III. The Working Child

[85]. Politics, by Aristotle, A. IV, 4.

[86]. Architecture, Industry, and Wealth, by William Morris, p. 138.

[87]. Idem.

[88]. Farfolloni de gli Antichi Historici, by Abb. Lancellotti (Venice, 1636), quoted by Karl Marx in Capital, English edition, p. 427.

[89]. Marx, op. cit., p. 428.

[90]. A Description of the Country from Thirty to Forty Miles round Manchester, by Dr. Aikin. Quoted by R. W. Cooke-Taylor, The Factory System and the Factory Acts, p. 17.

[91]. Cooke-Taylor, op. cit., gives the real name of “Alfred” as Samuel Kydd, a barrister-at-law.

[92]. Memoirs of Robert Blincoe, N.D.

Cooke-Taylor, Modern Factory System, pp. 189–198.

Annals of Toil, by J. Morrison Davidson, p. 262.

Industrial History of England, H. de B. Gibbins.

[93]. H. de B. Gibbins, op. cit., pp. 178–181.

[94]. Life of Robert Owen, Written by Himself, vol. i, xxvi, pp. 57 et seq.

[95]. H. de B. Gibbins, op. cit., p. 181.

[96]. Cooke-Taylor, The Factory System and the Factory Acts, p. 55.

[97]. Idem.

[98]. H. de B. Gibbins, op. cit., p. 181.

[99]. Hansard, 1832.

[100]. The whole poem is given in Mr. H. S. Salt’s little anthology, Songs of Freedom, p. 81.

[101]. Report on the Ten Hours Bill. J. Morrison Davidson, op. cit., p. 268.

[102]. Robert Hunter, Child Labor in New York, Being a Report to the Governor of New York.

[103]. Child Labor Legislation—A Requisite for Industrial Efficiency, by Jane Addams, in the Annals of the American Academy, May, 1905, p. 131.

[104]. Problems of the Present South, by Edgar Gardner Murphy, p. 313.

[105]. Quoted in Charities, August 26, 1905.

[106]. Illiteracy Promoted by Perjury. A pamphlet issued by the Pennsylvania Child Labor Committee.

[107]. U. S. Census, vol. ii.

[108]. Illiteracy Promoted by Perjury, p. 3.

[109]. U. S. Census, Occupations.

[110]. E. G. Murphy, op. cit., p. 110.

[111]. Annals of the American Academy, May, 1905, p. 21.

[112]. Jane Addams, op. cit., p. 131.

[113]. E. G. Murphy, op. cit., p. 143.

[114]. Idem., p. 103.

[115]. An address to the Manufacturers of Cotton, delivered at Glasgow, by Robert Owen, 1815.

[116]. U. S. Census, vol. ix.

[117]. Idem.

[118]. Report (unpublished) to the Child Labor Committee, by Owen R. Lovejoy.

[119]. Child Labor Legislation. Schedules of Existing Legislation. Handbook of National Consumers’ League, compiled by J. C. Goldmark and Madeline Wallin Sikes.

[120]. The Needless Destruction of Boys, by Florence Kelley, Charities, June 3, 1905.

[121]. Boys in the Glass Industry, by Harriet M. Van Der Vaart, the Churchman, May 6, 1905.

[122]. Owen R. Lovejoy, report quoted.

[123]. Florence Kelley, op. cit.

[124]. The Anthracite Coal Communities, by Peter Roberts, Ph.D., p. 177.

Poverty, by Robert Hunter, p. 237.

[125]. Working Children in Pennsylvania—Pamphlet issued by the Child Labor Committee of Pennsylvania.

[126]. Child Labor in New York, by Robert Hunter, p. 5.

[127]. Idem.

[128]. U. S. Census, vol. viii, Manufactures, Part II.

[129]. From a press report of a lecture at Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, N.Y., by Margaret Dreier (Mrs. Raymond Robins).

[130]. From an address by Mrs. Florence Kelley, delivered at the Annual Meeting of the Consumers’ League, January, 1904. Published in the Report of the Consumers’ League of New York for the year ending December, 1903.

[131]. Transactions Illinois Child Study Association, vol. i, No. 1.

[132]. Labor Problems, by Thomas Sewall Adams, Ph.D., and Helen L. Sumner, A.B., pp. 62 et seq.

[133]. “In a recent investigation made by the Minnesota Bureau of Labor, it was found that, of the few wage-earners considered, the boys under sixteen had twice as many accidents as the adults, and the girls under sixteen thirty-three times as many accidents as the women.”—Adams and Sumner, op. cit., p. 63.

[134]. The Cost of Child Labor—pamphlet issued by the Child Labor Committee of Pennsylvania, p. 31.

[135]. Children in American Street Trades, by Myron E. Adams, in the Annals of the American Academy, May, 1905.

[136]. Child Labor—The Street, by Ernest Poole.

Child Labor—Factories and Stores, by Ernest Poole.

Myron E. Adams, op. cit.

[137]. Ernest Poole, op. cit.

[138]. Idem.

[139]. Unprotected Children—pamphlet issued by the Child Labor Committee of Pennsylvania.

[140]. See also Child Labor in New Jersey, by Hugh F. Fox, in Annals of the American Academy, July, 1902.

[141]. Jane Addams, op. cit., p. 131.

[142]. The Minotola Strike, by the Hon. John W. Westcott, in Wilshire’s Magazine, September, 1903.

[143]. Hannah R. Sewall, op. cit., p. 491.

[144]. Child Labor in Southern Industry, by A. J. McKelway, in Annals of the American Academy, May, 1905, p. 433.

[145]. The Economics of Socialism, by Henry M. Hyndman, p. 80.

[146]. See, for instance, Poverty, by Robert Hunter, p. 244; Mrs. Sidney Webb, in The Case for the Factory Acts, etc.

[147]. History of Coöperation, by George Jacob Holyoake, vol. i, p. 213.

[148]. Mrs. Sidney Webb, op. cit.

[149]. Report of the Consumers’ League of the City of New York, 1903, p. 21.

[150]. The Children of the Coal Shadow, McClure’s Magazine, 1902.

[151]. The Churchman, August 5, 1905.

[152]. The Operation of the New Child Labor Law in New Jersey, by Hugh F. Fox, in Annals of the American Academy, May, 1905.

Other works consulted include:—

Report of the Royal Commission on Labor (England); Report of the Interdepartmental Committee on Physical Deterioration.