CHAPTER XXIII.
[(1.)] “Achtum.”—The author says nothing of the neighbourhood of Nahitchevan, for which Neumann gives him credit, nor of that of Erzeroum, which Bishop Aïvazoffsky believes to be the site of the battle of “Achtum”, upon which occasion the Ilkhan Ahmed was defeated by Kara Youssouf. In the plain of “Achtum” we recognise the environs of Aktam, where Timour halted when returning from his last expedition against Toktamish (Dorn, Versuch. einer Gesch. d. Schirwan-Sch., 567; Price, Chron. Retros., iii, 206, who says of Acataem or Actem, that it is a station to the eastward of Moghaun). Neumann agrees with Hammer that Ahmed ben Oweïs was beheaded in 1410, and this is also the opinion of Weil (Gesch. der Chal., v, 141); but Dorn (ibid., 573) has it, that his conflict with Kara Youssouf did not take place until the year 815 = 1412.—Bruun.