LESSON XII.
The Hebrew noun ebed belongs to the declension of factitious, euphonic segholate nouns of two syllables, with the tone on the penult and a furtive vowel on the final:
| Singular absolute. | Construct state. |
| עָ֑בֶדʿābed or עֶבֶדʿebed | עֶבֶדʿebed |
| With light suffix. | Grave suffix. |
| עַבְדִיʿabdî | עַבְדְכֶםʿabdĕkem |
| Plural absolute. | Construct state. |
| עֲבָדִיםʿăbādîm | עַבְדֵיʿabdê |
| With light suffix. | Grave suffix.[[1]] |
| עֲבָדַיʿăbāday | עַבְדֵיכֶםʿabdêkem |
[1]. Termed grave, because they always have the tone accent.
Declined with the personal pronoun, thus:
| Absolute | singular, | עֶבֶדʿebed | a slave. |
| Suff. | 1. | עַבְדִיʿabdî | my slave. |
| 2. m. | עַבְדְּךָʿabdĕkā | thy slave. | |
| 2. f. | עַבְדְךְʿabdk | thy slave. | |
| 3. m. | עַכְדְּךָʿakdĕkā | his slave. | |
| 3. f. | עַבְדָהּʿabdāh | her slave. | |
| 1. (plur.) | עַבְדֵנוּʿabdēnû | our slave. | |
| 2. m. | עַבְדְכֶםʿabdĕkem | your slave. | |
| 2. f. | עַבְדְכֶךʿabdĕkek | your slave. | |
| 3. m. | עַבְדָםʿabdām | their slave. | |
| 3. f. | עַבְדָךʿabdāk | their slave. | |
| Absolute | plural, | עֲבָדִיםʿăbādîm | slaves. |
| Suff. | 1. | עֲבָדַיʿăbāday | my slaves. |
| 2. m. | עֲבָדֶיךָʿăbādêkā | thy slaves. | |
| 2. f. | עֲבָדַיִךְʿăbādayik | thy slaves. | |
| 3. m. | עֲבָדָיוʿăbādāyw | his slaves. | |
| 3. f. | עֲבָדֶיהָʿăbādêhā | her slaves. | |
| 1. (plur.) | עֲבָדֵינוּʿăbādênû | our slaves. | |
| 2. m. | עֲבָדֵיכֶםʿăbādêkem | your slaves. | |
| 2. f. | עֲבְדֵיכֶןʿăbdêken | your slaves. | |
| 3. m. | עַבְדֵיהֶםʿabdêhem | their slaves. | |
| 3. f. | עַבְדֵיהֶןʿabdêhen | their slaves. |
Prefixed by a preposition, it will stand thus: בְּעבדbĕʿbd in, at, with, &c. a slave; or with לl thus, לְעבדlĕʿbd to, at, in, towards, till, until, &c. a slave; or, when the word עבדʿbd is used as a verb, it will stand in place of our infinitive mood, thus, לַֽעֲבֹ֨דlaʿăbōd to slave, as in Num. iv. 47. So this word עבדʿbd or any form of it may be prefixed by מm as a contraction of ןמnm, a preposition of various meanings or applications, as from, apart from, of, out of, by, &c. &c.; and so it may be prefixed by any of the letters הֶ֥אֱמַנְתִּ֖יheʾĕmantî forming the word heemanti, each prefixed letter giving to the root word some shade of meaning, emphasis, or adjective quality. So, also, it may be prefixed by כּk, used both as a preposition, and as a conjunction, thus, כִּעָבֶדkiʿābed as, so, according to, after, about, nearly, almost, &c. &c. a slave. Hebrew nouns may also be prefixed by particles of old obsolete words, varying their form, and exceedingly so their phonetic representation; as for example, שְׁלֹמֹהšĕlōmō Shelomah was the son and successor of King David. Now שׁš, as the particle of some ancient word, and followed by לl, becomes the sign of the possessive case; but when the word begins with these two letters, they then will be duplicated, as in Canticles iii. 7, מִטָתוֹ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹהmiṭātô šellišlōmō mittatho shellishlomoh, Solomon’s bed, &c.
Prepositions, sometimes two or more, are, or seem to be, compounded, yet used in the sense of the last in the compound, thus: מִןmin and עַלʿal used thus, מֵעַלmēʿal for עַלʿal, or לְמִןlĕmin for מִןmin, &c. &c.
The noun עֶבֶדʿebed ebed may also be prefixed by a conjunction, thus, וְעבדwĕʿbd and a slave, &c. &c.
It may also often be compounded with other nouns. Thus, עֹבַדְיָהוʿōbadyāhw the slave of God. In this manner the composition of significant terms, and their conversion into proper names, is unlimited: thus, עַבְדּוֹןʿabdôn the judgment, or government of a slave, and made the name of a city. See Josh. ii. 30; also 1 Chron. i. 59, the 74th of the English text; and hence the word abaddon has been used by some to signify a place of punishment. We can give but a mere sketch of the grammatical formations and variations of the word ebed; aware that even such sketch, can be considered of value only by a few, we refrain from even a glimpse of its phonetic variations and peculiarities, deeming them only interesting to the advanced and more critical of the proficients in the language; but we cannot refrain from giving a sketch of its declension as a verb, for the benefit of the Greek and Roman scholar.
Conjugation of the word עָבַדʿābad as a verb, to slave, &c.
| In Kal. | ||
| Praet. | 3. p. m. | עָבַדʿābad |
| 3. f. | עָֽבָדָהּʿābādāh | |
| 2. m. | עָֽבַדְתָּʿābadtā | |
| 3. (plur.) | עָֽבְדוּʿābĕdû | |
| 2. m. | עָבַדְתֶּםʿābadtem | |
| Infinitive absolute, | עָבוֹדʿābôd | |
| Construct state, | עֲבֹדʿăbōd | |
| Future, | 3. m. | יַעֲבֹדyaʿăbōd |
| 2. m. | תַּעֲבדtaʿăbd | |
| 3. (plur.) | יַעַבְדוּyaʿabdû | |
| 3. f. | תַּעֲבֹדְנָהtaʿăbōdĕnâ | |
| Imperative, | 2. p. m. | עֲבֹדʿăbōd |
| 2. f. | עבְדִיʿbdy | |
| Participle, | act. | עוֹבֵדʿôbēd |
| pass. | עָבוּדʿābûd | |
| Niphal. | ||
| Praet. | 3. m. | נֶעֱבַדneʿĕbad |
| 2. m. | נֶעֱבַ֫דְתָּneʿĕbadtā | |
| Infinitive, | הֵעָבֵדhēʿābēd | |
| Future, | יֵעָבֵדyēʿābēd | |
| Imperative, | הֵעָבֵדhēʿābēd | |
| Participle, | נֶעֱבָדneʿĕbād | |
| Piel, (poel, polel.) | ||
| Praet. | עִבֵּדʿibbēd | |
| Infinitive, | עַבֵּדʿabbēd | |
| Future, | יְעַבֵּדyĕʿabbēd | |
| Participle, | מְעַבֵּדmĕʿabbēd | |
| PUAL, (poal, polal.) | ||
| Praet. | עֻבַּדʿubbad | |
| Infinitive, | עֻבַּדʿubbad | |
| Future, | יְעֻבַּדyĕʿubbad | |
| Participle, | מְעֻבָּדmĕʿubbād | |
| Hiphil. | ||
| Praet. | הֶעֱבִידheʿĕbîd | |
| 2. m. | הֶעֱבַ֫דְתָּheʿĕbadtā | |
| Infinitive, | הַעֲבִידhaʿăbîd | |
| Future, | יַעֲבִידyaʿăbîd | |
| Participle, | מַעֲבִידmaʿăbîd | |
| Hophal. | ||
| Praet. | הָעֳבַדhāʿŏbad | |
| Infinitive, | הָעֳבַדhāʿŏbad | |
| Future, | יָעֳבַדyāʿŏbad | |
| Participle, | מָעֳבָדmāʿŏbād | |
| Hithpael. | ||
| Praet. | הִתְעַבֵּדhitʿabbēd | |
| Infinitive, | הִתְעַבֵּדhitʿabbēd | |
| Future, | יִתְעַבֵּדyitʿabbēd | |
| Participle, | מִתְעַבֵּדmitʿabbēd | |
The unusual conjugations sometimes found in the form of some Hebrew words, hothpaal, pilel, pulal, hithpalel, and the Arabic iq-talla, pealal, pilpel, and the Aramaen tiphel, and the Syriac shaphel, are not known to the writer to have an example in the Hebrew Scriptures in the word עבדʿbd, and are therefore not exemplified.
Paradigm of the verb עָבַדʿābad to slave, as a 1. guttural in Kal.
| Praeter, | singular, | 3. m. | עָבַֽדʿābad |
| 3. f. | עָֽבְדָֽהʿābĕdâ | ||
| 2. m. | עָבַֽדְתָּʿābadtā | ||
| 2. f. | עָבַֽדְתְּʿābadt | ||
| 1. com. | עָבַֽדְתִּיʿābadtî | ||
| Plural, | 3. com. | עָֽבְדֽוּʿābĕdû | |
| 2. m. | עֲבַדְתֶּםʿăbadtem | ||
| 2. f. | עֲבַדְתֶּֽןʿăbadten | ||
| 1. com. | עָבַֽדְנוּʿābadnû | ||
| Infinitive absolute, | עָבֽוֹדʿābôd | ||
| Infinitive construct, | עֲבֹ֖דʿăbōd | ||
| Imperative, | singular, | m. | עֲבֹ֥דʿăbōd |
| f. | עִבְדִֽיʿibdî | ||
| Plural, | m. | עִבְד֖וּʿibdû | |
| f. | עֲבֹֽדְנָהʿăbōdĕnâ | ||
| Present, | singular, | 3. m. | יַֽעֲבֹֽדyaʿăbōd |
| 3. f. | תַּ֥עֲבֹֽדtaʿăbōd | ||
| 2. m. | תַּ֖עֲבֹֽדtaʿăbōd | ||
| 2. f. | תַּ֖עַבְדִ֖יtaʿabdî | ||
| 1. com. | אֶֽעֱבֹֽדʾeʿĕbōd | ||
| Plural, | 3. m. | יַעַֽבְדֽוּyaʿabdû | |
| 3. f. | תַּֽעֲבֹֽדְנָהtaʿăbōdĕnâ | ||
| 2. m. | תַּ֖עַבְדוּtaʿabdû | ||
| 2. f. | תַּ֖עֲבֹֽדְנָהtaʿăbōdĕnâ | ||
| 1. com. | נַֽעֲבָֹדnaʿăbōād | ||
| Pres. apocope, | יַֽעֲבֽדyaʿăbd | ||
| Participle, | active, | עֹבֵדʿōbēd | |
| passive, | עָבֽוּדʿābûd |
Paradigm of the verb עבדʿbd to slave, as a 1. guttural in Niphal.
| Praeter, | singular, | 3. m. | נֶֽעֱבַֽדneʿĕbad |
| 3. f. | נֶ֖עֶבְדָ֖הneʿebdâ | ||
| 2. m. | נֶֽעֱבַ֖דְתָּneʿĕbadtā | ||
| 2. f. | נֶֽעֱבַ֖דְתְּneʿĕbadt | ||
| 1. com. | נֶ֖עֱבַֽדְתִּיneʿĕbadtî | ||
| Plural, | 3. com. | נֶֽעֶבְד֭וּneʿebdû | |
| 2. m. | נֶֽעֱבַדְתֶּםneʿĕbadtem | ||
| 2. f. | נֶֽעֱבַדְתֶּןneʿĕbadten | ||
| 1. com. | נֶֽעֱבַדְנוּneʿĕbadnû | ||
| Infinitive, | הֵּעָבֵֽדhēʿābēd | ||
| Imperative, | singular, | m. | הֵעָבֵ֖דhēʿābēd |
| f. | הֵעָ֖בְדִֽיhēʿābĕdî | ||
| Plural, | m. | הֵֽעָ֖בְדֽוּhēʿābĕdû | |
| f. | הֵעָבֵ֖דְנָהhēʿābēdĕnâ | ||
| Present, | singular, | 3. m. | יֵעָבֵֽדyēʿābēd |
| 3. f. | הֵּעָבֵֽדhēʿābēd | ||
| 2. m. | תֵּעָבֵֽדtēʿābēd | ||
| 2. f. | תֵּעָֽבְדִ֖יtēʿābĕdî | ||
| 1. com. | אֵעָֽבֵֽדʾēʿābēd | ||
| Plural, | 3. m. | יֵעָֽבְדֽוּyēʿābĕdû | |
| 3. f. | תּעָֽבֵ֖דְנָהtʿābēdĕnâ | ||
| 2. m. | תֵּעָֽבְד֭וּtēʿābĕdû | ||
| 2. f. | תֵּ֥עָבֵדְנָהtēʿābēdĕnâ | ||
| 1. com. | נֵעָבֵ֖דnēʿābēd | ||
| Participle, | נֶֽעֱבָֽדneʿĕbād |
Paradigm of the verb עבדʿbd to slave, as a 1. guttural in Pihel or piel, (poel, polel.)
| Praeter, | singular, | 3. m. | עִבֵּ֖דʿibbēd |
| 3. f. | עִבַּדָהʿibbadâ | ||
| 2. m. | עִבַּדְתָּʿibbadtā | ||
| 2. f. | עִבַּדְתְּʿibbadt | ||
| 1. com. | עִבַּדְתִּיʿibbadtî | ||
| Plural, | 3. com. | עִבְּדֽוּʿibbĕdû | |
| 2. m. | עִבַּדְתֶּםʿibbadtem | ||
| 2. f. | עִבַּדתֶּןʿibbadten | ||
| 1. com. | עִבַּדְנוּʿibbadnû | ||
| Infinitive, | עַבֵּדʿabbēd | ||
| Imperative, | singular, | m. | עַבֵּֽדʿabbēd |
| f. | עַבְּדִיʿabbĕdî | ||
| Plural, | m. | עבּדוּʿbdû | |
| f. | עַבֵּדְנָהʿabbēdĕnâ | ||
| Present, | singular, | 3. m. | יְעַבֵּֽדyĕʿabbēd |
| 3. f. | תּעַבֵּדtʿabbēd | ||
| 2. m. | תְּעַבֵּדtĕʿabbēd | ||
| 2. f. | תְּעַבֵּֽדtĕʿabbēd | ||
| 1. com. | אֲעַבֵּֽדʾăʿabbēd | ||
| Plural, | 3. m. | יְעַבְדֽוּyĕʿabdû | |
| 3. f. | תְּעַבֵּדְנָהtĕʿabbēdĕnâ | ||
| 2. m. | תְּעַבֵּדֽוּtĕʿabbēdû | ||
| 2. f. | תְּעַבֵּדְנָהtĕʿabbēdĕnâ | ||
| 1. com. | נְעַבֵּ֖דnĕʿabbēd | ||
| Participle, | מְעַבֵּדmĕʿabbēd |
Paradigm of the verb עבדʿbd to slave, as a 1. guttural in Puhal, (pual, poal, polal.)
| Praeter, | singular, | 3. m. | עֻבַּדʿubbad |
| 3. f. | עֻבְּדָֽהʿubbĕdâ | ||
| 2. m. | עֻבַּדְתָּʿubbadtā | ||
| 2. f. | עֻבַּֽדְתְּʿubbadt | ||
| 1. com. | עֻבַּֽדְתִּיʿubbadtî | ||
| Plural, | 3. com. | עֻבְּדוּʿubbĕdû | |
| 2. m. | עֻבַּדְתֶּֽםʿubbadtem | ||
| 2. f. | עֻבַּדְתֶּןʿubbadten | ||
| 1. com. | עֻבַּֽדְנוּʿubbadnû | ||
| Infinitive, | עֻבַּֽדʿubbad | ||
| Present, | singular, | 3. m. | יְעֻבַּדyĕʿubbad |
| 3. f. | תְּעֻבַּֽדtĕʿubbad | ||
| 2. m. | תְּעֻבַּֽדtĕʿubbad | ||
| 2. f. | תְּעַבּדִיtĕʿabbdî | ||
| 1. com. | אֲעֻבַּֽדʾăʿubbad | ||
| Plural, | 3. m. | יְעֻבְּדֽוּyĕʿubbĕdû | |
| 3. f. | תְּעֻבְּדֽנָהtĕʿubbĕdnâ | ||
| 2. m. | תְּעֻבְּדֽוּtĕʿubbĕdû | ||
| 2. f. | תְּעֻבַּֽנָהtĕʿubbanâ | ||
| 1. com. | נְעֻבַּֽדnĕʿubbad | ||
| Participle, | מְעֻבַּֽדmĕʿubbad |
Paradigm of the verb עבדʿbd to slave, as a 1. guttural in Hiphil.
| Praeter, | singular, | 3. m. | הֶֽעֱבִֽידheʿĕbîd |
| 3. f. | הֶֽעֱבִידָהheʿĕbîdâ | ||
| 2. m. | הֶֽעֱבַֽדְתָּheʿĕbadtā | ||
| 2. f. | הֶֽעֱבַֽדְתְּheʿĕbadt | ||
| 1. com. | הֶֽעֱבַֽדְתִּיheʿĕbadtî | ||
| Plural, | 3. com. | הֶעֱבִֽידוּheʿĕbîdû | |
| 2. m. | הֶעֱבַדְתֶּםheʿĕbadtem | ||
| 2. f. | הֶעֱבַדְתֶּןheʿĕbadten | ||
| 1. com. | הֶעֱבַדְנוּheʿĕbadnû | ||
| Infinitive, | הַֽעֲבִֽידhaʿăbîd | ||
| Imperative, | singular, | m. | הַֽעֲבֵֽדhaʿăbēd |
| f. | הַֽעֲבִֽידִיhaʿăbîdî | ||
| Plural, | m. | הַֽעֲבִֽידוּhaʿăbîdû | |
| f. | הַֽעֲבֵדְנָהhaʿăbēdĕnâ | ||
| Present, | singular, | 3. m. | יַֽעֲבִֽידyaʿăbîd |
| 3. f. | תַּֽעֲבִֽידtaʿăbîd | ||
| 2. m. | תַּעֲבִֽידtaʿăbîd | ||
| 2. f. | תַּֽעֲבִֽידִיtaʿăbîdî | ||
| 1. com. | אַֽעֲבִֽידʾaʿăbîd | ||
| Plural, | 3. m. | יַֽעֲבִֽידוּyaʿăbîdû | |
| 3. f. | תַּֽעֲבֵֽדְנָהtaʿăbēdĕnâ | ||
| 2. m. | תַּֽעֲבִֽידוּtaʿăbîdû | ||
| 2. f. | תַּֽעֲבֵדְנָהtaʿăbēdĕnâ | ||
| 1. com. | נַעֲבִֽידnaʿăbîd | ||
| Pres. apocope, | יַֽעֲבֵדyaʿăbēd | ||
| Participle, | מַֽעֲבִֽידmaʿăbîd |
Paradigm of the verb עבדʿbd to slave, as a 1. guttural in Hophal.
| Praeter, | singular, | 3. m. | הָעֳבַֽדhoʿŏbad |
| 3. f. | הָֽעָבְדָֽהhāʿobdâ | ||
| 2. m. | הַֽעֳבַֽדְתָּhaʿŏbadtā | ||
| 2. f. | הָֽעֳבַֽדְתְּhoʿŏbadt | ||
| 1. com. | הָֽעֳבַֽדְתִּיhoʿŏbadtî | ||
| Plural, | 3. com. | הָֽעָבִדֽוּhāʿābidû | |
| 2. m. | הָֽעֳבַדְתֶּםhāʿŏbadtem | ||
| 2. f. | הָֽעֳבַדְתֶּןhāʿŏbadten | ||
| 1. com. | הָֽעֳבַֽדְנוּhoʿŏbadnû | ||
| Infinitive, | הָֽעֳבַֽדhoʿŏbad | ||
| Present, | singular, | 3. m. | יָֽעֳבַֽדyoʿŏbad |
| 3. f. | תָּעֳבַדtāʿŏbad | ||
| 2. m. | תָּעֳבַדtāʿŏbad | ||
| 2. f. | תָּֽעָבְֽדִיtāʿābĕdî | ||
| 1. com. | אָֽעֳבַֽדʾoʿŏbad | ||
| Plural, | 3. m. | יָֽעָבְדֽוּyāʿobdû | |
| 3. f. | תָּֽעֳבַֽדְנָהtoʿŏbadnâ | ||
| 2. m. | הָּֽעָבְדוּhāʿābdû | ||
| 2. f. | הָּֽעֳבַֽדְנָהhoʿŏbadnâ | ||
| 1. com. | נָֽעֳבַֽדnoʿŏbad | ||
| Participle, | מָֽעֳבָֽדmoʿŏbād |
Paradigm of the verb עבדʿbd to slave, as a 1. guttural in Hithpael.
| Praeter, | singular, | 3. m. | הִתְעַבַּדhitʿabbad |
| 3. f. | הִתְעַבְּדָהhitʿabbĕdâ | ||
| 2. m. | הִתְעַבַּדְתָּhitʿabbadtā | ||
| 2. f. | הִתְעַבַּדְתְּhitʿabbadt | ||
| 1. com. | הִתְעַבַּדְתִּיhitʿabbadtî | ||
| Plural, | 3. com. | הִתְעַבְּדוּhitʿabbĕdû | |
| 2. m. | הִתְעַבַּדְתֶּםhitʿabbadtem | ||
| 2. f. | הִתְעַבְּדְתֶּןhitʿabbdĕten | ||
| 1. com. | הִתְעַבַּדְנוּhitʿabbadnû | ||
| Infinitive, | הִתְעַבֵּדhitʿabbēd | ||
| Imperative, | singular, | m. | הִתְעַבֵּדhitʿabbēd |
| f. | הִתְעַבְּדִיhitʿabbĕdî | ||
| Plural, | m. | הִתְעַבְּדוּhitʿabbĕdû | |
| f. | הִתְעַבֵּדְנָהhitʿabbēdĕnâ | ||
| Present, | singular, | 3. m. | הִתְעַבֵּדhitʿabbēd |
| 3. f. | תִּתְעַבֵּדtitʿabbēd | ||
| 2. m. | תִּתְעַבֵּדtitʿabbēd | ||
| 2. f. | תִּתְעַבְּדִיtitʿabbĕdî | ||
| 1. com. | אֶתְעַבֵּדʾetʿabbēd | ||
| Present, | plural, | 3. m. | יִתְעַבֵּדוּyitʿabbēdû |
| 3. f. | תִּתְעַבֵּדְנָהtitʿabbēdĕnâ | ||
| 2. m. | תִּתְעַבְּדוּtitʿabbĕdû | ||
| 2. f. | תִּתְעַבֵּדְנָהtitʿabbēdĕnâ | ||
| 1. com. | נִתְעַבֵּֽדnitʿabbēd | ||
| Participle, | מִתְעַבֵּדmitʿabbēd |
In close, it may be remarked that there is perhaps no Hebrew verb found in all the forms of conjugation in the Holy Books.
THE END.