FOOTNOTES:
[1] Advancement of Learning, Basil Montagu’s edition of Bacon’s works, Vol. ii. p. 102, Pickering. 1825.
[2] The Study of Church History Recommended, being the Terminal Divinity Lecture, delivered in Bishop Cosin’s Library, April 15, 1834, before the Rt. Rev. the Dean, the Chapter, and the University of Durham, by Hugh James Rose, B. D., Chaplain to his Grace, the Archbishop of Canterbury.
[3] The Rev. Professor Keble, advertisement to the Christian Year.
[4] Of the Church and the Scriptures, Basil Montagu’s edition, i. 220.
[5] The New Testament arranged in Chronological and Historical order, ii. 134.
[6] Concio ad Clerum, Pratt’s edition.
[7] Mede’s Works, ii. 1061.
[8] Epistola, 709.
[9] “On foot they went, and took Salisbury in their way, purposely to see the good Bishop, who made Mr. Hooker sit at his own table—which Mr. Hooker boasted of with much joy and gratitude, when he saw his mother and friends; and at the Bishop’s parting with him, the Bishop gave him good counsel, and his benediction, but forgot to give him money; which when the Bishop had considered, he sent a servant in all haste to call Richard back to him, and at Richard’s return, the Bishop said to him, Richard, I sent for you back to lend you a horse which hath carried me many a mile, and, I thank God, with much ease; and presently delivered into his hand a walking staff, with which he professed he had travelled through many parts of Germany; and he said, Richard, I do not give but lend you my horse; be sure you be honest, and bring my horse back to me at your return this way to Oxford. And I do now give you ten groats to bear your charges to Exeter; and here is ten groats more, which I charge you to deliver to your mother, and tell her I send her a bishop’s benediction with it and beg the continuance of her prayers for me. And if you bring my horse back to me I will give you ten groats more to carry you on foot to the college; and so, God bless you, good Richard.”—Izaak Walton’s Life of Richard Hooker.
[10] “New-born;” not as the Church, but as the Catholic Church reformed.
[11] The Study of Church History recommended.
[12] Acts, xi. 19.
[13] Acts, xi. 28.
[14] Acts, xviii. 2.
[15] Bede’s Hist. Eccles. 169.
[16] Bede, 233.
[17] Bede, 255. 459. 480.
[18] Bede, 437.
[19] Bede, 34. 158. 169.
[20] Girald, Cambr. apud Hen. Wharton, v. ii. p. 533. Anglia Sacra.
[21] Bede 82. et seq.
[22] Bede, 116.
[23] Bede died A. D. 735.
[24] Bede, 166.
[25] Angl. Sacra, v. ii. p. 491.
[26] Bede, 339.
[27] Bede, 250.
[28] Bede, 254.
[29] Bede, 322.
[30] Bede, 247.
[31] Bede, 258.
[32] Bede, 271.
[33] Bede, 453.
[34] Bede, 271.
[35] Bede, 322.
[36] Bede, 395, 438.
[37] The very name, purgatory, is heathen. The annual feast of purification in February was called “Sacrum Purgatorium.” Vide Augustin. de Civ. Dei, l. vii. c. 7.; also Jewel’s Def. of the Apology, part ii. c. 16. § 1.
[38] Bede, 122.
[39] Bede, 431.
[40] Bede, 330.
[41] Bede, 94.
[42] Bede, 334. ed. Wheloc.
[43] Præfat. in Leges Aluredi Regis, p. 16. ed. Wheloc.
[44] Bede, 411.
[45] Bede, ed. Wheloc, p. 422. et seq.
[46] Turner’s Ang. Sax. iii. 362.
[47] Measure for Measure, act iii. sc. 1.
[48] Bede, 430.
[49] Bede, 336, 344, 349, 417.
[50] Bede, 164, 315, 431.
[51] This argument is actually urged in favour of the dignity of the priesthood in the Catechismus ad Parochos, p. 270.
[52] Bede, 78.
[53] Bede, 124. This phrase, however, might only indicate the side Eadbald would have supported in the Nestorian controversy.
[54] Bede, 446.
[55] Bede, 281.
[56] Bede, 185, 186.
[57] Bede, 351.
[58] Bede, 389.
[59] Bede, 366.
[60] Bede, 374.
[61] Bede, 213.
[62] Bede, p. 441. et seq. Comp. Dante Purgator. ii.
[63] See pp. 206. 329.
[64] Canonicus Lichfeld. de Success. Archiep. Cant. ap. Wharton, Anglia Sacra, i. 95.
[65] Osbern. ap. Wharton, Angl. Sacr. ii. 89.
[66] Burnet’s Hist. Reform. v. i. 130. v. iii. introd. xvi. fol.
[67] In “The Supplication of Beggars,” they are stated at 52,000. (See Fox’s Acts and Mon, ii. 280. edit. 1631–2, with the note.) The number may be exaggerated; but it will seem less extraordinary when it is remembered that one of the qualifications of a thegn or thane, a lower class of nobles, having some analogy to the barons of Norman times, was, that he should have five hides of his own land and a church. (See Turner’s Angl. Sax. ii. 265.)
[68] Angl. Sacr. ii. 91.
[69] Hen. Wharton, Angl. Sacr. i. 126.
[70] Willelm. Malmesb. ap. Wharton, Angl. Sacr. ii. 260.
[71] See Warton’s Hist. of English Poetry, i. 266. 4to.
[72] Angl. Sacr. i. 435.
[73] Angl. Sacr. i. 255.
[74] Angl. Sacr. i. 248.
[75] Angl. Sacr. ii. præf. p. 4.
[76] Angl. Sacr. ii. 480.
[77] Angl. Sacr. ii. 611.
[78] Warton’s Hist. of Poetry, i. 290. 4to.
[79] Erasmi Colloq. Franciscani.
[80] See an Essay on the Government of the Church of England, by George Reynolds, Archdeacon of Lincoln, p. 101. et seq.
[81] Warton’s Hist. of English Poetry, i. 292. 4to.
[82] Ibid. i. 290.
[83] Warton’s Hist. of English Poetry, i. 296.
[84] Erasm. Colloq. Franciscani. Chaucer.
[85] Milton, i. 80. Prose Works, Burnett’s ed. Bishop Jewel argues the question more practically than Milton; and, allowing that there are many who would teach Christ for Christ’s sake, looks onward to posterity, and asks of fathers, whether their own zeal will cause them to “keep their children at school until four and twenty years old, at their own charges, that in the end they may live in glorious poverty? that they may live poorly and naked, like the prophets and the apostles?” and he foretells that the event would be a lapse into ignorance—Serm. on Ps. lxix. 9.
[86] Erasm. Colloq. Franciscani.
[87] Leges Inæ, 1. Aluredi, 23, 24. Edmundi, 57. Edgari, 62. Bede’s Eccl. Hist. 178. 291. See also Sharon Turner’s Anglo-Saxons, iii. 248. et seq.
[88] Essay upon the Government of the Church of England, by George Reynolds, 27.
[89] Reynolds, 30.
[90] Bede’s Eccl. Hist. 447.
[91] Reynolds, 31.
[92] Bede, 447.
[93] Angl. Sacr. i. 461.
[94] Angl. Sacr. i. 6. et seq.
[95] Angl. Sacr. i. 6.
[96] Angl. Sacr. i. 272.
[97] Angl. Sacr. i. 284.
[98] Angl. Sacr. i. 274.
[99] Bede’s Eccl. Hist. 352. 400.
[100] Angl. Sacr. i. 6. 71.
[101] Angl. Sacr. i. 44. 48.
[102] Angl. Sacr. i. 42.
[103] Angl. Sacr. i. 43.
[104] Reynolds, 41. 48, 49.
[105] Reynolds, 36.
[106] Reynolds, 38.
[107] Reynolds, 68.
[108] 27 Hen. 8. c. 28. Stat. of the Realm, iii. 576.
[109] Kennet on Impropriations, 25.
[110] Ibid. 405.
[111] Kennet on Impropriations, 97.
[112] Ryves’s Poore Vicar’s Plea, 15.
[113] Ibid. 21.
[114] Ibid. 7.
[115] Kennet, 35.
[116] Ryves’s Poore Vicar’s Plea, 145.
[117] Monast. Anglic. i. 658.
[118] Kennet, 59.
[119] Strype’s Annals, 177. Latimer’s Sermons, ii. 243.
[120] Strype’s Annals, 181.
[121] Wordsworth’s Eccles. Biog. i. 265, note.
[122] Jewel’s Sermon on Haggai. i. 2.
[123] See Dean Colet’s Serm. in Burnet’s Reform. iii. 28. fol. The original Latin sermon is given in the appendix to Knight’s Life of Colet. The passage alluded to is in p. 281.
[124] Strype’s Cranmer, 456.
[125] Ibid. 217, 218.
[126] Colet’s Sermon, printed in 1511, speaks of law,—quæ prohibent ne clericus sit publicus lusor; and of laws, quæ prohibent clericis frequentare tabernas, 281.
[127] Latimer’s Sermons, i. 182.
[128] Ibid. 87.
[129] Burnet’s Hist. of Reformation, i. 316. 1st ed. fol.
[130] Strype’s Annals, 87.
[131] Strype’s Cranmer, 169. Fox’s Acts and Mon. i. 538. Ed. 1631–32. Wordsworth’s Eccl. Biog. i. 287.
[132] Wordsworth’s Eccl. Biog. i. 306. Knight’s Life of Dean Colet, 47. 53. 56. Erasmus supported by his authority the new system of theology, and defended his friend Colet at Cambridge.
[133] Eccl. Biog. i. 286, note.
[134] Latimer’s Sermons, i. 177.
[135] Shakspeare, Second Part of Henry IV. act. i. scene 2.
“Fal. Where’s Bardolph?”
Page. He’s gone into Smithfield to buy your worship a horse.
“Fal. I bought him in Paul’s, and he’ll buy me a horse in Smithfield.”
See also Strype’s Annals, 227.
[136] Ibid. 227, and Queen Elizabeth’s “Proclamation made for the reverend usage of all churches and churchyards,” given in Strype’s Life of Grindal, 56.
[137] See Canon’s, xviii. xix.
[138] Strype’s Cranmer, 56, and Latimer.
[139] Utopia, ed. 24mo. 73.
[140] Latimer’s Serm. i. 176.
[141] Wordsworth’s Eccl. Biog. i. 271.
[142] Latimer, ii. 65.
[143] Latimer, ii. 189.
[144] Eccl. Biog. i. 166.
[145] Eccl. Biog. i. 166.
[146] Latimer’s Serm. ii. 24. 199.
[147] Erasmus, Peregrinatio Religionis Ergo.
[148] Latimer, Serm. ii. 45.
[149] See the very learned charge of Dr. Waterland upon “The Wisdom of the Ancients borrowed from Divine Revelation,” viii. 1. et seq. Oxf.
[150] See Alix’s Churches of Piedmont, c. 24.
[151] See Gilly’s Researches among the Vaudois, 76., and his Second Visit, 219. It appears that the several liturgies of Geneva, Neufchatel and Lausanne are used at present; but that of Geneva by the majority of the pastors. On comparing the brief sketch of this service (given by Mr. Gilly as the one of La Torre) with the Geneva “Forme of Common Praires, made by Master John Calvyne,” we may conjecture that the latter is in a great measure retained.
[152] See Dante’s Purgatorio, c. xvi. xxxii. Petrarc. Son. 196.
[153] De Christianarum Ecclesiar. Successione et Statu. c. vi. § 19. 33.
[154] Eccl. Biog. i. 99.
[155] See Mr. Gilly’s Narrative, 78.
[156] Ellis’s Letters, i. 110. 2d Series.
[157] Ecc. Biog. i. 234.
[158] Latin was the common language of schools also before and at the Reformation. In the “Monita Pædagogica ad suos Discipulos” of Lily, the grammarian, and first master of Paul’s, is the following admonition:—
“Et quoties loqueris, memor esto loquare Latine,
Et veluti scopulos barbara verba fuge.”
[159] Ecc. Biog. i. 30. note.
[160] Inferno, c. ix.
[161] Ecc. Biog. i. 97, 98.
[162] Mark, xi. 32.
[163] See Milner’s History of the Church, iv. 109.
[164] See Milner’s History of the Church, iv. 130–136.
[165] See Wickliffe’s Life as given in Fox, extracted in Wordsworth’s Ecc. Biog. i. 52. 121.
[166] 1 Sam. ii. 17. 24.
[167] Matt. xxiii. 2, 3.
[168] Ecc. Biog. i. 53.
[169] Ecc. Biog. i. 22.
[170] Ecc. Biog. i. 125. 138.
[171] Ecc. Biog. i. 120, 121. 125.
[172] Ecc. Biog. i. 162.
[173] Ecc. Biog. i. 182.
[174] See the opinions of this reformer, collected from his works, in the Rev. H. Baber’s life of him, p. 32.
[175] Ecc. Biog. i. 170.
[176] Ecc. Biog. i. 176.
[177] In one particular, this peculiarity of the Lollard must have administered a very wholesome rebuke to a sin of the times. He would not swear by any of the members of Christ’s body, which was the heedless fashion of the day, but would content himself with such an affirmation, as “I am syker it is soth.” (See the Rev. H. Baber’s Memoirs of Wickliffe, prefixed to his Translation of the New Testament, p. 35.) May not the phrase a “yea-forsooth knave,” used by Falstaff (2 Hen. IV, ii. sc. 2,) have been a popular term of obloquy, originally applied to the Lollards by the dissolute and profane? See also Chaucer, “The Shipmanne’s Prologue.”
[178] Neal’s Hist. of Puritans, i. 6.
[179] Fox, i. 740.
[180] Isaiah, lv. 10, 11.
[181] Ecc. Biog. i. 290; where Fox and others attest these things.
[182] Nevertheless Luther is careful to maintain good works as the fruits of faith, though not as the meritorious cause of salvation. “Having so taught of faith in Christ,” says he, “we now teach touching good works also. Seeing that by faith thou hast apprehended Christ, by whom thou art justified, go now, love God and thy neighbours; pray to God, give him thanks; preach him, praise him, confess him; be good to thy neighbour, help him, do thy duty by him. These are truly good works, flowing as they do from that faith and joy conceived in the heart by reason of our forgiveness of sins through Christ.”—Comment. on the Galatians, ii. 16. And again, “After that Christ has been apprehended by faith, and that I am become dead to the law, justified from sin, freed from death, the devil, and hell, through Christ, I do good works, I love God, I give him thanks, I exercise charity towards my neighbour. But this charity, and the works consequent upon it, neither inform my faith, nor adorn it; but my faith informs and adorns my charity. This is my theology; these my paradoxes.”—ii. 18.
[183] Latimer, Serm. i. 188.
[184] Milner’s Church History, iv. 404.
[185] Id. iv. 406. 443.
[186] Id. iv. 474.
[187] Id. iv. 497.
[188] Id. iv. 475.
[189] Strype, Cranmer, p. 287. fol.
[190] Sleidan, De Stat. Relig. pp. 329, 468, 469.
[191] Milner, v. 340.
[192] Bull, Opera, i. 67. fol.
[193] Burnet, Hist. of Reform. ii. 37. fol. Strype’s Cranmer, p. 148. and Appendix 77. 1st. ed.
[194] Witness the following passage in a letter of Erasmus to Ammonius, then at London:—“Istis hæreticis vel hoc nomine sum iniquior, quod instante brumâ nobis auxerint lignorum pretium.”
[195] See his Convivium Religiosum.
[196] See the quotations from Luther’s Epistles, given in Milner’s Church Hist. v. 324.
[197] Ibid. v. 337. This however is a subject of regret even with Luther himself:—“Nunc cum tam magno incremento verbi non infeliciter sit repurgata doctrina pietatis, plerique perditè anhelant ad Sectas. Plerique vero non solum sacras literas sed etiam omnes alias literas fastidiunt et contemnunt.—Digni certè qui ἁνοήτοις Galatis conferantur.”—Comment. in Epist. ad Galat. i. 6.
[198] Utopia, ed. 12mo. p. 117.
[199] Id. 224.
[200] Utopia, ed. 12mo. p. 248.
[201] Id. 237.
[202] Id. 234. 237.
[203] Id. 233.
[204] Id. 243. 253.
[205] Id. 262.
[206] See Life of Sir T. More, Eccl. Biog. ii. 109. 112.
[207] Fox’s Acts and Monuments, ii. 283.
[208] Fox, ii. 275–297. Burnet’s Hist. Reform. i. 163, 164.
[209] Fox, Acts and Mon. ii. 306.
[210] Percy, Reliques of Ancient Poetry, ii. 285, and Warton’s Hist. of English Poetry, iii. 201.
[211] Wordsworth’s Eccl. Biog. i. 286.
[212] Fox, ii. 363.
[213] Ibid. li. 296.
[214] Fox, ii. 286.
[215] Wordsworth’s Eccl. Biog. i. 292.
[216] Fox, pp. 759. 1240.
[217] Serm. xi. on the Gunpowder Treason.
[218] Levit. xx. 21.
[219] Ibid. xviii. 15.
[220] Ibid. 24.
[221] Matt. xiv. 4.
[222] 1 Cor. vi. 1.
[223] Ibid. xviii. 8.
[224] Deut. xxv. 5.
[225] l Kings, ii. 17.
[226] Joseph. Antiq. lib. xviii. § 6, p. 807.
[227] Contemplations, lib. xii.
[228] The Querist, § 198. A work containing perhaps as much genuine humour, as many sagacious guesses at the real causes of various social and political evils affecting commonwealths, Ireland in particular (for it is written for the benefit of that country), and as many shrewd and practical hints for the removal of them, as any in our language.
[229] Burnet, Hist. Reform. lib. i. 125. fol.
[230] Dr. Lingard asserts that there were few instances of the see of Canterbury being filled so soon after a vacancy. Yet Archbishop Bredwardin died August 26, 1349, and Islip was appointed his successor by a papal bull, dated October 7, 1349, and was consecrated December 20th. Archbishop Arundel died February 19 or 20, 1413; Chichelè succeeded March 4, and received his pall in July. Chichelè died April 12, 1443; Stafford succeeded him by a bull dated May 15, and was consecrated in August. Stafford died in June or July 1452; Kemp succeeded by bull dated July 21, and on September 22, received his cross. Kemp died March 22, 1543, Bourchier was elected April 22, and received the bull of confirmation August 22. Langton died January 27, 1500; Dean was elected in April, and confirmed May 26.
See Mr. Todd’s Introduction to Cranmer’s Defence of the Sacrament, p. xxxvii.
[231] Mr. Ellis remarks, (Original Letters, vol. ii. p. 47,) that upon Wolsey’s fall, Henry pressed the chancellorship upon Cranmer, more than once, before he offered it to Sir Thomas More. Had it been so, the refusal would but have been of a piece with the rest of Cranmer’s private history; and, accordingly, we had once adduced this fact as a further argument of his unambitious spirit—but it has been pointed out to us by a high authority in ecclesiastical history, that Mr. Ellis has here mistaken Warham for Cranmer. Both the words of Erasmus’s letter (which is the reference, Epist. lib. xxvi. 55,) and its date prove this to be the case. It is there said, that the chancellorship was offered more than once to the Archbishop of Canterbury, and that he excused himself on the plea of age. Now, the date of the letter being January 1531, Cranmer was not then Archbishop, but Warham who died in August 1532; moreover, Cranmer was at that time only in his 42d year, and therefore could not possibly consider himself too old for the office. We notice a solitary error, for the sake of having an opportunity of expressing our thanks to Mr. Ellis, for the invaluable materials for English history which his researches have brought to light and the very instructive notes with which they are accompanied.
[232] Strype’s Cranmer, 456.
[233] The publicity of this proceeding is clearly proved in Mr. Todd’s Life of Cranmer, vol. i. p. 65. It is so far of importance, as it shows that the three Bishops—Lincoln, Exeter, and St. Asaph, (the last of them, Dr. Standish, a most zealous catholic,)—who were fixed upon to consecrate Cranmer, had the opportunity of refusing him consecration had they thought proper.
[234] Id. p. 17.
[235] Strype, Cran. p. 17.
[236] See Burnet, Hist. of Ref. vol. i. p. 123. fol. where the oaths are given at full.
[237] Cranmer, when examined before the commissioners at Oxford, touching the supremacy, urges with great force this same argument against the Queen herself, whose oaths to the state and to the pope being so repugnant.—“She must needs be forsworn to the one.”—Fox, vol. iii. p. 660.
[238] See Jewel’s Defence of the Apology, p. 634, fol.
[239] 2 Cor. xi. 5.
[240] xlix. 23.
[241] 2 Kings, xxii.
[242] See Jewel’s Defence of the Apology, p. 571.
[243] See The Icon Basilike, chap. xvii., quoted by Warburton in his “Alliance between Church and State.”
[244] See Sozomen, Hist. Eccles. lib. i. c. xvii. Euseb. de Vit. Constantin. iii. c. vii. Theodoret, Hist. Eccles. i. c. vii.
[245] In the time of Henry III., sixty-four abbots and thirty-six priors were called to parliament; but Edward III. reduced them to twenty-five abbots and two priors: two abbots were added afterwards; so that there were in all twenty-nine who enjoyed this honor till the dissolution.
[246] Fox’s Acts and Mon. ii. 282.
[247] Knight’s Life of Dean Colet, p. 61.
[248] See Ellis’s Original Letters, vol. ii. pp. 71. 77. vol. ii. p. 130, Second Series.
[249] See an Account of the Ancient and Present State of Shrewsbury 12mo. p. 107.
[250] Milton.
[251] See Sir H. Spelman’s History and Fate of Sacrilege, p. 229.
[252] Kennett on Impropriations, p. 165.
[253] Strype, Cranmer, p. 412.
[254] Kennett on Impropriations, p. 131.
[255] Dedicat. of Latimer’s Sermons, vol. ii. p. ix.
[256] Kennett, pp. 158. 184.
[257] History and Fate of Sacrilege, p. 243.
[258] Walton’s Life of Hooker. Eccl. Biog. vol. iv. p. 236.
[259] Fuller’s Holy and Prof. State, p. 239.
[260] Kennett’s Impropr. p. 438.
[261] Id. 184. Prov. xx. 25.
[262] Spelman, p. 297.
[263] Neal, History of the Puritans, vol. iv. p. 55.
[264] Kennett, p. 126.
[265] Strype makes the number 20; Collier, 40. Collier, ii. 19.
[266] Latimer’s Sermons, v. i. p. 87.
[267] See some curious traits of Cromwell’s real character collected from his own memoranda, and other authentic sources, in Ellis’s Original Letters, vol. ii. p. 116, second series, and again, p. 162: a list of the grants of lands made to him by Henry, is given p. 171. See also Hallam’s Constitutional History, 8vo. i. 96.; and Sir James Mackintosh’s History of England, ii. 228.
[268] Burnet, ii. 45, 46.
[269] Id. i. 189, 190.
[270] Id. i. 227.
[271] Levit. xxv. 23.
[272] See the characteristic declaration prefixed to the third volume of the Jesuits’ edition of Newton’s Principia.
[273] See an excellent pamphlet, entitled “The Revenues of the Church not a Burden to the Public.” 1830.
[274] Nehemiah, iv. 18.
[275] Some Account of Shrewsbury, p. 128.
[276] See the Petition of the Inhabitants of Holm Cultram, in Cumberland, to Cromwell, praying for the preservation of the abbey church there, A. D. 1538. Ellis’s Original Letters, ii. 89.
[277] Spelman, Hist. and Fate of Sacrilege, p. 202. The extract is from a letter of John Bale to Leland.
[278] Homily on Keeping clean of Churches.
[279] Strype’s Cranmer, 177.
[280] Latimer’s Sermons, i. 60, 61. Id. i. 176.
[281] Latimer’s Sermons, i. 167.
[282] Id. i. 176, 220.
[283] Strype’s Cranmer, 175.
[284] Fox, 1048. Percy’s Reliques of English Poetry, ii. 291. Shakspeare’s Winter Tale, act iv. sc. 2.
[285] Strype’s Append. 88.
[286] Strype’s Cranmer, 178. 291.
[287] Id. 178.
[288] Latimer’s Sermons, i. 135. 249; ii. 162. 163.
[289] Strype’s Cranmer, 208.
[290] Id. 179.
[291] Id. 291.
[292] Strype’s Life of Parker, p. 17. fol. ed.
[293] Latimer’s Sermons, i. 246.
[294] Latimer’s Sermons, i. 266.
[295] Id. i. 183. See also the lxxvth Canon.
[296] Id. ii. 58.
[297] Strype’s Cranmer, p. 216.
[298] Latimer, i. 93.
[299] See Bishop Jewel’s Sermon on Haggai, i. 2, near the end.
[300] Eccles. Biography, iv. 508. Country Parson, p. 95. 12mo. ch. xxviii.
[301] Latimer’s Sermons, i. 105.
[302] Burnet, Pref. ii. 14. Strype’s Cranmer, p. 36.
[303] Fox’s Acts and Mon. ii. 380.
[304] Fox, ii. 647.
[305] Clarendon’s Hist. of the Rebellion, i. 102.
[306] Fox, ii. 508.
[307] Strype’s Cranmer, pp. 114. 118.
[308] Eccles. Biog. iii. 478.
[309] Fox, ii. 530, et seq.
[310] Fox. See the story of Garret, ii. 517, and of Porter, ii. 536.
[311] Fox, ii. 525.
[312] See Latimer’s Sermons, i. 187. 227. 133. 181: also Fox, ii. 525, the sermon of one Seton, on Justification by Faith only.
[313] Hist. of Cambridge, p. 103.
[314] Barrow’s Works, fol. ed. i. 94. 260. 267. 305. 456.
[315] Latimer’s Sermons, i. 183.
[316] Fox, ii. 684; where Bonner defends himself for having overlooked some of the king’s injunctions in his sermon, by reason of his book of notes having “in his sermon-time fallen away from him.”
[317] See Eccles. Biog. i. 303.
[318] See Archbishop Laurence’s Bampton Lectures, Notes, pp. 196–199.
[319] 1 Macc. i. 56. 58. Fox, i. 682. 685. 772. ii. 416. Collier, ii. 188.
[320] See Strype’s Cranmer, p. 59, and Fox’s Acts and Mon. ii. 364.
[321] Strype, p. 58.
[322] Strype’s Cranmer, p. 64; and Appendix, 42.
[323] Formularies of Faith in the reign of Henry VIII. Published at the Clarendon Press, 1825. P. 25. 34. 386.
[324] Archbishop Laurence’s Bampton Lectures, p. 61–64.
[325] Formularies, &c. p. 116.
[326] Id. p. 161.
[327] Cranmer’s correspondence with Cromwell, on the subject of the Lutheran envoys, who were preparing to depart, evidently from a feeling that the purposes for which they were invited into England were all thwarted by the party which had now the ascendency at court, shows the struggle which was going on at this crisis, and how it was likely to end. See Burnet, iii. Rec. 48; and Todd’s Cranmer, i. 250.
[328] Archbishop Laurence, p. 200. Burnet (Hist. Reform. i. 286, and Supplement, 159,) asserts that it was never introduced into convocation; but here, as in so many other places, he is mistaken.
[329] The name was indeed given it by Gardiner; who thus, under the mask of a compliment, pledged the king to a work much less favourable to the Reformation than the Bishops’ Book. See Strype’s Cranmer, Appendix, No. xxxv.
[330] Strype’s Cranmer, p. 100.
[331] See Preface to the “Doctrine and Erudition,” &c. p. 218, 219.
[332] Formularies, &c., comp. p. 34 and 230.
[333] Comp. p. 40. 42, with 234, 235.
[334] Comp. p. 172, and 333.
[335] Id. p. 60, and 252.
[336] Id. p. 82, et seq. and p. 293.
[337] Id. p. 134, and 299.
[338] Formularies, p. 38.
[339] Id. p. 233.
[340] Id. p. 39.
[341] Id. p. 233.
[342] Comp. pp. 162. 325.
[343] Strype’s Cranmer, pp. 136. 128.
[344] See Cranmer’s Catechism, p. 23.
[345] See Mr. Todd’s Life of Cranmer, i. 354.
[346] Strype, p. 137.
[347] Burnet, Reform. ii. Append. 3.
[348] Ellis’s Original Letters, ii. 187. 2d Series.
[349] “Cum animi amaritudine et cordis dolore.” Burnet, Reform. ii. 168.
[350] Parr’s Works, iv. 181.
[351] Burnet, ii. 37.
[352] Compare Hom. on Good Works, part iii. with the exposition of the second commandment in the “Erudition,” p. 299.
[353] Burnet on the Articles, Pref. p. iii.
[354] Strype’s Cranmer, p. 149.
[355] Eccles. Biog. iii. 505, note, and Todd’s Cranmer, ii. 10, where the authority of John Woolton, a nephew of Dean Nowell, who published in 1576, is quoted for ascribing the three homilies above mentioned to Cranmer.
[356] Burnet, Reform. ii. 26.
[357] Cranmer’s Catechism, pp. 182. 206. Oxford, 1829.
[358] Cranmer’s Catechism, p. 51.
[359] Id. p. 106.
[360] Cranmer’s Catechism, see pp. 208. 210. 213.
[361] Fox, ii. 425.
[362] Eccles. Mem. ii. 368.
[363] Churton’s Life of Dean Nowell, pp. 403. 407.
[364] Todd’s Life of Cranmer, ii. 61.
[365] On this subject see “A Collection of the Principal Liturgies,” by Dr. Thomas Brett, with a Dissertation on the same, p. 357.
[366] Fox, ii. 659, who here gives the dates more accurately than others.
[367] These were Goodrich, Bishop of Ely; Ridley, of Rochester; Skyp, of Hereford; Thirlby, of Westminster; Day, of Chichester; Holbeach, of Lincoln; Dr. May, Dean of St. Paul’s; Dr. Taylor, Dean of Lincoln; Dr. Haynes, Dean of Exeter; Dr. Redmayn, Dean of Westminster; Dr. Cox, Almoner to the King; and Dr. Robertson, Archdeacon of Leicester. But the chief compilers, besides Cranmer, were probably Ridley and Goodrich. In the committee for drawing up the Communion Office, there were also the Archbishop of York, the Bishops of Durham, Worcester, Norwich, St. Asaph, Litchfield, Salisbury, Carlisle, Bristol, and St. David’s.
[368] Archbishop Laurence’s Bampton Lectures. pp. 207. 289.
[369] See Burnet, ii. 210.
[370] Wheatly, p. 267.
[371] The—day of September, 1559, the New Morning Prayers began now first at St. Antholin’s in Budgrow, ringing at five in the morning.—Strype’s Life of Grindal, p. 27.
[372] Bp. Sparrow’s Collections, p. 8.
[373] Ibid. p. 72.
[374] Herbert’s Country Parson, p. 76.
[375] Contempl. lib. xii.
[376] Country Parson, p. 25.
[377] Strype’s Cranmer, p. 27.
[378] Strype’s Annals, p. 87.
[379] Epistle Dedicatory to the University of Oxford, prefixed to vol. vii. of his sermons, ed. 1722. 8vo.
[380] They are here given from a reprint of the last Primer of Edward VI., by the Rev. H. Walter.—King Henry’s Primer, printed by Grafton in 1546, though containing some prayers of a more private nature, is in general an abridged translation of the Breviary; intended for the use of a congregation, (see Sparrow’s Collection, p. 11.) and furnished with a Litany nearly the same as that in our Book of Common Prayer. These publications, therefore, though bearing the same name of Primer, (which, indeed, seems to have been applied to many forms of devotion published in those times,) are, in themselves, very different works. Probably the Prayer Book having been put forth in the interval superseded all other public forms, and thenceforward the Primer was adapted to the use of the closet only.
[381] Strype’s Cranmer, p. 410. Archbishop Laurence, Bampton Lectures, p. 37.
[382] Bampton Lectures, Notes, p. 233.
[383] Strype’s Cranmer, pp. 207, 208.
[384] Bampton Lectures, p. 233.
[385] Neal’s Hist. of the Puritans. iii. 55., and Append. n. 7. where the amended articles may be seen.
[386] Neal’s Hist. of the Puritans, iv. p. 298.
[387] Bampton Lect. p. 234.
[388] Bampton Lect. pp. 45. 240.
[389] See Bampton Lect. p. 243. Strype’s Eccles. Mem. ii. 28.
[390] Strype’s Cranmer. p. 350.
[391] Strype’s Cranmer, Append. p. 195; and Annal. p. 207.
[392] Todd’s Life of Cranmer, i. 201.
[393] Archbishop Laurence, Bampton Lectures, Serm. iv. and v. This subject is treated by Luther with great power in his Commentary on the Epist. to the Galatians; see particularly ch. ii. v. 16.
[394] See Todd’s Cranmer, ii. 294.
[395] Prose Works, edited by George Burnett, i. 7.
[396] Bishop Hall, Ep. Decad. iv. 4.
[397] Warburton imagined that there was a political feeling coupled with this scruple. Such a principle, pursued through its necessary deductions, leading to a reformation of Civil government on Jewish ideas. Alliance of Church and State, book i. sect. 4. note.
[398] See his two admirable Sermons, xi. and xii. ad Aulam, on 1 Cor. x. 23. “All things are lawful for me, but all things are not expedient; all things are lawful for me, but all things edify not.”
[399] Strype’s Cranmer, p. 266.
[400] Strype’s Cranmer, p. 375.
[401] Strype’s Cranmer, Append. No xiv.
[402] Strype’s Cranmer, pp. 211. 212.
[403] Compare the Latin Catechism, p, 25, and the English, p. 34. See Grindal’s opinion of these interludes. Strype’s Life of Grindal, p. 82.
[404] This letter is given from the original MS. in Mr. Todd’s new Life of Cranmer, i. 205.
[405] Latimer’s Serm., i. 268.
[406] Strype’s Cranmer, p. 185. Latimer’s Serm., i. 268.
[407] See an original Letter published in Mr. Todd’s Life of Cranmer, i. 363.
[408] Strype’s Cranmer, pp. 168. 279. Burnet, ii. 8.
[409] Strype’s Cranmer, p. 165.
[410] Burnet, ii. 203.
[411] Burnet, iii. 197.
[412] Heylyn’s Hist. of Reformation, fol. p. 134. There may be something of high colouring in this picture of spoliation; for Heylyn (who dedicates to Charles II.) had, as is well known, a strong anti-puritan bias, which is particularly apparent in the unfavourable complexion he gives to Edward’s reign in general, and in the unfair, though self-contradictory, terms, in which he speaks of his individual character: indeed, so strangely is he sometimes at variance with himself on this subject, that he might almost be thought to have written for one set of readers and revised for another. Still the weakness of a minority is seen at this period—the more so after the rule of a Henry—solitaque jugum gravitate carebat.
[413] Fox. ii. 707.
[414] Strype’s Cranmer, 313.
[415] Id. 360.
[416] See Sir John Hayward’s Life and Reign of Edward VI. given in Kennet’s Hist. of England.
[417] Strype’s Cranmer, p. 283.
[418] Burnet, ii. 224.
[419] Fox, ii. 554.
[420] Burnet, ii. 127, 165.
[421] Hist. of the Puritans, part i. chap. iii. at the beginning.
[422] Wilkin’s Councils, iv. 86.
[423] Burnet, ii. 276. Comp. iii. 162.
[424] The sketch of this celebrated pulpit given in the title-page is from a print in the library of Magdalen college, Cambridge; being one of the many curiosities collected by Pepys; for a sight of which I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Lodge.
[425] Fox, iii. 18.
[426] The new foundations to which this measure gave occasion were King’s Langley in Hertfordshire, to which she annexed the nunnery of Dartford in Kent; the Greyfriars at Greenwich; the College of Manchester; St. Bartholomew’s Priory in Smithfield; the House of the Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem; the Savoy Hospital; Sion Nunnery; Westminster Abbey; Wolverhampton College in Staffordshire; and the Carthusian Priory of Sheen in Surrey—ten in all: they were for the most part re-annexed to the crown under Elizabeth; Ellis’s Letters of the Reign of Queen Mary, vol. ii. 2d series. Strype’s Annals, p. 68.
[427] Strype’s Annals, p. 37.
[428] See Todd’s Life of Cranmer, ii. 331.
[429] Fox, iii. 116.
[430] Collier’s Eccl. Hist. ii. 282.
[431] Fox, iii. 125.
[432] Strype’s Annals, pp. 239, 240, 241. Strype’s Life of Grindal, pp. 11. 17. 22. fol., where there will be found much information as to the manner in which Fox’s book was composed.
[433] Compare p. 444 of the first ed. (very scarce) with subsequent editions.
[434] This incident has been made the subject of much criticism to the disparagement of Fox: he, however, gives it as hearsay only; and though the circumstantial details might not have been reported to him correctly, the substantial fact may be true nevertheless. Fox, too, was personally connected with the family of the Duke of Norfolk, (at whose house the scene is said to have occurred,) being once tutor in it. Strype’s Annals, pp. 110. 368.
[435] Strype’s Annals, p. 242.
[436] Fox, iii. 459.
[437] Three Conversions, ii. 215.
[438] Id. 230.
[439] Three Conversions, ii. 81, and Strype’s Annals, p. 240.
[440] Id. ii. 81, and Strype’s Annals, p. 336.
[441] Id. iii. 23.
[442] Fuller’s Church History, b. viii. 20. See also Fox, iii. 171.
[443] Strype’s Annals, p. 246.
[444] Fox, iii. 681.
[445] Strype’s Cranmer, p. 274.
[446] See, however, Fox, iii. 427; where the Bishop of Gloucester is made to say, Latimer leaned to Cranmer, Cranmer to Ridley, and Ridley to the singularity of his own wit. But it was the policy of the Catholic party to run down Cranmer.
[447] Mr. Todd’s Life of Cranmer, i. 140, where this letter is printed from the Lansdowne MSS.
[448] Copies of this disputation were abroad in Ridley’s life; for Grindal in a letter to him, dated Frankfort, the 6th of May, 1555, speaks of having seen such.—Strype’s Life of Grindal, pp. 12. 18. It seems that Cranmer and Ridley had committed all that they could remember to writing; and that Grindal had compared their account with that of the notaries, and found the two agreeing in the main.
[449] Burnet, ii. 315.
[450] Collier, ii. 397. Fox. Strype’s Eccles. Mem. iii. 291.
[451] Burnet’s Reform. iii. 263.
[452] Id. iii. 275. Strype’s Annals, p. 133.
[453] Id.
[454] Strype’s Life of Parker, pp. 33, 34. Where there is given, in the Archbishop’s own words, a succinct catalogue of the miseries of this reign.
[455] Bishop Jewel’s View of the Bull—towards the end.
[456] Bishop Jewel’s View of the Bull—towards the end.
[457] Strype’s Annals, p. 29.
[458] Ellis’s Letters, Second Series, ii. 261.
[459] Strype’s Annals, p. 41.
[460] Strype’s Annals, p. 82.
[461] Heylyn, p. 109. fol.
[462] Sparrow’s Collection, p. 82.
[463] Ibid. p. 112.
[464] Strype’s Annals, pp. 106. 147. 150.
[465] Id. p. 237.
[466] Strype’s Annals, p. 88.
[467] Strype’s Parker, p. 155.
[468] Strype’s Grindal, p. 28. et alibi.
[469] Spenser, Eclogue vii.
[470] The nature and political effects of this famous bull, issued by Pius V. in 1563, may be seen in Bishop Jewel’s “view of it.”
[471] See Hallam’s Constitutional History, i. 223.
[472] See the letter in Burnet, ii. 311.
[473] See these injunctions in Bishop Sparrow’s Collection. p. 1. and p. 67.
[474] Nelson’s Life of Bull, p. 25. Oxf.
[475] Strype’s Annals, p. 298.
[476] Chap. VIII.
[477] Hist. of his own times;—conclusion.
[478] See Sir James Mackintosh’s History of England, ii. 272., and for the fact of the distinction (which has been disputed), Mr. Todd’s Life of Cranmer, ii. 334.
[479] Jewel’s Apology, part iii. ch. i. sect. 3.
[480] See The Liberty of Prophesying, sect. xiii. No. i. p. 190. and sect. xv. No. iii. p. 212. 4to.
[481] Cranmer’s Answer to Gardiner, p. 265. ed. 1580. quoted by Mr. Todd, ii. 152.
[482] Serm. i. pp. 160. 183.
[483] Strype’s Annals, p, 256.
[484] Knight’s Life of Colet, p. 100.
[485] Latimer’s Serm. i. p. 94. Strype’s Cranmer, p. 89.
[486] These facts are gathered from a sermon at Paul’s Cross, in 1550 by one Thomas Lever, afterwards master of St. John’s College, Cambridge. A copy of this sermon, and of another by the same author, is in the library of St. John’s.
[487] See Sparrow’s Collection, pp. 6, 71. In K. Edward’s injunctions, it is a “competent exhibition;” in Q. Elizabeth’s the sum is specified, 3l. 6s. 8d.
[488] See particularly his Sermon on Psalm lxix. 9.
[489] Kennet on Impropriations, p. 297.
Transcriber’s Notes:
1. Obvious printers’, punctuation and spelling errors have been corrected silently.
2. Some hyphenated and non-hyphenated versions of the same words have been retained as in the original.