Transcriber's note:
1. Minor changes have been made to correct typesetters' errors and to ensure consistent spelling and punctuation in this e-text; otherwise, every effort has been made to remain true to the original book.
2. The sidenotes used in this text were originally published as banners in the page headers, and have been moved to the relevant paragraph for the reader's convenience.
3. Some page numbers have been rearranged to accommodate placement of illustrations.
4. The page reference in the Table of Contents for Chapter III has been corrected to show the chapter as beginning on page 78.