FOOTNOTES:
[48] Baptistries were continued out of the church until the sixth century.
[49] The learned Bishop Hall in his work entitled "The Mystery of Godliness," bears ample testimony to the medicinal efficacy of this water in restoring motion and activity to cripples.
[50] Cromlech in the Cornish language signified a crooked stone.
[51] This ancient monument is faithfully depicted in the frontispiece of the present work; but we are in candour bound to acknowledge that, in the introduction of Saint Michael's Mount, the artist has availed himself of the "quidlibet audendi" so universally conceded to Painters and Poets; in reality, an intervening eminence obstructs the view of the Mount from this spot, and he has therefore, upon the present occasion, just taken the liberty to remove this barrier to our vision. If the Geological tourist condemn this harmless deviation from truth, we shall recriminate by reminding him that even Geologists have sometimes appropriated to themselves an indulgence which Horace extended only to the votaries of the Muses, and have not hesitated to overlook the existence of a mountain where it stood in the way of a favourite theory.
[52] Before the beginning of the seventh century we are informed by Strutt that it was held unlawful to bury the dead in the cities, and that there were no church-yards. Anglo-Saxon Æra, vol. 1. p. 69.
[53] There are several monumental inscriptions of the same kind to be seen in Cornwall, but none so ancient as Men Skryfa. In Barlowena bottom, for instance, as you pass from the church of Gulval to that of Madron, there is one which is now converted into a foot-bridge across a brook; if the antiquary examine the letters upon this stone, which he cannot conveniently do without getting under it, he will discover the corruptions alluded to in the text, viz. the I in Filius linked to the L.
[54] To the elaborate memoir, by Mr. Carne, published in the second volume of the Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, and entitled "On the Mineral Productions, and the Geology of the Parish of Saint Just," we would especially direct the attention of the scientific traveller.
[55] The quantity of Copper procured in this way at Botallack, says Mr. Carne, is about a ton in a year. This chemical process is now practised in most of the mines in which the "Tin-stone" is mixed with Copper ore, as in Dolcoath, Cook's Kitchen, Chacewater, and in some parts of St. Agnes.
[56] The principal sub-marine mines on this part of the coast are Levant; Tolvaen; Huel Cock; and Huel Castle; Copper Mines; and Praze; Little Bounds; Riblose; Huel St. Just; Tin Mines; and Botallack Tin and Copper Mine.
[57] A miner of the name of James Wall, who resides in the village of Carnyorth, has generally a variety of these minerals for sale.
[58] "Crown Engine," so named from its vicinity to three rocks called the "Three Crowns."
It was our intention to have presented the reader with an engraving of this extraordinary scene, and indeed measures had been taken for its accomplishment, when we were induced to abandon the design on learning that a lithographic print had been published by a meritorious and self-taught artist at Penzance, the sale of which we were anxious not to diminish.
[59] This apparatus is termed "The Shammel Whim."
[60] A metalliferous vein is provincially called a Lode.
[61] The tin and copper are in a state of mechanical mixture, although Dr. Boase has lately found amongst the heaps, a specimen of "Tin Pyrites," in which these metals are chemically combined.
[62] The miners always distinguish their mines by a feminine appellation.
[63] See a paper by Dr. John Davy, in the first volume of the Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, entitled "On the Granite Veins of Porth Just."
[64] This rock is a binary compound of Quartz and Schorl, without any, or scarcely any, admixture of the other constituents of Granite; and yet when we consider its various relations, it must be regarded as rather a variety of the latter than a distinct rock. The locality now mentioned and that singular group of rocks between Truro and Bodmin, known by the name of Roach Rock, are, as far as we know, the only places in Cornwall where this modification of granite is found in mass. In the form of veins its occurrence is not unusual, especially at the junction of granite and slate, where it would often seem to exist as an intermediate rock.
[65] The Cornish have ever been celebrated for their skill in the art of wrestling; hence the expression "To give one a Cornish Hug," which is a dexterous lock in that art peculiar to them. It must, however, be admitted, whether as a matter of triumph or humiliation, we will not declare, that the Cornish have greatly declined in their art, so as to be now inferior even to the Devonians, and to the inhabitants of many other districts in their prowess. This degeneracy might perhaps be attributed to the change which has taken place during the lapse of time, in the mode of working for Tin; formerly it was all procured by Streaming, an occupation as healthy and invigorating, as the present one of subterranean mining is debilitating. We apprehend, however, that a moral cause of still greater force has contributed to the change—the diffusion of Methodism; which has unquestionably proved a powerful instrument in the amelioration of the habits and disposition of the Cornish miner.