Renaissance in Italy, Volume 1 (of 7) / The Age of the Despots

by John Addington Symonds

INDEX

A

• Abelard, [9.]
• Ahmed, [589.]
• Albigenses, [9.]
• Aldi, the, [23].
• Aleander, [27.]
• Alexander VI., [406]., [407.] seq.., [603;]
  • death, [430.] (see Papacy).
• Alfonso I. of Naples, [568.]
• Alfonso II., [119], [572].
• Allegre, [418],
• Allegretti, works, [292];
  • cited, [165];
  • quoted, [616]
• America, effects of its discovery, [540].
• Ammanati, works, [489].
• Anjou, house of, transfers its claims to Sicily, [539].
• Appiani, [148].
• Ariosto, works, [119];
  • cited, [413];
  • quoted, [130]
• Aristotle, influence of his writings, [197];
  • quoted, [234], [235].
• Art in Middle Age, [17];
  • effect of religious conventionalism, [18];
  • revolution made by Renaissance, [18], [19].
  • Italian, inimical to ugliness, [490];
  • flourishes under despots, [79].
• Ascham, R., quoted, [472].

B

• Bacon, Francis, [26];
• ——, Roger, [9], [10.].
• Baglioni, [122], [148].
• Barbiano, [159].
• Bartoli, A., cited, [252].
• Beccadelli, [174].
• Bellini, works, [488].
• Bentivogli, [102], [115], [123].
• Bergamo, V. da, [618].
• Bernard, St., [13].
• Berni cited, [443].
• Bibbiena, [184];
  • quoted, [190].
• Bologna, [123], [617].
• Boniface VIII., [76].
• Borgia, Cesare, [117], [324], [345] seq., [426], [577];
  • murders, [352].
• Borgia, Lucrezia, [419];
  • character cleared of calumny, [420].
• Borgia, Roderigo (see Alexander VI).
• Boscoli, P. P., [466].
• Bracciolini, P., [274].
• Brantôme quoted, [117].
• Brescia, [615];
  • Arnold of, [64].
• Browning, R., quoted, [13].
• Bruni, L., [274].
• Buonarottí, [491];
  • works, [19].
• Burchard cited, [430], [431].
• Burckhardt cited, [428];
  • quoted, [434].
• Burton, Robert, cited, [475].
• Bussolaro, J. del, [610].
• Byzantine empire, effect of its fall, [14].

C

• Capistrano, G. da, [615].
• Capponi, P., [284], [563].
• Carducci, [284], [289];
  • works, [293].
• Carmagnuola, F., [161].
• "Carmina Burana," [9].
• Carrara, [149].
• Carroccio, [58].
• Castiglione, works, [183], [457].
• Catholic Church (see Papacy).
  • Support of Church required by good society, [455];
  • philosophy and theology fused, [456];
  • religion divorced from morality, [462], [493];
  • influence of ancient literature, [464];
  • æstheticism, [465];
  • humanism antagonistic to Christianity, [493];
  • its corruption, [448] seq.;
  • not universal, [470];
  • immorality of priests, [458], [459];
  • power of ecclesiastical eloquence, [491];
  • revivals, [490], [606] seq.;
  • indestructable vigor of religious faith, [469].
• Cellini, B., [104], [462], [492];
  • memoirs, [325].
• Charles VIII. (see Italy, history), [540] seq.;
  • escape, [580].
• Charles of Anjou, [75].
• Charles the Great, [50].
• Chivalry, [483].
• Christianity (see Catholic Church, Morals),
  • influence in forming modern society, [7];
  • how affected by Renaissance, [25].
• Clement VII., [443], [633].
• Colonnesi, [375].
• Columbus, [15].
• Comines cited, [416];
  • quoted, [214], [475], [541], [553], [572], [578].
• Condottieri, [86], [113], [131], [156] seq.; [245], [361];
  • character of warfare, [102], [363].
• Compagni, Dino, chronicle of, [262];
  • its authenticity, [266] seq.
• Copernicus, [15].
• Corio, works, [292];
  • quoted, [135], [143], [145], [152]. [160], [385], [391], [392], [619].
• Coryat, T., quoted, [475].
• Croce, della, [614].
• Cromwell, [454].
• Cruelty (see Blood-madness),
  • instances of, [151], [478], [571];
  • of French, [557], [583];
  • its use, [354].
• Crusades, [7].

D

• Dante, political views, [261];
  • works, [10], [11], [73], [260];
  • quoted, [73], [76], [77], [133].
• Democratic idea, its gradual growth, [8].
• Dennistoun cited, [160].
• Descartes, [26].
• Djem, [415], [566], [576].
• Dürer, works, [490];
  • cited, [475].

E

• Erasmus, [24], 27.
• Este, house of, [395], [420];
  • Nicolo, [168].

F

• Fanfoni, P., cited, [263], [268].
• Feltre, V. da, [171], [176].
• Ferdinand of Arragon, [296], [358];
  • of Naples, [570].
• Ferrara, [499], [617]; court, [423].
• Ficino, [175], [456].
• Fiesole, G. da, Works, [488].
• Filelfo, [171]; quoted, [381].
• Flora, Joachim of, [9].
• Florence, its constitution, [195], [201], [592], [596], [598];
  • number of citizens, [598];
  • parties, [211];
  • perpetual flux, [221];
  • government by merchants, [225];
  • the "parlamento," [230];
  • cause of failure of popular government, [231];
  • population, [256];
  • the "arti," [597];
  • militia, its value, [601];
  • Machiavelli's reforms, [312];
  • revenues, [255];
  • topography, [595];
  • history (see Italy),
  • rule of the Medici, [277], [305], [629], years 1527-31, [282];
  • recovers liberty through the French, [560];
  • occupation, [562];
  • commonwealth, [282];
  • divisions of popular party, [283];
  • siege, [285];
  • effect of Savonarola's prophecies, [290];
  • Pazzi conspiracy, [398];
  • final subjugation, [446];
  • character of its historians, [248] seq., [274].
  • Society, character of people, [600];
  • their enlightenment and immorality, [504];
  • absence of religious faith, [295];
  • excess of intellectual mobility, [237];
  • commercial character, [238];
  • social life, [242].
  • A city of intelligence, [232], [246].
• Fondulo, G., [463].
• Ford, J., cited, [477].
• Foscari, F., [215]; quoted, [600].
• Francia, works, [489].
• Frattcelli, [9].
• Frederick I., [63].
• Frederick II., [10], [68], [105].
• Froben, J., [23].

G

• Gambacorta, [147].
• Gemistos Plethon, [173].
• Genezzano, [506], [522].
• Genoa, [79];
  • history, [201].
• Giacomini, [313].
• Giannotti cited, [217];
  • quoted, [169],[196], [216], [238], [278], [280].
• Giotto, works, [488].
• Giovio, quoted, [249].
• God, medieval idea of, [16].
• Gonzaghi, [146].
• Government, Guicciardini's theories, [305]. [See Machiavelli.]
• Graziani quoted, [614].
• Greek, knowledge of, in Renaissance, [182].
• Greene, R., quoted, [473].
• Gregorovius cited, [421], [430], [479],.
• Guarino, [171].
• Guarnieri, [158].
• Guelphs and Ghibeliines, [69], [206].
• Guicciardini, [278], [280], [285], [295], [482];
  • works, [291], [294], [301] seq.;
  • political theories analyzed, [304] seq.;
  • quoted, [44], [91], [92], [119], [169], [223], [284], [404], [409], [412], [417], [431], [434], [451], [536]. [541]. [547], [549], [582], [583], [603].

H

• Hawkwood, J., [113].
• Hegel quoted, [367].
• Hegel, C, cited, [252].
• Heribert, [58].
• Hildebrand, [59].
• Hirsch cited, [567].
• Hogarth, works, [490].
• Howell cited, [473].
• Hussites, [9].
• Hutten, 27.

I

• Infessura, works, [292];
  • cited, [405];
  • quoted, [395], [404], [474],
• Innocent VIII., [403].
• Inquisition in Spain, [399].
• Inventions of Renaissance, [29].
• Italy, history (see Condottieri, Papacy),
  • its character, [32];
  • papacy and empire, [33], [41], [43], [94], [97], [99];
  • variety of governments, [35], [43];
  • their influence on national development, [44];
  • politics, [36];
  • invasions, [39];
  • want of historical continuity, [41];
  • the despotisms, [42];
  • origin of modern history, [46];
  • the Lombards, [48];
  • Charles the Great, [51];
  • Berengar, [52];
  • Otho I., [52];
  • growth of power of Church, [53];
  • Frederick I., [63];
  • Charles of Anjou, [75];
  • convulsions of 14th century, [81];
  • states of 15th century, [88];
  • obstacles to unity, [89];
  • to monarchy, [92];
  • to federalism, [95];
  • in time of Machiavelli, [365];
  • policy of Lorenzo, [543];
  • equilibrium destroyed, [545];
  • French invasion, [549];
  • character of their army, [565];
  • league against them, [576];
  • cause of their failure, [340];
  • effect of their example, [583];
  • on other nations, [585];
  • Charles V., [98].
  • Italians incapable of helping themselves, [586];
  • responsible for their despots, [115];
  • development precocious and unsound, [495];
  • fatal effects of want of union, [538], [552].

• • The Republics, character of their history, [33], [193];
    • beginning of the power of the cities, [53];
    • their origin, [54];
    • count and bishop, [55]; "people," [55];
    • commune, [56];
    • consuls, [56];
    • effect of struggle of papacy and empire, [61];
    • influence of latter, [198];
    • Guelphs and Ghibeliines, [69], [80], [206];
    • wars of cities, [62];
    • Frederic I., [64];
    • struggle with nobles, [66];
    • the podesta, [67];
    • "captain of the people," [71];
    • the "arti," [72];
    • distinction between parties, [74];
    • not representative governments, [196];
    • not democratic, [195];
    • factions, [195], [210];
    • small number of active citizens, [209];
    • temporal character of alliances, [212].

• • The Despotisms, [42], [76];
    • their justification, [83];
    • idea of liberty, [78];
    • republican freedom unknown, [91];
    • policy commercial, [85];
    • taxation, [86];
    • diplomacy substituted for warfare, [87];
    • illegitimacy, [102];
    • good government, [103];
    • bad effect of their example, [104];
    • courts, [106], [186];
    • varieties of despotisms, [109];
    • claims of despots due to force, not rank, [116];
    • their democratic character, [117];
    • uncertainty of tenure of power, [117], [129];
    • domestic crime, [119];
    • murders, [120];
    • tastes and pursuits, [126];
    • degeneracy of their houses, [126], [151];
    • bad effects of rule, [130];
    • centralizing tendencies, [131];
    • cruelty, [151];
    • absence of all morality, [168].

• • Society. Why Italy took the lead in the Renaissance, [5];
    • Italians gentle and humane, [478];
    • not gluttons, [479];
    • personal originality not discouraged, [488];
    • Italy originates type of gentleman, [192];
    • courtiers, idea of nobility, [186];
    • community of interest with that of Roman Church, [470];
    • immorality not great relatively, [487];
    • superiority to their contemporaries, [489];
    • purity of their art shows that heart of the people was not vitiated, [488];
    • commercial integrity, [474];
    • demoralization of society, [472];
    • immorality came from above, [489];
    • commonness of crime, [170], [480];
    • exceptions to rule, [183];
    • murders, [480];
    • deficiency in sense of honor, [481];
    • chastity in women, [486];
    • unnatural passions, [477];
    • charms of illicit love, [476];
    • immoral literature, [475].
    • Literature, early, [53].

J

• Jews, expulsion from Spain, [400].
• Julia, daughter of Claudius, [22], [23].
• Julius II., [389], [406], [432] seq.

L

• Lecce, Roberto da, [614].
• Leo X., [435], [630].
• Libraries of Renaissance, [21].
• Locke, J., [26].
• Lombards, [48] seq.
• London, mediæval, [137].
• Louis XII., [339].
• Luini, works, [489].
• Lungo, del, cited, [273].
• Luther, [26], [442], [454], [530],

M

• Macaulay on the despots, [127], [320].
• Machiavelli, [232], [278], [308] seq.;
  • property, [309];
  • education, [310];
  • political career, [311];
  • cringing character, [317];
  • intercourse with Cesare Borgia, [347];
  • compared with Savonarola, [368];
  • last years, [328];
  • death, [333].

• • Works, [76], [169], [203], [249], [332], [369], [457], [494];
    • military system, [312];
    • Art of War, [328];
    • History, [331];
    • The Prince, [319];
    • object in writing it, [321];
    • appeal to the Medici, [366];
    • apology for the author, [367];
    • morality of the work, [324]-6;
    • author's sincerity, [333];
    • not the inventor of Machiavellianism, [335];
    • it assumes Reparation of statecraft and morality, [335];
    • an abstract of political expediency, [336];
    • how permanently to assimilate provinces, [338];
    • colonies, [338];
    • founders of monarchies, [343];
    • distinction between monarch and despot, [341];
    • use of cruelty, [354];
    • value of distrust, [358];
    • military precautions, [360];
    • the work condemned by the Inquisition, [336];
    • opinion of it in France, [326];

• • quoted, [45], [82], [84], [96], [98], [115], [116], [146], [152], [187], [202], [214], [215], [245], [325], [447], [450], [453], [460].

• Madonna, conventional idea of, [18].
• Malatesta, [172].
• Malespini, chronicle, 251.
• Mantegna, works, [489].
• Mantuanus, B., quoted, [394].
• Marlowe quoted, [336].
• Marston, cited, [473], [475].
• Massa, B. da, [611].
• Masuccio quoted, [458], [486].
• Matarazzo, works, [292]; quoted, [583].
• Medici, their policy, [87], [90], [128], [155], [228], [230];
  • expulsion, [222];
  • connection with papacy, [404];
  • services to literature, [600].
  • Alessandro, [298];
  • Cosimo, [300], [492];
  • Lorenzo, [504], [628];
  • death, [523];
  • Piero, [558].
• Michelet quoted, [15], [585].
• Middle Age: mental condition, [6], [13];
  • inaccessibility to mental ideas, [7];
  • political character, [8];
  • art, [17];
  • scholarship, [20].
• Milan, [58]; Visconti and Sforza, [154].
• Milman quoted, [530].
• Milton, [454].
• Mirandola, [171], [456], [520];
  • quoted, 401, [511].
• Monaldeschi, L. B., [252].
• Montferrat, [146].
• Montone, B. da, [123], [159].
• Morals (see Italy, society; Papacy, court; Virtu;) in Cellini's memoirs, [325];
  • sexual immorality,[474];
  • tyrannicide defended, [468].
• Müntz, E., cited, [384].
• Muzio quoted, [174].

N

• Naples (see Italy), attraction for foreigners, [566];
  • claims of house of Anjou, [539];
  • flight of king, [574].
• Nardi, [278], [280], [290];
  • works, [291];
  • quoted, [292], [511], [534], [592].
• Nerli, [278], [290];
  • works, [293] seq.;
  • quoted, [328].
• Nicholas V., [378].
• Normans In Italy, [58].

O

• Olgiati, [166].
• Orsini, [375].
• Otho [1.], [52].

P

• Pamponazzo, [456]..
• Pandolfini, [239]; works, [241].
• Papacy (see Catholic Church), "the ghost of the Roman empire," [6];
  • church and state, [8];
  • Charles the Great, [51];
  • imperial nominees, [59];
  • change in mode of election, [60];
  • effect of crushing the Hohenstauffen, [101];
  • nepotism, [114];
  • authority in 14th century, [371], [375];
  • secularization, [371], [375];
  • temporal power, [376];
  • its consolidation, [378];
  • its extent, [434];
  • persecution, [402];
  • of Platonists, [417];
  • its effect, [418];
  • plan to transform Papacy to kingdom, [392];
  • sale of pardons, [404], [439];
  • no horror felt at election of Alexander VI., [410];
  • Turks invited to Italy, [415], [551];
  • censure of press, [416]:
  • alliance with France, [427], [566];
  • political crimes of Alexander VI., [428];
  • tide turns with Julius II., [433];
  • reforms of Adrian VI., [441];
  • moral advantage of sack of Rome, [445].

• • Court, [372];
    • its scandalous history, [390], [403], [411], [414], [420], [424], [439], [457];
    • extravagance, [390], [436], [437];
    • extortion, [437];
    • monopolies, [394];
    • nepotism, [419], [438];
    • simony, [394], [405], [414];
    • art patronage, [384], 401, [433], [436].

• Paterini, [9].
• Pazzi conspiracy, [396].
• Perrotti quoted, [179].
• Perugia, [612].
• Pescara, marquis of, [634].
• Petrarch, [11], [20];
  • quoted, [250].
• Poliziano, [171],
• Poontano cited, [481].
• Printers of Renaissance, [23],
• Provence, civilization of, [9].
• Puritanism, [25], [37].

R

• Raffaella quoted, [483].
• Raphael, works, [488].
• Reformation, [433];
  • how affected by Renaissance, 27.
• Rembrandt, works, [490].
• Renaissance (see Middle Age), not synonymous with "revival of learning," [1];
  • not completed, [2];
  • extent of signification, [2-3];
  • origin, [3];
  • idea not separable from "Reformation," "Revolution," [5];
  • effect on old beliefs, [14], [16];
  • all its tendencies worldly, [455];
  • restores double past, Christian and pagan, [506];
  • obstacles in the way, [5];
  • preparation, [9];
  • opposition of the Church, [10];
  • character of the men, [12];
  • discoveries, [15];
  • scholarship, [20];
  • assimilation of paganism, [25];
  • reaction against enlightenment, [25];
  • inventions, [29].
• Reuchlin, 27.
• Reumont, A. von, cited, [212], [524].
• Ripamonti quoted, [163], [167].
• Robbia, works, [489].
• Romagna, [349].
• Romano, Ezzelino da, [69], [75], [106], [119];
  • Giulio, works, [490].
• Rome (see Italy, Papacy), effect of its ruins, [253];
  • appearance at time of French occupation, [564];
  • early mediæval history, [47];
  • opposition to Lombards, [49];
  • government semi-independent of pope, [376];
  • advantages derived from presence of papal court, [377];
  • improvements under Nicholas V., [378],
  • impunity of criminals, [405];
  • factions destroyed, [413];
  • rising of Colonnas, [443];
  • sack, [444], [636];
  • prostitutes, [474].
• Romeo and Juliet, [74],
• Rosellini, works, [489],
• Rosenbaum cited, [567].
• Royere, F. della (see Sixtus IV.);
  • Francesco Maria, [393];
  • Giuliano (see Julius II,);
  • Pietro, [390].
• Rubens, works, [490].

R

• Sadoleto, quoted, [446].
• Savelli, [375].
• Savonarola, [202], [221], [230], [277], [283], [290], [345], [368], [453], [454], [456], [491], [498] seq., [561], [622];
  • poems, [502];
  • settles in Florence, [504];
  • portraits, [508];
  • eloquence, [510];
  • creed, [513];
  • prophecies, [514];
  • political career, [526];
  • hatred of secular culture, [527];
  • dares not break with Rome, [531];
  • martyrdom, [533];
  • works, [536];
  • quoted, [128].
• Savoy, [146].
• Scala, della, family, [145], [258].
• Scheffer-Bolchorst cited, [252], [269].
• Segal, [278], [280], [289];
  • works [292], seq.
• Sforza family, [131] seq.;
  • their magnificience, [164];
  • to be made kings of Lombardy, [392];
  • Francesco, [153], [159] seq., [345];
  • Galeazzo, [165];
  • Ludovico, [543] seq.
• Shelley cited, [477].
• Siena, [207], [616].
• Sismondi quoted, [138], [144], [159], [226], [533].
• Sixtus IV., [388] seq., [502].
• Soderini, P., [289], [324].
• Spaniards, cruelty of, [478].
• Spinoza, [26].
• Stendhal cited, [482].
• Stephani, the, [23].
• Strozzi, Ercole, [423]; F., [285].
• Swiss, [450].
• Syphilis, history of, [567].

T

• Tasso, [486].
• Temporal Power (see Papacy).
• Tenda, Beatrice di, [152].
• Theodoric, [47].
• Theology, effect of Renaissance upon, [16].
• Tiraboschi, quoted, [173].
• Titian, works, [19].
• Torre, della, [132].
• Trinci, [122].

U

• Urbino, dukes of, [174] seq., [393], [438].

V

• Valois, Charles of, [76].
• Varani, [121].
• Varchi, [278], [290];
  • works, [279], [303] seq.;
  • quoted, [204], [244], [505].
• Venice, [79], [88], [91];
  • an exception among the republics, [195], [214];
  • constitution, [215];
  • the Ten, [218];
  • fascination exercised by government, [220];
  • military system, [220];
  • no initiative mining citizens, [233];
  • compared with Sparta, [234];
  • indifference to prosperity of Italy, [550].
• Vespusiano quoted, [174], [477], [612].
• Vettori, F., [624];
  • works, [626].
• Vicenza, John of, [607].
• Villani, M., works, 251 seq.,
  • quoted, [128], [139].
• Villari, quoted, [195], [500].
• Vinci, da, [326], [548];
  • works, [489].
• Virgil, [20].
• Virtu, [171], [337], [345], [484], [493].
• Visconti, family, [131] seq.;
  • their realm falls to pieces, [150];
  • Filippo, [152];
  • Gisa, [141];
  • Violante, [137].

W

• Webster, J., quoted, [119], [557].
• Witchcraft persecutions, [402].

Y

• Yriarte, quoted, [210], [217].

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