[CHAPTER X.]
[THE COMING OF THE CAVALIERS.] |
|---|
| PAGE |
| [Virginia depicted by an admirer] | 1 |
| [Her domestic animals, game, and song-birds] | 2 |
| [Her agriculture] | 2, 3 |
| [Her nearness to the Northwest Passage] | 3 |
| [Her commercial rivals] | 3, 4 |
| [Not so barren a country as New England] | 4 |
| [Life of body and soul were preserved in Virginia; Mr. Benjamin Symes and his school] | 5 |
| [Worthy Captain Mathews and his household] | 5 |
| [Rapid growth in population] | 6 |
| [Historical lessons in names of Virginia counties] | 7 |
| [Scarcity of royalist names on the map of New England] | 8, 9 |
| [As to the Cavaliers in Virginia; some popular misconceptions] | 9, 10 |
| [Some democratic protests] | 10, 11 |
| [Sweeping statements are inadmissible] | 11 |
| [Difference between Cavaliers and Roundheads was political, not social] | 12 |
| [Popular misconceptions regarding the English nobility; England has never had a noblesse, or upper caste] | 13 |
| [Contrast with France in this respect] | 13, 14 |
| [Importance of the middle class] | 14 |
| [Respect for industry in England] | 15 |
| [The Cavalier exodus] | 16 |
| [Political complexion of Virginia before 1649] | 16, 17 |
| [The great exchange of 1649] | 17, 18 |
| [Political moderation shown in Virginia during the Commonwealth period] | 18 |
| [Richard Lee and his family] | 19 |
| [How Berkeley was elected governor by the assembly] | 20 |
| [Lee’s visit to Brussels] | 20 |
| [How Charles II. was proclaimed king in Virginia, but not before he had been proclaimed in England] | 21 |
| [The seal of Virginia] | 22, 23 |
| [Significant increase in the size of land grants] | 23, 24 |
| [Arrival of well-known Cavalier families] | 25 |
| [Ancestry of George Washington] | 25 |
| [If the pedigrees of horses, dogs, and fancy pigeons are important, still more so are the pedigrees of men] | 26 |
| [Value of genealogical study to the historian] | 26 |
| [The Washington family tree] | 27 |
| [How Sir William Jones paraphrased the epigram of Alcæus] | 28 |
| [Historical importance of the Cavalier element in Virginia] | 28 |
| [Differences between New England and Virginia were due not to differences in social quality of the settlers, but partly to ecclesiastical and still more to economical circumstances] | 29, 30 |
| [Settlement of New England by the migration of organized congregations] | 30 |
| [Land grants in Massachusetts] | 31 |
| [Township and village] | 31, 32 |
| [Social position of settlers in New England] | 32 |
| [Some merits of the town meeting] | 33 |
| [Its educational value] | 34 |
| [Primogeniture and entail in Virginia] | 35 |
| [Virginia parishes] | 35 |
| [The vestry a close corporation; its extensive powers] | 36 |
| [The county was the unit of representation] | 37 |
| [The county court was virtually a close corporation] | 38 |
| [Powers of the county court] | 39 |
| [The sheriff and his extensive powers] | 40 |
| [The county lieutenant] | 41 |
| [Jefferson’s opinion of government by town meeting] | 42 |
| [Court day] | 42, 43 |
| [Summary] | 43 |
| [Virginia prolific in great leaders] | 44 |
[CHAPTER XI.]
[BACON’S REBELLION.] |
|---|
| [How the crude mediæval methods of robbery began to give place to more ingenious modern methods] | 45 |
| [The Navigation Act of 1651] | 45, 46 |
| [Second Navigation Act] | 46 |
| [John Bland’s remonstrance] | 47 |
| [Some direct consequences of the Navigation Act] | 47 |
| [Some indirect consequences of the Navigation Act] | 48 |
| [Bland’s exposure of the protectionist humbug] | 49, 50 |
| [His own proposition] | 50, 51 |
| [Effect of the Navigation Act upon Virginia and Maryland; disasters caused by low price of tobacco] | 51, 52 |
| [The Surry protest of 1673] | 52 |
| [The Arlington-Culpeper grant] | 53 |
| [Some of its effects] | 54 |
| [Character of Sir William Berkeley] | 55 |
| [Corruption and extortion under his government] | 56 |
| [The Long Assembly, 1661-1676] | 57 |
| [Berkeley’s violent temper] | 57 |
| [Beginning of the Indian war] | 58 |
| [Colonel John Washington] | 59 |
| [Affair of the five Susquehannock envoys] | 60 |
| [The killing of the envoys] | 61 |
| [Berkeley’s perverseness in not calling out a military force] | 62 |
| [Indian atrocities] | 62, 63 |
| [Nathaniel Bacon and his family] | 64 |
| [His friends William Drummond and Richard Lawrence] | 65 |
| [Bacon’s plantation is attacked by the Indians, May, 1676] | 65 |
| [Bacon marches against the Indians and defeats them] | 66 |
| [Election of a new House of Burgesses] | 66 |
| [Arrest of Bacon] | 67 |
| [He is released and goes to lodge at the house of “thoughtful Mr. Lawrence”] | 67 |
| [Bacon is persuaded to make his submission and apologizes to the governor] | 68, 69 |
| [In spite of the governor’s unwillingness, the new assembly reforms many abuses] | 70, 71 |
| [How the “Queen of Pamunkey” appeared before the House of Burgesses] | 72-74 |
| [The chairman’s rudeness] | 74 |
| [Bacon’s flight] | 74 |
| [His speedy return] | 75 |
| [How the governor was intimidated] | 76 |
| [Bacon crushes the Susquehannocks while Berkeley flies to Accomac and proclaims him a rebel] | 76 |
| [Bacon’s march to Middle Plantation] | 77 |
| [His manifesto] | 78 |
| [His arraignment of Berkeley; he specifies nineteen persons as “wicked counsellors”] | 80 |
| [Oath at Middle Plantation] | 81 |
| [Bacon defeats the Appomattox Indians] | 82 |
| [Startling conversation between Bacon and Goode] | 82-86 |
| [Perilous situation of Bacon] | 86 |
| [The “White Aprons” at Jamestown] | 87 |
| [Bacon’s speech at Green Spring] | 88 |
| [Burning of Jamestown] | 89 |
| [Persons who suffered at Bacon’s hands] | 89, 90 |
| [Bacon and his cousin] | 90 |
| [Death of Bacon, Oct. 1, 1676] | 91 |
| [Collapse of the rebellion] | 92 |
| [Arrival of royal commissioners, January, 1677] | 92 |
| [Berkeley’s outrageous conduct] | 93 |
| [Execution of Drummond] | 94 |
| [Death of Berkeley] | 95 |
| [Significance of the rebellion] | 96 |
| [How far Bacon represented popular sentiment in Virginia] | 97 |
| [Political changes since 1660; close vestries] | 98, 99 |
| [Restriction of the suffrage] | 100, 101 |
| [How the aristocrats regarded Bacon’s followers] | 102, 103 |
| [The real state of the case] | 104 |
| [Effect of hard times] | 104, 105 |
| [Populist aspect of the rebellion] | 106 |
| [Its sound aspects] | 106 |
| [Bacon must ever remain a bright and attractive figure] | 107 |
[CHAPTER XII.]
[WILLIAM AND MARY.] |
|---|
| [A century of political education] | 108 |
| [Robert Beverley, clerk of the House of Burgesses] | 109 |
| [His refusal to give up the journals] | 110 |
| [Arrival of Lord Culpeper as governor] | 110, 111 |
| [The plant-cutters’ riot of 1682] | 111, 112 |
| [Contracting the currency with a vengeance] | 112 |
| [Culpeper is removed and Lord Howard of Effingham comes to govern in his stead] | 113 |
| [More trouble for Beverley] | 114 |
| [For stupid audacity James II., after all, was outdone by George III.] | 114, 115 |
| [Francis Nicholson comes to govern Virginia and exhibits eccentric manners] | 115 |
| [How James Blair founded William and Mary College] | 116, 117 |
| [How Sir Edmund Andros came as Nicholson’s successor and quarrelled with Dr. Blair] | 118 |
| [How young Daniel Parke one Sunday pulled Mrs. Blair out of her pew in church] | 119 |
| [Removal of Andros] | 119 |
| [The Earl of Orkney draws a salary for governing Virginia for the next forty years without crossing the ocean, while the work is done by lieutenant-governors] | 120 |
| [The first of these was Nicholson once more] | 120 |
| [Who removed the capital from Jamestown to Middle Plantation, and called it Williamsburg] | 121 |
| [How the blustering Nicholson, disappointed in love, behaved so badly that he was removed from office] | 122, 123 |
| [Fortunes of the college] | 123 |
| [Indian students] | 124 |
| [Instructions to the housekeeper] | 125 |
| [Horse-racing prohibited] | 126 |
| [Other prohibitions] | 126 |
| [The courtship of Parson Camm; a Virginia Priscilla] | 127, 128 |
| [Some interesting facts about the college] | 128, 129 |
| [Nicholson’s schemes for a union of the colonies] | 129, 130 |
[CHAPTER XIII.]
[MARYLAND’S VICISSITUDES.] |
|---|
| [Maryland after the death of Oliver Cromwell] | 131 |
| [Fuller and Fendall] | 132 |
| [The duty on tobacco] | 133 |
| [Fendall’s plot] | 134 |
| [Temporary overthrow of Baltimore’s authority] | 135 |
| [Superficial resemblance to the action of Virginia] | 136 |
| [Profound difference in the situations] | 137 |
| [Collapse of Fendall’s rebellion] | 138 |
| [Arrival of the Quakers] | 138, 139 |
| [The Swedes and Dutch on the Delaware River] | 139 |
| [Augustine Herman] | 140 |
| [He makes a map of Maryland and is rewarded by the grant of Bohemia Manor] | 141 |
| [How the Labadists took refuge in Bohemia Manor] | 142, 143 |
| [How the Duke of York took possession of all the Delaware settlements] | 143 |
| [And granted New Jersey to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret] | 144 |
| [Which resulted in the bringing of William Penn upon the scene] | 144 |
| [Charter of Pennsylvania] | 145 |
| [Boundaries between Penn and Baltimore] | 145, 146 |
| [Old manors in Maryland] | 146 |
| [Life on the manors] | 147 |
| [The court leet and court baron] | 148 |
| [Changes wrought by slavery] | 148, 149 |
| [A fierce spirit of liberty combined with ingrained respect for law] | 149 |
| [Cecilius Calvert and his son Charles] | 150 |
| [Sources of discontent in Maryland] | 150 |
| [A pleasant little family party] | 151 |
| [Conflict between the Council and the Burgesses] | 151, 152 |
| [Burgesses claim to be a House of Commons, but the Council will not admit it] | 152 |
| [How Rev. Charles Nichollet was fined for preaching politics] | 153 |
| [The Cessation Act of 1666] | 153 |
| [Acts concerning the relief of Quakers and the appointment of sheriffs] | 153, 154 |
| [Restriction of suffrage in 1670] | 154, 155 |
| [Death of Cecilius, Lord Baltimore] | 155 |
| [Rebellion of Davis and Pate, 1676; their execution] | 156 |
| [How George Talbot, lord of Susquehanna Manor, slew a revenue collector and was carried to Virginia for trial] | 157 |
| [How his wife took him from jail, and how he was kept hidden until a pardon was secured] | 158 |
| [“A Complaint from Heaven with a Hue and Cry”] | 159 |
| [The anti-Catholic panic of 1689] | 159 |
| [Causes of the panic] | 160 |
| [How John Coode overthrew the palatinate government] | 161 |
| [But did not thereby bring the millennium] | 162 |
| [How Nicholson removed the capital from St. Mary’s to Annapolis] | 162, 163 |
| [Unpopularity of the establishment of the Church of England] | 163 |
| [Episcopal parsons] | 164 |
| [Exemption of Protestant dissenters from civil disabilities] | 165 |
| [Seymour reprimands the Catholic priests] | 166 |
| [Cruel laws against Catholics] | 167 |
| [Crown requisitions] | 168 |
| [Benedict Calvert, fourth Lord Baltimore, becomes a Protestant and the palatinate is revived] | 168, 169 |
| [Change in the political situation] | 170 |
| [Charles Carroll entertains a plan for a migration to the Mississippi Valley] | 171 |
| [How the seeds of revolution were planted in Maryland] | 171 |
| [End of the palatinate] | 172, 173 |
[CHAPTER XIV.]
[SOCIETY IN THE OLD DOMINION.] |
|---|
| [How the history of tobacco has been connected with the history of liberty] | 174 |
| [Rapid growth of tobacco culture in Virginia] | 175 |
| [Legislative attempts to check it] | 176 |
| [Need for cheap labour] | 176 |
| [Indentured white servants] | 177 |
| [How the notion grew up in England that Virginians were descended from convicts; Defoe’s novels, a comedy by Mrs. Behn, Postlethwayt’s Dictionary, and Gentleman’s Magazine] | 178-180 |
| [Who were the indentured white servants] | 181 |
| [Redemptioners] | 182 |
| [Distribution of convicts] | 183 |
| [Prisoners of war] | 184 |
| [Summary] | 185 |
| [Careers of white freedmen] | 186 |
| [Representative Virginia families were not descended from white freedmen] | 187 |
| [Some of the freedmen became small proprietors] | 187 |
| [Some became “mean whites”] | 188, 189 |
| [Development of negro slavery; effect of the treaty of Utrecht] | 190 |
| [Anti-slavery sentiment in Virginia] | 191 |
| [Theory that negroes were non-human] | 192 |
| [Baptizing a slave did not work his emancipation] | 193 |
| [Negroes as real estate] | 194 |
| [Tax on slaves] | 194 |
| [Treatment of slaves] | 195, 196 |
| [Fears of insurrection] | 196 |
| [Cruel laws] | 197, 198 |
| [Free blacks a source of danger] | 199 |
| [Taking slaves to England; did it work their emancipation?] | 200 |
| [Lord Mansfield’s famous decision] | 201 |
| [Jefferson’s opinion of slavery] | 201 |
| [Immoralities incident to the system] | 202, 203 |
| [Classes in Virginia society] | 204 |
| [Huguenots in Virginia] | 204, 205 |
| [Influence of the rivers upon society] | 206 |
| [Some exports and imports] | 207 |
| [Some domestic industries] | 208 |
| [Beverley complains of his countrymen as lazy, but perhaps his reproachful tone is a little overdone] | 210 |
| [Absence of town life] | 210, 211 |
| [Futile attempts to make towns by legislation] | 212 |
| [The country store and its treasures] | 213, 214 |
| [Rivers and roads] | 215 |
| [Tobacco as currency] | 216 |
| [Effect upon crafts and trades] | 217 |
| [Effect upon planters’ accounts] | 218 |
| [Universal hospitality] | 219 |
| [Visit to a plantation; the negro quarter] | 220 |
| [Other appurtenances] | 221 |
| [The Great House or Home House] | 222 |
| [Brick and wooden houses] | 222, 223 |
| [House architecture] | 223, 224 |
| [The rooms] | 224 |
| [Bedrooms and their furniture] | 225 |
| [The dinner table; napkins and forks] | 226 |
| [Silver plate; wainscots and tapestry] | 227 |
| [The kitchen] | 228 |
| [The abundance of wholesome and delicious food] | 228, 229 |
| [The beverages, native and imported] | 229, 230 |
| [Smyth’s picture of the daily life on a plantation] | 230, 231 |
| [Very different picture given by John Mason; the mode of life at Gunston Hall] | 232-234 |
| [A glimpse of Mount Vernon] | 235 |
| [Dress of planters and their wives] | 236 |
| [Weddings and funerals] | 237 |
| [Horses and horse-racing] | 237-239 |
| [Fox-hunting] | 239 |
| [Gambling] | 239, 240 |
| [A rural entertainment of the olden time] | 240, 241 |
| [Music and musical instruments] | 242 |
| [The theatre and other recreations] | 243 |
| [Some interesting libraries] | 243-245 |
| [Schools and printing] | 245, 246 |
| [Private free schools] | 246 |
| [Academies and tutors] | 247 |
| [Convicts as tutors] | 248 |
| [Virginians at Oxford] | 249 |
| [James Madison and his tutors] | 250 |
| [Contrast with New England in respect of educational advantages] | 251 |
| [Causes of the difference] | 252, 253 |
| [Illustrations from the history of American intellect] | 254 |
| [Virginia’s historians; Robert Beverley] | 255 |
| [William Stith] | 255, 256 |
| [William Byrd] | 256-258 |
| [Jefferson’s notes on Virginia; McClurg’s Belles of Williamsburg; Clayton the botanist] | 259 |
| [Physicians, their prescriptions and charges] | 260 |
| [Washington’s last illness] | 260 |
| [Some Virginia parsons, their tricks and manners] | 261, 263 |
| [Free thinking; superstition and crime] | 264 |
| [Cruel punishments] | 265 |
| [Lawyers] | 266 |
| [A government of laws] | 267 |
| [Some characteristics of Maryland] | 267-269 |
[CHAPTER XV.]
[THE CAROLINA FRONTIER.] |
|---|
| [How South Carolina was a frontier against the Spaniards] | 270 |
| [How North Carolina was a wilderness frontier] | 271 |
| [The grant of Carolina to eight lords proprietors] | 272 |
| [John Locke and Lord Shaftesbury] | 272, 273 |
| [“Fundamental Constitutions” of Carolina] | 274 |
| [The Carolina palatinate different from that of Maryland] | 275 |
| [Titles of nobility] | 276 |
| [Albemarle colony] | 276 |
| [New Englanders at Cape Fear] | 277 |
| [Sir John Yeamans and Clarendon colony] | 277 |
| [The Ashley River colony and the founding of Charleston] | 278 |
| [First legislation in Albemarle] | 279 |
| [Troubles caused by the Navigation Act] | 280 |
| [The trade between Massachusetts and North Carolina] | 281 |
| [Eastchurch and Miller] | 282 |
| [Culpeper’s usurpation] | 283 |
| [How Culpeper fared in London] | 284 |
| [How Charleston was moved from Albemarle Point to Oyster Point] | 285 |
| [Seth Sothel’s tyranny in Albemarle and his banishment] | 286, 287 |
| [Troubles in Ashley River colony] | 287 |
| [The Scotch at Port Royal] | 288 |
| [A state without laws] | 289 |
| [Reappearance of Sothel, this time as the people’s friend] | 289 |
| [His downfall and death] | 290 |
| [Clarendon colony abandoned] | 290 |
| [Philip Ludwell’s administration] | 290, 291 |
| [Joseph Archdale and his beneficent rule] | 291 |
| [Sir Nathaniel Johnson and the dissenters] | 292 |
| [Unsuccessful attempt of a French and Spanish fleet upon Charleston] | 293 |
| [Thomas Carey] | 294 |
| [Porter’s mission to England] | 295 |
| [Edward Hyde comes to govern North Carolina] | 296 |
| [Carey’s rebellion] | 296, 297 |
| [Expansion of the northern colony; arrival of Baron Graffenried with Germans and Swiss; founding of New Berne] | 297 |
| [Accusations against Carey and Porter of inciting the Indians against the colony] | 297 |
| [These accusations are highly improbable and not well supported] | 298 |
| [Survey of Carolina Indians] | 298-300 |
| [Algonquin tribes] | 298 |
| [Sioux tribes; Iroquois tribes] | 299 |
| [Muscogi tribes] | 300 |
| [Algonquin-Iroquois conspiracy against the North Carolina settlements] | 300 |
| [Capture of Lawson and Graffenried by the Tuscaroras; Lawson’s horrible death] | 301 |
| [The massacre of September, 1711] | 302 |
| [Aid from Virginia and South Carolina] | 302, 303 |
| [Barnwell defeats the Tuscaroras] | 303 |
| [Crushing defeat of the Tuscaroras by James Moore; their migration to New York] | 304 |
| [Administration of Charles Eden] | 304, 305 |
| [Spanish intrigues with the Yamassees] | 305 |
| [Alliance of Indian tribes against the South Carolinians and nine months’ warfare] | 306 |
| [Administration of Robert Johnson] | 306 |
| [The revolution of 1719 in South Carolina; end of the proprietary government in both colonies] | 308 |
| [Contrast between the two colonies] | 308, 309 |
| [Interior of North Carolina contrasted with the coast] | 310, 311 |
| [Unkempt life] | 311 |
| [A genre picture by Colonel Byrd] | 312, 313 |
| [Industries of North Carolina] | 313 |
| [Absence of towns] | 314, 315 |
| [A frontier democracy] | 315 |
| [Segregation and dispersal of Virginia poor whites] | 316 |
| [Spotswood’s account of the matter] | 317 |
| [New peopling of North Carolina after 1720; the German immigration] | 318 |
| [Scotch Highlanders and Scotch-Irish] | 318, 319 |
| [Further dispersal of poor whites] | 319, 320 |
| [Barbarizing effects of isolation] | 321 |
| [The settlers of South Carolina, churchmen and dissenters] | 323 |
| [The open vestries] | 323 |
| [South Carolina parish, purely English in its origin, not French like the parishes of Louisiana] | 324 |
| [Free schools] | 325 |
| [Rice and indigo] | 326 |
| [Some characteristics of South Carolina slavery] | 327, 329 |
| [Negro insurrection of 1740] | 329 |
| [Cruelties connected with slavery] | 330 |
| [Social life in Charleston] | 331 |
| [Contrast between the two Carolinas] | 332, 333 |
| [The Spanish frontier and the founding of Georgia] | 333 |
| [James Oglethorpe and his philanthropic schemes] | 334 |
| [Beginnings of Georgia] | 335, 336 |
| [Summary; Cavaliers and Puritans once more] | 337 |
[CHAPTER XVI.]
[THE GOLDEN AGE OF PIRATES.] |
|---|
| [The business of piracy has never thriven so greatly as in the seventeenth century] | 338 |
| [Pompey and the pirates] | 338 |
| [Chinese and Malay pirates on the Indian Ocean and Mussulman pirates on the Mediterranean Sea] | 339 |
| [The Scandinavian Vikings cannot properly be termed pirates] | 339, 340 |
| [Sir William Blackstone’s remarks about piracy] | 340 |
| [Character of piracy] | 341 |
| [To call the Elizabethan sea-kings pirates is silly and outrageous] | 341, 342 |
| [Features of maritime warfare out of which piracy could grow] | 342, 343 |
| [Privateering] | 343 |
| [Fighting without declaring war] | 344 |
| [Lack of protection for neutral ships] | 344 |
| [Origin of buccaneering; “Brethren of the Coast”] | 345 |
| [Illicit traffic in the West Indies] | 346 |
| [Buccaneers and filibusters] | 347 |
| [The kind of people who became buccaneers] | 348 |
| [The honest man who took to buccaneering to satisfy his creditors] | 349 |
| [The deeds of Olonnois and other wretches] | 349, 350 |
| [Henry Morgan and his evil deeds] | 350, 351 |
| [Alexander Exquemeling and his entertaining book] | 352 |
| [How Morgan captured Maracaibo and Gibraltar in Venezuela] | 353 |
| [The treaty of America of 1670 for the suppression of buccaneering and piracy] | 353 |
| [Sack of Panama by Morgan and his buccaneers] | 354 |
| [How Morgan absconded with most of the booty] | 355 |
| [How English and Spanish governors industriously scotched the snake] | 355 |
| [How the chief of pirates became Sir Henry Morgan, deputy-governor of Jamaica, and hanged his old comrades or sold them to the Spaniards] | 356 |
| [How the treaty of America caused his downfall] | 357 |
| [Decline of buccaneering] | 357 |
| [Pirates of the South Sea] | 358, 359 |
| [Plunder of Peruvian towns] | 360 |
| [Effects of the alliance between France and Spain in 1701] | 360 |
| [Pirates in the Bahama Islands and on the Carolina coast] | 361 |
| [Effect of the navigation laws in stimulating piracy] | 362, 363 |
| [Effect of rice culture upon the relations between South Carolina settlers and the pirates] | 363 |
| [Wholesale hanging of pirates at Charleston] | 364 |
| [How pirates swarmed on the North Carolina coast] | 365 |
| [Until Captain Woodes Rogers captured the Island of New Providence in 1718] | 365 |
| [The North Carolina waters furnished the last lair for the pirates] | 365 |
| [How Blackbeard, the last of the pirates, levied blackmail upon Charleston] | 366, 367 |
| [Epidemic character of piracy; cases of Kidd and Bonnet] | 368 |
| [Fate of Bonnet and Blackbeard, and final suppression of piracy] | 369 |
[CHAPTER XVII.]
[FROM TIDEWATER TO THE MOUNTAINS.] |
|---|
| [Family and early career of Alexander Spotswood] | 370 |
| [He brings the privilege of habeas corpus to Virginia, but wrangles much with his burgesses] | 371 |
| [His energy and public spirit] | 372 |
| [How the Post-Office Act was resisted by the people] | 373, 375 |
| [Disputes as to power of appointing parsons] | 376 |
| [Beginnings of continental politics in America] | 376 |
| [Beginning of the seventy years’ struggle with France] | 377 |
| [How the continental situation in America was affected by the war of the Spanish succession] | 378, 379 |
| [Different views of Spotswood and the assembly with regard to sending aid to Carolina] | 379, 380 |
| [How the royal governors became convinced that the thing most needed in English America was a continental government that could impose taxes] | 381 |
| [Franklin’s plan for a federal union] | 381, 383 |
| [It was the failure of the colonies to adopt Franklin’s plan that led soon afterwards to the Stamp Act] | 382, 383 |
| [How Spotswood regarded the unknown West] | 383 |
| [Attempts to cross the Blue Ridge] | 384 |
| [How the Blue Ridge was crossed by Spotswood] | 385 |
| [Knights of the Golden Horseshoe] | 386 |
| [Spotswood’s plan for communicating between Virginia and Lake Erie] | 387, 388 |
| [Condition of the postal service in the English colonies under Spotswood’s administration] | 389 |
| [Brief mention of Governors Gooch and Dinwiddie] | 390 |
| [Importance of the Scotch-Irish migration to America] | 390, 391 |
| [In 1611 James I. began colonizing Ulster with settlers from Scotland and England] | 391 |
| [In Ulster they established flourishing manufactures of woollens and linens] | 392 |
| [Which excited the jealousy of rival manufacturers in England] | 393 |
| [Legislation against the Ulster manufacturers] | 393 |
| [Civil disabilities inflicted upon Presbyterians in Ulster] | 393 |
| [These circumstances caused such a migration to America that by 1770 it amounted to more than half a million souls] | 394 |
| [Many Scotch-Irish settled in the Shenandoah Valley, and were closely followed by Germans] | 395 |
| [This Shenandoah population exerted a most powerful democratizing influence upon the colony] | 396 |
| [Jefferson found in them his most powerful supporters] | 396 |
| [Lord Fairfax’s home at Greenway Court; Fairfax’s affection for Washington] | 397 |
| [How the surveying of Fairfax’s frontier estates led Washington on to his public career] | 398 |
| [The advance of Virginians from tidewater to the mountains brought on the final struggle with France] | 398, 399 |
| [Advance of the French from Lake Erie] | 399 |
| [Washington goes to warn them from encroaching upon English territory] | 399 |
| MAPS. |
|---|
| [Westward Growth of Old Virginia, from a sketch by the author] | Frontispiece |
| [North Carolina Precincts in 1729, after a map in Hawks’s History of North Carolina] | 276 |
| [A Map of ye most Improved Part of Carolina, from Winsor’s America, vol. v. p. 351] | 306 |
