happiness dependent on manners, 208. Hooliganism, 199-200.

Imagination, 189-40.
Impressionism in conduct, 70.
Independence, 40, 92, 207, 232.
Influence. See Example.
Insincerity, 47-8; in teaching, 14,178.
Inspectors on teaching by nuns, 59.
Investitures, struggle concerning, 166.
Irish Intermediate education, 87, 116.
Isabella the Catholic, 224.
Italian humanism, 25.
—language, study of, 153, 159.
—question, 166.

Jansenism, spirit of, 4.
Jesus Christ, right views of, 8-9.
Joan of Arc, Blessed, 223.
Johnson, Lionel, quoted, xiii, 229.
Judgment, right thoughts of, 7-8.

Keble, J., quoted, 1.
Kingdom of woman, 224.
Knighthood, training for, 202-3
Knowledge: at first hand, 123; before action, 31; love of, and influence
of teacher, 99-100.

Laboratory science, 120-1. Language. See English. Languages, modern, place and value in education, 150-1,156-8; social and commercial values of, 157-8; evil of superficial knowledge of, 158; attitude towards study of, 153, 154; choice of, 159-61; pronunciation, 154; methods in study, 155-7; self-instruction courses, 156; translation, 161-3. Latin, 161-3; grammar, 82. —races, temperaments among, 27. Learning by heart, 135. —of lessons, 100-2. Leo XIII, 17, 63, 74. Lesson books and education, 80, 81, 119. Lessons and play, 83,95-6,100. —from history, 176. —hearing of, 102; learning of, 100-2. Letter-writing, 138-9. Lir, children of, 170. Literature, 142-6; wealth of children's books, 144-5. Logic, 67, 68-9, 73; has no place in English religious system, 24. Lowell, J. Russell, quoted, 150. Loyalty and patriotism, 170.

Mackey, Canon, cited, 162. "Mangnall's Questions," 215. Mannerisms in teachers, 54-6. Manners, 198-203, 210, 213; codes of, 205-6; derivation of word, 202; acquiring of, wearisome, 204-5, 210; neglect of, 205-6; effect of neglect to teach, 199-200; fundamentals of, 208-4; high and low watermarks in, 208-9; standard of, 203, 212; training in, 204-5, 207-9; example not enough, 210; personal element in training in, 212; mistakes in training in, 208; truthfulness in, 211-2. Manners and— Class of life, 211; home ties, 207-8; religion, 200-2, 205-6, 211; service, 211, 213; the life of to-day, 207. Manual work, value of, in education, 82-3, 85, 86; a corrective to eccentricity, 83; domestic occupations, 85-93. Mathematics, 114, 116-8, 121. Matilda of Tuscany, 223. Mechanical toys, 106-7. Melancholic temperament, the, 26, 28. Mercier, Cardinal, quoted, 69, 71, 72. Metaphysics, 68. Middle-class education, 81. Mind, quiet of, 221, 231-2; habits of mind in children, 125; development of, 140-1, 169-73. Minds: the best of, in women, 231-2; 5; classes of, 61-6. Modernism, 13. Montalembert, quoted, 88. More, Blessed Thomas, 26, 99. Mouvement Feministe, 219. Music, place of, in education, 191-4; aims of study in, 193; intellectual aspect of, 192. Myths, value in teaching history, 170.

Nagging, in teaching manners, 204.
Natural Science, 67, 114-6, 118-22.
—Theology, 68, 72-3.
Nature Study, 114, 122-6; aims of, 122; books, 123-4.
Neoker de Saussure, Mme., quoted, 47-8, 54.
Needlework, 87-9, 121.
Nervs fatigue, 84.
"Nerves," women subject to, 70.
Newman, Cardinal, quoted, 112, 164.
Newnham College, 218.
Nightingale, Florence, 219.
Non-Catholic parents, and schools held by Religious, 59.
—schools, 151, 166.
Nonconformist type of character, 23-6.
Nonentities, good, 38-40.
North of England Ladies' "Council of Education," 218.
Nuremberg, Pirkheimer family of, 222.
Nurse, the English and the Irish, 31-2.
Nursery shrine, the, 105, 106.
Nursing, 89, 218-9.

Obedience, training in, 43.
Observation of children, 35.
—training in, 81, 119-26.
Oral composition, 138; oral lessons, 74, 180.
Organization and development, 80, 87.
Our Lady, right thoughts of, 8-10.
Oxford and Cambridge Degrees, 220.
—girl students at, 218.

Painting and drawing, 191-6.
Parents: and teaching about God, 3; and teaching of manners, 208.
Pasteur, 115.
Pater, Walter, cited, 130.
Patience, value of, 40, 212; mental and moral, in women, 163.
Patriotism, 39, 170-1.
Paula, St., 224.
Peasantry, Catholic, simplicity of manners in, 211.
Penance, Sacrament of, 29.
People of great promise, 231.
Personal work, educational advantages of, 88.
Piety, childishness in, 10.
Philosophy, 60-75; method of study in, 66-74; relation to revealed
truth, 73.
Phonetics, 155.
Physical exercise, 82.
Pico de Mirandola, 26.
Pirkheimer family of Nuremberg, 222.
Piscopia, Lucretia, 222.
Pius VII, 177.
Pius X, life of labour of, 99.
Plants, care of, for chilflren, 126.
Play, 104-5, 111, 112; and character, 86, 105, 107; of the nursery,
105-6; and organized games, 107-8, 110; and solitude, 108-10; toys
and playthings, 107; hoops, 110.
Poetry, 102; place of, 192; for children's recitation, 186.
Popes, the: in history, 177, 178, 179; of Renaissance, 26; temporal
power of, 165; life of labour of, 98-9.
Popularity in matters of taste, 188-4.
Portraits, criticism of English, in Berlin, 129-30.
Pose, temptation to, 41; of being erratic, 70.
Practical education, 81.
Pressure in education, 97, 116-7.
Prize distribution, system of, 103-4.
Professional dangers in teaching, 61-7.
Pronunciation and accent, 154.
Proportion in studies, 191.
Protestant Reformation, effect on manners, 201.
—school, Catholic child in, 24.
Protestantism, 25; and French Revolution, 202.
Psychology, 68, 70-1, 73.
Pugin's "Book of Contrasts," cited, 189.
Punishment, 99.

"Quack" methods in learning languages, 155.
Queen Victoria, 153, 198.
Queen's College, London, opening of, 216.
Querdeo, Y Le, quoted, 21.
Querulous tone, in the nursery, 53.
Question and answer lessons, 75, 180.
Questioning, manner of, 102; effect of too many questions, 36.
Quiet of mind, 221, 231-2.

Reading: Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster on, 147, 238-43; and character, 36; for girls, 146, 148; without commentary, 145; value of, in education, 182-42. —aloud, 134, 136, 146; the best introduction to literature, 143. Realities of life, 81, 87 et seq., 226. Recitation, 134-6; gesture in, 136. Recreation. See Play. Reformation, the Protestant, 201. Religion, the teaching of, 1-20; aims in, 11, 17-18; periods in, 8. Religious houses, foundresses of, 224; and manual labour, 98. —minds, difficulties of, 63. —orders, development of, 165. —teaching: qualifications for, 4; and manners, 201. Renaissance, the, 25; Popes of the, 26. Rewards, 99, 103, 104. Reynolds, Sir Joshua, cited, 130. Roman Catholics, disabilities of, 112-3. —history, 169. Rossettl, D. G., quoted, 182.

Sacraments, the, as modifying temperamant, 29.
Sacred books, jewels of prayer in, 15.
Saints, devotions to the, 10-11.
Savonarola, 26. Schiller, quoted, 214. Scholastic philosophy, 74.
School: and home education, contrasted, 77-8; and preparation for life,
76, 80, 91 et seq,; organization and individual development, 80.
—education, drawbacks to, 78-9.
—life, impressiveness of, 76-7.
Sohurman, Clara von, 222.
Science, experimental, 120-2, 151; misuse of the term, 118-9.
Scolding, 43, 60.
Scottish schoolmasters, old race of, 97-8.
Scriptural knowledge examinations, 16.
Scripture, devotional study of, 15.
Self-consciousness in children, 35.
Self-devotion, 31, 219, 224, 228.
Self-help, 89-90.
Selfishness, 84,199-200.
Servant question, 91.
Servants, manners in the best, 211.
Shrines, nursery, 105, 106.
Sidney, Sir Philip, 127.
Silliness, driven out by manual work, 86.
Simple life, the, 40, 92; for children, 100.
Sin and evil, right thoughts of, 6-7.
Sincerity, 41, 47-9.
Sodalities in Catholic schools, 78.
Solitude, value of, to children, 108-9.
South African War, reaction in education since, 119-20.
Spanish, study of, 154, 159.
Spiritualism, 13.
Sporting instinct in children, 42.
Stagnation of mind, 231.
Story-telling, 170; in teaching history, 180-1.
Strength, Catholic secrets of, 99.
Study, aids to, 103.
Suffrage movement, women's, 219.

Taste, 182, 196-7; and character, 182-4; independent, 184; self-taught,
184, 185; trained, 185.
"Teacher Study," from child's point of view, 58.
Teacher's manners, 54-6.
Teachers, a large measure of freedom for, 34,
Teaching, a great stewardship, 3-4, 80; reality in, 122; qualifications
in religious, 4.
—orders of Eeligious, 58-9.
"Teddy Bears," 105, 106.
Temperament, 21-9; difficulties of, 32; division and classification of,
23, 26-9; in religion, 28-5.
Tennyson, quoted, 216.
Teutons, types of character among, 97.
Text-books, 180.
Theatres and children, 184.
Theology: not for girls, 18; parallel with a great Basilica, 19-20;
Natural, 72.
Theresa, Saint, 224.
Thompson, Francis, quoted, 95, 127.
Time, value of, 40.
Townsman, the, in the country, 124-5.
Toys, 107.
Translation from foreign languages, 161-3.
Transvaal, a garden party in the, 126.
Truthfulness, 47, 211.

Ullathorne, Archbishop, quoted, 34.
Ulysses, the wanderings of, 170.
University life for girls, 217-8, 226.
—locals, 87, 168.
Urquhart, D., quoted, 208. Utilitarians in social life, 186.

Victoria, Queen, 153,198.
Vigilance, 42.
Vitality in teacher, 49.
Vocabulary of children, 132.
Vocation, choice of a, 141.
Voice, influence of tone of, 63; cadences in, 68-4; production, 184-0.
Vulgarity, 211.

Wassmann, Catholic scientist, 116. Ways of learning lessons, 101-2. Westminster, Cardinal Archbishop of, on reading, 147, 188-48. Will of a woman, strength of, 282. Wisdom, the beginning of, 19. Wollstonecraft, Mary, cited, 216. Woman, the kingdom of, 224; the mission of, 288. Women, higher education of, 214-28; changes In education of, 316. —and manners, 203. —direction of influence of, 224. —mental characteristics of the best, 232. —tendency of, to impressionism in conduct, 70. —the really great, 223; conspicuous in learning, 222; conspicuous in religion, 224. Women's suffrage movement, 219. Wordsworth, quoted, 32, 114, 135. Work, habit of, 40, 98.

Young ladies, education for, 215.

Aberdeen: The University Press