The Gold Diggings of Cape Horn: A Study of Life in Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia

by John Randolph Spears

INDEX.

A
Aborigines of Cape Horn, story of, [47] et seq.
"Adobe Money" depreciated, currency of Spanish-American nations, [279]
Adventures in Patagonia, by Titus Coan, [154]
Aguirre Bay (see Spaniard Harbour).
Akers, Mr. C. E., author of Argentine, Patagonian, and Chilian Sketches, [249]
Alaculoof Indians, called Fuegians, [100];
seen by early navigators, [128];
home of, [134];
described by early navigators, [134];
story of aggressiveness of, [134] et seq.;
R. C. Mission to, [136]
Alaska, reference to colony of outlaws in, [67]
Albatross, white, seen off Staten Island, [141];
enormous specimens of, in Patagonia, [209];
eaten by early navigators, [209];
superstition of sailors concerning, [209]
Allen Gardiner (see Mission schooner).
Alluvial banks of Cape Horn region, [7]-21, [295];
beds of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, [64], [125];
cliffs of New Gulf, [171], [268]
American lion (see Panther).
Andes, break in the, in Patagonia, at Gallegos River, [125], [282];
in Tierra del Fuego, from San Sebastian to Useless Bay, [125]
Animals, found in Patagonia, [184] et seq., [194]-200;
of the desert, able to live without water, [200]
Anson, Admiral, description of land of the Yahgans by, [49]
Ansorge, Herr Bruno, gold miner at Paramo, [14];
found bit of gold ore, [22];
member of singing club, [267]
Antarctic Highlanders (see Yahgans).
Archipelago of Cape Horn, [47]
Arctic, S. S., wrecked on Cape Virgin, [6]
Arenas, Punta (see under Punta).
Argentine, Capital (see Ushuaia).
Argentine, Government sends engineer to gold region of Patagonia, [7];
establishes settlement at Ushuaia, fearing Chilian encroachment, [101] et seq., [108];
grants land to Mr. Bridges, [121];
transport Ushuaia sails for Staten Island, [138] (see Ushuaia);
generous to Welsh colonists, [174] et seq.;
depressed condition of currency of, [221];
hospitality shown on pampas of, [256];
naval transports of, [260];
great consumption of maté in, [271];
prepares Santa Cruz as base of operations, [276];
Lake, traces of gold at, [278];
land system discourages small owners, [280];
connected with other lakes by navigable channels, [280];
population on border line of, friendly to Chili, [282];
difficulty of obtaining justice in, [282]
Argentine, Patagonian, and Chilian Sketches, by Mr. C. E. Akers, [249]
Armadillo, prey of panther, [195];
two varieties of, [198];
interesting habits of, [198] et seq.;
methods of killing snakes, [199];
delicious article of food, [199];
not found south of Santa Cruz River, [199];
grubs for worms, [199];
methods of catching mice, [199];
robs nests, [199];
suggestion as to importation of, into United States, [200]
Arms, Mr., sent to Patagonia with Rev. Mr. Coan, [154]
Asado, or beef roasting, by gauchos, [229]
Asses' Ears, point of New Island, [16], [17]
Axes, of Yahgans, shell, [57]-59 (see Yahgans).
B
Baccarat, favorite game in Punta Arenas, [44]
Backhausen, Herr Carlos, gold miner at Paramo, [14]
Bala College, [169]
Banner Cove (see Picton Island).
Baptists at Frondrey, [177]
Barrancas, vertical earth banks, [21];
perpendicular alluvial banks, [295]
Bars, number of licensed, in Punta Arenas, [40]
Beagle Channel, Ushuaia in, [15];
ranch of Mr. Bridges on, [62];
milder climate of, [117];
charming scenery, [117];
profits of ranching on, [119], [122];
market for products, [120], [138]
Beech, Antarctic, trees of Fuegian Islands, [50]
Beer made at Quilmes, [244]
Bell snake, gaucho term for rattlesnake, [246]
Benfield, Mr. Theo., story of wonderful find by, [21] et seq.
Berberis, berry of thorn bush, [76];
medicinal decoction of, [134]
Big Feet, name given to Tehuelches, [173]
Birds, of Patagonia, [201]-214;
interesting to sportsmen, [206];
interesting to naturalists, [208];
in North Patagonia migrate farther south, [210];
thirteen Arctic varieties of, migrate to Patagonia, [210];
and insects, [173]
Bolas, weapons used by Ona Indians, [59];
"the lost," used by Tehuelche Indians, [164];
used in hunting panthers, [194];
how to make them, [235];
how to use them, [235];
effective weapons, [235]
Bongos, canoes of Bay of Panama, [55]
Bougainville, M., [150];
French explorer, [260]
Bows and arrows, weapons of Onas, [129], [296];
weapons of Tehuelches, [164], [296]
Brecknock Pass, [15]
Bridges, Rev. Thomas, describes Yahgan canoes, [55];
compiles grammar of Yahgan language, [62];
descriptions of Yahgan character, [66];
descriptions of Yahgan cooking, [76];
first arrival at Keppel Island, [85];
learns Yahgan language, [87];
becomes a missionary, [90];
labors among Yahgans, [91];
reports condition of Ushuaia, [93] et seq.;
method of solving Hidugalahgoon's matrimonial troubles, [94];
picture of life at the station, [97];
turns ranchman, [118];
home of, on Beagle Channel, [118];
family of, [119];
profits of ranching, [119];
how ranch was obtained, [120];
extract of lecture in Buenos Ayres, [121];
charges against, [122];
land of, belonged to Yahgans, [124];
safe journey of, through Ona country, [133]
Buenos Ayres, excitement in, over gold discoveries, [8];
Mr. Bridges lectures in, [120];
Mentions of, "the Athens of South America," 248, [252];
Ushuaia starts from, [261];
hard biscuit of, [275];
Ushuaia returns to, [299]
Bunch Grass, [178];
seed, [157];
eaten by Indians and gauchos, [238]
Burleigh, Rev. Mr., at mission station, Tekenika Bay, [104]
Button, Jemmy, a Yahgan, taken to England by Darwin, [62];
goes to Keppel Island, [85];
conduct towards his fellows, [99]
C
Cabbages, size of, at Ushuaia, [115];
grown at Punta Arenas, [289]
Cape Horn (see Horn).
Cape Virgin (see Virgin).
Canoes of Yahgans, [54]-57
Caramba, use of the word, [231]
Caranchos, species of vulture, [162];
abundant, [212];
aid panther hunters, [213]
Carmen de Patagones, Spanish colony on Rio Negro, [152];
paid tribute to natives, [152]
Cattle and sheep raising conducive to over-hospitality, [254] et seq.
Celery, wild, found in Fuego, a delicate vegetable, [49]
Centenera, Del Barco, Spanish writer, [192]
Channels, labyrinthian, of Cape Horn, [25]
Cheenah, Indian squaw, [147] et seq.
Chico River, [280]
Chili, takes possession of Port Famine and the Straits of Magallanes, [27];
renames Port Famine, [28];
depressed condition of currency of, [221];
justice to be had in, [282]
Chiloé, island of, [4]
Chisels, wooden, [59] (see Yahgans).
Chubut, Welsh colony settled at, [168];
hardships of colony at, [171] et seq.;
foes of the desert, [173];
area and population of, [177];
railroad constructed from, to New Gulf, [179], [269];
Welsh colony of, [252];
tramp element in Welsh colony of, [256]
Chubut River, [33], [168], [173]
Chwaites, II. V., Captain of the Ushuaia, [263], [285];
a fine sportsman, [288];
hunting guanacos with bolas, [288]
Clark, Mr. William, ranchman at Gallegos, [225], [256] et seq.
Climate of Cape Horn region, [23];
of Punta Arenas, [46], [91];
of land of Yahgans, [49], [53];
12° below zero the coldest, [52];
of Gallegos, peculiarity of, [286]
Coan, Rev. Mr. Titus, theological student, [154];
sent to Patagonia, [154];
experiences in, [154];
author of Adventures in Patagonia, [154];
found runaway sailors among Tehuelches, [258]
Cockburn Channel, [15], [47];
scenery of, [298]
Colonia de Magallanes, La, or Port Famine, [27];
nicknamed Sandy Point, [28] et seq.;
penal colony established at, [28];
prison burned, [33]
Colony, Welsh (see under Welsh).
Condors, size of, [212];
aids to panther hunters, [213]
Cook, Captain, describes land of the Yahgans, [49];
wild celery, [49];
sailors of, find albatross good eating, [209];
early navigator, [260]
Coots found on Chubut River, [173]
Cordilleras, wild cattle hunting in, [31];
snow-capped peaks of, [34], [224];
Gallegos River rises in, [282]
Cormorants found in Patagonia, [208]
Coypu, hunted for fur, good eating, [197];
aquatic 'possum, or species of beaver, [197];
peculiar formation of, [197]
Cripple Creek, [140]
Cruz, Santa, River (see under Santa).
Cuerpo de Bomberos, gambling club in Punta Arenas, [44]
Curios to be found in Patagonia, [43], [293]-297
Currency of Argentina and Chili, depressed condition of, [221];
value of gold and paper, [222]
D
Darwin, Sound, [15];
Mt., peak of coast range on Tierra del Fuego, [47]
Darwin, Charles, the naturalist, describes Yahgans, [62];
takes Jemmy Button to England, [62];
explores Santa Cruz River, [169];
opinion of Patagonia, [183];
misstatements concerning guanacos, [185];
mentions black-faced Ibises, [211]
Dandelions thrive in the desert, [157]
Deer, found in forests of Andes, [198];
destroy desert snakes, [198]
Denominational churches in Welsh colony, [177]
Deserts of Patagonia, [157];
inhospitable region, [157];
springs far apart, [157];
well adapted to guanacos and ostriches, [157];
foes of the, [173];
bushes of the, [183], [232];
snakes of, destroyed by deer, [198];
similar to desert regions of United States, [199];
armadilloes thrive in, [199];
animals of, able to live without water, [200];
ostrich hunting in, [204] et seq.;
silence of the, [212], [232];
fascination of, [227], [232];
sparrow of the, [232]
Desire, Port (see under Port).
Desolation Bay, [15]
Diaz, Don Rui, Spanish Captain, [192]
Dido, S. S., sent to Spaniard Harbour, [84]
Dragon fly, called "the son of the southwest gale," [246]
Ducks, uncounted hosts at Cape Horn, [75];
enormous quantities at Staten Island, [140];
near Chubut, [173];
prey of panther, [195];
curiosity of wild, [206];
shooting too easy, [206];
quantities of, in interior, [207];
favorite breeding places, [208];
curious air dance of, [212];
color and curiosity of, off Santa Cruz, [288]
Dugouts, canoes used in Caribbean Sea, [55]
E
Eggs, methods of gathering, [68];
methods of cooking, [76], [238];
panthers eat, [195]; ostrich, [202];
size of ostrich, [238]
Elephants formerly existed in Patagonia, [157]
Elizabeth Island, sheep thrive on, [31]
El Paramo (see Paramo).
Endeavor, Captain Cook's ship, [209]
Eskimos, Yahgans compared with, [49]
Extradition treaty between Chili and Argentine of little value, [286]
F
Fables of Tehuelches, [159] (see Tehuelches).
Falkland Islands, [27], [150], [222]
Famine, Port (see under Port Famine).
Farina, a ground root, [222]
Fauna of Patagonia, [68], [75], [76], [83], [140], [157], [173], [183], [184] et seq., [194] et seq., [198]-200, [206] et seq., [212], [288]
Felis Concolor (see Panther).
Ferns, [45]
Figue, Adolph and Louis, merchants at Ushuaia, [22], [115], [297]
Fish, native methods of catching, [59], [60];
sea filled with, [75], [83]
Fitzroy, Captain, [67], [73], [81]
Flints and agates abound in the Ona country, [132]
Flora of Patagonia, [11], [43], [45], [49], [50], [68], [75], [76], [83], [115], [157], [178], [183], [200], [222], [238], [289]
Flores Island, quarantine station of Uruguay, [228]
Flowers in great profusion in Punta Arenas, [45]
Fossil, mastodon's jaw, [21];
of opossum, kangaroo, and monkey, [64];
in Tierra del Fuego, [125];
of glyptodon, [201], [295]
Fox, gray, flourishes in Patagonia, [198]
"Friend of Man," gaucho term for panther, [246]
Frondrey, village of, [177]
Fruits, small, [76]
Fuegians (see Alaculoof).
Fuegian Islands, mountains of, [50]
Fuego, Tierra del, [7];
placer gold found on, [1], [7], [22];
explored by Popper, [9];
Bay of Port Pantaloons in, [17];
peaks of coast range on, [47];
magnificent vegetation of, [49];
prairies of, [124];
climate and fertility of, [124];
size and shape of island, [125];
contrast to Patagonia, [125];
bones of animals found in, [125];
rainfall and frosts of, [125];
sheep raising introduced into, [126];
the industry spreads, [127];
three Argentine stations in, [127];
origin of name, [128];
ships wrecked on, [254];
Ona Indians of, [296];
scenery through channels of, [298]
Fungus, yellow, vegetable food, [75], [157];
eaten by Indians and gauchos, [238]
Fuschias, [45]
Future Bay, near Punta Arenas, [10]
G
Gable Island, in Beagle Channel, [62];
sheep ranch of Mr. Bridges on, [118]
Gallegos, successful sheep raising in, [216];
ranchmen at, [224] et seq.;
description of ranchmen, [225];
game of cards, corn kernels for chips, [225];
ordinance against tramps in, [255];
the capital of Santa Cruz territory, [281];
location of, [281];
buildings of, like a Yankee mining camp 283;
good cattle country back of, [283];
placer gold mines along coast south of, [283];
size of the capital city, [283];
unattractive appearance of, [283];
every store a hotel, [284];
hotels compared with those of Mexico, [284];
queer boarding-house in, [284] et seq.;
Doña Philomela, the hostess, [284];
occasional arrests and trials in, [286];
government officials of, [286];
Captain of Police in, a cripple, [286];
peculiar climate of, [286];
high winds in, [286];
winter the pleasantest season, [287]
Gallegos River, [14], [16];
probably a strait in former ages, [125];
volcanic mountain peak south of, [157];
parrots found at the heads of, [213];
population between Santa Cruz River and, friendly to Chili, [282];
rises in Cordilleras near Pacific Ocean, [282];
size of, [282];
navigable, [282];
lava beds, [282] et seq.;
perfect pasture land along, [283];
lands south, filled with shepherds, [283];
lack of fuel on north side of, [283];
Captain Chwaites hunts the guanaco with bolas, [288]

Galletas, bullet-like loaves of bread, [241]
Gardiner, Captain Allen Francis, R. N., first missionary to Fuegian Indians, [80];
attempt to live among Yahgans fails, [81];
fits out launches in England and returns to Tierra del Fuego, [82]
Gauchos, or cowboys, [33];
methods of fox hunting, [198];
methods of ostrich hunting, [205];
methods of hunting prairie chickens, [208];
definition of the word, [228];
resemble Nantucket whalers, [229];
peculiar dress of, [230];
in the wilderness, [231];
reasons for becoming 233;
wild life fascinating to all men, [233] et seq.;
blankets and fur robes used by, [233], [235];
the ways and manners of, [234];
dress of, [234];
outfit of, inexpensive, [234];
weapons of, [235];
methods of fighting, [236];
wild life of, [236] et seq.;
usual breakfast of, [236] et seq.;
superb riders, [237];
method of cooking ostrich eggs, [238];
fat of panther most satisfying food, [238];
appetite of, [238] et seq.;
meat diet alone not satisfying, [238];
as seen by travellers, [239];
ways of spending money, [239];
enjoyment of "jags," 239;
pride of, [240];
dangerous to insult, [240];
etiquette of smoking, [240];
branding cattle, [241];
powers of endurance, [241];
description of house of, [242];
manner of eating, [242] et seq.;
home life of, [243];
amusements of, [243];
cheating at cards counted a mark of superior skill by, [243];
description of saloons, [244];
native drinks, [244] et seq.;
liquor glasses, [244];
etiquette of drinking, [245];
maté tea making, [245];
character of, [246] et seq.;
terms and sayings of, [246] et seq.;
religion of, [247];
compared with North American cowboys, [247] et seq.;
enjoyment of life, [248]
Geese, myriads of, [75];
prey of panther, [195];
beautiful colors of wild, [207];
two varieties of wild, [207];
good sport, [207];
favorite breeding places of, [208]
Gente Grande Bay, rich pastures of, [126];
introduction and spread of sheep raising in, [126] et seq.
Glyptodons, fossil remains of, [201]
Gold, first discoveries of, on Patagonian coast, [1]-5;
sailors wrecked at Cape Virgin, [4];
story of, [5];
bearing banks of Cape Horn region, [7];
rich finds of, at New Island, [16] et seq.;
at Port Pantaloons, [17];
marvellous quality of, at Sloggett Bay, [20];
peculiar difficulties of mining in Sloggett Bay, [21];
on New Year's Island, [150];
found in Welsh colony, [178];
traces of, at Lake Argentine, [278]
Gold diggings, story of, [2]-4, [7];
at Cape Virgin worked out, [10];
further explorations, [10];
at Paramo, richness of, [12] et seq.;
supply renewed after storms and spring tides, [13];
ore found in a bit of drift rock, [22];
no quartz veins in Cape Horn region, [22];
miners at work between Gallegos and Cape Virgin, [283];
dust obtained at Punta Arenas and Ushuaia, [297]
Gnats (see Punkies).
Grand Chaco forests of the Argentine, [228]
Greenwood, Mr. W. H., [193]
Grey, Mr. H., Yankee merchant, [30]
Grubb, Mr. W. Balbrooke, school teacher at Keppel Island, [88]
Guanaco, hunted, [31];
red-haired, [51];
modified camel, [64], [75];
how hunted by Onas, [129];
first view of, [184];
habits of, [184];
description of, [184] et seq.;
Darwin's observations of, [185], [186];
curious habits of, [185], [186], [189];
wallowing places of, [187];
methods of self-defence, [187];
vast herds of, [188];
sense of smell and curiosity of, [188], [195];
sure footed, [189];
pleasing pets when young, [189];
flesh good eating, [190];
mainstay of Indian, [190];
hides valuable, [190];
price of skins of, [190];
medicinal quality of ball in stomach of, [190];
the staple food of panther, [195];
beautiful fur of, [293];
skins used for beds, [294];
price of skins of, [294]
Gulf of St. George, [293]
Gulls of Cape Horn, [75];
tiny species off Staten Island, [141];
called Cape Horn pigeon, [208]
Guy Mannering wrecked off Staten Island, [144]
H
Hamilton, James, D.D., Memoir of Richard Williams, by, [84];
John, [215];
sheep raiser in Patagonia, [280]
Hansen, Harry, gold prospector, [15]
Hermit Island, gold-bearing banks on, [7];
a few Yahgans left on, [72], [78]
Hidugalahgoon, matrimonial difficulties of, [94]
Hope, Point, in Alaska, [77]
Horn, Cape, gold-bearing banks on, [7];
first view of mine camp at, [9];
miners of, [24];
labyrinthian channels of region of, [25];
metropolis of, [27];
archipelago, [47];
story of aborigines of, [47] et seq.;
mission, [79];
region, snow storms every month in the year, [91], [125];
pigeons, species of gull, [208];
beauty of pigeons, [209];
Indians of, eat penguins, [209]
Horse meat, great delicacy to Onas and Tehuelches, [129]
Hospitality, unbounded, in the Argentine pampas and Patagonia ranches, [256]
Hudson, Mr. W. H., author of Naturalist in La Plata,186
Hummingbirds, [214]
I
Ibañez (Gregorio), Don, Argentine sailor, wrecked on Cape Virgin, [4];
finds gold, [5]
Ibises, black-faced, song and dance of, [211] et seq.
Indians, attack explorers at San Sebastian Bay, [11];
trade with, [43];
squaw in tailor-made gown, [44];
three tribes of, in Cape Horn Archipelago, [74] et seq.;
nomads of Patagonia (see Tehuelche), [151] et seq.;
make use of all parts of guanacos, [190];
of Patagonia eat skunks, [198];
make pets of skunks, [198];
of Cape Horn region eat penguins, [209];
vegetable food of, [238]
Insects, varieties of, [173], [183]
Iron ore found on one island only, [76]
J
Jones, Mr. Lewis, [169]
Jones, Dr. Michael, founder of Welsh colony at Chubut, [169];
wishes to perpetuate Welsh language, [181];
Spanish the language of the Argentine, [182]
Journey, alongshore in Cape Horn region, [15];
begun, [260] et seq.;
departure from Buenos Ayres, [261];
life on board Ushuaia, [261]-268;
prevailing winds, [268];
arrival at New Gulf, [268];
attractive telegraph operator, [269];
en route for Port Desire, [269];
captain's confidence, [270];
view of Port Desire disappointing, [270];
description of Port Desire, [271];
visit to the Sub-Prefect, [273];
dinner with a ranchman, [275];
arrival at Santa Cruz, [276];
town consists of nine buildings, [277];
plan of city, [278];
arrival at Gallegos, [281];
unattractiveness of Gallegos, [283] et seq.;
one clean hotel, [284];
introduced to Gov. Mayer, [285];
discomforts on the Ushuaia, [288]-291;
interesting curios to be collected, [293]-297;
return to Buenos Ayres, [299];
pleasant memories of, [300];
(see also under Staten Island).
K
Kangaroo, petrified remains of, [64], [157]
Kayaks, canoes of Eskimos, [55]
Keppel Island, mission station established on, [85];
preparatory school of the mission, [87]
Kevalinyes, the, of Point Hope, [67]
King, Mr., describes magnificent vegetation in land of Yahgans, [49]
Knives, weapons of Tehuelches, [164];
price of, used by gauchos, [235];
useful at meal times, [242];
murderous weapons, [248];
size of, [275]
L
Lagoons of Rio Gallegos, [211]
Lake Nehuel-Huapi, [164]
Land of Yahgans, [49]-52
Lapwings, spurwinged, dance quadrilles, [210];
description of the dancing, [210] et seq.
Lassoes, used by Tehuelches and gauchos, [164];
description of, horsehair rope, [235]
Lava beds at Santa Cruz, [217]
Lawrence, Rev. John, Yahgan canoes described by, [55], [78];
children of, continue mission work, [104] et seq.
Le Maire, Straits of, [15];
Ushuaia in, [138];
strong currents, and tide rips in, [139]
Lennox Island, gold-bearing banks on, [7];
same formation of bank and beach as at Cape Virgin, [16];
harbour, [85]
Lezama, Don Gregorio, organizes expedition to gold diggings, [8]
Lichens, [45]
Lignite, found in Punta Arenas, [42];
found in Welsh colony, [178]
Lista, Don Ramon, Argentine explorer and writer, [4], [120];
collects Tehuelche tales, [159]
Literati of Yahgan tribe, [65]
Locusts, pests of the desert, [173]
Lucia, Stephen, [94]
M
Madryn, Welsh town in Patagonia, [180];
on New Gulf, [251];
captain of the port of, [251]
Magellan's search for shorter route to Spice Islands, [2];
visited St. Julian Harbor in Patagonia, [151], [260]
Magellan, Straits of, placer gold in streams flowing into, [22];
bleak pictures of, given by early navigators, [34];
Cape Horn Archipelago south of, [47];
Chilian possessions in, [276];
narrows in, [297]
Magnolia trees, size of, in Fuegian Islands, [50]
Maidment, Mr., catechist, [82]
Maldonada, Señorita, story of, and panther, [192]
Mammals, [83]
"Mañana country," Spanish American nations so called, [279]
Manufacturing industries of Punta Arenas, [42]
Maria, Santa (see under Santa).
Marriages of Yahgans (see Yahgans).
Marshall, storekeeper at Chubut, [178]
Maté, wild tea of Paraguay, [237];
drinking, [245] et seq. (see Gaucho);
great consumption of, in Argentine, [271];
meat and drink to Patagonians, [272]
Mayer, Edelmiro, Governor of Patagonian territory of Santa Cruz, [215];
large land owners along Santa Cruz and Chico rivers, [280];
Governor of Gallegos, [285];
description of home of, [285];
devoted to music and literature, [285];
wife of, [286];
commanded a negro regiment in War of the Rebellion, [286];
helped Mexicans overthrow Maximilian, [286]
Mesa, plains of Patagonia, [183], [187]
Meteorological condition of islands, [51]
Methodists at Rawson, [177]
Minas, Las, creek near Punta Arenas, [4];
gold found in large quantity, [5];
enormous nuggets, [6]
Mine camps at Paramo and Ushuaia small affairs, [23], [24]
Miners of Cape Horn, headquarters of, at Punta Arenas, [24];
cost of outfit of, [24].
Misery, Mount, on Navarin Island, [51]
Mission school at Keppel Island, [89];
first station of Cape Horn, [79];
on Beagle Channel, [89], [100];
growth of, [100] et seq.
Mission, schooner, Allen Gardiner, [89];
built in England, [85];
commanded by Capt. W. P. Snow, [85];
steamship to replace schooner, [100];
Roman Catholic, established near San Sebastian Bay, [133];
in country of the Alaculoofs, [136]
Missionaries, to Yahgans, spiritual teachings of, [66], [71], [99];
land at Picton Island, [82];
miserable death of, [85];
second party of, arrive at Keppel Island, [85];
some murdered by Yahgans, [86];
are reinforced, [87] et seq.;
station at Ushuaia founded, [89];
Mr. Bridges in charge, [90] et seq.;
material teachings of, [90]-98;
extracts from records of, [93]-100, [102], [103];
natives receive scant pay from, [95] et seq.;
unhappy transformation of tribe into laborers, [101] et seq.;
tribe dies out, [105];
Mr. Bridges turns ranchman, [118] et seq.;
sell clothing sent to be given to Indians, [122];
opportunities for trade, [123];
reasons for so doing, [123];
salaries of, [123]
Missiones, [229]
Mojave, desert of, [23]
Monkeys, fossil remains of, [64].
Morrell, Captain Benjamin, tales of aborigines by, [153] et seq.
Mosquitoes numerous in Patagonia, [173], [183]
Mount Misery (see Misery).
Mount Sarmiento (see Sarmiento).
Mountains, snow-capped, [23];
possible gold veins in, [23];
difficulties of ascent of, [23];
precipitous, of Fuegian Islands, [50];
covered with forests of beech and magnolias, [50];
sea mosses above tree line, [51];
eternal snows, [51]
Mouse, prey of panther, [195]
Mouse-bird (see desert sparrow).
Musters, George Chaworth, Commander, [4]
N
Naturalist in La Plata, by Mr. W. H. Hudson, [186]
Navarin Island, gold-bearing banks on, [7];
rolling hills, meadows and groves on, [51];
murder of some of the missionaries on, [86];
climate near, [117]
Negro, Rio, Spanish colony, [152] (see Carmen de Patagones);
parrots found in region of, [213];
valley and ranches of, [250], [254], [256]
Nehuel-Huapi, Lake, apple orchards on, [164]
New Gulf, in Patagonia, Welsh land at, [170];
plenty of gypsum at, [172];
first view of Patagonian tramp at Madryn on, [251];
Ushuaia arrives at, [268];
first view of, [268];
attractive telegraph operator in, [269]
New Island, gold-bearing banks on, [7];
extraordinary finds at, [16] et seq.
New Year's Island, north of Staten Island, [18], [140];
gold on, [148], [150]
Nomads of Patagonia, the Tehuelches, [151] et seq.
Nugget weighing 300 grammes found at Las Minas, [6]
O
Ocean Queen, S. S., [82]
Ona Indians, of Tierra del Fuego, [59];
weapons and implements of, [59], [60];
efforts to civilize and teach them sheep raising, [126];
flock to ranch, but steal sheep at night, [126];
a distinct race, [127];
children used as servants in Argentine Government families, [127];
cause of name Tierra del Fuego, [128];
land tribe, [128];
slight mention of, by early explorers, [128];
same origin as Tehuelches, [129];
fine runners, [129];
have no boats, but are found in Patagonia, [129];
have no horses, [129];
weapons of, [129];
language of, harsh, [129], [132];
food of, [129];
methods of hunting, [129];
homes of, [130];
no lack of intelligence, [130];
migratory habits, [130];
beard plucking, [131];
personal appearance of, [131];
habits of, [131];
capacity for food, [131] et seq.;
methods of lighting fires, [132];
making of weapons, [132];
religious beliefs of, unknown, [132];
cruelty of, towards whites, [132];
cannibals, [133];
medicinal remedy discovered by, [134];
glass arrow-heads of, [296];
frequent fights with shepherds and gold diggers of Tierra del Fuego, [296]
Oomiaks, canoes of Eskimos, [55]
Opossum, fossil remains of, [64];
thrives in treeless Patagonia, [196];
does not lose climbing instinct, [196];
family of, transported to a plantation with trees, [196];
different species of, [197]
Ostriches, fossil remains of, [64], [201];
desert peculiarly adapted to, [157];
prey of panther, [195];
foes of, [201];

two kinds of, in Patagonia, [201];
angular gait of, [201];
not such fools as reported, [202];
hiding their heads in the sand a real safeguard, [202];
color of sand and desert bushes, [203];
reasons for survival of, [202];
flies and grasshoppers the food of, [202];
nest built by male, [202];
brood cared for by male, [202];
danger signal of male, [202];
learn habits of their hunters, [203];
easily domesticated, [204];
will flock to a place of safety from great distances, [204];
hunting, glorious sport, [204];
appearance of different varieties when pursued, [204] et seq.;
will run from a gun two miles away, [204];
savage traits of the cocks, [204];
Indian method of capturing, [205];
appearance of white one at Carmen de Patagones, [206];
taken with the bolas, [205];
eggs and flesh of, good eating, [206];
value of feathers of, [239]
Otten, Fred, [6]
Otters found at Cape Horn, [75]
Outlaws, colony of, on Siberian coast, [67]
P
Panther, also called American lion, [173];
description of, [190] et seq.;
characteristics of, [191] et seq.;
story of a, [191] et seq.;
hunting, [193];
war of extermination against, [193];
habits of, when pursued, [193]; et seq.;
how eaten in Patagonia, [194];
hunting habits of the, [194];
food of, [195];
wiliness of, [195];
wanton destructiveness of, [195];
instinctive dislike to dogs, [196];
charming household pet, [196];
fat most satisfying food of the desert, [238]
Paramo, El, meaning of name, [9];
founded by Popper, [9];
first mine camp established at, [9];
arrival of supplies for camp at, [11];
description of camp, [12];
grassy plains and treeless hills, [12];
richness of gold bed on beach at, [12] et seq.;
gold bed renewed by storms, [13];
methods of washing gold, [14];
land in, controlled by German-Argentine corporation, [14];
Argentine military station, [127]
Parrots, fossil remains of, [157];
found in forests of Andes, [213]
Partridge, prey of panther, [190]
Patagonia, [2];
description of, [5];
engineer sent to, by Argentine Government, [7];
thousand miles of gold vein on coast of, [15];
nomads of, [151] et seq.;
desert east of Andes, [152];
Jesuits plant apples in, [152];
Spanish colonies attempted, [152];
Mr. Coan and Mr. Arms in, [154];
condition of, in 1865, [169];
grant of land in, to Welsh, [169];
Welsh pilgrims land at New Gulf, [169] et seq.;
winter season in, [170];
dreary surroundings of Welsh colonists in, [170] et seq.;
gypsum and alkali, [171];
Welsh colonists make homes, [172];
"Big Feet," 173 (see Tehuelches);
transportation difficult, [179];
railway constructed, [179];
new towns, [179];
railway prospered, [180];
railway building not expensive, [181];
zoölogy of, [183];
natives of, consume fat like Eskimos, [194];
panther an esteemed article of diet in, [194];
home of panthers and 'possums, [196];
interesting characteristics of zoölogy of, [200];
resembles desert regions of United States, [200];
varieties of animals found in, [194]-200;
desert animals of, able to live without water, [200];
birds of, [201] et seq.;
birds interesting to sportsmen, [206] et seq.;
birds interesting to naturalists, [208] et seq.;
thirteen Arctic varieties of birds migrate to, [210];
birds of north, migrate farther south, [210];
silence of desert, [212];
sheep raising successful in, [216];
stories of successful ranchmen in, [216];
well watered, [219];
description of a ranch in, [222];
ranchmen of, [226];
extent of prairie and desert region in, [228];
description of prairies and deserts, [232];
wild horses of the plains of, [236];
tramps in, [250];
trackless deserts of, [250];
hospitality in ranches of, [256];
astonishing number of tramps in, [259];
natives of, prefer maté to all else, [272];
Santa Cruz the planned metropolis of, [278];
Gallegos the capital of, [279];
settlements small, but slow healthy growth, in, [287];
healthful region, [287];
most valuable product of native industry, [293];
squaws make guanaco skin robes, [294];
weave guanaco hair into blankets, [294];
scenery along coast of, [297];
fascination of the desert, [297]
Penguins, numerous, [75];
rapid movements of, [141];
fly through water, [209];
not eaten by Patagonians, [209];
eagerly pursued by Cape Horn Indians, [209]
Phillips, Mr. Garland, catechist, [85], [86]
Philomena, Doña, boarding-house keeper in Gallegos, [284]
Picton Island, missionaries landed at Banner Cove in, [82];
story of failure to establish mission on, [82] et seq.;
death of missionaries, [84];
relief ship arrives at, [84]
Pigeons, Cape Horn, species of gull, [141];
description of, [208] et seq.
Placer gold diggings on Patagonian coast, [3];
gold found in all the streams of Tierra del Fuego, [22];
gold mines along coast south of Gallegos, [283]
Plate River, [228], [261], [290]
Poco Tiempo, land of Spanish-American nations, [279]
Point Hope, in Alaska, [67]
Poncho, Indian blanket worn by gauchos, [234];
woven by Indian squaws, [294];
not equal in beauty to work of Indians of Guatemala, [294];
used for wraps and saddle blankets, [294]
Popper, Herr Julius, founder of El Paramo, [9];
murder of, [10];
describes Punta Arenas, [46];
finds gold in San Sebastian Bay, [120]
Port Desire, on Patagonian coast, [27];
Spanish colony, [152];
volcanic bluffs at, [157];
discovered by Cavendish, [169];
ibises of, [211];
condors of, [212];
ancient resort of pirates, [269];
view of, disappointing, [270];
Tower Rock, [270];
description of, [271];
life in, [271] et seq.;
no lack of food in, [271];
luxuries depend upon visits of transports, [271] et seq.;
story of sub-prefect of, [272];
story of Lieut. Wilson's servant, [273];
life of naval officers in, [273];
ruins of Spanish fort in, [274];
visit to home of a ranchman, [274];
interesting dinner, [275]
Port Famine, ancient port, [27];
Chili took possession of, [27];
penal colony of Chili, [28];
buildings of, destroyed by convicts, [28];
colony re-established farther north, [28]
Port Pantaloons, Bay of, on Tierra del Fuego, [17];
description of scenery at, [17];
gold found at, [17]
Port St. Julian, Spanish colony, [152]
Potatoes, at Ushuaia, [115];
at Punta Arenas, [289]
Potro boots, worn by gauchos, [234]
Prairie chickens, easily unnerved by noise, [208];
simulate death, [208];
often frightened to death, [208];
two varieties of, [208];
good shooting and eating, [208];
home of, [208]
Prairie dog, prey of panther, [196]
Prospectors, gold, difficulties of, [15], [23];
model of sloop of, [24];
food supply of, [25];
long absences of, [25]
Puchero, beef stew, on the Ushuaia, [262]
Puerta San Juan del Salvamiento (see St. John Bay), [143]
Puma, foe of the ostrich, [201]
Punkies, gnats, [183]
Punta Arenas, or Sandy Point, [2];
Commander Musters stops at, [4];
Don Ramon Lista visits, [4];
inhabitants excited by gold discoveries, [6];
supply station for sealing schooners, [7];
headquarters of gold miners, [24];
story of foundation of, [27] et seq.;
development of colony of, [29] et seq.;
elements of growth, [30];
industry of sheep raising begun, [31];
mutiny in, [32] et seq.;
miserable end of mutineers, [33];
latitude of, [33];
arrival of Ushuaia at, [33];
appearance of, in May, [33], [34];
description of town, [34] et seq.;
gambling and dance houses, [36] et seq.;
government of Chili nominally republican, but ruled by army, [39], [40];
bars in, [40];
description of women in, [40];
sidewalks in, [40];
Governor's residence, [41];
scenery about, [41];
coal discovered in, [42];
brick making in, [42];
possibilities of, [43];
region rich in tan bark, [43];
trade with Indians, [43];
goods delivered by sailboats, [43];
Indian squaws make rugs, baskets, etc., in, [44];
Cuerpo de Bomberos gambling club in, [44];
profusion of flowers in, [45];
population of, [45];
future prosperity of, [46];
profits of sheep raising in, [219];
fate of escaped convicts from, [213];
tramps from, [254];
vegetables grown in, [282], [289];
price of guanaco-skin robes in, [293];
curios to be found at, [295] et seq.;
gold dust obtained at, [297];
scenery south of, [298]
Q
Quillango, fur robe, [233];
worn by gauchos, [235]
Quilmes, near Buenos Ayres, [244]
R
Railroad from New Gulf to Chubut, [179], [180], [269]
Rails, song and dance of the long-legged, [211]
Ranch, on Beagle Channel, [117];
dinner at, at Santa Cruz, [223]
Ranchman, marriage of, to Tehuelche girl, [224];
divorce, [224];
income of, [226];
restraints of civilization unbearable to, after wild life of the deserts, [226]
Rawson, capital, [172], [177]
Records of missionary life and training at Keppel, [87] et seq.
Religion of Yahgans, [70] et seq.
Reynard, Mr. H. L., introduces sheep raising into Punta Arenas, [31]
Rio Gallegos (see Gallegos).
Rio Grande do Sul, in Brazil, [228]
Rio Negro, Spanish colony (see Carmen de Patagones).
Rio Santa Cruz (see Santa Cruz).
Roca's expeditions against Tehuelches, [156], [276]
Roedorn, Count Richard of, passenger on Ushuaia, [267]
Rufous (see Prairie chicken).
Rugs of otter, seal, and swan's down, [296]
Rum cheap in the Argentine, [244]
S
Sagebrush and swamps found at San Sebastian Bay, [11]
St. George, Gulf of, [293]
St. John Bay, [15];
Harbor, [138];
Cape of, [139];
description of tide rip at entrance of, [142];
Government post established in 1884, [143];
Government post of Staten Island to support lighthouse, [143];
governor's residence, [144] et seq.;
description of lighthouse, [146];
story of runaway sailor boy, [146]-148
St. Julian harbor, [151]
St. Lawrence Bay, [67]
Salt fields on Rio Negro, [152], [157]
Sandy Point (see Punta Arenas)
San Sebastian Bay, placer gold found at, [10];
gold seekers attacked by Indians, [11];
no running water near gold layers, [11];
gold found by Popper, [120];
break in Andes at, [125]
Santa Cruz, guanaco cemetery at, [186];
Gallegos, capital of territory of, [215];
amount of profitable land in, [217];
amount of worthless land in, [217];
price of sheep in, [218];
800,000 sheep in, [287];
future prosperity of, [287];
fine sheep ranch near city of, [222];
description of house on sheep ranch near, [223];
passengers to, [262];
Ushuaia arrives at, [276];
Weddell's Bluff, [276];
presidio, or barracks, [276];
to be used as base of operations in case of trouble with Chili, [276];
profitable sheep raising in, [276];
town consisted of nine buildings, [277];
deserted missionary church in, [277];
plan of prospective city, [278];
price of land at, [278];
enormous shipments of wool from, [278];
good pasture land in, [278];
traces of gold at Lake Argentine, [278];
enterprising land "boomer" of, [279];
natural advantages of, [279];
probable gold mines in Andes, [279];
fine timber land near, [279] et seq.;
lack of good drinking water, [281];
method of drawing water from wells with horse and lasso, [281]
Santa Cruz River, [32];
explored by Darwin, [169];
impassable barrier to armadilloes, [199];
tramp at, [253];
navigable throughout its course, [279];
owners of water front control all the range back, [280];
Gov. Mayer large land owner on, [280];
tide rises over forty feet at mouth of, [281]
Santa Maria River, gold found at, [10]
Sarmiento, reference to, [3];
starving colony, [34], [80];
Pedro, [169]
Sarmiento Mount, [25];
snow capped peaks of, [41];
peak of coast range on Tierra del Fuego, [47]
Saunders, James, [215];
sheep raiser in Patagonia, [280]
Scenery, of Punta Arenas like Adirondacks, [34], [41];
along Patagonia coast, [297], [299]
Sea fowl, methods of gathering eggs of, [68]
Sea mosses above tree line on mountains of Fuegian islands, [51]
Seals, fur and hair, in Cape Horn region, [75]
Seaweed, uses of, [68];
varieties of, [295]
Serpents easily destroyed by panther, [196]
Sheep, long-wooled variety in favor, [219];
diseases of, [220];
800,000 in Santa Cruz territory, [287].
Sheep raising, a productive industry in Patagonia, [215];
profits for one year, [216];
success in, at Gallegos, [216];
profitable to the individual, [217];
amount of capital needed for, [218],
expenses of, [218], [220];
care of lambs, [219];
profits of, in Punta Arenas, [219];
average pounds of wool per sheep, [220];
as compared with Argentine and United States, [220];
havoc made by foxes and wild-cats, [220];
conservative estimate of profits of, [221];
compared with cattle business in the United States, [221];
wool sold for gold, [222];
ranchmen paid in paper, [222]
Sheep ranch, established on Keppel Island, [85];
description of, at Santa Cruz, [222]
Shells, curious, [295];
antediluvian oyster, [295];
mussel, [295]
Shellfish, [59], [76], [83], [295]
Skees, Norwegian, [149]
Skunks, made pets by Indians, [198];
eaten by Indians, [198]
Skyring Water near Punta Arenas, [282]
Slings, Yahgans expert in use of, [59], [60]
Sloggett Bay, rich in nugget gold, [18];
story of one expedition to, [19];
peculiar difficulties of mining in, [20] et seq.
Sloop of prospectors, [24]
Snakes of desert destroyed by deer, [198]
Snow, Captain W. Parker, commander of mission ship, [85];
establishes mission on Keppel Island, [85]
Snow storms every month in Cape Horn region, [91]
"Son of the southwest gale," gaucho term for dragon fly, [246]
Spaniard Harbour, or Aguirre Bay, [84]
Spanish-American nations, lack of enterprise among, [279];
Argentine an exception, [279];
"adobe money" of, [279]
Sparrow, desert, [232];
description of, [232]
Spears used by Yahgans, [58];
by Tehuelches, [164]
Spider of the hot pampas attacks man, [246]
Springs one hundred miles apart in Patagonian desert, [157]
Squash the favorite vegetable of Argentine ranchmen,

[271]
Squirrel, prairie, food of Onas, [129]
Staten Island of Cape Horn, [15], [137];
similarity of ridges of, to Rocky Mountains, [139];
end of backbone of Western Hemisphere, [139];
Ushuaia bound for Antarctic, [138];
view of, [139], [140];
mountain ridge 2,000 to 3,000 feet high, [140];
vegetation of mountains, [140];
varied and interesting forms of bird-life off, [141];
terrific seas and tide rips in, [142];
Government post at St. John Harbor, [142];
St. John Bay, [143];
lighthouse of St. John's Cape, [143]-146;
story of runaway sailor boy, [146] et seq.;
peculiar formation of the island, [148];
bays of, filling with sand, [148];
interior of, almost impassable, [149];
supply of wood, [150];
climate, [150];
gold on New Year's Island, [150]
Steubenrach, Mr., British Consular agent, [126];
introduces sheep raising on Fuegian prairies, [126];
places missionary in charge of ranch, [126]
Stirling, Rev. W. H., missionary to Keppel, [87];
Bishop of South America, takes up residence on mainland, [89];
ordained Bishop of Falkland Islands, [90];
safe journey through Ona country, [133]
Story-tellers, skilful, among Yahgan tribe, [65]
Straits of Magellan (see Magellan).
Straits of Le Maire (see Le Maire).
Swans, myriads of in Cape Horn region, [75];
black and white, [207];
good eating, [208];
favorite breeding places, [208]
T
Tan bark in Punta Arenas, [43]
Tea, Paraguay (see Maté).
Tehuelches, half-breed squaw in tailor-made gown, [44];
Indian tribe of Patagonia, [128];
same origin as Onas, [129];
have no boats, [129];
consider horse meat a delicacy, [129];
liquid language of, [132];
make tents of skins, [130], [165];
are nomads, [151];
a noble race, [151];
visited by Magellan, [151];
exact tribute from Spanish colony, [152] et seq.;
obtain horses, [152];
character of, [152];
chief demanding tribute in Carmen de Patagones, [153];
story of efforts to convert, [153] et seq.;
receive missionaries kindly, [154];
maintain independence for 360 years, [155];
war of extermination against, [155];
prisoners tortured by whites, [156];
home region of, [156];
alluvial soil, [157];
salt lakes and beds, [157];
volcanic rocks, [157];
physical proportions of, [157] et seq.;
prodigious strength, [158];
personal appearance, [158];
attractive women, [158];
habit of gum chewing, [159];
population before and after war of extermination, [159];
mental qualities of, [159];
literature of, [159];
fables of, [159] et seq.;
religious beliefs of, [160] et seq.;
religious rites of, [161];
medicine men and women, [161];
superstitions of, [161] et seq.;
musical instruments of, [162];
division of time, [162];
astronomy of, [162];
government, [162];
ceremonies of marriage and divorce, [163];
happy home life of, [163];
cider festivals 164;
love of liquor chief vice, [164];
apple orchards of, [164];
weapons of, [164];
use of guns and pistols, [164];
methods of hunting game, [164] et seq.;
modesty of, [165];
morality of, [165];
corrupted by whites, [165] et seq.;
methods of cooking, [166];
habits of cleanliness among, [166];
food of, [166], [167];
characteristics of, [167];
meaning of name, [173];
help Welsh colonists, [173];
chief's dying remark, [175];
blankets made by squaws, [234] et seq.;
beguiled sailors to desert, [257] et seq.;
made slaves of them, [258];
story of baby found by Lieut. Wilson, [273];
glass arrow-heads made by, [296]
Tekenika Bay, [104]
Teresina B., story of dismantled sloop named, [134] et seq.
Thetis Bay, Argentine military station, [127]
Tierra del Fuego (see under Fuego).
Tinamon, spotted (see Prairie chicken).
Tower Rock (see Port Desire).
Tramps, of Patagonia, [250];
first view of, at Madryn, [251];
story of mysterious, at Madryn, [251] et seq.;
from Sandy Point, [253] et seq.;
causes of development of, [254], [256];
ordinance against, at Gallegos, [255];
in Chubut, [256];
sailors beguiled by Indians to desert, [257];
hardships of, among Indians, [258];
number of, compared with those in the United States, [259]
Transport, trip on Argentine (see Ushuaia).
Tropical luxuriance of growth in Tierra del Fuego, [23]
Turner, L. M., on Eskimo language, [63]
Turnips, size of, at Tierra del Fuego, [115];
grown at Punta Arenas, [289]
U
Uruguay, quarantine station of, [228] (see Flores Island).
Useless Bay, on Tierra del Fuego, [10], [125]
Ushuaia, capital of Argentine Tierra del Fuego, [15], [79], [261];
mining camp, [24];
coldest spot of the region, [52];
location of, on Tierra del Fuego, [79];
first missionary station at, [89];
near Chili line, [101];
military post established at, [102];
a remarkable capital, [107];
sub-prefectura, [108];
good harbor, [109];
first view of, [109];
description of the capital, [110];
latitude of, [111];
lack of sunshine in, [111];
inhabitants of, [112];
life in, [113] et seq.;
size of vegetables in, [115];
good pasturage in, [115];
Figue, storekeeper at, [115], [297];
work done by Yahgans, [116];
severe climate, [116];
life dull in, [117];
curios to be found at, [295] et seq.;
gold dust obtained at, [297]
Ushuaia, Argentine naval transport, voyage on, [9];
in dangerous waters, [15];
arrives at Punta Arenas, [33];
voyage continued, [117];
bound for Antarctic Staten Island, able sea boat, [139], [264];
view of Staten Island from, [140];
anchors in St. John Bay, [143];
sails from Buenos Ayres, [261];
description of, [261] et seq.;
life on board, [261]-268;
first meal on board, [262];
dish-washing on board, [262];
captain of, [263];
amusing discomforts on board, [265] et seq.;
"Ta-ra-ra-boom-de-ay" in four languages, [267];
encounters head winds and seas, [268];
arrives at New Gulf, [268];
a slow tub, [268];
card playing on board of, [268];
betting, [268];
arrives at Port Desire, [270];
arrives at Santa Cruz, [276];
arrives at Gallegos, [281];
captain a fine sportsman, [288];
ducks thick off Santa Cruz, [288];
table not beyond criticism, [288];
variety of fish and game courses, [288];
lack of fresh vegetables, [289];
serious discomforts on board of, [288]-291;
a novel mixed drink, [292];
returns to Buenos Ayres, [299]
Ushuaia Bay, description of, [90]
V
Valley of the Missionaries, near Santa Cruz, [277]
Vegetable food native to Cape Horn region, [49], [75], [115], [157], [178], [238], [289]
Vendettas among Yahgan tribe, [67] et seq.
Vincent, Mr. Frank, remarks upon Punta Arenas, [46]
Virgin, Cape, wreck of Argentine sailors on, [4];
wreck of S. S. Arctic on, [6], [10];
gold supply renewed after storms at, [13], [283]
Viscacha Lagostomus Trichodactylus (see Prairie dog).
Vocabulary of Yahgans, [63]
Volcanic bluffs at Port Desire, [157];
volcanic peaks, range of, south of Rio Gallegos, [157]
W
Wallis, Capt. Samuel, early navigator, [43], [260]
Weasels, malignant faces of, [197];
larger than United States variety, [197];
travel in packs, [197]
Weddell's Bluff (see Santa Cruz).
Wells, Ensign Roger, U. S. N., [62];
prepared Eskimo-English vocabulary, [63]
Welsh settlement at Chubut, [33], [168];
cause of founding colony, [168] et seq.;
pilgrims, landing of, [169];
obtains grant of land in Patagonia, [169];
great sufferings of, [171];
alkali water, [171];
gypsum, [171];
lay out capital city, named Rawson, [172];
make friends with Tehuelches, [173];
foes of the desert, [173];
provisions supplied by Argentine Government, [173];
hardships of, [173] et seq.;
succeeds at last, [175] et seq.;
wheat and barley crops, [176];
denominational churches of, [177];
no physicians in, [178];
prospectors for gold, [178];
lignite and quartz workings, [178];
import sheep, [178];
profit in sheep raising, [179];
colony sixty miles long, [252]
Whaits, Mr. R., mission carpenter, [88]
Whale Sound, [15]
Whales abounded in Cape Horn waters, [75]
Wheelright, Mr. William, founder of Pacific Steam Navigation Co., [29]
"Wild mirth of the desert," gaucho term for ostrich hunting, [246]
Williams, Mr. Richard, catechist and surgeon, [82]
Willis, Captain, of mission schooner, [123]
"Williwaws," whirling squalls, [299]
Wilson, Don Juan, sub-prefect of Port Desire, [272];
story of, [272] et seq.;
story of his servant, [273]
Winds, high, in Tierra del Fuego, [15], [23], [51], [138], [235], [298]
Wollaston Island, gold-bearing banks on, [7], [48], [87]
Y
Yahgans, or Antarctic Highlanders, Indian tribe described by Darwin, [48] et seq.;
compared with Eskimos, [49];
without clothing or shelter, [49];
description of, [50];
homes of, [52];
dress of, [53];
habits of, [54];
canoes of, [54];
dimensions of canoes, [55];
method of building canoes, [56];
weapons of, [57];
implements of, [57] et seq.;
methods of fishing and extracting oil, [59]-61;
utensils of, [61];
language of, [62];
vocabulary, [63];
remarkable mental development, [63];
origin of, [64];
country of, explored, [64];
language of, melodious, [64], [132];
government of, [66];
treatment of squaws, [64];
native politeness of, [65];
skilful story-tellers, [65];
poets, novelists, and historians, [65];
clever talkers, [66];
abundance of food, [66], [75];
songs and dances of, [66];
abundant leisure, [66];
lax notions about property, [67];
vendettas of, [67] et seq.;
crimes of, [69];
favorite modes of revenge, [68];
marriages of, [69];
religion of, [70];
ideas of death, [71];
treatment of the sick, [71];
customs of mourning, [71];
folk lore, [71];
personal appearance of, [73] et seq.;
women of tribe, [74];
ferocity towards whites, [75];
methods of cooking, [76];
traditions of, [76];
not cannibals, [77];
characteristics of, [77] et seq.;
civilization the ruin of, [77], [78];
first missionary to, [81];
missionaries' plan for civilizing, [91];
become farm laborers, [92];
report of Mr. Bridges, [93] et seq.;
work required by missionaries of, [95];
scanty pay, [95], [98];
change of dress and habits of, [101];
epidemics among, [102] et seq.;
civilization an evil to, [104]-106;
physical deterioration and diminution of, [103]-105;
work done by, in Argentine capital, [116];
work on Mr. Bridge's ranch, [119];
described by early navigators, [52], [128];
rush baskets of, [296];
make models of their canoes and weapons for sale, [297]
Z
Zanibelli, Luis, dealer in Indian relics, [44]