Americans by Choice

by John Palmer Gavit

FUNCTION OF THE NATURALIZATION BUREAU

The Naturalization Bureau should be, as it is now, the watchdog of all this business, the investigating agency of the government. But its work should not be confined, as it is now to so great an extent, to picking flaws in papers, straining shrewd technical points of law and procedure, or trying to find something wrong with the two witnesses or the intellectual attainments of the petitioner. Being informed at least two years in advance that George Kristopoulos, whose address is registered with the court and in its own files, has declared his intention to apply for citizenship, it can ascertain affirmatively at all times what he is about, and present to the court at the time of the final application a complete record of his conduct, upon which the court can act intelligently. Its functions in this direction should be materially expanded.

The naturalization examiner should represent the court, in the relation of a master, taking the necessary testimony, examining depositions, and presenting to the court at last a record complete in writing, upon which, in the great majority of cases, the judicial order would be entered without further ado. This would seem to be indeed its logical function. The Bureau needs a real job; in fact, has a real job instead of its present largely self-assumed adventures in the field of public education, for which it is not properly equipped, which has bedeviled its legitimate work and demoralized its correspondence and its whole system of records, upon which the proper administration of the law so greatly depends.

Except as the carrying out of the existing procedure has unjustly or unreasonably affected the individual petitioner for citizenship, it has not been conceived as the purpose of this study to investigate the Naturalization Bureau as an exhibit of public administration. Neither the available time nor the space in this volume has permitted such a study as would have been adequate in scope or just to the Bureau. Generally speaking, the thing which has been impressed upon those who have carried on this branch of the Americanization Study has been the zeal and honesty and vigilance for the public welfare with which the Bureau has done its work ever since its establishment in its present functions by the Act of 1906.

No serious charge or insinuation of corruption or willful misconduct of any kind on the part of any member of that service has come to the attention of the Study, and it may be predicted without reservation that no such charge or insinuation would be sustained by the facts. For fifteen years and more the Bureau has “carried on,” under conditions of great difficulty, generally undermanned and insufficiently appropriated for—although its business has from the beginning not only been self-supporting, but brought into the treasury of the United States money ample to have paid for adequate personnel—except during the war, when the prevailing hysteria about immigrants and the ill-informed rage for all manner of things that might be called “Americanization” led to the hasty and extravagant subsidizing of anything that could be tagged with that word. The Bureau deserves great credit for what it has accomplished. More than that, it is in no captious spirit that any demurrer has been entered here to what it has gone out of its way to attempt.

The time is ripe now to review and construct to better purpose on the basis of this long and informing experience, for an overhauling of the whole process by which aliens are taken into our political system. The Naturalization Law of 1906 and the amendments thereto should be revised as a whole, and what has been learned should be built into a new Act, retaining the substance which experience has abundantly justified, and sloughing off the excrescences which have grown up and accumulated. This should be done on the basis of a thorough investigation under the authority of Congress, and in a wholly constructive spirit.

Such an investigation would disclose the utter insufficiency of the force now available at headquarters and in the field; the lack of precision in the scope and technic of the Bureau; the chaos existing in its records; the need of intelligent and consistent direction of the field force by a supervising chief examiner or similar officer; the waste of effort and money in directions having nothing substantial or logical to do with the main work of the Bureau; the need of one or more competent law officers to unify the policy of the service in its practice under the decisions of the courts; the crying need of a simplification of the standards and procedure of admission and of the practices of the clerks of courts in handling the papers and records upon whose sufficiency and accuracy hang the welfare of thousands of well-intending human beings who desire to join us and are needed in our citizenry. The whole subject has gone too long without due understanding by the public and its representatives in Congress.

Meanwhile our would-be citizens have been chased from pillar to post and back again, losing in hundreds of thousands of cases their affection and respect for the country to whose fellowship they asked only the privilege of contributing what they might with all good will.

---

[APPENDIX]

TABLE LV

Distribution of Petitions Studied, by Courts

Code Number	Name of Court	Location of Court	Number of Petitions Tabulated
01	New York Co. (N. Y.) Supm. Ct.	New York City	11,058
02	U. S. Dist. Ct. for S. Dist. of N. Y.	New York City	2,401
03	U. S. Dist. Ct. for E. Dist. of N. Y.	Brooklyn, N. Y.	1,553
04	Bronx Co. (N. Y.) Supm. Ct.	New York City	1,355
05	Queens Co. (N. Y.) Supm. Ct.	Jamaica, N. Y.	598
06	Westchester Co. (N. Y.) Supm. Ct.	White Plains, N. Y.	647
07	Nassau Co. (N. Y.) Supm. Ct.	Mineola, L. I., N. Y.	135
08	Passaic Co. (N. J.) Ct. of Com. Pls.	Paterson, N. J.	742
09	Fairfield Co. (Conn.) Supr. Ct.	Bridgeport, Conn.	410
10	Knox Co. (Ill.) Circ. Ct.	Galesburg, Ill.	29
12	Johnson Co. (Iowa) Dist. Ct.	Iowa City, Iowa	13
13	Androscoggin Co. (Me.) Supm. Judicial Ct.	Auburn, Me.	52
14	Tompkins Co. (N. Y.) Supm. Ct.	Ithaca, N. Y.	23
15	Middlesex Co. (N. J.) Ct. of Com. Pls.	New Brunswick, N. J.	389
16	U. S. Dist. Ct. for N. Dist. of Ohio	Cleveland, Ohio	1,175
17	Cuyahoga Co. (Ohio) Ct. of Com. Pls.	Cleveland, Ohio	1,703
18	Multnomah Co. (Ore.) Circ. Ct.	Portland, Ore.	714
19	Monroe Co. (N. Y.) Supm. Ct.	Rochester, N. Y.	813
20	U. S. Dist. Ct. for W. Dist. of Washington	Seattle, Wash.	703
21	King Co. (Wash.) Supm. Ct.	Seattle, Wash.	143
22	Chemung Co. (N. Y.) Supm. Ct.	Elmira, N. Y.	19
23	Summit Co. (Ohio) Ct. of Com. Pls.	Akron, Ohio	199
24	Northampton Co. (Pa.) Ct. of Com. Pls.	Easton, Pa.	115
25	Worcester Co. (Mass.) Supr. Ct.	Worcester, Mass.	635
26	Middlesex Co. (Conn.) Supr. Ct.	Middletown, Conn.	74
27	Rensellaer Co. (N. Y.) Supr. Ct.	Troy, N. Y.	104
28	U. S. Dist. Ct. for S. Dist. of Ohio	Cincinnati, Ohio	363
29	New London Co. (Conn.) Supr. Ct.	Norwich, Conn.	119
	All courts		26,284

TABLE LVI

Sex and Marital Condition of Petitioners

(Part One)
Code Number of Court	Total Petit­ioners	Sex			Marital Condition
		Male	Female	No Infor­mation	Married
					Number	Per Cent
Total	26,284	26,117	154	13	18,017	68.5
01	11,058	10,989	69	...	7,191	65.0
02	2,401	2,377	24	...	1,286	53.6
03	1,553	1,542	10	1	1,097	70.6
04	1,355	1,347	8	...	975	72.0
05	598	596	...	2	499	83.5
06	647	642	5	...	488	75.4
07	135	135	...	...	98	72.6
08	742	741	1	...	579	78.0
09	410	406	3	1	297	72.4
10	29	29	...	...	22	75.9
12	13	13	...	...	7	53.1
13	52	52	...	...	41	78.8
14	23	23	...	...	13	56.5
15	389	388	...	1	310	79.7
16	1,175	1,173	2	...	933	79.4
17	1,703	1,701	2	...	1,386	81.4
18	714	710	4	...	496	69.5
19	813	808	4	1	595	73.2
20	703	688	10	5	384	54.6
21	143	138	5	...	96	67.1
22	19	19	...	...	13	68.4
23	19	199	...	...	156	78.4
24	115	115	...	...	99	86.1
25	635	634	1	...	473	74.5
26	74	74	...	...	53	71.6
27	104	101	1	2	68	55.4
28	363	358	5	...	270	74.3
29	119	119	...	...	92	77.3

(Part Two)
Code Number of Court	Marital Condition					Petitioner’s Wife Born in United States
	Single		Widowed		No Inform­ation
	Number	Per Cent	Number	Per Cent		Number	Per Cent
Total	8,084	30.8	164	0.6	19	1,632	9.1
01	3,824	34.6	43	0.4	...	322	4.4
02	1,093	45.5	22	0.9	...	155	12.0
03	441	28.4	12	0.8	3	43	3.9
04	374	27.6	6	0.4	...	94	9.6
05	96	16.1	3	0.5	...	67	13.4
06	158	24.4	1	0.2	...	60	12.3
07	36	26.7	1	0.7	...	9	9.1
08	162	21.8	1	0.1	...	42	7.3
09	108	26.3	2	0.2	3	17	5.7
10	7	24.1	...	...	...	4	18.2
12	6	46.9	...	...	...	1	14.2
13	10	19.2	...	...	1	14	34.1
14	6	26.1	3	13.0	1	5	38.5
15	76	19.5	...	...	3	33	10.6
16	229	19.5	12	1.0	1	86	9.2
17	312	18.3	5	0.4	...	178	12.8
18	204	28.6	14	2.0	...	141	28.4
19	216	26.6	1	0.1	1	88	14.8
20	300	42.7	14	2.0	5	84	21.9
21	38	26.6	9	6.3	...	29	30.2
22	6	31.6	...	...	...	...	...
23	41	20.6	1	0.5	1	16	8.0
24	16	13.9	...	...	...	23	23.2
25	160	25.2	2	0.3	...	53	11.2
26	21	28.4	...	...	...	2	3.8
27	34	32.7	2	1.9	...	8	11.8
28	85	23.4	8	2.2	...	50	18.5
29	27	22.7	...	...	...	8	8.7

TABLE LVII

Number and Nativity of Petitioners’ Children Under Twenty-one Years of Age

Code Number of Court	Married Petitioners									Total Number of Foreign Born Children Under 21
	Total	Having Children		Having Native-born Children Only		Having Foreign-born Children Only		Having Both Native and Foreign-born Children
		Number	Per Cent	Number	Per Cent	Number	Per Cent	Number	Per Cent
Total	18,017	14,371	79.8	10,563	73.5	1,441	10.0	2,367	16.5	4,843
01	7,191	5,760	80.1	3,960	68.8	683	11.8	1,117	19.4	2,380
02	1,286	943	73.3	754	80.0	100	10.6	89	9.4	158
03	1,097	866	78.9	647	74.7	97	11.3	122	14.1	245
04	975	776	79.6	673	86.7	36	4.7	67	8.6	114
05	499	409	82.0	338	82.6	20	4.9	51	12.5	76
06	488	387	79.3	299	77.3	22	5.6	66	17.1	124
07	98	73	74.5	61	83.6	3	4.1	9	12.3	21
08	579	506	87.4	354	70.0	65	12.8	87	17.2	197
09	297	250	84.2	205	82.0	10	4.0	35	14.0	69
10	22	16	72.7	9	56.3	3	18.8	4	25.0	6
12	7	4	57.1	2	50.0	1	25.0	1	25.0	2
13	41	28	68.3	23	82.1	1	3.6	4	14.3	6
14	13	6	46.1	4	66.7	1	16.6	1	16.7	2
15	310	262	84.5	201	76.7	21	8.0	40	15.3	97
16	933	754	80.8	568	75.3	75	10.0	111	14.7	254
17	1,386	1,191	85.9	878	73.7	101	8.5	212	17.8	412
18	496	363	73.2	301	82.9	19	5.2	43	11.8	104
19	595	469	78.8	311	66.3	59	12.6	99	21.1	203
20	384	291	75.8	230	79.0	20	6.9	41	14.1	68
21	96	60	62.5	45	75.0	7	11.7	8	13.3	21
22	13	7	53.8	2	28.6	3	42.9	2	28.6	3
23	156	120	76.9	70	58.3	18	15.0	32	26.7	46
24	99	81	81.8	58	71.6	7	8.6	16	19.8	28
25	473	385	81.4	312	81.0	26	6.8	47	12.2	85
26	53	39	73.6	33	84.6	....	....	6	15.4	10
27	68	47	69.1	35	74.5	5	10.6	7	14.9	12
28	270	212	78.5	143	67.5	29	13.7	40	18.8	79
29	92	66	71.7	47	71.2	9	3.6	10	15.2	21

TABLE LVIII

Age of Petitioners at Arrival, and Time Elapsing Between Twenty-one Years of Age (or Later Arrival) and Petition, 1913–14.

Age at Arrival		Petitioners		Time Between 21 Years (Or Later Arrival) and Petition
		Number	Per Cent
All Ages		26,284	...	...
	1	149	0.6	6.2
	2	114	0.4	7.4
	3	127	0.5	7.3
	4	118	0.5	7.7
	5	120	0.5	8.5
	6	118	0.5	7.5
	7	155	0.6	7.0
	8	168	0.6	7.9
	9	169	0.6	6.9
	10	213	0.8	7.4
	11	219	0.8	7.3
	12	285	1.1	7.5
	13	396	1.5	9.5
	14	556	2.5	7.2
	15	812	3.1	7.1
	16	1,244	4.7	7.0
	17	1,626	6.2	7.7
	18	1,999	7.6	8.7
	19	1,779	6.8	9.5
	20	2,036	7.7	10.8
	21	1,736	6.6	10.6
	22	1,470	5.6	10.7
	23	1,371	5.2	10.9
	24	1,290	4.9	10.8
	25	1,240	4.7	10.6
	26	987	3.8	10.6
	27	827	3.1	10.8
	28	723	2.8	10.4
	29	598	2.3	10.5
	30	530	2.0	10.9
	31	402	1.5	10.6
	32	387	1.5	10.6
	33	336	1.3	10.6
	34	296	1.1	10.3
	35	248	0.9	10.3
	36	204	0.8	9.8
	37	197	0.7	10.0
	38	137	0.5	10.0
	39	118	0.4	9.5
	40	118	0.4	9.7
	41	109	0.4	9.7
	42	87	0.3	9.9
	43	86	0.3	9.1
	44	64	0.2	9.0
	45	61	0.2	9.7
	46	41	0.2	8.7
	47	45	0.2	9.4
	48	36	0.1	10.3
	49	31	0.1	10.0
	50	22	0.1	8.6
Over	50	68	0.3	...
No Information		16	...	...

TABLE LIX

Number and Per Cent of Petitioners Denied for Each Cause by Courts

(Part One)
Code Number of Court	Total Petit­ Ioners	Total Denials	Per Cent Petit­ioners Denied	Want of Prosecution		Incompetent Witness		Declaration Invalid		Ignorance		Immoral Character		Insufficient Residence
				Num- ber	Per Cent	Num- ber	Per Cent	Num- ber	Per Cent	Num- ber	Per Cent	Num- ber	Per Cent	Num- ber	Per Cent
All Courts	26,284	3,033	11.5	689	22.7	422	13.9	1,296	42.7	220	7.2	59	1.9	68	2.2
1	11,058	1,308	11.8	203	15.5	107	8.2	879	67.2	20	1.5	13	1.0	8	0.6
2	2,401	278	11.6	73	26.3	39	14.0	59	21.3	77	27.7	2	0.7	2	0.7
3	1,553	200	12.9	35	17.5	6	3.0	87	43.5	51	25.5	3	1.5	3	1.5
4	1,355	155	11.4	22	14.2	54	34.8	52	33.5	2	1.3	4	2.6	3	1.9
5	598	119	20.0	19	16.0	11	9.2	57	47.9	23	19.3	1	0.8	...	....
6	647	103	15.9	30	29.1	11	10.7	49	47.5	6	5.8	2	1.9	1	....
7	135	30	22.2	9	3.0	6	20.0	9	30.0	2	6.7	...	....	1	3.0
8	742	48	6.5	13	27.1	15	31.3	7	14.6	...	....	1	2.1	7	14.6
9	410	47	11.5	14	29.8	...	....	21	44.2	1	2.1	1	2.1	3	6.4
10	29	4	13.8	...	....	2	50.0	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....
12	13	2	15.4	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	1	50.0
13	52	8	15.4	1	12.5	1	12.5	...	....	...	....	1	12.5	1	12.5
14	23	4	17.4	...	....	...	....	1	25.0	...	....	...	....	1	25.0
15	389	37	9.5	17	45.9	15	40.5	2	5.4	...	....	1	2.7	1	2.7
16	1,175	84	7.1	48	57.1	10	11.9	4	4.8	2	2.4	4	4.8	4	4.8
17	1,703	82	4.8	43	52.4	13	15.9	5	6.1	2	2.4	3	3.7	5	6.1
18	714	129	18.1	15	11.6	55	42.6	11	8.5	2	1.6	16	12.4	2	1.6
19	813	65	8.0	35	53.8	12	18.5	...	....	3	4.6	2	3.1	5	7.7
20	703	93	13.2	26	28.0	27	29.0	15	16.1	6	6.5	...	....	6	6.5
21	143	25	17.5	6	24.0	7	28.0	1	4.0	2	8.0	1	4.0	4	4.0
22	19	2	10.5	1	50.0	1	50.0	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....
23	199	27	13.6	15	55.6	7	25.9	...	....	...	....	2	7.4	1	3.7
24	115	27	23.5	1	3.7	8	29.6	1	3.7	11	40.7	...	....	1	3.7
25	635	70	11.0	31	44.3	10	14.3	20	28.6	...	....	1	1.4	3	4.3
26	74	7	9.5	5	71.4	...	....	1	14.3	1	....	...	....	...	....
27	104	13	12.5	2	15.4	1	7.7	5	38.5	4	30.8	...	....	...	....
28	363	40	11.0	22	55.0	4	10.0	1	2.5	5	12.5	...	....	1	2.5
29	119	26	21.8	3	11.5	...	....	9	26.9	...	....	1	3.8	4	15.4

(Part Two)
Code Number of Court	Petit­ioners Motion		No Juris­diction		Deceased		Unable to Produce Witness For Deposition		Already a Citizen		No Certificate of Arrival		Premature Petition		Miscell- aneous		No Inform­ation
	Num- ber	Per Cent	Num- ber	Per Cent	Num- ber	Per Cent	Num- ber	Per Cent	Num- ber	Per Cent	Num- ber	Per Cent	Num- ber	Per Cent	Num- ber	Per Cent	Num- ber	Per Cent
All Courts	51	1.7	12	0.4	11	0.4	12	0.4	9	0.3	14	0.5	7	0.2	147	4.8	16	0.5
1	8	0.6	...	....	1	0.8	...	....	3	0.2	...	....	1	0.08	62	4.7	3	0.2
2	7	2.5	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	19	6.8	...	....
3	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	1	1.5	...	....	...	....	10	5.0	4	2.0
4	...	....	1	0.6	1	0.6	...	....	1	0.6	...	....	1	0.6	14	9.0	...	....
5	...	....	...	....	1	0.8	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	7	5.9	...	....
6	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	4	3.9	...	....
7	...	....	1	2.1	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	3	10.0	...	....
8	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	1	2.1	3	6.2
9	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	6	12.8	1	2.1
10	...	....	1	50.0	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	2	50.0	...	....
12	...	....	...	....	1	12.5	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....
13	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	1	12.5	...	....	1	12.5	1	12.5
14	1	25.0	...	....	...	....	1	25.0	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....
15	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	1	2.7	...	....	...	....	...	....
16	5	6.0	3	3.6	1	1.2	2	2.4	...	....	...	....	...	....	1	1.2	...	....
17	6	7.3	1	1.2	1	1.2	...	....	...	....	3	3.7	...	....	...	....	...	....
18	9	7.0	3	2.3	1	O.8	7	5.4	2	1.6	2	1.6	...	....	1	0.8	3	2.3
19	6	9.2	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	1	1.5	...	....	1	1.5	...	....
20	3	3.2	...	....	1	1.1	...	....	1	1.1	2	2.2	1	1.1	5	5.4	...	....
21	2	8.0	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	1	4.0	1	4.0
22	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....
23	...	....	...	....	...	....	1	3.7	...	....	...	....	1	3.7	...	....	...	....
24	1	3.7	...	....	1	3.7	...	....	...	....	3	11.1	...	....	...	....	...	....
25	...	....	...	....	1	1.4	1	1.4	1	1.4	...	....	2	2.9	...	....	...	....
26	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....
27	1	7.7	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....
28	2	5.0	2	5.0	...	....	...	....	...	....	1	2.5	1	2.5	1	2.5	...	....
29	...	....	...	....	1	3.8	...	....	...	....	...	....	...	....	8	30.8	...	....

TABLE LX

Number of Petitioners Denied for Each Cause by Country of Birth

(Part One)
Country Of Birth	Total Number of Petit­ioners	Total Denials	Per Cent Denials	Want of Prosec­ution	Incomp­etent Wit­nesses	Declar­ation Invalid	Ignor­ance	Immoral Char­acter	Insuff­icient Resid­ence
All countries	26,284	3,033	11.5	689	422	1,296	220	59	68
Australia	31	4	12.9	1	1	1	...	...	1
Austria	3,875	345	9.0	75	36	172	25	5	4
Belgium	41	5	12.2	2	1	...	1	...	...
Bulgaria	10	1	10.0	1	...	...	...	...	...
Canada	385	43	11.2	13	6	13	...	2	1
Central America	10	1	10.0	...	...	...	...	...	...
China	...	...	....	...	...	...	...	...	...
Cuba	15	1	6.7	...	...	1	...	...	...
Denmark	200	29	14.5	5	8	10	...	2	...
England	831	120	14.4	36	23	38	2	3	1
Finland	144	14	9.7	6	2	2	...	...	1
France	86	19	22.1	3	5	8	...	...	...
Germany	2,305	296	12.8	51	43	149	14	7	4
Greece	90	27	30.0	13	3	2	...	...	1
Holland	139	21	15.1	6	7	4	...	...	...
Hungary	2,443	249	10.2	80	31	72	19	8	14
Indiana	10	2	20.0	...	...	1	...	...	...
Ireland	1,773	166	9.4	45	19	82	3	1	1
Italy	3,591	646	18.0	182	72	236	92	11	13
Japan	4	...	....	...	...	...	...	...	...
Luxemburg	6	...	....	...	...	...	...	...	...
Mexico	4	3	75.0	1	1	...	1	...	...
Montenegro	4	1	25.0	...	...	...	1	...	...
Newfoundland	12	...	....	...	...	...	...	...	...
Norway	389	48	12.3	12	13	9	4	...	3
Portugal	8	1	12.5	1	...	...	...	...	...
Rumania	569	54	9.5	4	6	37	4	2	...
Russia	7,864	744	9.5	113	117	381	46	13	13
South America	19	3	15.8	...	2	1	...	...	...
Scotland	288	42	14.6	9	5	17	1	...	1
Serbia	6	4	66.6	1	1	1	...	...	...
Spain	23	4	17.4	...	1	2	1	...	...
Sweden	616	80	13.0	11	11	33	3	4	7
Switzerland	197	25	12.7	6	5	10	2	...	1
Turkey in Asia	142	18	12.7	8	2	6	1	...	1
Turkey in Europe	92	15	16.3	4	1	7	...	1	...
Wales	32	1	3.1	...	...	...	...	...	1
Persia	6	1	16.6	...	...	...	...	...	...
Iceland	1	...	....	...	...	...	...	...	...
No information	23	...	....	...	...	...	...	...	...

(Part Two)
Country of Birth	Petit­ioners’ Motion	No Juris­diction	Deceased	Unable to Produce Witness For Deposition	Already a Citizen	No Certif­icate of Denial	Premature Petition	Miscell­aneous	No Inform­ation
All countries	51	12	11	12	9	14	7	147	16
Australia	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Austria	2	1	1	1	1	2	...	19	1
Belgium	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	1	...
Bulgaria	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Canada	2	2	1	...	1	1	...	1	...
Central America	...	...	1	...	...	...	...	...	...
China	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Cuba	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Denmark	2	...	...	...	...	...	...	2	...
England	5	1	1	1	1	2	...	6	...
Finland	...	...	2	...	...	...	...	...	1
France	...	...	...	...	1	1	...	1	...
Germany	5	1	...	2	...	2	...	18	...
Greece	...	...	...	...	...	...	2	4	2
Holland	...	...	...	1	1	...	...	2	...
Hungary	8	1	2	3	...	...	2	9	...
Indiana	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	1	...
Ireland	4	1	...	...	1	...	1	8	...
Italy	3	2	...	...	1	3	...	28	3
Japan	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Luxemburg	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Mexico	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Montenegro	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Newfoundland	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Norway	2	...	...	1	1	...	...	2	1
Portugal	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Rumania	...	1	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Russia	13	1	2	1	1	1	2	37	3
South America	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Scotland	2	1	...	1	...	...	...	4	1
Serbia	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	1
Spain	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Sweden	3	...	1	1	...	2	...	2	2
Switzerland	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	1
Turkey in Asia	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Turkey in Europe	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	2	...
Wales	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Persia	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Iceland	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
No information	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...

TABLE LXI

Distribution of Petitioners by Courts and Country of Birth

(Part One)
Country Of Birth	All Courts	Code Number of Courts
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	12	13	14
All countries	26,284	11,058	2,401	1,553	1,355	598	647	135	742	410	29	13	52	23
Australia	31	11	1	...	2	1	...	...	...	...	..	..	..	..
Austria	3,875	1,966	293	126	175	68	45	7	74	27	..	4	..	..
Belgium	41	5	4	...	1	1	...	...	10	4	..	..	..	..
Bulgaria	10	3	1	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	..	..	..	..
Canada	385	23	14	12	3	2	5	...	3	5	..	..	32	..
Central America	10	5	2	...	...	1	...	...	...	...	..	..	..	..
China	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	..	..	..	..
Cuba	15	10	4	1	...	...	...	...	...	...	..	..	..	..
Denmark	200	36	9	7	12	11	6	7	1	7	3	..	..	..
England	831	167	93	59	29	33	36	12	19	21	2	..	1	2
Finland	144	5	6	3	1	1	2	...	...	1	..	..	..	..
France	86	45	11	2	2	...	2	4	3	2	..	..	1	1
Germany	2,305	673	280	204	122	182	41	18	94	27	1	2	1	1
Greece	90	32	17	4	...	...	...	1	4	...	1	..	2	2
Holland	139	17	14	2	4	2	2	1	36	...	..	..	..	2
Hungary	2,443	719	148	38	93	44	31	8	81	77	..	..	2	3
India	10	1	...	2	...	...	...	...	1	...	..	..	..	..
Ireland	1,773	801	304	86	84	30	82	13	17	29	1	2	3	..
Italy	3,591	1,391	303	430	206	128	236	27	104	63	1	..	5	4
Japan	4	2	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	..	..	..	..
Luxemburg	6	1	2	...	...	...	...	...	...	1	..	..	..	..
Mexico	4	2	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	..	..	..	..
Montenegro	4	...	1	...	...	...	...	...	...	1	..	..	..	..
Newfoundland	12	1	1	1	1	1	1	...	...	...	..	..	..	..
Norway	389	24	15	54	6	2	2	1	1	...	..	..	..	..
Portugal	8	3	2	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	..	..	..	..
Rumania	569	390	69	23	41	1	4	2	...	3	..	..	..	..
Russia	7,864	4,434	665	416	538	74	86	22	247	95	2	3	4	2
South America	19	7	10	1	...	...	1	...	...	...	..	..	..	..
Scotland	288	38	26	21	13	4	33	2	15	4	1	..	..	2
Serbia	6	1	...	1	...	...	...	...	...	...	..	..	..	..
Spain	23	10	4	6	...	...	...	...	...	...	..	..	..	..
Sweden	616	95	31	31	16	4	21	6	8	32	17	..	..	..
Switzerland	197	49	20	9	4	7	3	2	14	1	..	1	..	..
Turkey in Asia	142	34	23	13	...	1	4	2	7	8	..	..	..	2
Turkey in Europe	92	43	27	...	1	...	1	...	...	...	..	1	1	2
Wales	32	11	...	...	...	...	2	...	...	...	..	..	..	..
Persia	6	3	...	1	...	...	...	...	...	...	..	..	..	..
Iceland	1	...	...	...	1	...	...	...	...	...	..	..	..	..
No information	23	...	1	...	...	...	1	...	3	2	..	..	..	..

(Part Two)
Country Of Birth	Code Number of Courts
	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29
All countries	389	1,175	1,703	714	813	703	143	19	199	115	635	74	104	363	119
Australia	1	...	4	1	1	8	1	..	...	...	...	..	...	...	...
Austria	36	294	541	35	33	37	8	4	22	16	23	11	7	18	5
Belgium	...	...	...	6	3	5	...	..	...	...	...	..	...	...	2
Bulgaria	...	...	...	3	1	2	...	..	...	...	...	..	...	...	...
Canada	2	20	28	41	39	40	12	..	1	...	85	5	4	4	5
Central America	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	..	...	1	1	..	...	...	...
China	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	..	...	...	...	..	...	...	...
Cuba	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	..	...	...	...	..	...	...	...
Denmark	20	8	7	21	2	23	8	..	4	1	2	..	3	1	1
England	20	38	46	51	54	55	22	..	8	7	36	2	3	7	8
Finland	1	18	...	14	...	18	6	..	...	...	68	..	...	...	...
France	...	1	3	5	1	...	1	..	...	1	1	..	...	...	...
Germany	26	84	123	90	91	72	8	2	11	10	13	4	18	100	7
Greece	2	2	...	6	4	5	2	1	1	...	...	..	...	...	4
Holland	...	4	8	10	27	3	1	..	1	1	2	..	1	...	1
Hungary	116	441	374	12	17	10	1	..	98	34	...	..	4	85	7
India	...	...	1	...	1	...	...	..	...	...	3	..	...	...	1
Ireland	9	16	64	37	26	39	3	2	8	...	80	3	12	12	10
Italy	36	42	89	33	283	23	7	1	10	30	54	22	24	27	12
Japan	...	...	...	...	...	2	...	..	...	...	...	..	...	...	...
Luxemburg	...	...	1	...	1	...	...	..	...	...	...	..	...	...	...
Mexico	...	...	...	1	...	1	...	..	...	...	...	..	...	...	...
Montenegro	...	...	1	1	...	...	...	..	...	...	...	..	...	...	...
Newfoundland	...	1	...	...	...	4	...	..	...	...	...	..	1	...	...
Norway	5	10	8	66	4	163	18	..	2	...	6	1	...	...	1
Portugal	...	...	2	...	1	...	...	..	...	...	...	..	...	...	...
Rumania	1	7	4	3	10	...	...	..	...	...	...	..	...	11	...
Russia	98	146	330	110	185	45	8	7	17	13	162	13	19	83	40
South America	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	..	...	...	...	..	...	...	...
Scotland	6	16	19	26	10	24	4	..	4	...	10	1	1	3	5
Serbia	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	..	3	...	...	..	...	1	...
Spain	1	...	...	...	1	1	...	..	...	...	...	..	...	...	...
Sweden	2	12	26	91	9	110	27	..	5	...	65	6	1	...	1
Switzerland	1	10	13	40	4	8	2	..	2	1	...	2	...	4	...
Turkey in Asia	3	1	5	2	2	2	...	1	1	...	23	1	2	2	3
Turkey in Europe	...	3	1	3	...	1	...	1	...	...	...	..	2	1	4
Wales	1	...	5	6	3	...	...	..	1	...	...	..	...	3	...
Persia	...	1	...	...	...	...	...	..	...	...	1	..	...	...	...
Iceland	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	..	...	...	...	..	...	...	...
No information	2	...	...	...	...	2	4	..	...	...	...	3	2	1	2

TABLE LXII

Distribution of Petitioners, Length of Time from Arrival to Petition, by Country of Birth

Country of Birth	Total Number of Petitioners For Whom Information As to Country of Birth Was Obtained	Petitioners Arriving at						Average Time Elapsing Between Attaining Age of 21 and Filing Naturalization Petition For Petitioners Arriving at	Average Length of Time from Arrival to Petition. Petitioners Arriving at
		1 to 14 Years of age		15 to 20 Years of age		21 Years of Age and Over
		Number	Per Cent	Number	Per Cent	Number	Per Cent	1 to 14 Years of Age	15 to 20 Years of Age	21 Years of Age and Over
								Years	Years	Years
All countries	26,284	2,900	11.0	9,512	36.2	13,849	52.7	6.2	11.0	10.6
Australia	31	....	....	14	45.2	17	54.8	....	17.3	9.4
Austria	3,875	389	10.0	1,658	42.8	1,828	47.2	4.5	10.6	10.5
Belgium	41	1	2.5	9	22.0	31	75.6	11.0	17.4	11.0
Bulgaria	10	1	10.0	2	20.0	7	70.0	7.0	13.5	17.0
Canada	385	88	22.9	99	25.7	198	51.4	9.8	17.3	7.3
Central America	10	7	70.0	2	20.0	1	10.0	12.3	4.5	16.4
Cuba	15	10	66.6	2	13.3	3	20.0	7.5	15.5	9.0
Denmark	200	13	6.5	65	32.5	122	61.0	9.5	12.2	10.2
England	831	77	9.3	216	26.0	538	64.7	11.6	13.6	11.7
Finland	144	6	4.1	54	37.5	84	58.3	5.3	11.7	10.5
France	86	19	22.1	10	11.6	57	66.3	12.9	17.7	11.9
Germany	2,305	280	12.1	600	26.0	1,425	61.8	10.3	14.1	11.9
Greece	90	12	13.3	47	52.2	31	34.4	5.5	9.7	8.6
Holland	139	17	12.2	32	23.0	90	64.7	9.5	12.2	10.1
Hungary	2,443	192	7.9	960	39.3	1,291	52.8	5.3	10.8	9.9
India	10	2	20.0	2	20.0	6	60.0	5.5	7.5	8.2
Ireland	1,773	77	4.3	609	34.3	1,087	61.3	10.8	11.5	9.6
Italy	3,591	651	18.1	1,198	33.4	1,742	48.5	4.9	10.8	11.4
Japan	4	....	....	1	25.0	3	75.0	....	25.0	9.0
Luxemburg	6	1	16.6	1	16.6	4	66.6	7.0	6.0	12.3
Mexico	4	1	25.0	2	50.0	1	25.0	10.0	12.0	10.0
Montenegro	4	....	....	1	25.0	3	75.0	....	12.0	8.3
Newfoundland	12	....	....	4	33.3	8	66.6	....	15.0	14.5
Norway	389	13	3.3	148	38.0	228	58.6	12.5	11.3	10.8
Portugal	8	2	25.0	3	37.5	3	37.5	5.5	6.6	8.3
Rumania	569	89	15.6	202	35.5	278	48.9	3.8	10.2	9.8
Russia	7,864	873	11.1	3,055	38.8	3,936	50.1	5.0	9.9	9.6
Scotland	288	13	4.5	57	19.8	218	75.7	11.8	12.7	10.6
Servia	6	....	....	....	....	6	100.0	....	....	8.3
South America	19	5	26.3	5	26.3	9	47.4	7.8	10.2	7.9
Spain	23	3	13.0	7	30.2	13	36.5	11.6	10.3	10.7
Sweden	616	31	5.0	269	43.7	316	51.3	12.4	15.6	13.1
Switzerland	197	7	3.5	50	25.4	140	71.1	12.4	15.6	12.2
Turkey in Asia	142	10	7.0	69	48.6	63	44.4	4.0	9.0	8.5
Turkey in Europe	92	8	8.7	42	45.7	42	45.7	3.6	7.9	8.1
Wales	32	2	6.3	15	46.8	15	46.8	37.5	14.1	10.1
Persia	6	....	....	2	33.3	4	66.6	....	7.5	9.8
Iceland	1	....	....	....	....	1	100.0	....	....	9.0
No Information	23	....	....	....	....	....	....	....	....	....

TABLE LXIII

Distribution of Petitioners by Occupation and Courts

Code Numbers of Courts	Total	Agricul­ture, Forestry And Animal Husb­andry	Extrac­tion of Minerals	Manu­facturing and Mech­anical industries	Transpor­tation	Trade	Public Service	Profess­ional Service	Domestic and Personal Service	Clerical	No Inform­ation
All Courts	26,284	444	40	15,384	1,054	4,403	180	1,007	2,377	1,352	43
1	11,058	15	3	6,064	406	2,244	54	456	1,211	605	...
2	2,401	11	...	1,065	147	437	46	149	314	232	...
3	1,553	7	2	854	87	279	16	63	149	91	5
4	1,355	1	...	779	45	263	16	64	111	75	1
5	598	8	...	396	18	75	5	25	47	24	...
6	647	29	1	392	46	97	6	11	49	16	...
7	135	15	...	69	8	22	...	4	11	6	...
8	742	7	...	552	8	94	1	15	36	27	2
9	410	24	...	225	9	70	2	14	46	19	1
10	29	3	...	18	5	1	...	1	1	...	...
12	13	3	...	6	...	1	...	2	...	...	1
13	52	2	...	29	...	8	...	2	3	8	...
14	23	...	...	8	1	3	...	5	5	...	1
15	389	8	...	274	10	73	...	3	13	5	3
16	1,175	16	...	897	36	102	1	22	55	33	13
17	1,703	27	1	1,242	57	190	7	38	82	59	...
18	714	76	2	347	42	125	10	23	52	36	1
19	813	20	...	610	19	77	6	25	45	11	...
20	703	101	23	329	60	64	4	32	54	36	...
21	143	17	6	72	6	11	...	5	13	13	...
22	19	...	...	9	4	5	...	1	...	...	...
23	199	10	...	135	4	25	...	2	17	6	...
24	115	3	2	81	1	12	...	5	7	3	1
25	635	14	...	510	19	36	...	13	7	23	13
26	74	6	...	50	3	6	...	3	5	1	...
27	104	4	...	59	3	15	2	4	9	7	1
28	363	5	...	239	8	57	1	17	27	9	...
29	119	12	...	73	2	11	3	3	8	7	...

TABLE LXIV

Average Number of Years from Date of Arrival to Date of Petition, by Occupation

Occupation	Number of Petitioners Arriving at		Average Length of Time from Arrival to Petition (Years). Arriving at
	15 to 20 Years of Age	21 Years of Age and Over	15 to 20 Years of Age	21 Years of Age and Over
All occupations	9,494	13,851	10.7	10.5
Agriculture, Forestry, etc.	139	314	14.3	14.2
Manufacturing	5,735	8,352	10.3	10.5
Bakers	170	255	12.0	10.7
Cabinetmakers and carpenters	372	921	10.3	10 4
Laborers	751	1,193	11.0	11.3
Managers, supts., mfgrs., and officers	344	444	17.6	10.8
Plumbers	112	94	9.8	10.4
Tailors	1,072	1,205	10.1	10.5
All others	2,914	4,240	10.3	10.2
Transportation	387	552	10.3	9.7
Trade	1,511	2,266	11.6	10.7
Retail dealers	911	1,646	12.2	10.7
Salesmen	346	254	10.4	9.6
All others	254	366	12.1	10.9
Public service	21	112	13.4	10.3
Professional service	342	508	11.0	9.9
Clergymen	10	83	11.4	10.3
Musicians	37	91	11.5	10.3
All others	295	334	11.0	9.8
Domestic and personal service	917	1,246	10.8	10.3
Barbers	224	225	10.4	10.2
Bartenders	136	164	10.4	9.3
All others	557	857	11.4	10.9
Clerical	442	501	9.6	9.3

TABLE LXV

Number of Petitioners, by Country of Birth and Occupation

(Part One)
Country of Birth	Total Repor­ting Occup­ation	Agric- ultural Occup- ation	Manufacturing								Trans- port- ation	Trade
			Total	Bakers	Carpen­ters and Cabinet Makers	Labor­ers	Man­agers	Tailors	Plumb­ers	All Others		Total	Retail Dealers
All countries	26,284	454	15,335	446	1,314	1,121	866	281	2,447	7,860	1,010	4,427	2,872
Austria	3,885	35	2,538	102	169	299	135	31	595	1,207	65	608	402
Canada	403	19	189	2	27	16	10	10	2	122	28	56	26
Denmark	198	14	115	1	31	15	7	3	1	57	15	12	5
England	827	24	438	4	50	90	28	24	11	231	49	73	32
Finland	146	6	121	2	34	19	3	...	13	50	5	5	4
Germany	2,297	60	1,147	139	87	78	99	22	37	685	87	436	262
Holland	125	3	70	4	5	8	4	...	2	47	9	15	10
Hungary	2,458	27	1,681	57	184	317	54	15	158	896	48	306	190
Ireland	1,778	45	745	5	56	217	26	29	6	406	357	130	38
Italy	3,595	46	2,107	32	97	782	51	23	219	903	84	528	371
Norway	388	61	203	3	66	46	4	1	...	83	48	17	5
Rumania	561	2	323	2	14	6	32	9	75	185	7	132	73
Russia	7,883	30	4,795	81	342	169	370	97	1,296	2,440	104	1,909	1,340
Scotland	289	11	201	2	42	8	9	5	...	135	17	19	4
Sweden	617	51	392	3	101	38	10	9	11	220	55	25	10
Switzerland	133	...	49	...	...	...	...	...	1	48	8	17	9
Turkey in Asia	117	2	39	...	...	...	...	...	6	33	3	39	27
All others	561	18	182	7	9	13	24	3	14	112	21	100	64
No Information	23	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...

(Part Two)
Country of Birth	Trade		Public Service	Professional Service				Domestic and Personal				Clerical Occup- ations	No Infor­mation
	Salesmen	All Others		Total	Clergy- men	Music­ians	All Others	Total	Barbers	Bar­tenders	All Others
All countries	836	719	170	1,026	99	143	784	2,382	510	335	1,537	1,388	92
Austria	117	89	16	126	6	21	99	336	47	40	249	161	...
Canada	15	15	1	45	5	2	38	21	1	1	19	44	...
Denmark	4	3	...	9	...	...	9	18	...	2	16	15	...
England	24	17	8	41	6	9	26	98	2	6	90	96	...
Finland	...	1	...	...	...	...	...	3	3	...	...	6	...
Germany	70	104	16	100	5	18	77	295	28	66	201	156	...
Holland	2	3	5	4	...	1	3	13	...	1	12	6	...
Hungary	61	55	...	72	10	7	55	218	47	43	128	106	...
Ireland	29	63	77	23	6	1	16	269	4	77	188	132	...
Italy	33	124	17	107	13	28	66	589	313	66	210	117	...
Norway	7	5	3	6	...	...	6	13	1	2	10	37	...
Rumania	49	10	2	31	2	...	29	24	5	2	17	40	...
Russia	364	205	19	377	34	48	295	265	55	19	191	384	...
Scotland	10	5	3	5	...	...	5	14	...	...	14	19	...
Sweden	9	6	2	22	5	1	16	55	2	4	49	15	...
Switzerland	6	2	...	12	1	1	10	37	1	2	34	10	...
Turkey in Asia	6	6	...	9	2	1	6	16	1	...	15	9	...
All others	30	6	1	37	4	5	28	98	...	4	94	35	...
No Information	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...

TABLE LXVI

Ratio Between Number of Naturalization Petitions filed in 1913–14 and Total Foreign-born White Males Ten Years of Age and Over in 1910, by Occupations, for Seven Cities

1—Number foreign born in 1910.
2—Number of petitioners in 1913–14.
3—Ratio of 2 to 1.

(Part One)
City	Bakers	Barbers	Bar­tenders	Black­smiths	Brick & Stone Masons	Carp­enters	Chauff­eurs	Clergy­men	Laborers
Total for 7 cities—
1	10,458	11,608	6,826	5,982	10,170	25,924	3,007	1,425	8,426
2	328	372	248	161	219	779	176	67	1,362
3	3.1	3.2	3.6	2.7	2.2	3.0	5.9	4.7	1.5
Bridgeport—
1	151	181	129	179	350	637	...	...	2,735
2	5	12	6	4	3	25	5	3	35
3	3.3	6.6	4.7	2.2	0.9	3.9	...	...	1.3
Cincinnati—
1	605	303	226	292	270	730	35	...	2,488
2	20	6	4	3	5	13	3	3	20
3	3.3	2.0	1.8	1.0	1.9	1.8	8.6	...	0.8
Cleveland—
1	675	631	401	1,222	1,356	3,879	156	...	839
2	39	40	39	58	53	219	10	5	488
3	5.8	6.3	9.7	4.7	3.9	5.6	6.4	...	2.9
New York—
Bor. of Man. and Bronx:
1	7,715	9,271	5,310	3,198	6,540	15,318	2,663	1,247	4,211
2	218	273	155	57	77	323	147	40	397
3	2.8	2.9	2.9	1.8	1.2	2.1	5.5	3.2	0.9
Bor. of Queens:
1	673	540	307	388	730	1,986	61	...	4,861
2	22	13	13	13	13	31	3	1	63
3	3.2	2.4	4.2	3.4	1.8	1.6	4.9	...	1.3
Paterson—
1	188	268	99	132	225	617	...	...	713
2	7	11	15	6	18	38	2	1	72
3	3.7	4.1	15.2	4.5	8.0	6.2	...	...	4.2
Portland—
1	205	161	225	265	199	1,549	35	106	5,831
2	8	8	7	12	7	87	4	11	96
3	3.9	5.0	3.1	4.5	3.5	5.6	11.4	10.4	1.4
Rochester—
1	246	244	129	306	500	1,208	57	72	3,626
2	9	9	9	8	43	43	2	3	137
3	3.7	3.7	7.0	2.6	8.6	3.6	3.5	4.2	3.8

(Part Two)
City	Mana­gers and Supts.	Mnfg. and Offi­cials	Motor­men	Paint­ers and Glaz­iers	Plumb­ers	Retail Dealers	Sales­men	Tailors	Total
Total for 7 cities—
1	2,175	16,779	3,855	16,772	5,404	67,204	21,404	39,918	335,176
2	154	511	92	514	193	2,103	591	2,120	9,930
3	7.1	2.7	2.4	3.1	3.6	3.1	2.8	5.3	3.0
Bridgeport—
1	43	103	...	221	133	886	177	266	6,191
2	...	1	...	9	5	54	10	16	193
3	...	1.0	...	4.1	3.8	6.1	5.7	6.0	3.1
Cincinnati—
1	101	568	53	437	101	1,977	526	1,120	9,802
2	5	9	1	11	2	45	9	24	183
3	5.0	1.6	1.9	2.5	2.0	2.2	1.7	2.1	1.9
Cleveland—
1	274	1,148	247	1,336	544	5,125	1,131	2,824	37,779
2	8	39	4	42	27	213	17	182	1,477
3	2.9	3.4	1.6	3.1	5.0	4.2	1.5	6.4	3.9
New York—
Bor. of Man. and Bronx:
1	1,339	14,944	3,178	12,866	3,948	52,323	17,573	33,101	235,745
2	120	421	75	385	139	1,569	508	1,754	6,658
3	9.0	2.8	2.4	3.0	3.5	3.0	2.9	5.3	2.8
Bor. of Queens:
1	155	810	168	790	273	2,853	630	602	15,836
2	3	6	3	31	6	50	8	17	286
3	1.9	0.7	1.8	2.7	2.2	1.8	1.3	2.8	1.8
Paterson—
1	84	483	...	272	106	1,197	259	288	5,931
2	9	24	1	19	8	77	9	20	337
3	10.7	5.0	...	7.0	7.5	6.4	3.5	6.9	5.7
Portland—
1	85	254	84	376	149	1,391	672	437	13,024
2	4	...	4	17	5	42	22	29	354
3	4.7	...	4.8	4.5	3.4	3.0	3.3	4.6	2.7
Rochester—
1	94	469	125	474	150	1,452	436	1,280	10,868
2	5	11	4	10	1	53	8	87	442
3	5.3	2.3	3.2	2.1	0.7	3.6	1.8	6.8	4.1

---

[INDEX]

A
Abbott, Grace, [208]
Addams, Jane, [324]
Age:
At arrival, [236-247]
Limitations for naturalization, [95-96]
Akron, Ohio:
Naturalization court, [227]
Study, [227-254]
Alabama:
Immigrants
Political privileges, [5], [217]
Aliens:
(See [Immigrants])
Cobelligerents, [257]
Enemy, [260-263]
Desertion, [279-281]
Legal position, [5-7]
Naturalization bureau support, [189-193]
Reciprocal conscription, [278]
Rights in United States, [6]
War registration, [267-277]
Allegiance:
National Indelibility, [56]
Oath, [137-142]
Registered aliens, [267-269]
America, [14-16]
Immigrants’ vision of, [17]
American:
Attitude on naturalization, [195-196]
Born abroad, [51-52]
Definition, [7-16]
Jus Sanguinis, [45]
Jus Solis, [45]
Types, [1]
Americanism:
Essentials, [14-16]
Americanization:
Agencies, [177-180], [305-307], [330-333]
Factors, [37-39], [173]
Program, [139-140]
American Labor Union, [402]
American Railway Union, [402]
Argentine:
Jus Solis, [45]
Arizona:
Immigrants
Political privilege, [5]
Arkansas:
Immigrants
Political privileges, [5], [217]
Naturalization denials, [126]
Arthur, Chester A., [79]
Assimilation, [38-39], [287-288]
Auburn, Maine:
Naturalization court, [227]
Study, [227-254]
Austrian:
Allegiance, [274-275]
Classification, [287-288]
Immigration, [19-20], [197], [205]
Jus Sanguinis, [44]
Naturalization treaties, [56]
Vote in New York City, [350], [353]
Ayer’s American Newspaper Annual and Directory, [388]
B
Bay City, Michigan:
Women registered, [368]
Belgium:
Immigrants, [205]
Jus Sanguinis, [45]
Jus Solis, [45]
Naturalization Treaties, [56]
Bennett, William S., [345-347], [355]
Benton Harbor, Michigan:
Women registered, [368]
Bingham, George G., [311]
Blair, A. Z., [345]
Bohemians:
In Cleveland, [287], [360]
Naturalized, [206]
Borchard, Edwin M., [4], [52], [56], [59], [60], [64]
Boston:
Naturalization Division, [89]
Brazil:
Naturalization treaties, [56]
Breckinridge, S. P., [305]
Bridgeport, Connecticut:
Naturalization court, [227]
Study, [227-254]
Briggs-Wall, Henrietta, [141]
Brissenden, Paul Frederic, [406]
Brooks, John Graham, [viii], [8]
Brownson, O. A., [378]
Buchanan, Pres., [78]
Bulgaria:
Jus Sanguinis, [45]
Jus Solis, [45]
Bureau of Citizenship and Americanization, [180-184]
Bureau of Education, [180]
Bureau of Naturalization, [19], [81], [89-92], [104], [171-173], [177-193], [200-204], [225], [255], [425-428]
Burmese:
Naturalization, [93]
Byllesby, L., [379]
C
Cadillac, Michigan:
Women registered, [368]
California:
Gold discovery, [25]
Campbell, Richard K., [xxiii], [81], [82], [89-92], [101-105], [187], [285]
Canada:
Naturalization, [145]
Carpenter, A. H., [72]
Cases
Butchers’ Benevolent Association versus Crescent City Live Stock Company, [65]
Cruikshank vs. United States, [67]
Fernandez vs. United States, [94]
Friedl vs. United States, [99]
Lopez vs. United States, [94]
Minor vs. Happersett, [64]
Phillips, William, [115]
Pollock, John, [99]
United States vs. Boovris, [115]
United States vs. Brefo, [97]
United States vs. Gerstein, [136]
United States vs. Hill, [162]
United States vs. Langtry, [97]
United States vs. McMillan, [162]
United States vs. Mackey, [98]
United States vs. Mulcrevy, [162]
United States vs. Olson, [119]
United States vs. Wong Kim Ark, [49], [51]
Certificate of Arrival, [109-112]
Certificates of naturalization:
Interval between 1st paper, [238]
Interval between petition, [237]
Issued 1907–1920, [201]
Character:
Moral, [135-137]
Chicago:
Municipal Voters’ League, [333-334]
Naturalization division, [89]
Politics, [32-33], [36]
Children:
Born at sea, [52-53]
Factor in election, [333-334]
Foreign birth, [51-52]
Parentage, [84-85], [247], [301-303]
Chinese:
Jus Sanguinis, [44]
Naturalization, [93]
Cincinnati, Ohio:
Good Government League, [373-374]
Naturalization courts, [227]
Study, [227-254]
Citizens:
American
Children, [51]
Desertion, military, [279-281]
Jurisdiction, [64-68]
By birth, [1]
By choice, [1], [3], [7]
Definition, [46-51]
Citizenship:
(See [Naturalization])
American, [1], [49-50]
Immigrants
Application, [231], [253]
Cause, [254]
Fitness of candidates, [193-195], [250]
Attitude, [17], [25]
Essentials, [46-49]
Foreign born women, [296-334]
Granted
By races, [207-211],
For military service, [95]
Interval between arrival, [17], [31], [236-254]
Legal Recognition, [65-67]
Need for, [32]
Sex, [62-63]
Tests, [68]
Claghorn, Kate Holladay, [7]
Clark, John B., [212]
Clarke, Frederic, [342]
Clerks:
Naturalization Court, [2], [161-167]
Cleveland, Grover, [79]
Cleveland, Ohio:
Bohemians, [287]
Naturalization court, [227]
Study, [227-254]
Study of elections, [357-365]
Colonies:
American
Immigrants in, [69-70]
Naturalization in, [70-73]
Foreign born
Menace of, [2-3]
Colorado:
Naturalization denials, [126]
Communists, [377]
Commons, John R., [213]
Connecticut:
Naturalization denials, [126]
Constitution of United States, [50], [65], [69-70], [73], [123-126], [135], [144], [176], [296], [304]
Cooper, Thomas, [378]
Costa Rica:
Naturalization treaties, [56]
Country:
Person without, [38], [63-64]
Courts:
Clerks, [161-167]
Naturalization, [26-29], [87-88], [93-95], [108], [119-120], [145-147], [227]
Studied, [227-254], [429-434]
Crist, Raymond F., [xxiii], [177], [183], [294], [299], [311]
Croatians:
Naturalization, [205]
Czechs:
Socialists, [384]
D
Dana, Charles A., [379]
Daniels, John, [36]
Danish:
Immigrants, [19], [25]
Naturalized, [206]
Jus Sanguinis, [45]
Jus Solis, [45]
Naturalization treaties, [55-56]
Davenport, John I., [26], [27], [29]
Declaration of Intention:
Abolishment, [102-105], [417-420]
Attitude of judges, [105-107], [419]
Filed
In other states, [247-250]
Number, [201]
Form, [96-98], [107], [418-419]
Interval from
Arrival to, [96], [236-250]
To petition, [218-224]
Invalid, [98-102]
Suffrage through, [217-218]
Time limit, [107-109], [228]
Delaware:
Naturalization laws, [73]
Democratic, [21-23], [31]
Denials:
Cause, [88-100], [231], [263], [415], [432-433]
Comparison, [232]
By race, [233]
Special, [234]
By race, [234-236]
Denver, Colo.:
Naturalization division, [89]
Department of labor, [168]
Desertion:
By citizenship, [279-281]
Detroit, Michigan:
Women registered, [368]
Devoe, Emma Smith, [325]
Dillingham, William P., [204]
Dutch:
Immigrants, [205]
E
Earnings:
Comparison
By races, [215-217]
Easton, Pennsylvania:
Naturalization court, [227]
Study, [227-254]
Ecuador:
Naturalization treaties, [56]
Egypt:
Jus Sanguinis, [45]
Jus Solis, [45]
Eliot, Charles W., [373]
Ellerbe, Paul Lee, [xxiv]
Elmira, New York:
Naturalization Court, [227]
Study, [227-254]
Emmett, Thomas Addis, [23]
Employment:
Politicians’ usage of, [32]
England:
Naturalization in, [145]
Politics, [24]
English:
Ability to speak, [120-123]
Factor
Naturalization, [253]
Entry, [416]
Immigrants
Naturalization, [205-206]
Publications, [345], [348], [422]
Expatriation:
Right, [54-55]
F
Fall River, Massachusetts:
Naturalization receptions, [138-139]
Filipinos:
Naturalization, [94]
Finnish:
Jus Sanguinis, [44]
Socialist, [384]
Flint, Michigan:
Women registered, [368]
Florida:
Declaration of intention cases, [97]
Naturalization denial, [126]
Flournoy, R., [59]
Foreign Legion, [273]
Fosdick, Raymond B., [viii]
France:
Citizenship, [55]
Jus Sanguinis, [44]
Naturalization, [145]
French:
Immigrants, [205]
Fuller, Margaret, [379]
G
Galesburg, Illinois:
Naturalization courts, [227]
Gay, Edwin F., [viii]
Geneva:
Jus Solis, [45]
German:
Citizenship laws, [57-62]
Immigrants
Naturalization of, [205-206]
Number, [22]
Politics, [24-25]
Immigration, [18-20], [25], [197], [205]
Jus Sanguinis, [45]
Press, [388]
Socialist, [387-390]
Vote in New York City, [352-353]
Giddings, Franklin H., [9]
Gillette, John M., [398]
Glenn, John M., [viii]
Godwin, Parke, [379]
Gompers, Samuel, [336]
Government:
Land possession, [40]
Relation between Federal and State, [6]
Graft:
In naturalization courts, [165-167]
Grand Rapids, Michigan:
Americanization society, [330-334]
Civic interest in, [365-369]
Naturalization program, [139-140]
Women registered, [368]
Grant U. S., [79]
Great Britain:
Immigrants, [18], [19]
Jus Sanguinis, [45]
Jus Solis, [45]
Naturalization treaties, [56-57]
Greeks:
Expatriation rights, [54]
Immigration, [197]
Jus Sanguinis, [45]
Jus Solis, [45]
Greeley, Horace, [379]
H
Haiti:
Naturalization treaties, [56]
Hamilton, Alexander, [70]
Harrison, Benjamin, [79]
Harrison, J. B., [343]
Hart, Hornell, [xxiii]
Hawaiians:
Naturalization, [93]
Hawkins, L. H., [xxiii]
Hawthorne, Nathan, [379]
Hearst, William R., [355]
Higgins, A. Pearce, [59]
Holmes, Edith Knight, [326]
Honduras:
Naturalization, [56]
Hung, Gaillard, [81]
Hungarians:
Jus Sanguinis, [44]
Socialists, [384]
I
Illinois:
Declaration of intention cases, [97]
Naturalization denials, [126]
Immigrants (see [Aliens]):
Naturalized
Aid, [32]
Attitude, [3-5]
Cause of immigration, [18-21]
Interval between arrival and citizenship, [17]
New, [197-224], [233-254]
Number, [19-20]
Old, [197-224], [233-254]
Proportion of all foreign born, [2]
Vision of America, [17]
Vote, [335-376]
Unnaturalized
Refusal to submit to injustice, [7]
Immigration:
Rights, [44-45]
To America, [43-44]
Cause, [18], [25-30]
Distribution
By years, [22]
Variation, [17-20]
Indiana:
Comparison—declarations to petitions, [222]
Immigrants
Political privileges, [5], [217]
Naturalization denials, [126]
Industrial Workers of the World, [403-409]
International Working Peoples Association, [402]
Iowa:
Naturalization denials, [126]
Iowa City, Iowa:
Naturalization court, [227]
Study, [227-254]
Irish:
Immigrants, [18], [21], [25], [197]
Naturalized, [206]
Number, [22]
Politics, [21-24]
Vote in New York City, [352-353]
Italian:

Citizenship rights, [55]
Immigrants, [19-20], [197], [231]
Jus Sanguinis, [45]
Jus Solis, [45]
Naturalization petitioners, [124]
Socialist, [384]
Vote
Cleveland, [357-365]
New York City, [352-353]
Ithaca, New York:
Naturalization court, [227]
Study, [227-254]
J
Jackson, Michigan:
Women registrants, [368]
Japanese:
Jus Sanguinis, [44]
Naturalization, [93]
Jefferson, Thomas, [75], [78]
Jenks, J. W., [343]
Jennings, R. L., [379]
Jews:
Socialist, [384], [390-391]
Vote in Cleveland, [358]
Johnson, Andrew, [78]
Johnstone, Lucy B., [325]
Judges:
Attitudes
Denials, [129-133]
Derivative voters, [315-317]
Examiners, [170-171]
Naturalization, [29], [105-107], [113], [120-123], [158-161], [174-177], [283-285], [411-412], [419]
Naturalization Ceremonies, [137-138], [423-425]
Personal equation, [147-158]
Jugoslavs:
Vote in Cleveland, [358]
Jurisdiction:
Of citizens, [64-68]
Jus Sanguinis, [42], [44-45]
Jus Solis, [42], [44-45]
K
Kalamazoo, Michigan:
Women registered, [368]
Kansas:
Immigrants
Political privileges, [5], [217]
Naturalization denial, [126]
Kentucky:
Declaration of intention cases, [97]
Naturalization denials, [126]
Kohs, S. C., [xxiii]
L
Labor:
Vote, [335-339]
Language:
Naturalization Factor, [214-215]
Lansing, Michigan:
Women registered, [368]
Laws:
Aliens, [5-7]
Blood, [42], [44-45]
Naturalization, [30], [70-88]
Amendment to, [132]
Soil, [42], [44-45]
Legal:
Rights of aliens, [5-7]
Legislation:
Immigrant suffrage, [5]
Naturalization law, [50], [69-88], [132], [144-145], [181-186], [259-261]
Letts:
Socialists, [384]
Lincoln, Abraham, [78]
Lipsky, Abram, [348], [357]
Lithuanian:
Socialist, [384]
Lowell, James Russell, [379]
Luxemburg:
Jus Sanguinis, [45]
Jus Solis, [45]
M
Madison, James, [73], [78]
Magyar:
Vote in Cleveland, [360]
Mariners:
Naturalization of, [77]
Maryland:
Naturalization laws, [73]
Massachusetts:
Naturalization denials, [126]
Naturalization law, [73]
Meeker, Jacob, [262]
Melting Pot:
Test of, [281-282]
Michigan:
Immigrants
Naturalization denials, [126]
Political privileges, [5], [217]
Middletown, Connecticut:
Naturalization court, [227]
Study, [227-254]
Military Service:
Naturalization through, [93], [255-295]
Mineola, New York:
Naturalization court, [227]
Study, [227-254].
Missouri:
Immigrants
Naturalization denials, [126]
Suffrage, [5], [217]
Moley, Raymond, [xxiii-xxiv]
Monaco:
Jus Sanguinis, [44]
Montana:
Naturalization denials, [126]
Moravian:
Naturalized, [206]
Morris, Oliver S., [397]
Munro, William Bennett, [33], [375]
Muskegon, Michigan:
Women registered, [368]
Myers, Gustavus, [23-24]
MC
McCook, J. J., [343]
McKinley, President, [77]
N
Nationality, [40]
Denial, [53-54]
National Labor Union, [402]
Naturalization:
Aid, [32]
Attitude
United States Presidents, [78]
Comparison
All foreign born, [2]
First to second papers, [218-224]
New and old immigrants, [204-217]
Court clerks, [161-167]
Declaration of intention, [98-105]
Denials, [120-137], [415]
Derivation, [302-303]
Factors, [214-224]
Educational test, [173-177]
Military service, [255-295]
Fees, [190]
Frauds, [25-30], [265-267]
Intervals, [236-243]
Law, [30], [69-88]
Operation, [89-142]
Personal equation in, [143-196]
Petitioners, [225-254]
Women, [309-311]
Process, [1], [21], [31], [199-202], [420-422]
Requirements, [83-88], [120-123], [410-412], [416]
Restriction, [92-96]
Service, [167-173], [185-189], [200], [202]
Nearing, Scott, [289]
Nebraska:
Immigrants
Political privilege, [5], [217]
Naturalization denials, [126]
Netherlands:
Right to renounce citizenship, [55]
New Brunswick, New Jersey:
Naturalization court, [227]
Study, [227-254]
New Hampshire:
Naturalization denials, [93]
New Jersey:
Naturalization cases, [92-100]
Naturalization denials, [126]
New Mexico:
Naturalization denials, [126]
New York:
Assembly, [29], [401]
Immigration commissioner, [164]
Naturalization laws, [71], [73]
New York City:
Delays in naturalization courts, [163]
Foreign-born vote, [347-354]
Merchants Association, [413]
Naturalization in, [20]
Courts, [227]
Study, [227-254],
Division offices, [89]
Nicaragua:
Naturalization treaties, [56]
Nonpartisan League, [397-401]
North Carolina:
Declaration of intention cases, [97]
Naturalization denials, [126]
North Dakota:
Immigrants
Political privilege, [5]
Norwegians:
Immigrants, [19], [25]
Jus Sanguinis, [45]
Naturalization treaties, [56]
Naturalized, [206]
Norwich, Connecticut:
Naturalization court, [227]
Study, [227-254]
O
Occupation:
Petitioners, [250-252], [434]
Oregon:
Alien suffrage, [5], [217]
Naturalization denials, [126]
Organization of Brewery Workers and Miners, [402]
Owen, Robert, [378]
P
Paterson, New Jersey:
Naturalization courts, [227]
Study, [227-254]
Pennsylvania:
Naturalization laws, [70]
Declaration of intention cases, [97]
Persia:
Jus Sanguinis, [44]
“Personal equation”
In naturalization, [143-196]
Peru:
Naturalization treaties, [56]
Petitioners:
Naturalization
Married, [247], [304]
Statistics on, [225-254], [429-434]
Types, [289-291]
Petitions:
Naturalization
Compared with declaration of intention, [218-224]
Examination of, [225-254]
Filed, [201]
Philadelphia:
Naturalization division, [89]
Piggott, F. I., [47]
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania:
Naturalization division, [89]
Pleydell, A. C., [374]
Polish:
Vote in Cleveland, [358]
Political:
Admission, [1]
Americanization, [37-39]
Clubs, [33-37]
Corruption, [2], [24-25], [341-345]
Frauds, [29]
Immigrant influence, [339-340]
Indifference, [320]
Interest
In England, [24]
Issue, [23]
Participation
Immigrants, [2-3], [21-25], [296-334], [335-376]
Parties, [21-25], [31], [354], [377], [380-391], [393]
Rights, [5]
Political society:
Roots of, [42-43]
Politicians:
Interest in humanity, [33-35]
Interest in immigrants, [31-33]
Labor vote, [335]
Population:
Foreign born, [2]
Grand Rapids, Michigan, [367]
Increase, [5]
Port Huron, Michigan:
Women registered, [368]
Portland, Oregon:
Naturalization courts, [227]
Study, [227-254]
Porto Ricans:
Naturalization, [94]
Portuguese:
Immigrants, [198]
Jus Sanguinis, [45]
Jus Solis, [45]
Naturalization treaties, [56]
Presidents of United States:
Naturalization discussion, [77-80]
Progressive, [354]
Publications:
English
Better Times, [422]
Outlook, [345]
Popular Science, [348]
German, [388]
Socialist
Appeal to Reason, [381]
Foreign language, [381]
Milwaukee Leader, [380]
National Rip-Saw, [381]
New York Call, [380]
Purdy, Milton D., [81]
R
Race:
Comparison
Old and new, [204-217]
Distribution
By age at arrival, [244-247]
By citizenship, [228-232]
By denials, [223-236]
Interval comparisons, [236-241], [243]
Naturalization restrictions, [92-96], [264-265]
Radicalism:
Movement
Foreign born, [377-409]
Registration (War), [267-273]
Republican:
German, [24-25]
Residence:
Factor
Earning power, [215-217]
Naturalization, [124-126], [126-135], [208-214]
Stability, [247-250]
Rhode Island:
Naturalization denials, [126]
Ripley, George, [379]
Robinson, Helen Ring, [326]
Rochester, New York:
Naturalization court, [227]
Study, [227-254]
Rome:
Classification of alien, [4]
Romen, A., [59]
Roosevelt, Theodore, [viii], [80]
Ross, Edward A., [212]
Rumanian:
Immigrants, [197]
Jus Sanguinis, [44]
Russians:
Expatriation rights, [54]
Immigrants, [19-20], [197], [231]
Jus Sanguinis, [45]
Jus Solis, [45]
Vote in New York City, [352-353]
S
St. Louis, Missouri:
Naturalization division offices, [89], [107]
St. Paul, Minnesota:
Naturalization division, offices, [89]
Saginaw, Michigan:
Women registrants, [368]
Sailors:
Naturalization, [77], [228]
Salvador:
Naturalization treaties, [56]
San Francisco, California:
Naturalization division offices, [89]
Scandinavian:
Immigrants, [197], [205]
Socialist, [384]
Schools, Public:
Citizenship enrollment, [321-323]
Factor in reaching women, [328-329]
Relation with Bureau of Naturalization, [204]
Scotch:
Naturalized, [206]
Seattle, Washington:
Naturalization, [227]
Court Study, [227-254]
Division, [89]
Serbian:
Jus Sanguinis, [44]
Right to renounce citizenship, [55]
Seward, William H., [25]
Sex:
Citizenship relation, [62-63]
Single Tax, [377], [393]
Skidmore, Thomas, [379]
Slavs:
Socialist, [384]
Slovaks:
Socialist, [384]
Socialism:
Definition, [379-380]
History, [401-402]
Influence, German, [387-390]
Influence, Jewish, [390-391]
Members, [381-382]
Press, [380-381]
Racial composites, [383-385]
Vote, [385-387]
War effects, [391-393]
Work with labor, [402]
Social workers, [195]
Soldiers:
Alien, [257]
Naturalization of, [5], [217]
South Carolina:
Naturalization denials, [126]
Naturalization laws, [70]
South Dakota:
Immigrants (Unnaturalized)
Political privilege, [5], [217]
Sovereigns of industry, [402]
Spanish:
Jus Sanguinis, [45]
Jus Solis, [45]
Speek, Peter A., [395]
Stokes, Elizabeth King, [xxiv]
Sturges, Merton A., [422-425]
Suffrage:
Alien, [5], [217-218]
Rights
In American colonies, [73]
Women, [303-304], [314-315]
Swedish:
Immigrants, [19], [25]
Naturalization, [205-206]
Jus Sanguinis, [45]
Jus Solis, [45]
Naturalization treaties, [56]
Switzerland:
Jus Sanguinis, [45]
Jus Solis, [45]
Right to renounce citizenship, [55]
Syria:
Naturalization of, [205]
T
Taylor, Graham, [371]
Texas:
Immigrants
Political privileges, [5], [217]
Thiesing, I. H., [59]
Thompson, F. B., [193]
Traverse City, Michigan:
Women registered, [368]
Troy, New York:
Naturalization court, [227]
Study, [227-254]
Turkey:
Expatriation rights
Denial, [54]
Jus Sanguinis, [45]
Jus Solis, [45]
U
United States Census, [288]
United States Department of War:
Report of, [256], [267-269], [271-276], [278-280], [282], [285]
United States Immigration Commission, [207-209], [211], [215-216], [220]
Uruguay:
Naturalization treaties, [55]
Utah:
Naturalization denials, [126]
V
Van Buren, Martin, [70]
Van Deusen, A. C., [81]
Vermont:
Naturalization denials, [126]
Virginia:
Naturalization laws, [71-73]
Voll, John A., [viii]
Votes:
Foreign born, [33]
Action of, [335-376]

Derivative, [302], [317-318]
Influence on politics, [2]
Socialist, [385-387]
W
Warne, Frank J., [18], [19], [20]
Wars:
Civil, [15], [20], [76]
Mexican, [16]
Revolutionary, [15]
Spanish, [16], [92]
World, [6], [13], [14], [16], [32], [40], [61], [68], [177], [195], [227], [255], [299], [354], [384], [391-393]
1812, [15], [57], [76]
Washington, D. C.:
Naturalization division, [89]
Washington, George, [73]
Waterman, T. T., [xxiii]
Weatherly, Ulysses G., [11], [13], [286]
Weiss, Andrew, [47]
Welsh:
Naturalized, [206]
Whitehouse, Visa Boardman, [325]
White Plains, New York:
Naturalization court, [227]
Study, [227-254]
Williams, Talcott, [viii]
Wilson, William B., [183]
Wisconsin:
Comparison of declaration to petitions, [223]
Naturalization denial, [126]
Wise, I. M., [375]
Witness:
Deposition, [133-135]
Incompetent, [126-133]
Women:
Citizenship, [62-63]
Foreign born
In politics, [296-334]
Registered in Michigan, [368]
Without country, [38], [63], [64]
Worcester, Massachusetts:
Naturalization court, [227]
Study, [227-254]
Working Men’s Party, [402]

THE END