BIBLIOGRAPHY

A FEW SUGGESTIONS

The first series of books referred to in the following lists (A-O) are general, and every one covers a large field. The works of Déchelette and Hoernes (A and B) contain a very rich bibliography down to 1907 or 1908. They should be carefully studied first of all; afterward the remainder of the list. I have omitted from the following list many excellent articles to which they refer. This list will satisfy the needs of the ordinary reader.

The second list (1-378) contains references to articles or books on special subjects which I have been obliged to treat very briefly in this small book. These will introduce the reader to other writers on the same subject. He is urged to make his own bibliography, and will find that he has started on an endless chain of most fascinating research, for which I hope he may form an insatiable appetite.

The following list of abbreviations and corresponding complete titles may save the reader some inconvenience. In this connection he may well consult the Introduction to Déchelette’s Manuel (A) I, pp. xv-xix.

Amer. Nat.	American Naturalist.
Amer. Anth.	American Anthropologist.
Sci. Mo.	Science Monthly. (Continuation of Popular Science Monthly.)
A. f. A. (Arch. f. Anth.)	Archiv für Anthropologie.
Zts. f. Eth.	Zeitschrift für Ethnologie.
L’Anth.	L’Anthropologie.
R. E. A.	Revue d’école d’Anthropologie, Paris.
Rev. Arch.	Revue Archéologique.
Korr.-bl. d. d. Ges.	Korrespondenz-blatt der deutschen Gesellschaft für Anthropologie.
Cong. Int.	Congrès international d’Anthropologie et d’Archéologie.

GENERAL

[A.] Déchelette, J. Manuel d’Archéologie Préhistorique. Paris, 1908. 3 vols. Vol. I. Archéologie Préhistorique.

[B.] Hoernes, M. Natur-und Urgeschichte des Menschen. Vienna, 1909. 2 vols.

[C.] —— Urgeschichte des Menschen, Vienna, 1892.

[D.] Obermaier, H. Der Mensch aller Zeiten. Berlin, 1911-12. Vol. I. Der Mensch der Vorzeit.

[E.] Forrer, R. Urgeschichte des Europäers. Stuttgart, 1908.

[F.] —— Reallexikon der prähistorischen, klassichen und frühchristlichen Alterthümer. Stuttgart, 1907-08.

[G.] Müller, S. Nordische Älterthumskunde (trans. Jiriczek). Strassburg, 1897. Vol. I. Steinzeit-Bronzezeit.

[H.] —— Urgeschichte Europas (trans. Jiriczek). Strassburg, 1905.

[I.] —— L’Europe préhistorique (trans. Philipot). Paris, 1907.

[J.] Montelius, O. Kulturgeschichte Schwedens. Leipsic, 1906.

[K.] —— Les Temps préhistoriques en Suède (trans. Reinach). Paris, 1895.

[L.] Avebury, Lord (Sir John Lubbock). Prehistoric Times. New York, 1913.

[M.] Elliot, G. F. S. Prehistoric Man and His Story. London, 1915.

[N.] Schwantes, G. Aus Deutschland’s Urzeit. Leipsic, 1913.

[O.] Wundt, W. Elements of Folk Psychology (trans. Schaub, E. L.). London, 1915.

CHAPTER I—THE COMING OF MAN

[1.] Lull, R. S. Organic Evolution. New York, 1917.

[2.] Wilder, H. H. History of the Human Body. New York, 1909.

[3.] Cope, E. D. Primary Factors of Evolution. Chicago, 1895, p. 150.

[5.] Osborn, H. F. Age of Mammals. New York, 1910.

[6.] Loomis, F. B. “Adaptation of Primates,” Amer. Nat., XLV, 1911, 479.

[7.] Gregory, W. K. “Studies in the Evolution of Primates,” Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXV, 1916, Art. XIX, 239.

[8.] Barrell, J. “Probable Relations of Climatic Changes to Origin of Tertiary Ape-Man,” Sci. Mo., N. S., IV, 1917, 16.

[9.] Matthew, W. D. “Climate and Evolution,” Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., XXIV, 1915, 170.

[10.] Pilgrim, G. E. “New Siwalik Primates,” Records of Geol. Survey of India, XLIII, 1913, Part IV, 264.

[11.] Chamberlain, T. C., and Salisbury, R. D. Geology. New York, 1904, Vol. III, 534.

[12.] Lydekker, L. K. Geographical History of Mammals. Cambridge, 1896, 201, 265, 288, 334.

[13.] Pirsson, L. V., and Schuchert, C. Text-Book of Geology. New York, 1915, Part II, 925, 948, 964, 976.

[14.] Smith, G. E. Presidential Address, Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Dundee, 1912, 575.

[15.] Heinemann, T. W. Physical Basis of Civilization. Chicago, 1908.

[16.] Fiske, J. Destiny of Man. Boston, 1884.

[17.] Drummond, H. Ascent of Man. New York, 1894.

[18.] Kropotkin, P. A. Mutual Aid a Factor in Evolution. New York, 1903.

[19.] Jones, F. W. Arboreal Man. New York and London, 1916.

PITHECANTHROPUS

See A, I, 273; B, I, 181; D, I, 370; 40, 73.

[24.] Du Bois, E. Smithson. Report, 1897-98, 445.

[25.] Berry, E. W. “Environment of Ape-Man,” Sci. Mo., N. S., III, 1906, 161.

[26.] Keith, A. Ancient Types of Man. New York, 1911.

PRIMITIVE HUMAN MIGRATIONS

[30.] Keane, A. H. Ethnology. Cambridge, 1901.

[31.] Deniker, J. Races of Man. London, 1900.

[32.] Haddon, A. C. The Wanderings of Peoples. Cambridge, 1911.

[33.] —— Races of Man and Their Distribution. New York, 1910.

MAN’S ARRIVAL IN EUROPE

[40.] Osborn, H. F. Men of the Old Stone Age. New York, 1915.

[41.] Ranke, J. Der Mensch. Leipsic, 1900.

[42.] Geikie, J. Antiquity of Man in Europe. Edinburgh, 1914.

[43.] —— The Great Ice Age. 3d ed. London, 1894.

[44.] Reinhardt, L. Der Mensch zur Eiszeit in Europa. Munich, 1906.

[45.] Geikie, J. “Tundras and Steppes of Prehistoric Europe,” Smithson. Report, 1897-98, 321.

[46.] Nehring, A. Tundren u. Steppen der Jetzt-und Vor-zeit. Berlin, 1890.

[47.] Schöetensack, O. Der Unterkiefer des “Homo Heidelbergensis.” Leipsic, 1908.

[48.] MacCurdy, G. G. “The Eolith Problem,” Amer. Anth., N. S., VII, 1905, 425.

[49.] Sollas, W. J. Ancient Hunters. 2d ed. London, 1915.

[60.] Hoops, J. Waldbäume und Kulturpflanzen, im german. Alterthum. Strassburg, 1905.

Danish Shell-heaps. See D, 465-476; G, I, 4; L, 226.

[61.] Steenstrup, J. Arch. f. Anth., XIX, 1891, 361.

[62.] Sarauw, F. C. “Maglemose,” Prähist. Zeits., III, 1911, 52; VI, 1914, 1.

[63.] Virchow, R. “Rinnekalns,” Korresp.-blatt. der deutschen Ges. f. Anthrop., XXVIII, 1897, 147.

[64.] Ebert, M. “Die baltischen Provinzen,” Prähist. Zeits., V, 1913, 498; Mugem, C, 232.

[65.] Cartailhac, E. Ages préhistoriques de l’Espagne et du Portugal, p. 48.

[66.] Munro, R. Palæolithic Man and Terramara Settlements in Europe. New York, 1912.

[67.] Morlot, A. Société Vandoise des Sci. Nat., VI, No. 46. “Etudes géologico-archéologiques.” (Shell-heaps and Lake-dwellings.) Lausanne, 1860.

CHAPTER III—LAND HABITATIONS

CAVE-DWELLINGS

B, 31; C, 258; E, 120, 139.

[75.] Dawkins, W. B. Cave Hunting. London, 1874.

[76.] Fraipont, J. Les Cavernes et leurs Habitants. Paris, 1896.

HUTS AND VILLAGES

B, 51, 65, 84.

[80.] Montelius, O. “Zur ältesten Geschichte des Wohnhauses in Europa,” Arch. f. Anth., XXIII, 1895, 451. Cf. H, 25, 68; J, 15.

[81.] Schliz, A. “Der Bau vorgeschichtlicher Wohnanlagen,” Mitt. d. Anth. Ges. Wien, 1903, 301.

[82.] Castelfranco, P. “Les Fonds des Cabanes,” Rev. d’Anth., XVI, 1887, 182. Cf. A, 347, 350; E, 139.

[83.] Schliz, A. Das steinzeitliche Dorf Grosgartach. Stuttgart, 1901. Rev. Virchow, R., Arch. f. Anth., XXVII, 1892, 435. Rev. Reinach, S., L’Anth., XII, 1901, 704.

[84.] Possler, W. “Die Abarten des Altsächsischen Bauernhauses,” Arch. f. Anth., XXXVI, 1909, 157.

[85.] Mielke, R. “Entwickelungsgeschichte der sächsischen Hausform,” Zts. f. Eth., XXXV, 1903, 509.

CHAPTER IV—LAKE-DWELLINGS

[90.] Munro, R. Lake Dwellings of Europe. London, 1890. Full Bibliography until 1890. See also L, 180; A, 363; E, 158; B, 98; C, 234; D, 515.

[91.] Keller, F. Lake Dwellings of Switzerland. 2d ed. London, 1878.

[92.] Troyon, F. Habitations lacustres du Lac de Neuchâtel. Paris, 1865.

[93.] Gross, V. Les Protohelvéites. Paris, 1883.

[94.] Schuhmacher. Arch. f. Anth., N. F., VII, 1903, 254.

[95.] Heierlei, J. Urgeschichte der Schweiz. Zurich, 1901.

[96.] Schenk, A. La Suisse Préhistorique. Lausanne, 1912.

[97.] Bölsche, W. Mensch der Pfahlbauzeit. 8th ed. Stuttgart, 1911.

[98.] Heer, O. Die Pflanzen der Pfahlbauten, 1886. See 91, I, 518. Cf. 60.

CHAPTER V—A GLANCE EASTWARD

[110.] Pumpelly, R. Explorations in Turkestan, Carnegie Inst. Pub., Washington, No. 73, 1904, 2 vols., vol. I, p. 50, chaps. I, III, V.

[111.] Rev. by Schmidt, H. Prähist. Zeits., I, 1909-10, 413.

[112.] Capitan, L. “L’Histoire d’Élam,” Rev. d’éc. d’Anth., XII, 1902, 187.

[113.] Düssaud, R. “Anciennes Civilisations orientales,” Rev. d’éc. d’Anth., XVII, 1907, 97.

[114.] Schrader, Fr. “Questions d’Orient,” Rev. d’éc. d’Anth., XVIII, 1908, 267; XX, 1910, 73.

[115.] Delitzsch, F. Rep. Smithson. Inst., 1900, 535.

[116.] Morgan, J. de. Premières Civilisations. Paris, 1909.

[117.] Mémoires de la Delegation en Perse, I, 1900, 181-190 (Susa).

[118.] Mémoires de la Delegation en Perse I (Tepeh Moussian), VIII, 1906. Cf. B, II, 168.

[119.] Morgan, J. de. “Les Ages de la Pierre dans l’Asie mineure,” Bull. Soc. d’Anth. Paris, Ser. V, III, 1902, 708.

[121.] King, L. W. History of Babylonia and Assyria, Part I. New York, 1910.

[122.] Sayce, A. H. Archæology of Cuneiform Inscriptions. London, 1907, 67-100.

[123.] Hall, H. R. “Discoveries in Crete, and Their Relations to Palestine and Egypt,” Proc. Soc. Bib. Arch., XXXI, 1909, 311.

[124.] Myres, J. L. Dawn of History. New York, 1911, 121, 202.

[125.] Breasted, J. H. Ancient Times. New York, 1914, 100.

ORIGIN OF AGRICULTURE AND CATTLE-RAISING

See B, I, 535-591; M, chaps. XII, XIII.

[135.] Reinhardt, L. Die Erde und die Kultur. Munich, 1912(?).

a. Vol. I, Die Erde und ihr Wirthschaftsleben.
b. Vol. II, Kulturgeschichte des Menschen.
c. Vol. III, Kulturgeschichte der Nutzthiere.
d. Vol. IV, Kulturgeschichte der Pflanzen.

[136.] La Grande Encycl., Art. “Agriculture.”

[137.] Hehn, V. Kulturpflanzen und Hausthiere. Berlin, 1911.

[138.] Mason, O. T. Woman’s Share in Primitive Culture. New York, 1907, 146, chap. II.

[139.] Buschan, G. “Heimat und Alter der europäischen Kulturpflanzen,” Korr.-bl. d. d. Ges., XVIII, 1889, 128.

[140.] Roth. “Origin of Agriculture,” Journ. Anth. Inst., XVI, 102.

[141.] Zaborowski, M. S. “Le Blé en Asie et en Europe,” Rev. d’éc. d’Anth., XVI, 1906, 359.

[142.] Much, M. “Vorgeschichtliche Nähr-und Nutz-Pflanzen in Europa,” Mitt. Anth. Ges. Wien, XXXVIII, 1908, 195 ff. Favors European origins.

CHAPTER VI—MEGALITHS

See A, I, chap. III; B, II, 440; D, 500; G, chap. V; J, 43; L, chap. V.

[150.] Peet, T. E. Rude Stone Monuments and Their Builders. New York, 1912.

[151.] Windle, B. C. A. Remains of Prehistoric Age in England. London, 1904.

[152.] Krause, E., und Schötensack, O. “Die megalithischen Gräber Deutschlands,” Zts. f. Eth., XXV, 1893, 105.

[153.] Lienau, M. M. “Megalithgräber u. sonstige Grabformen der Lüneburger Gegend,” Mannusbib., XIII, 1914.

[154.] Montelius, O. Orient und Europa. Stockholm, 1899.

[155.] Wilke, G. “Sudwesteurop. Megalithkultur,” Mannusbib. VII.

[156.] Hermet (Abbé), “Statues-Menhirs,” L’Anth., XII, 1901, 595.

[157.] Cartailhac, E. La France Préhistorique. Paris, 1889.

DISPOSAL OF DEAD

[164.] Helm, K. Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte. Heidelberg, 1913, 132, Bib.

[165.] Schliz, A. “Steinzeitliche Bestattungsformen in Südwestdeutschland,” Korr.-bl. d. d. Ges., XXXII, 1901, 60.

[166.] Andrée, R. “Hockerbestattung und Ethnologie,” A. f. A., XXXIV, 1907, 282, 303.

[167.] Schötensack, O. “Bedeutung der Hockerbestattung,” Zts. f. Eth., XXXII, 1901, 522.

[168.] Götze, A. “Ueber Hockergräber,” Korr.-bl. d. d. Ges., 1899, 321.

[169.] Olshausen, O. “Leichenverbrennung,” Zts. f. Eth., 1892, 129.

[170.] Seger, H. “Entstehung der Leichenverbrennung,” Korr.-bl. d. d. Ges., XLI, 1910, 115.

CHAPTER VII—NEOLITHIC INDUSTRIES

[179.] Veblen, T. The Instinct of Workmanship. New York, 1914.

Clothing. G, I, 268; J, 19; 90, F.
Ornaments. B, II, 328; A, II, 570.
Implements. A, 513; B, II, 168; D, 472, 478; E, 178; F, Art. “Axt”; G, 22; 46, 133; J, 24.
Salt. B, II, 23, 89; F, Art. “Salz”; N, 114.
Gold. A, 627; B, II, 207; C, 320.
Copper. A, II; B, II, 546; D, 494, 499, 545; E, 278.

[180.] Much, M. Die Kupferzeit in Europa. 2 Auf. Jena, 1893.

[181.] Hampel, J. “Neue Studien über die Kupferzeit,” Zts. f. Eth., XXVIII, 1896, 57.

[182.] Montelius, O. “Die Chronologie der ältesten Bronzezeit,” Arch. f. Anth., XXV, 443; XXVI.

Ships, rock-carvings of. J, 126; C, 389; G, 466; E, 347.
Nephrite and Jadeite. A, I, 519, 573; B, II, 504; D, 510; 95, 116; 96, Index.

[185.] Mehlis, C. “Exotische Steinbeile der neol. Zeit,” Arch. f. Anth., XXVII, 1902, 519.

[186.] Peet, T. E. Stone and Bronze Ages of Italy. Oxford, 1909.

Amber. A, 623; B, I, 513; II, 345, 353; D, 556; G, I, 52.
Trade. B, II, 466-529; A, I, 619; 228; 154.
Pottery. A, 547; D, 481; 116, 195-207; F, Art. “Gefässe,” 95, 184.

[190.] Hoernes, M. “Die neol. Keramik in Oestreich,” Zts. f. Eth., 1903, 438.

[191.] Smith, R. A. “Development of Neolithic Pottery,” Archæologia, LXII, 340.

[192.] Meyer, E. Geschichte des Alterthums, II, 824. 2d ed. Stuttgart, 1909.

[193.] Schuchhardt, C. “Das technische Element in den Anfängen der Kunst,” Prähist. Zeits., I, 37.

[194.] Verworn, M. Kulturkreis der Bandkeramik. II, 145.

[195.] Reche, O. “Zur Anthropologie der jüngeren Steinzeit in Böhmen,” Arch. f. Anth., XXXV, 1908, 220.

[196.] Seger, H. “Steinzeit in Schlesien,” Arch. f. Anth., N. F. V., 1906.

[197.] Götze, A. “Neolithische Kugelamphoren,” Zts. f. Eth., XXXII, 154, 1900.

[198.] ——“Eintheilung der neol. Periode in Mitteleuropa,” Korr.-bl. d. d. Ges., XXXI, 1900, 133.

[199.] Schuchhardt, C. “Neol. Häuser bei Lissdorf,” Zts. f. Eth., XLIII, 1911, 998.

[200.] Wosinsky, M. Die inkrustierte Keramik. Berlin, 1904.

[201.] Closmadeuc, G. de. “La Céramique dans les Dolmens de Morbihan,” Rev. Arch., I, 257.

[202.] Schmidt, H. “Vorgeschichte Spaniens,” Zts. f. Eth., XLV, 238, 1913.

[203.] Volkow, Th. “L’Industrie prémycénienne des Stations néolithiques de l’Ukraine,” L’Anth., XIII, 1902, 57.

[204.] Zaborowski, M. S. “Industrie Égéenne sur le Dnieper et le Dniester,” Bull. Soc. Anth., Paris, 1900, 481.

CHAPTER VIII—NEOLITHIC CHRONOLOGY

[214.] Menzel, H. “Geologische Entwickelungsgeschichte der älteren Postglacialzeit,” Zts. f. Eth., XLVI, 1914, 206-240.

[215.] Montelius, O. “Chronologie der jüngeren Steinzeit in Skandinavien,” Korr.-bl. d. d. Ges., XXII, 1891, 99-105.

[216.] ——“Chronologie der ältesten Bronzezeit,” Arch. f. Anth., XXVI, 1899, 905.

[217.] ——“Preclassical Chronology of Greece and Italy,” Journ. Anth. Inst., 1897.

[218.] ——“Chronologie préhistorique,” Cong. Int. d’Anth. et d’Arch., XII, 339. Cf. Müller, S. Ibid., X. Paris, 228.

[219.] Scheitelig, H. “Vorgeschichte Norwegens,” Mannus., III, 1911, 29.

[220.] Kossina, G. “Urfinnen und Urgermanen,” Mannus., I, 17.

[221.] Worsaae, J. J. A. “Arctic Cultures,” Cong. Int. d’Anth. et d’Arch. Stockholm, VII, 1874, 208. Also, J, 63; M, 317 and Bib., 323.

[222.] Types of Axe, G, I, 48; B, II, 184; A, I, 334; F, Art “Aexte.” Cf. also “Zeitalter.”

[223.] Montelius, O. “Les differents Types des Haches,” Cong. Int. d’Anth. et d’Arch. Stockholm, VII, I, 238.

[226.] Schmidt, R. R. “Die Grundlagen für die Diluviale Chronologie u. Paläethnologie Westeuropas,” Zts. f. Eth., XLIII, 1911, 945. Cf. Korr.-bl. d. d. Ges., XLI, 1910.

[227.] Holst. “Commencement et Fin de la Période Glacieuse,” L’Anth., XXIV, 1913, 353.

[228.] Wilke, G. “Kulturbeziehungen zwischen Indien, Orient und Europa,” Mannusbibliothek, X, 1913.

[229.] Schmidt, H. “Troja, Mykene, Ungarn,” Zts. f. Eth., XXXVI, 1904, 608, 645.

[230.] Anthes, E. “Alte und neue steinzeitliche Funde aus Hessen,” Prähist. Zeits., II, 1910, 60.

CHAPTER IX—NEOLITHIC PEOPLES AND THEIR MIGRATIONS

ATLASES

[240.] Bartholemew, J. G. Advanced Atlas of Physical and Political Geography. London, 1917.

[241.] —— International Student’s Atlas. London,——?

[242.] See 40, 489; 457 and 278, 261, 300, 500; B, I, 241, 268-360; Bib. E, 256; J, 57; M, chaps. X-XIV, 211; Bib. 49, 435.

[243.] Breuil, L’Abbé, H. “Les Subdivisions du Paléolithique supérieur et leur Signification,” Cong. Int. d’Anth. et d’Arch. Session XIV, Genève, 1912, 165.

[244.] Sergi, G. The Mediterranean Race, London, 1901, chaps. II, X, 40.

[245.] Myres, J. L. Essay II, 51-54, in Marvin, F. S. The Unity of Western Civilization.

[246.] Ripley, W. L. The Races of Europe. New York, 1899.

[247.] Deniker, J. “Les Races Européennes,” Journ. Anth. Inst., XXIV.

[248.] ——“Les six Races composant la Population de l’Europe,” ibid.

[250.] Schliz, A. “Vorgeschichtliche Schädeltypen deutschen Länder,” Arch. f. Anth., XXXVI (N. F. IX), 1910, 239. Cf. B, II, 101.

[251.] ——“Beiträge zur prähistorischen Ethnologie,” Prähist. Zeits., IV, 1912, 36.

[252.] ——“Bedeutung der somatischen Anthropologie,” Korr.-bl. d. d. Ges., XL, 1909, 66.

[253.] ——“Vorstufen der Nordisch-europäischen Schädelbildung,” Arch. f. Anth., XLI, 1914, 169.

[254.] ——“Der schnurkeramische Kulturkreis,” Zts. f. Eth., XXXVIII, 1906, 312.

[260.] Reche, O. “Zur Anthropologie der jüngeren Steinzeit in Schlesien und Böhmen,” Arch. f. Anth., 1908.

[261.] See 351.

[262.] Klassen, K. Die Völker, Europas zur jüngeren Steinzeit. Stuttgart, 1912, Bib.

[263.] Fleure, H. J. Human Geography in Western Europe. London, 1918.

[264.] Montelius, O. “Die Einwanderung unserer Vorfahrer im Norden,” Arch. f. Anth., XVII, 151.

[265.] ——“Sur les Tombeaux et la Topographie de la Suède pendant l’âge de pierre,” Cong. Int. d’Anth. et d’Arch., Session VII, Stockholm, I, 74.

[266.] Virchow, R. “Altnordische Schädel zu Kopenhagen,” Arch. f. Anth., 1870.

——“Die ältesten Einwohner von Nordeuropa,” Arch. f. Anth., XXV, 1898, 88.

[267.] Arbo, C. O. E. “Anthropo-ethnologie des Südwestnorwegens,” Arch. f. Anth., XXXI, 1905, 313.

[268.] Hervé, G. “L’Ethnographie des populations françaises,” R. E. A., VI, 1896, 97.

[269.] ——“Les brachycephales néolithiques,” Rev. Ec. An., IV, 1894, 393; V, 1895, 18.

[270.] Hamy, E. T. “L’Anthropologie de Nord-France,” L’Anth., XIX, 1908, 46.

[271.] Bloch, A. “Origines des brachycephales en France,” L’Anth., XII, 1901, 541.

[272.] Luschan, F. von. “Beziehung zwischen der Alpinen Bevölkerung und den Vorderasiaten,” Korr.-bl. d. d. Ges., XLIV, 1915, 118.

272a. A, 482; B, 298-303; 246.

[273.] Studer, T. H., und Bannwarth, E. Crania Helvetica antiqua. Leipsic, 1894. Reviewed R. E. A., IV, 1894, 410.

[274.] Hervé, G. “Les populations lacustres,” R. E. A., V, 1895, 137.

FOR EFFECTS OF GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT

[275.] Ratzel. Anthropogeographie. 3te Auf. Stuttgart, 1909.

[276.] Semple, E. Influences of Geographical Environment. New York.

[277.] Demolins, E. Les Français d’Aujourd’hui. Paris, 1898.

[278.] —— Les grandes Routes des Peuples. Paris, 1901.

CHAPTER X—NEOLITHIC RELIGION

[290.] Huxley, T. H. Science and Education, Essays. New York, 1897, p. 85.

[291.] —— Method and Results, Essays. New York, 1901. Essay I, p. 18.

[292.] Goethe, J. W. Gedichte, Das Göttliche.

[293.] Harrison, J. E. Ancient Art and Ritual. New York, 1913.

[294.] Smith, W. R. Religion of the Semites. Edinburgh, 1889. Origin of Religion. See O, 75.

[295.] Durkeim, E. Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. Trans. J. W. Swain, London, Bib.

[296.] Tylor, E. B. Primitive Culture. 4th ed. New York, 1903.

[297.] —— Anthropology. New York, 1916.

[298.] Frazer, J. G. The Golden Bough. 3d ed. London, 1914, Bib.

[299.] Müller, F. M. Origin and Growth of Religion. New York, 1879.

[300.] Bagehot, W. Physics and Politics. New York and London.

[301.] Montgomery, J. E. (Editor). Religions of the Past and Present. Philadelphia, 1918. Bib.

[302.] Lang, A. Myth, Ritual and Religion. London, 1901.

[307.] Murray, G. Four Stages of Greek Religion. New York, 1912.

[308.] Harrison, J. E. Themis. Cambridge, 1912.

[309.] —— Prolegomena to Greek Religion. Cambridge, 1903.

CULT OF GODDESS AND MOTHER-RIGHT

O, Index “Maternal descent”; B, II, 584.

[315.] Farnell, L. R. Greece and Babylon. Edinburgh, 1911, chap. V.

[316.] Dietrich, R. Muttererde. Berlin, 1905.

[317.] Frazer, J. G. Adonis, Attis, Osiris, Studies in History of Oriental Religion. London, 1906. See Index, “Mother-right.”

[318.] Hartley, C. G. (Mrs. W. M. Gallichan). The Position of Woman in Primitive Society. London, 1914.

[319.] Bennett, F. M. “Religious Cults Associated with Amazons,” Col. Univ. Press. New York, 1912.

[320.] Reinach, S. “La Station néolithique,” Le Jablanica l’Anth., 1901, 333.

[321.] Smith, W. R. Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia. Cambridge, 1885.

[322.] Mannhard, W. Wald-und Feld-kulte. 2d ed. Berlin, 1905.

[323.] Helms, K. Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte. Heidelberg, 1913, I. Cf. 179, 93.

[325.] Ellis, H. Man and Woman. London, 1894. Cf. 4th ed., 1917.

CHAPTER XI—PROGRESS

[335.] Marvin, F. S., Editor. Unity of Western Civilization. London, 1915.

[336.] —— Progress and History. London, 1916.

[337.] —— The Living Past. 2d ed. Oxford, 1915.

[338.] Murray, G. Religio Grammatici. Boston, 1918.

CHAPTER XII—THE COMING OF THE INDO-EUROPEANS

[340.] Müller, F. Max. Biographies of Words and Home of Aryans. London, 1888.

[341.] Meillet, A. Les Langues dans l’Europe nouvelle. Paris, 1918.

[342.] —— Les Dialectes Indo-européens. Paris, 1908.

[343.] —— Introduction à l’Étude comparative des Langues Indo-européennes. 4th ed. Paris, 1915.

[346.] Meyer, E. Geschichte des Alterthums. 2d ed. Stuttgart, 1909. Vol. I, Pt. 2, p. 722.

[347.] Schrader, O. Reallexikon der indogermanischen Alter-thumskunde. Strassburg, 1902.

[348.] —— Sprachvergleichung und Urgeschichte. 3d ed. Jena, 1906.

[349.] —— Die Indogermanen. Leipsic, 1911, 165 pp.

—— (Trans. Jevons, F. B.) Prehistoric Antiquities of the Aryan Peoples. London, 1890.

[350.] Feist, S. Kultur. Ausbreitung und Herkunft der Indogermanen. Berlin, 1913.

[351.] —— Europa im Lichte der Vorgeschichte. Berlin, 1910.

[352.] Hirt, H. Die Indogermanen. 2 vols. Strassburg, 1905-07.

[353.] Kossina, G. “Die indogermanische Frage archäologisch beantwortet,” Zts. f. Eth., XXXIV (1902), 161, N. B. Cf. 220.

[354.] Much, M. Heimat der Indogermanen. 2d ed. Berlin, 1904.

[355.] Reinach, S. Origine des Aryens. Paris, 1892.

[356.] Wilser, L. Die Germanen. Leipsic, 1903.

[357.] —— Herkunft und Urgeschichte der Arier. Heidelberg, 1899.

[358.] Zaborowski, Moindron S. “La Patrie originaire des Aryens,” R. E. A. Paris, XIII (1903), 253.

[359.] —— Les Peuples aryens d’Asie et d’Europe. Paris, 1908.

[360.] Brunnhofer, G. H. Arische Urzeit. Bern, 1909.

[361.] Laponge, G. V. de. L’Aryen, Son Rôle social. Paris, 1899.

[362.] Hehn, V. Kulturpflanzen und Hausthiere. 5th ed. Berlin, 1887.

[363.] Holmes, T. R. Ancient Britain. Oxford, 1907. Chap. III and pp. 424-455.

[364.] Veblen, T. Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution. New York, 1915.

[365.] Huntington, E. The Pulse of Asia. Boston, 1911.

[366.] —— Palestine and Its Transformations. Boston, 1907.

[367.] —— World Power and Evolution. New Haven, 1919.

[375.] Murray, G. Euripides and His Age. New York, 1913.

[376.] Chesterton, G. K. Charles Dickens. London, 1917.

[377.] Lang, A. Custom and Myth. New York, 1885.

[378.] Gummere, F. B. The Beginnings of Poetry. New York, 1901.

INDEX

Achæans, [253], [281].
Adaptation, extreme, [228].
Agriculture, origin of, [101], [108];
- and religion, [218].
Amber, [148].
Anau, [93], [100], [125].
Ancylus Epoch, [37], [164], [169].
Apes, [4], [12].
Arboreal life, [7], [13].
Aryans, [246].
Asia, [10], [91].
Axe, [43], [136], [173].
Azilian-Tardenoisian, [39], [48], [193].
Babylonia, [92].
Balder, myth of, [222].
Balkans, [61], [100], [267].
Baltic culture, [131], [144], [203], [232], [271].
Baltic Sea, changes of, [36], [41], [161].
Barley, [80], [94].
Boats, [145].
Brachycephals, [44], [51], [181], [195], [262];
- in lake-dwellings, [87].
Bread, [82].
Bronze, [141];
- age of, [166].
Burial of dead, [31], [123].
Campigny, [50].
Cattle, domestic, [76], [91], [110].
Cave frescoes, [31];
- remains, [53].
Celts, [128], [263].
Chronology, [37], [94], [101], [160], [166], [192], [253].
Climatic changes, [4], [26], [32], [102].
Copper, [140]; age of, [166].
Crescents of clay, [84].
Crete, [144], [186].
Cro-Magnon race, [29], [181], [231].
Dæmons, [213], [276].
Danube, [200].
Dead, disposal of, [31], [123], [127].
Dog, [42], [75].
Dolichocephals, [44], [87], [198].
Dolmens, [114].
Domestic animals, [91], [110], [112].
Dormant periods and nations, [243].
Dress, [132].
Education, Neolithic [237], [275].
Family, Aryan, [251].
Flax, [83].
Flint, [86], [134], [138].
Folk-lore and fairy-tales, [277].
Forests, [32], [64];
- succession of, in Denmark, [38].
Fortifications, [62], [236], [263].
Glacial period, [24].
Goddess, cult of, [220].
Gold, [139].
Greek mysteries, [212].
Grosgartach, [59], [157], [234].
Hamites, [19], [22], [182].
Heidelberg man, [28].
Hoe-culture, [104].
Horse, [74].
Houses and huts, [55], [72].
Incineration, [127].
Indo-Europeans, [247];
- homeland, [259];
- language, [246];
- religion, [251], [268].
Industries, [131].
Iranian plateau, [12].
Lake-dwellings, [69], [202].
Littorina Epoch, [37], [165].
Loess, [27], [65].
Magelmose, [45], [172].
Mattock, [137].
Mediterranean race, [182], [187], [194];
- culture, [231].
Megaliths, [114].
Menhirs, [122].
Microliths, [49].
Migrations, Indo-European, [253];
- routes, [18], [20], [52], [183].
Millet, [80].
Mother-right, [223].
Mugem, [44].
Neanderthal race, [29].
Neolithic culture, persistence of, [272], [280].
Nephrite and Jadeite, [146].
Oaks in Denmark, [37], [171].
Oats, [81].
Paleolithic Age, Lower, [29];
- Upper, [32].
Peace, [85], [235].
Pelasgi, [257].
Piedmont zones, [105].
Pig, [77].
Piltdown skull, [29].
Pines in Denmark, [37], [171].
Pioneer life, [191], [204], [237].
Pithecanthropus, [15].
Plough, [108].
Pottery, [43], [88], [100], [153], [201].
Primates, [6], [20].
Progress, [228].
Races, human, [19];
- Paleolithic [180];
- Neolithic [193].
Religion, Paleolithic, [208];
- Neolithic, [206], [276];
- of lake-dwellings, [84];
- of Indo-Europeans, [268], [276].
Rinnekalns, [47].
Ritual, [210].
River-valleys as trade-routes, [143], [190].
Roman law, [258].
Sahara, once well-watered, [22].
Salt, [139].
“Schuhleistenbeil” (mattock), [137].
Semites, [19], [22], [106].
Sheep, [78], [91].
Shell-heaps, [40], [172], [197].
Siwalik strata, [14].
Social development, [85].
Steppe, [27], [32], [65], [189].
Stutzheim, [57], [59].
Susa, [99].
Taboo, [211].
Tertiary period, [9].
Trade, [144];
- routes, [152].
Tribal education, [275].
Tridachna shells in Europe, [147].
Tumuli, [116].
Tundra, [26], [36].
Weaving, [83].
Wheat, [80], [94].
Women, position in Neolithic time, [224], [249].
Yoldia Epoch, [37], [162].

FOOTNOTES:

[1] [16], [17].

[2] [1]: 477; 671, chap. XXIX.

[3] [18].

[4] [19].

[5] [5].

[6] [6].

[7] [8]: 20

[8] [5]: 58-60

[9] [M]: chap. V.

[10] [1]: 671.

[11] [5]: 321, 327, 275.

[12] [7], [10].

[13] [24]-26.

[14] [5]: 373.

[15] [40]: 35.

[16] [30]: 228.

[17] [40]: chap, II. [D]: I, 17-110.

[18] For maps showing extent of ice at different glacial epochs, see [41]: vol. II, p. 419. [42]: end of volume.

[19] See Charts, [40]: 41-48. [5]. Also [40]: 45, 46; 412-427; 386.

[20] [40]: 95. [47].

[21] [D]: I, 380-412. [48].

[22] [40]: 130, 244.

[23] [D]: I, 113.

[24] [40]: 290, 316.

[25] [E]: 110-117.

[26] [40]: 475-500.

[27] [D]: 466, 476; [40]: 281.

[28] [D]: 466, 476; [40]:281.

[29] [C]: 225; 60.

[30] [42]: 270.

[31] [L]: 235.

[32] [A]: 329.

[33] [63].

[34] [40]: 459; [A]: I, 314; [D]: 213.

[35] [40]: 465.

[36] [A]: I, 326.

[37] [C]: 258.

[38] [76].

[39] [40]: 283.

[40] [B]: 53.

[41] [E]: 139.

[42] [G]: 198; [J]: 15.

[43] [83].

[44] [B]. See Bibliography.

[45] [I]: 368.

[46] [H]: 68.

[47] [A]: I, 351.

[48] [42]: 122; 60; [110]: I, 6-13.

[49] [97]: 11, 19.

[50] [95]: 102.

[51] [91]: 475.

[52] [L]: 190.

[53] [B]: 251.

[54] [91]: 8.

[55] [96]: 366.

[56] [L]: 199; [96]: 265; [D]: 452; [97]: 45-60.

[57] [97]: 47; [96]: 289.

[58] 135; [C]: 65 and 116.

[59] 97.

[60] Quoted in [135]: chap. III, 116.

[61] [91]: 519; 141.

[62] [91]: 521.

[63] [96]: 295.

[64] [95]: 175.

[65] [L]: 222; [91]: 175-178, 338.

[66] [91]: 47.

[67] [95]: 135; [96]: 189, 219, 191.

[68] For a study of examples grouped according to epoch, see [96]: p. 220-264.

[69] [91]: II, 432.

[70] [D]: 527, 549.

[71] [115]: 535.

[72] [110].

[73] [110]: Plate 5, opposite pp. 50, 67.

[74] [111]. Cf. [110]: I, 48.

[75] [D]: I, 545.

[76] [B]: II, 242; [D]: 527.

[77] [116]-120.

[78] [B]: II, 168.

[79] [124]: 121; 123; [D]: 526.

[80] [116]: 195 ff., [197] Bib.

[81] [40]: 281.

[82] [139]: chap. II, 146.

[83] [M]: 217.

[84] [125]: 100, map.

[85] [O]: 291.

[86] [L]: chap. V.

[87] [A]: I, 386.

[88] [G]: cf. [J]: 43.

[89] [A]: 421.

[90] [D]: 503.

[91] [110]: I, 40.

[92] [B]: II, 102.

[93] [A]: I, 423.

[94] [B]: 310.

[95] [G]: I, 268; [J]: 90.

[96] [B]: I, 398.

[97] [H]: 20.

[98] [F]: Article “Axt.”

[99] [G]: 30; [E]: 129.

[100] [E]: Plate 60; [A]: 506; [96]: 330.

[101] [B]: 177.

[102] Figs. 107a, 108.

[103] [A]: 355, 629.

[104] [M]: 347.

[105] [A]: 627; [B]: 207.

[106] [110]: 50 (chart).

[107] [124]: 105.

[108] [B]: II, 468; [D]: 511.

[109] [G]: 60.

[110] [G]: 16, 24.

[111] [B]: II, 483.

[112] [G]: 127.

[113] [H]: 27.

[114] [186]: 168.

[115] [B]: I, 513.

[116] [H]: 49.

[117] [A]: 547; [D]: 482.

[118] [40]: 279.

[119] [40]: 281.

[120] [D]: 465; [49]: 540.

[121] [60].

[122] 215-218.

[123] [B]: II, 242.

[124] [E]: 563.

[125] [D]: I, 335.

[126] [40]: 281.

[127] [49]: 565.

[128] [214].

[129] [C]: 225.

[130] [219]-221.

[131] [222], [223].

[132] [J]: 65.

[133] See [D]: 545.

[134] [40]: 281, 333, 361; [D]: 476, [41].

[135] [40]: 350, 361.

[136] [110]: I, 50.

[137] [40]: 281, 449.

[138] See [214]. Chart 219., cf. 210.

[139] [240], [241].

[140] [242].

[141] [243].

[142] [244]: 39-43.

[143] [245].

[144] [40]: 465.

[145] [268]-272 a.

[147] [B]: I, 302.

[151] [B]: I, 334-337, [307].

[152] [246].

[153] [250]: 202, 206.

[154] [250]: 205.

[155] [290]: 85.

[161] 315-319.

[162] [A]: 594-603, 362.

[163] [B]: II, 563.

[164] [320].

[165] [316].

[166] [322].

[167] [318], [321].

[168] [B]: II, 585.

[169] [O]: 173.

[170] [308]: 36.

[171] 330?.

[172] [H]: 20.

[173] [179]: 122 n.

[174] [260].

[175] [O]: 111, 33.

[176] [A]: 368.

[177] [308].

[178] I have selected for examination Professor Kossina’s article, and that not his latest, because it seems to furnish the strongest and clearest brief statement of the theory of the Germanic origin of the Indo-Europeans. Hirt’s work and his references should also be consulted. It is to be regretted that the judgment and work of some of the North German prehistorians on this question are tinged by national prejudice. We must make allowance for their omissions and remember that we have our own pet prejudices.

The dogma of the superiority of the dolichocephalic blond has been made a cult by Mr. J. H. Chamberlin and other far less brilliant writers. It has received little support in Scandinavia. The works of this school should not be taken too seriously.

[179] [375]: 14.

[180] [O].

[181] [293].

[182] [376]: 67; [377]: 177; cf. 378.