Dryden's Palamon and Arcite

by John Dryden; Geoffrey Chaucer

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.

Dryden's Life. History. English Literature.
1631, Born Aug. 9th. 1631, Herbert, Temple.
1632, Milton, L'Allegro
and II Penseroso.
1633. Birth of Prince James.
1633, Massinger, New Way
to Pay Old Debts.
Ford, Broken Heart.
Prynne, Histrio-mastix
1634. First Ship-money Writ.
1634, Fletcher, Purple Island.
Cowley, Poetical Blossoms.
Milton, Comus.
1635. Second Ship-money Writ.
1635, Quarles, Emblems.
1636, Sandys,
Paraphrase of the
Psalms.
1637, Riot in Edinburgh.
1637, Milton, Lycidas.
1638, Scottish National Covenant.
Judgment against John Hampden.
1639. First Bishops' War.
1640. Short Parliament.
1640, Suckling,
Ballad of a Wedding.
Second Bishops' War.
Carew, Poems.
Long Parliament assembled.
1641. Execution of Strafford.
Constitutional
1641, Milton,
Smectymnuus Tracts,
Reforms. Debate
Clarendon begins History of
on Grand Remonstrance.
Civil War.
1642. Committee of Public Safety.
1642, Fuller, Holy
and Profane State.
Battle of Edgehill.
Theaters closed. Browne,
Religio Medici.

1643. Westminster Assembly. Solemn
1643, Denham,
Cooper's Hill.
League and Covenant taken
by House.
1644. Scotch Army crosses Tweed.
1644, Milton,
Doctrine and
Discipline
Royalist defeat
at Marston of Divorce,
Areopagitica, On
Moor. Education.
1645. Laud beheaded. 1645, Waller,
Poems, lst edition.
Royalists crushed
at Naseby.
1646, Charles surrendered
to Scots.
1646, Crashaw,
Steps to the
Temple. Browne,
Vulgar Errors.
1647, Charles surrendered
by Scots. Army in
possession of London.
Charles' flight from
Hampton Court.
1647, Cowley, The
Mistress.
1648, Second Civil War.
Pride's Purge.
1648, Herrick,
Hesperides.
Noble Numbers.
1649, Poem on Death of Lord Hastings.
1649, Charles beheaded.
Cromwell subdues Ireland.
1649, Lovelace,
Lucasta. Gauden,
Eikon Basilike.
Milton,
Eikonoklastes.
1650, Entered Trinity, Cambridge.
1650, Battle of Dunbar.
1650, Baxter,
Saints' Everlasting
Rest. Taylor, Holy
Living.
1651, Cromwell wins at
Worcester.
1651, Davenant,
Gondibert. Taylor,
Holy Dying.
Hobbes, Leviathan.
1652, Punished for disobedience, Cambridge.
1653, Cromwell dissolves
Long Parliament.
Barebones Parliament.
Made Lord Protector by
Little Parliament.
1653, Walton,
Compleat Angler,
1654, Father died. Received B.A. from Cambridge.
1654, First Protectorate
Parliament, Dutch routed
on the sea.
1655. Yreaty with France.
Jamaica seized from Spain.
1656. Second Protectorate
Parliament.
1656, Cowley,
Works, lst edition.
Davenant, Siege of
Rhodes.
1657. Left Cambridge. Attached to Sir Gilbert Pickering.
1658. Heroic Stanzas on Cromwell's Death.
1658, Dunkirk seized from
Spain. Cromwell dies. His
son Richard succeeds.
1659, Richard Cromwell resigns.
Long Parliament restored.
Military government.
1660, Astraea Redux.
1660, Long Parliament again
restored.
Declaration of Breda.
Convention Parliament.
Restoration Charles II.
1660, Milton,
Ready and Easy Way
to Establish a
Free Commonwealth.
Pepys, Diary begun.
1661, Panegyric on Coronation.
1661, Meeting of Cavalier
Parliament. Corporation Act.
1662, Poem to Lord Clarendon.
1662, Act of Uniformity.
Dissenting ministers expelled.
Royal Society founded. King
declares for Toleration. Dunkirk
sold to France.
1662, Fuller,
Worthies of
England.
1663, Married Lady Elizabeth Howard. Poem to Dr. Charleton. Wild Gallant.
1663, Butler,
Hudibras.
1664. Reference in Pepys to 'Dryden, the poet.'
1664, Repeal of Triennial Act.
Conventicle Act.
1664, Etheridge, Comical Revenge. Evelyn, Sylva.
1665, Poem to the Duchess of York. Indian Emperor.
Poem to Lady Castlemaine.
Left London for Charleton.
1665, First Dutch War of
Restoration. Great Plague.
Five-Mile Act.
1665, Dorset,
Song at Sea.
1666, Essay on Dramatic Poesy. Son Charles born.
1666, Great Fire.
1667, Annus Mirabilis. Maiden Queen. Sir Martin Marall. Tempest.
1667, Dutch blockade Thames.
Peace of Breda. Clarendon's Fall.
1667, Milton,
Paradise Lost.
1668, Mock Astrologer. Son John born.
1668, Etheridge,
She Would if She
Could. Sedley, A
Mulberry Garden.
1669. Tyrannic Love. Son Erasmus born.
1669, Pepys, Diary
closes. Shadwell,
The Royal Shepherdess.
Penn, No Cross, no
Crown.
1670, Conquest of Granada. Appointed Poet Laureate and
Historiographer Royal.
Mother died.
1670, Treaty of Dover.
1670, Shadwell,
Sullen Lovers.
1671, Buckingham, Rehearsal. Milton, Paradise Regained. Samson Agonistes.
1672. Marriage à la Mode.
1672, Second Dutch War
of Restoration. Declaration
of Indulgence.
1673. Assignation, Amboyna.
1673, Test Act. Shaftesbury dismissed.
1673, Settle, Empress of Morocco.
1674, A State of Innocence.
1675. Aurengzebe.
1678, All for Love, Limberham.
1679. OEdipus. Additional Pension
of One Hundred
Pounds. Troilus and
Cressida. Cudgeled in
Rose Alley.
1680. Ovid's Heroides.
1681, Spanish Friar. Absalom
and Achitophel, Part I.
1682. The Medal, MacFlecnoe,
Absalom and Achitophel,
Part II. Religio
Laici.
1683. Collector of Customs at the
Port of London.
1684. Miscellanies, vol. i. Translates
Maimbourg's History
of League.
1685. Miscellanies, vol. ii. Albion
and Albanius.
Threnodia Augustalis.
1686. Ode on Memory of Mrs.
Killegrew.
1687. Hind and the Panther.
St. Cecilia Ode.

1674, Peace with the Dutch.
1675, Non-resistance Bill rejected.
1677, Marriage of William and Mary.
1678, Peace of Nymwegen.
Popish plot.
1679, Habeas Corpus Act. Dissolution
Cavalier Parliament.
First Short Parliament.
1680, Second Short Parliament.
1681, Third Short Parliament.
Tory Reaction.
1682, Flight of Shaftesbury.
1683, London City forfeits Charter.
Rye House Plot.
Russell and Sydney executed.
1685, Death of Charles II. Accession
of James II.
Prorogation of Parliament.
Meeting of Parliament.
Battle of Edgemore.
Bloody Assizes.
1686, Judges allowed King's Dispensing
Power.
1687, First Declaration of Indulgence.
English Literature.
1675, Mulgrave, Essay on Satire.
1676, Etheridge, The Man of Mode.
1677, Crowne, Destruction of Jerusalem.
Behn, The Rover.
Wycherley, Plain Dealer.
1678, Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress.
Rymer, Tragedies of the Last Age.
1679, Oldham, Satires upon the Jesuits.
1680, Otway, The Orphan.
1681, Marvell, Poems.
Roscommon, Essay on Translated
Verse.
1682, Otway, Venice Preserved.
1687, Newton, Principia.
Prior and Montague, Country
Mouse and City Mouse.
1688, Britannia Rediviva.
1688, Second Declaration of Indulgence. Bishops sent to Tower.
Birth of Prince of Wales. William and Mary invited to take English Throne.
William lands at Torbay. James flees.
1689, Lost his offices and pensions.
1689, William and Mary crowned. Toleration Act. Bill of Rights.
Grand Alliance. Jacobite Rebellion.
1689, Locke, Letters on Toleration, Treatise on Government.
1690, Don Sebastian. Amphitryon.
1690, Battle of the Boyne.
1690, Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding.
1691, King Arthur
1691, Treaty of Limerick.
1691, Langbane, Account of English Dramatic Poets. Rochester, Poems.
1692, Eleonora, Cleomines.
1692, Massacre of Glencoe. Churchill deprived of office.
1692, Dennis, The Impartial Critick.
1693, Miscellanies, vol. iii. Perseus and Juvenal.
1693, Beginning of National Debt.
1693, Congreve, Old Bachelor.
1694, Miscellanies, vol. iv.
1694, Bank of England established. Death of Queen Mary.
1694, Southern, The Fatal Marriage. Addison, Account of Greatest
English Poets. Congreve, Double Dealer.
1695, Poems to Kneller and Congreve. Fresnoy's Art of Painting.
1695, Censorship of Press removed.
1695, Congreve, Love for Love. Blackmore, Prince Arthur.
1696, Life of Lucian.
1696, Trials for Treason Act.
1696, Southern, Oroonoko.
1697, Virgil, Alexander's Feast composed.
1697, Peace of Ryswick.
1697, Congreve, Mourning Bride. Vanbrugh, The Relapse.
1698, Partition Treaties.
1698, Swift begins Battle of Books. Farquhar, Love and a Bottle.
Vanbrugh, Provoked Wife. Collier, Short View of the Immorality
and Profaneness of the English Stage.
1700, Fables. Died May 1st.
1700, Severe Acts against Roman Catholics.
1700, Congreve, Way of the World. Prior, Carmen Seculare.

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TO HER GRACE THE DUCHESS OF ORMOND,

WITH THE FOLLOWING POEM
OF PALAMON AND ARCITE.

MADAM,

The bard who first adorned our native tongue
Tuned to his British lyre this ancient song;
Which Homer might without a blush reherse,
And leaves a doubtful palm in Virgil's verse:
He matched their beauties, where they most excel;
Of love sung better, and of-arms as well.
Vouchsafe, illustrious Ormond, to behold
What power the charms of beauty had of old;
Nor wonder if such deeds of arms were done,
Inspired by two fair eyes that sparkled like your own.
If Chaucer by the best idea wrought,
And poets can divine each other's thought,
The fairest nymph before his eyes he set;
And then the fairest was Plantagenet,
Who three contending princes made her prize,
And ruled the rival nations with her eyes;
Who left immortal trophies of her fame,
And to the noblest order gave the name.
Like her, of equal kindred to the throne,
You keep her conquests, and extend your own:
As when the stars, in their etherial race,
At length have rolled around the liquid space,
At certain periods they resume their place,
From the same point of heaven their course advance,
And move in measures of their former dance;
Thus, after length of ages, she returns,
Restored in you, and the same place adorns:
Or you perform her office in the sphere,
Born of her blood, and make a new Platonic year.
O true Plantagenet, O race divine,
(For beauty still is fatal to the line,)
Had Chaucer lived that angel-face to view,
Sure he had drawn his Emily from you;
Or had you lived to judge the doubtful right,
Your noble Palamon had been the knight;
And conquering Theseus from his side had sent
Your generous lord, to guide the Theban government.
Time shall accomplish that; and I shall see
A Palamon in him, in you an Emily.
Already have the Fates your path prepared,
And sure presage your future sway declared:
When westward, like the sun, you took your way,
And from benighted Britain bore the day,
Blue Triton gave the signal from the shore,
The ready Nereids heard, and swam before
To smooth the seas; a soft Etesian gale
But just inspired, and gently swelled the sail;
Portunus took his turn, whose ample hand
Heaved up the lightened keel, and sunk the sand,
And steered the sacred vessel safe to land.
The land, if not restrained, had met your way,
Projected out a neck, and jutted to the sea.
Hibernia, prostrate at your feet, adored
In you the pledge of her expected lord,
Due to her isle; a venerable name;
His father and his grandsire known to fame;
Awed by that house, accustomed to command,
The sturdy kerns in due subjection stand,
Nor bear the reins in any foreign hand.
At your approach, they crowded to the port;
And scarcely landed, you create a court:
As Ormond's harbinger, to you they run,
For Venus is the promise of the Sun.
The waste of civil wars, their towns destroyed,
Pales unhonoured, Ceres unemployed,
Were all forgot; and one triumphant day
Wiped all the tears of three campaigns away.
Blood, rapines, massacres, were cheaply bought,
So mighty recompense your beauty brought.
As when the dove returning bore the mark
Of earth restored to the long-labouring ark,
The relics of mankind, secure of rest,
Oped every window to receive the guest,
And the fair bearer of the message blessed:
So, when you came, with loud repeated cries,
The nation took an omen from your eyes,
And God advanced his rainbow in the skies,
To sign inviolable peace restored;
The saints with solemn shouts proclaimed the new accord.
When at your second coming you appear,
(For I foretell that millenary year)
The sharpened share shall vex the soil no more,
But earth unbidden shall produce her store;
The land shall laugh, the circling ocean smile,
And Heaven's indulgence bless the holy isle.
Heaven from all ages has reserved for you
That happy clime, which venom never knew;
Or if it had been there, your eyes alone
Have power to chase all poison, but their own.
Now in this interval, which Fate has cast
Betwixt your future glories and your past,
This pause of power, 'tis Ireland's hour to mourn;
While England celebrates your safe return,
By which you seem the seasons to command,
And bring our summers back to their forsaken land.
The vanquished isle our leisure must attend,
Till the fair blessing we vouchsafe to send;
Nor can we spare you long, though often we may lend.
The dove was twice employed abroad, before
The world was dried, and she returned no more.
Nor dare we trust so soft a messenger,
New from her sickness, to that northern air;
Rest here awhile your lustre to restore,
That they may see you, as you shone before;
For yet, the eclipse not wholly past, you wade
Through some remains and dimness of a shade.
A subject in his prince may claim a right,
Nor suffer him with strength impaired to fight;
Till force returns, his ardour we restrain,
And curb his warlike wish to cross the main.
Now past the danger, let the learned begin
The inquiry, where disease could enter in;
How those malignant atoms forced their way,
What in the faultless frame they found to make their prey,
Where every element was weighed so well,
That Heaven alone, who mixed the mass, could tell
Which of the four ingredients could rebel;
And where, imprisoned in so sweet a cage,
A soul might well be pleased to pass an age.
And yet the fine materials made it weak;
Porcelain by being pure is apt to break.
Even to your breast the sickness durst aspire,
And forced from that fair temple to retire,
Profanely set the holy place on fire.
In vain your lord, like young Vespasian, mourned,
When the fierce flames the sanctuary burned;
And I prepared to pay in verses rude
A most detested act of gratitude:
Even this had been your Elegy, which now
Is offered for your health, the table of my vow.
Your angel sure our Morley's mind inspired,
To find the remedy your ill required;
As once the Macedon, by Jove's decree,
Was taught to dream an herb for Ptolemy:
Or Heaven, which had such over-cost bestowed
As scarce it could afford to flesh and blood,
So liked the frame, he would not work anew,
To save the charges of another you;
Or by his middle science did he steer,
And saw some great contingent good appear,
Well worth a miracle to keep you here,
And for that end preserved the precious mould,
Which all the future Ormonds was to hold;
And meditated, in his better mind,
An heir from you who may redeem the failing kind.
Blessed be the power which has at once restored
The hopes of lost succession to your lord;
Joy to the first and last of each degree,
Virtue to courts, and, what I longed to see,
To you the Graces, and the Muse to me.
O daughter of the Rose, whose cheeks unite
The differing titles of the Red and White;
Who heaven's alternate beauty well display,
The blush of morning and the milky way;
Whose face is Paradise, but fenced from sin;
For God in either eye has placed a cherubin.
All is your lord's alone; even absent, he
Employs the care of chaste Penelope.
For him you waste in tears your widowed hours,
For him your curious needle paints the flowers;
Such works of old imperial dames were taught,
Such for Ascanius fair Elisa wrought.
The soft recesses of your hours improve
The three fair pledges of your happy love:
All other parts of pious duty done,
You owe your Ormond nothing but a son,
To fill in future times his father's place,
And wear the garter of his mother's race.

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