Travels Through the Interior Parts of North America, in the Years 1766, 1767 and 1768

by Jonathan Carver

INDEX

A

• Acosta de, a Spanish Writer, [184]
• Adair’s opinion of the peopling of America, [206]
• Adair’s opinion respecting the Mosaic rites of the Indians, [386]
• Adoration, Indian, [67]
• Adultery, punishment of, [375]
• Age revered, [243]
• Algonkins, [138]
• Allanipegon river, [137]
• America, peopled from different countries, [182], [184], [210]
• Anthony St. falls of, [66], [69]
• Anthropophagi, [196], [303], [304]
• Apathy of the Indians, [240]
• Arithmetic, ignorance of, [254]
• Arts, little cultivated, [249]
• Ash tree, [491]
• —— —— prickly, [393], [508]
• Asrahcootans, a band of Indians, [80]
• Assinipoils, a tribe of Indians, [76], [80], [112]
• Astronomy of the Indians, [253]

B

• Ball, an Indian game, [311]
• Bass or white wood, [499]
• Beans, [526]
• Bears, American, [442]
• —— grease used by the Indians, [443]
• —— method of hunting, [286]
• Beards of the Indians, [225]
• Beavers, history of, [457]
• —— method of hunting, [289], [290]
• Beech nut, [501]
• Bees, [491]
• Birds of America, [466]
• Bleeding of the jugular by the Carcajou, [450]
  • vide Carcajou
• Blood, human, drank, [304], [319]
• —— root, [516]
• Blue clay, used as a mark of peace, [102]
• Braddock, general, cause of the defeat of, [311]
• Bread, a species of, [26]
• —— unknown to the Nawdowessies, [262]
• Bones of the Nawdowessies preserved, [65], [84]
• —— carried for interment, [84], [86], [401]
• Bourbon lake, [107]
• —— river, source of, [76], [115]
• Bowl, game of the Indians, [365], [366]
• Bugs of America, [491], [493]
• Buffaloes, largest in America, [56], [103], [110]
• —— method of hunting of, [287]
• —— history of, [445]
• Burying place of the Nawdowessies, [65]
• Bustard river, [176]
• Butter or oil nut, [500]
• Button wood, [499]

C

• Cadot’s Fort, [131], [141]
• Calumet, vide pipe of peace
• Canada, maps of, imperfect, intr. [iii]
• Carcajou of America, [450]
• —— opens the jugular vein of its prey, [450]
• Carp, [478]
• Carrabou, history of, [449]
• Carthaginians, supposed to have visited America, [190]
• Carver Captain, escape of, at the massacre of Fort William Henry, [321]
• Carver’s intrepidity, [52], [81], [96], [280], [320]
• —— devotion of, [68], [178]
• —— intention in his travels, [178]
• —— river, [74]
• Cassa Tate, [296]
• Cataraqui river, [171]
• Cat-head fish or pout, [171]
• Cat-fish, [478]
• Cat-mint, [520]
• Cave, remarkable one, [63], [84]
• Charlevoix Pierre de, French historian, [192], [199], [220]
• Chegomegan Point of Lake Superior, [138]
• Cherry-tree, [504]
• Chichicoué beans, use of, [385], [394]
• Children, management of, in infancy, [236]
• —— tenderness to, [378]
• Chipéway Indians, [60], [96], [104], [115], [268], [352]
• —— —— gratitude of, [63], [357]
• —— —— language of, [420]
• Chipéway Indians, universality of, [414], [416]
• —— river, [102]
• Choak-berry, [512]
• Chongousceton Indians, [80]
• Chub, [478]
• Clays, variously coloured, [101]
• Cohnawaghans or Mohawks of Canada, [173]
• Coldness of the water of Lake Superior, [153]
• Colour of the Indians, [223]
• Cookery, Indian, [233]
• Copper ore in America, [139]
• Crab-tree, [503]
• Cranberry-bush, [511]
• Crane, American, [469]
• Croix St. Riviere, [105], [106]
• Cross, no object of religious worship, [387]
• Cruelty to captives, [339], [341]
• Cuzco, great road, [191]

D

• Daggers of the Nawdowessies, [296]
• Dance, remarkable, near Lake Pepin, [279]
• Dances of the Indians, [266]
• Dead Indians how treated, [398]
• —— —— oration on, [399], [400]
• Death, cruelty in inflicting, [338], [340]
• Death-cries, [334]
• Death-song, [334], [337]
• Deer, plentiful, [110], [114]
• —— manner of hunting them, [288]
• —— some account of, [446]
• Defiance to war, [307]
• Delzel, an enterprizing officer, [162]
• Detroit, straights of, and river, [150]
• Devils-bit, [515]
• Dii Penates, [278], [309]
• Diseases of the Indians, [389]
• Dishes of the Indians, [234]
• Divorce of the Indians, [371]
• Dogs, flesh of, a feast of the Indians, [278], [304]
• —— of America, [445]
• Dress of the Indians, [219], [226]
• Drink of the Indians, [263]
• Dropsy, treatment of, [391]
• Ducks, American, [469]

E

• Eagles, American, [466]
• —— abound near the falls of St. Anthony, [71]
• Ears of the Indians ornamented, [227]
• Elder shrub, [508]
• Elks, large in America, [103], [447]
• —— method of hunting them, [288]
• Enemies, implacable hatred of, [238]
• Erie Lake, [167]
• Etchelaugon Lake, [176]

F

• Falls of St. Anthony, [66], [69]
• —— —— —— —— picturesque view of, [70]
• Farinaceous and leguminous roots, [522]
• Fasts of the Indians, [285]
• Feasts, Indian, [262]
• Feu-de-joie of the Ottawaws, [23]
• Fever-bush, [511]
• Fidelity of the Indians, [372]
• Fishes of America, [476]
• Fish-hawk, American, [468]
• Flints used as chirurgical instruments, [394]
• Flowers, American, [52]
• Food of the Indians, [263]
• Fort William Henry, massacre of, [313]
• Fortitude of the Indians, [411]
• Fox river, [38], [40]
• —— —— abounds with wild fowl, [39]
• Foxes of America, [444]
• Francis St. river of, [72]
• —— —— Indians, [173]
• Fruit trees, [502]
• Funeral ceremonies, [402], [405]
• —— speech, [399], [406], [407]
• Furs, beaver, [110], [111]
• Future state, ideas respecting, [383], [404]

G

• Games, Indian, [363]
• Gaming among the Indians, [244], [363]
• Garcia Gregorio, a Spanish historian, [183]
• Gargit or skoke, [518]
• Geography of the Indians, [84], [252]
• Ginsang, [514]
• Gladwyn, major, [155]
• —— —— faithfulness of the servant of, [156]
• Goddard’s river, [105], [132]
• —— —— transparency of, [132]
• Gold, plenty of, [118]
• Gold thread, [515]
• Goose river, [72]
• Grape, a species of, [136]
• Green snake, [486]
• Green-bay, near Lake Michigan, [21]
• Greenland, borders on America, [209]
• Grollon, father, a relation from, [193]
• Government of the Indians, [255]
• Guella Francis, [195]

H

• Hairs plucked out by the Indians, [225]
• Hatchet red, emblem of war, [362]
• Head dress of the Indians, [230]
• Hemlock-tree, [499]
• Hennepin, father, [69], [219]
• Herbs, American, [516]
• Hereditary succession, [259]
• Hesperides, supposed to be the Antilles, [183]
• Hickory, [502]
• Hieroglyphicks, Indian, [64], [252], [337], [417]
• —— anecdotes respecting the, [418]
• Hispaniola, said to have been visited by the Tyrian fleet, [192]
• Hissing snake, [167], [486]
• Hontan, Baron de, [220]
• Hornn George de, a Dutch writer, [189]
• Horned bug, [493]
• Hospitality of the Indians, [25], [81], [83], [265]
• Houses, Indian, [231]
• Hudson’s Bay, company of, [110], [112]
• Humming-bird, [475]
• Hunting among the Indians, [283]
• Huron Lake, [144], [150]
• Huron Indians, [151]
• Hurricane, effects of one, [103]
• Huts of the Indians, [231]

I

• Ice, forming an intercourse between America and Europe, [188]
• Indian, interview, [61]
• —— banditti, [52]
• —— corn or maize, [522]
• —— wild, [520]
• Indolence of the Indians, [243], [244]
• Initiation into the friendly society of the spirit, [271]
• Ink like rain, [153]
• Insects of America, [490]
• Intrenchment, remains of one, [56], [57]
• Intrigue of the Indians, [376], [377]
• Iroondocks, a tribe of the Iroquois Indians, or five Mohawk nations, [173]
• Iroquois Lakes, [173]
• —— Indians, or five Mohawk nations, [173]
• Island of Mauropas, [135]
• Isle Royal in Lake Superior, [134]

J

• Jacobs, lieutenant, [164]
• Jay, blue, [472]
• Jaun, Riviere, [51]
• Jealousy rarely known, [245]
• Jews, supposed to have discovered America, [207]
• John St., Lake of, [177]

K

• Kamtschatka borders on America, [194], [214]
• Killistinoes, a tribe of Indians, [76], [80], [112], [130]
• —— priest, anecdote of, [123] to [128]
• —— king of, described, [131]
• King bird, [475]

L

• La Bay, fort of, [21]
• Lac la Pluye, [114]
• —— du Bois, [113]
• Laconia, province of, [174]
• Laët John de, a Flemish writer, [184], [186]
• Lakes of America misrepresented, intr. [iv].
• Language of the Indians, [414]
• Lightning-bug, [491]
• Liquid amber-tree, [505]
• Litters, Indian, [330]
• Lizards, American, [488]
• Long black snake, [485]
• Loon, the American, [470]

M

• Magic, initiation into, [272]
• Mahahs, trade of at Fort la Reine, [109]
• Maize, or Indian-corn, [522]
• Manataulin, island in lake Merow, [144]
• Mandrakes, suggestions about, [118]
• Manikouagone lake, near the black river, [176]
• Manitou, or Kitchi Manitou, [381], [388]
• Manitous, [309]
• Manners of the Indians, [235]
• Maple, [496]
• Marble river, [101]
• Marie St. falls of, [142], [148]
• Marriage ceremonies, [367], [369], [373]
• —— dance, [265]
• Martin, history of, [455]
• Massacre at Fort William Henry, [313], [327]
• Mawhaws, a band of Indians, [80]
• Mawtawbauntowahs, [60]
• —— anecdote of a party of, [60]
• Medicine of the Indians, [305], [385], [391]
• Melon, [526]
• Memory of the Indians, retentive, [242]
• Menomonies take Fort la Bay, [22]
• Menies, ceremony concerning the, [236]
• Messorie river, [75], [118]
• Mexican refugees, [119]
• —— —— ideas of, [117]
• Michigan lake, navigable to Greenbay, [26]
• —— —— description of, [28], [140]
• Michillimackinac, fort of, [18], [137], [149]
• —— —— taken by stratagem, [19]
• Michipicooton river, [137]
• Midwives unknown among the Indians, [235]
• Mink, American, [465]
• Missisauges, an Indian tribe, [171]
• Mississippi river, [56], [66], [72], [102]
• —— —— source of, [76]
• Mistassin lake on Rupert’s river, [175]
• Mohawks river, [172]
• Mohawks, nation of, [173]
• Monro Colonel, death of, [314], [325]
• Montcalm General, cruelty of, [320], [326]
• —— —— death of, [326]
• Months and moons of the Indians, [251]
• Moose-deer, [448]
• —— wood, [508]
• Morand Captain, anecdote of, [40]
• Moraez Emanuel de, a Portuguese writer, [188]
• Moschettoe country, [106]
• Mountain in the river, [56]
• —— red, a place of trade and amity, [99]
• —— shining, [118], [121]
• Mourning, ceremonies of, [403], [407]
• Mulberry-tree, [503]
• Musquash, or musk-rat, [455]
• Myrtle wax-tree, [510]

N

• Natural history of America, [441]
• Nawdowessie Indians, [59], [61], [80], [268], [271]
• —— —— anecdote of a party of, [61]
• —— —— friendly disposition of, [62]
• —— —— burying-place of, [65]
• —— —— language of, [416]
• —— —— vocabulary of, [433]
• —— —— song of, [440]
• Nehogatawonahs, [60]
• Niagara, falls of, [169]
• —— fort of, [169], [170]
• Night-hawk, history of the, [466]
• Nipegon river, [157]
• Nipising lake, [175]
• Nut-trees, [500]

O

• Oaks, American, [495]
• Oil-nut, [500]
• Oniada lake, [172]
• —— Indians, a tribe of the Iroquois, or five Mohawk nations, [173]
• Onondagoes, a tribe of the Iroquois, [173]
• Ontario lake, [170]
• —— —— country surrounding, [172]
• Oregon river, [66]
• Origin of the Americans, [181] to [219]
• Oswego river, [171]
• —— bass-fish, [171]
• Ottagaumies, [48], [50], [352], [357]
• Ottawaw lakes, [106], [175]
• Otter skins, employed as manitous, [309]
• —— history of, [464]
• Ouis Consin river, [45]
• Ouinipique river, [108]
• Oviedo, a celebrated Spanish writer, [183]
• Owl of America, [469]

P

• Paint of the Indians, [101], [227], [231]
• Papenouagane lake, [176]
• Partridges, American, [471]
• Parturition, easy, [235]
• —— how promoted, [396]
• Pawwaw, or black dance, [270]
• Peace, manner of making, [351], [358], [360]
• Pecan-nut, [501]
• Peopling of America, vide America, [181] to [219]
• Pepin lake, [54], [95]
• —— rich scenery near it, [55]
• Persons of the Indians, [219], [223]
• Pertibi lake, [176]
• Petticoats, Indian, [229]
• Phœnicians, said to have visited America, [190], [191]
• Physicians of the Indians, [384], [391], [395]
• Pierre St. Riviere, [65], [75]
• —— —— —— source of, [84]
• Pine-tree, [496]
• Pipe or Calumate dance, [268]
• —— of peace, [281], [358]
• Pipes Indian, where procured, [101]
• Plants of America, [512]
• Platter, a game of the Indians, [365], [366]
• Pleurisy, treatment of, [390]
• Plumb-tree, [526]
• Plymouth company, grant to, [174]
• Polygamy of the Indians, [369]
• Pontiac, a celebrated Indian warrior, [19]
• —— surprizes Michillimackinac, [20]
• —— further account of, [153]
• —— stratagems and catastrophe of, [153 to 166]
• Poor Robin’s plantain, [518]
• Porcupine, history of, [453]
• Portage grand, [106]
• Pots Indian, manufactory of, [233]
• Prairies les Chiens, [50], [93]
• —— —— —— picturesque description around, [100]
• Prairies les Chiens, place of trade and general amity, [99]
• Prayer of an Ottowaw chief, [24]
• Prickly-ash, in the venereal disease, [393], [508]
• Priest of the Killistinoes, [123], [384]
• —— anecdote of, [125]
• —— of the Indians, [384]
• Prisoners, cruel treatment of, [330], [331], [336]
• —— grace to, [343], [344]
• —— never exchanged, [345]
• Property, equality of, [247], [248]
• Pumpkin, [526]

Q

• Queen of the Winnebagoes, [33]

R

• Racoon, history of, [454]
• Rainy lake, [114]
• Rattle snake, anecdote of one, [43]
• —— —— frequent, [167]
• —— —— history of, [479]
• —— —— bite of, antidotes to, [482]
• —— —— plantain, [482], [517]
• Red wood smoked with tobacco, [31]
• —— marble river, [75]
• —— mountain, rendezvous for trade and general amity, [99]
• Red bird, [475]
• Reine la Fort, of, [109]
• Religion of the Indians, [380]
• Revenge of the Indians, [298], [413]
• Rice, wild, [523]
• Rink-snake, [487]
• Road of war, [103]
• Rock Liverwort, [518]
• Robertson Dr. his opinion on the peopling of America, [217], [218]
• —— his misrepresentation, [224]
• Rogers, Major, [163]
• Roots and plants, [512]
• Rum river, [72]
• Rupert’s river, [174]

S

• Sachem, [257]
• Sacrifice dance, [268], [282]
• Sagacity of the Indians, [242], [284], [328]
• Sagapenum bay, [144]
• Saguenay river, near lake St. John, [176]
• Salle Mr. de la, [220]
• Salaciousness of the Nawdowessies, [246]
• Salt, an antidote to the bite of the rattle-snake, [483]
• Sand Cherries (cherries de sable), [30]
• Sanicle, [517]
• Sarsaparilla, [513]
• Sassafras, [507]
• Saukies, account of, [47], [352], [357]
• —— possess lead, [48]
• Sautor Grand, or great Chipéway Chief, [97]
• —— —— his tragic fate, [99]
• Scalps kept as trophies, [328]
• Scalping, account of, [328], [329]
• Scarification used by the Indians, [394]
• Schians, a band of Indians, [80]
• Schianese, [80]
• Scythians, founders of America, [180], [190], [196]
• Sekockimac smoked with tobacco, [31]
• Senecas, a tribe of the Iroquois, [173]
• Serpents of America, [479]
• Shahsweentowahs, [60]
• Shells, ornaments of, [227]
• Shin wood, [506]
• Shining mountains, [118], [121]
• Shirts of the Indians, [226], [229]
• Shoes of the Indians, [228]
• Shrub-oak, [509]
• Shrubs, [505]
• Silk-worms, [490]
• Skunk of America, [450]
• —— cabbage or poke, [519]
• Slaves, Indian, [346]
• Sledges, Indian, [330]
• Slow lizard, [489]
• Small-pox, ravages of, [326]
• Snake skin, chirurgical use of, [392]
• Snakes, American, [485]
• Solomon’s seal, [515]
• Speech addressed to the Nawdowessies, [87]
• —— of the Nawdowessie Indians, [90]
• Speeches to excite to war, [300], [302]
• Speckled snake, [487]
• Spikenard, [381]
• Spirit, the great, dwelling of, [63], [135], [144], [381]
• —— —— —— address to, [67], [125], [302]
• —— —— —— ceremony of invoking, [123], [127]
• Spirit, an amazing large one, [135]
• Spirits, [381]
• Spirituous liquors, fondness for, [347]
• Splinters, how extracted, [392]
• Spoon-wood, [508]
• Squashes, [526]
• Squirrels, American, [456]
• Stockings of the Indians, [228]
• Stone, white as snow, [100]
• —— red, used for making pipes, [101]
• Strawberry-river, [105]
• Striped or garter snake, [486]
• Sturgeon frequent, [106], [140]
• —— history of, [477]
• Subordination unknown to the North American Indians, [257]
• Succatosh food, [263]
• Sugar of the Maple, [262], [282]
• Sulphureous water, rained, [153]
• —— stones, [169]
• Sumach-leaves, smoked with tobacco, [30]
• Superior Lake, [106]
• —— —— transparency of its water, [132]
• —— —— elegant and picturesque view from, [143]
• Superstition of the Indians, [238], [254], [391]

T

• Tamiscaming Lake, [175]
• Targets of the Indians, [296]
• Teal, [470]
• Temper of the Indians, [238]
• Thorn-tail snake, [486]
• Thousand lakes, [73]
• Thunder, alarming to the Indians, [85]
• Time, calculation of, [250]
• Tintons, a band of Indians, [80]
• Toad plantain, [518]
• Tobacco worm, [491]
• —— plant, and life of the author, [521] intr.
• Tongo-Wakon, [381]
• Toronto, Indian town, [171]
• Tortoise, or land turtle, [488]
• Tree-toad, [489]
• Trees, American, [494]
• Trouts, plenty of, [140], [149]
• Turnbull, Captain, [152]
• Tuscarories, a tribe of the Iroquois, [173]
• Two-headed snake, [487]
• Tyger, American, [442]
• Tyrian fleet, supposed to have visited America, [192]

V

• Venereal disease not indigenous to America, [392]
• —— —— cured by the prickly-ash, [393]
• Vines, American, [503]
• Visits of the Indians, [241]
• Vocabulary of the Chipéway tongue, [420]
• —— of the Nawdowessies, [433]

W

• Waddapawjestin Indians, [80]
• Waddapawmenesotor river, [65]
• Wake robin, [520]
• Wakon-teebe cave, [63]
• —— bird, [470]
• —— Kitchewah society, [271]
• Wakons, [309], [381]
• Wampum, [362]
• War-dance, [269]
• War, manner of making, [293], [300], [306], [310]
• —— club, [296], [362]
• —— declaration of, [307]
• —— hoop, [319], [334]
• Warrior, the great, [257]
• —— Indian, military arms of, [269]
• Water-bug, [493]
• Water-snakes, [167], [486]
• Weeks of the Indians, [252]
• Whetsaw of America, [475]
• Whipper-will, [467]
• Whirtleberries, [136]
• White-ash, antidote to the rattle-snake poison, [482]
• Wickopick-tree, [499]
• Wild indigo, [520]
• Wild rice, [523]
• Willow, [506]
• Winds of America varying in temperature, [70]
• Winnepeek river, [108], [110]
• Winter-green, [510]
• Witch-hazle, [509]
• Witchcraft, how treated, [395]
• Wives, station of, [367]
• Wolves, American, [444]
• Women, courage of, [333]
• Wood-creek river, [172]
• Wood-chuck, [454]
• Wood-pigeon, [471]
• Woodpecker, [472]
• Worship cultivated by the Indians, [179]
• Wounds, treatment of, [391]

Y

• Yellow river, [51]

Transcriber's Note:

There is one image which was present twice in the original (the Tobacco Plant). Both images were retained. The words (top) and (bottom) were added to some image captions to clarify which caption refers to which image. Dashes used as ditto marks in the Table of Contents were replaced by the text they represent.

Some corrections have been made to the original. In particular, punctuation errors were corrected. In the index, the spelling was altered to match the spelling in the body text; page numbers were added where missing and corrected where mistakes were found.

Additional corrections are listed below:

p. [11] Chipèway -> Chipéway

p. [13] Chipeway -> Chipéway

p. [15] rout -> route

p. [15] pap. -> pag.

p. [23] suprised -> surprised

p. [35] excusions -> excursions

p. [37] rapaid -> rapid

p. [46] disstance -> distance

p. [63] recived -> received

p. [63] after I left left -> after I left

p. [96] Chippéways -> Chipéways

p. [136] notwithstanding that is -> notwithstanding that it is

p. [151] more attentive to to -> more attentive to

p. [188] Portugeuse -> Portuguese

p. [219] utilitity -> utility

p. [235] assiststance -> assistance

p. [241] neve -> never

p. [279] red and and black -> red and black

p. [305] Nowithstanding -> Notwithstanding

p. [311] their -> there

p. [312] extraordinry -> extraordinary

p. [315] whereing -> wherein

p. [318] anle -> ancle

p. [347] treaders -> traders

p. [352] Ontatario -> Ontario

p. [353] impossibe -> impossible

p. [354] pass though -> pass through

p. [406] strengh -> strength

p. [407] blacken their their faces -> blacken their faces

p. [440] purpose a a short -> purpose a short

p. [483] it -> its

p. [484] suden -> sudden

p. [501] chensuts -> chesnuts

p. [507] kown -> known

p. [517] seldoms -> seldom

p. [536] ae -> are