TABLE OF CONTENTS

[Introduction] xiii

[Bibliography] xvii

[Glossary] xix

PART I

[THE LUSHEI CLANS]

CHAPTER I PAGE

[General] 1

1. [Habitat]. 2. [Appearance and physical characteristics]. 3. [History]. 4. [Affinities]. 5. [Dress]. 6. [Tattooing]. 7. [Ornaments]. 8. [Weapons].

CHAPTER II

[Domestic Life] 17

1. [Occupation]. 2. [Weights and Measures]. 3. [Villages]. 4. [Houses]. 5. [Furniture]. 6. [Implements]—Agricultural, Musical, Household. 7. [Manufactures]—Basket work, Pottery, Brass work, Iron work, Cloth manufacture, Dyeing, Ornamentation. 8. [Domestic animals]. 9. [Agriculture]. 10. [Hunting and fishing]. 11. [Food and drink]. 12. [Amusements]—Dances, Athletics, Games.

CHAPTER III

[Laws and Customs] 41

1. [Internal structure]—Formation and constitution of the Clan, Sub-division into Families and Branches. 2. [Tribal organisation]—The Chief, Village officials, Rights of chief, Boi, Sāl, &c. 3. [Marriage]—Bride-price, Divorce, Widow remarriage. 4. [Female chastity]. 5. [Inheritance]—Adoption. 6. [Offences regarding property]. 7. [Offences connected with the body]. 8. [Decisions of disputes]. 9. [War and head-hunting]—Ambushing, Raiding, First use of guns, Head-hunting.

CHAPTER IV

[Religion] 61

1. [General form of religious beliefs]—Pathian the Creator, Other spirits, The world beyond the grave, Re-incarnation. 2. [Ancestor worship]—Offerings to the dead, Possession by spirit of the dead. 3. [Worship of natural forces and deities]—Spirits of hill, vale, and stream, The Lāshi. 4. [Religious rites and ceremonies]—Definitions of terms used, Sacrifices, Epidemics, “Ai” sacrifice. 5. [Priesthood]. 6. [Ceremonies connected with childbirth]. 7. [Marriage ceremonies]. 8. [Funerals]—Description, Disposal of corpse of infants, Lukawng, Unnatural deaths. 9. [Festivals]—Connected with crops, “Thāngchhuah feasts,” “Buh-ai.”

CHAPTER V

[Folk-lore] 92

1. [Legends]—Creation and natural phenomena, Nomenclature of hills, &c., Animal tales, Mythical heroes. 2. [Superstitions]—Connected with cultivation, with animals, house building, miscellaneous. 3. [Snake worship]—“Rulpui,” “The great snake,” Other superstitions regarding snakes. 4. [Omens]. 5. [Witchcraft]—“Khuavang zawl,” “Khawhring,” Origin of.

CHAPTER VI.

[Language] 113

Lushai or Dulien, Grammar, Word for word translation.

APPENDIX

[Families and Branches of Lushei Clan] 125

PART II

[THE NON-LUSHEI CLANS]

INTRODUCTORY

[Division of Clans into Five Groups] 129

CHAPTER I

[Clans included in the term Lushai] 130

Chawte, Chongthu, Hnāmte, Kawlni, Kawlhring, Kiangte, Ngente, Paotu, Rentlei, Vāngchhia, Zawngte.

CHAPTER II

[Clans which, though not absorbed, have been much influenced by the Lushais] 136

Fanai, Ralte, Paihte or Vuite, Rangte.

CHAPTER III

[The old Kuki Clans] 148

The old Kuki Clans of Manipur, Aimol, Anal, Chawte, Chiru, Kolhen, Kom, Lamgang, Purum, Tikhup, Vaiphei. Other old Kuki Clans, Khawtlang and Khawchhak.

CHAPTER IV

[The Thado Clan] 189

CHAPTER V

[The Lakher or Mara Clan] 213

CHAPTER VI

[Language] 225

Resemblances between languages of clans, Change of certain letters, Comparative vocabulary.