The manufacture of mineral and lake pigments

by Josef Bersch

INDEX.

• Acid, acetic, [30].
• — carbonic, [30].
• — hydrochloric, [25].
• — nitric, [28].
• — oxalic, [31].
• — sulphuric, [27].
• — tartaric, [31].
• Acids, [25].
• Alizarin, [372].
• Alkalis, [32].
• Alkanet, [368].
• Alum, ammonia, [48].
• — Roman, [46].
• — soda, [47].
• Alumina, [49].
• — gold purple, [193].
• Aluminium compounds, [42].
• — sulphate, [43].
• Alums, [44].
• Ammonia, [23].
• — cochineal, [362].
• Ammonium chloride, [25].
• — sulphide, [25].
• Annaline, [131].
• Antimony blue, [179].
• — compounds, [59].
• — oxychloride, [129].
• — trioxide, [129].
• — vermilion, [178].
• — yellow, [151].
• Antwerp blue, [203].
• Apparatus, washing, [120].
• Appendix, [469].
• Aqua regia, [29].
• Archil, [381].
• Arsenic compounds, [59].
• Asphaltum, [414].
• Aureolin, [156].
• Barium carbonate, [42].
• — chloride, [41].
• — compounds, [41].
• — green, Böttger’s, [271].
• — sulphate, [116].
• — yellow, [152].
• Barytes, [116].
• Bismuth compounds, [59].
• — white, [130].
• Bistre, [284].
• Black, bone, [290].
• — charcoal, [286].
• — chrome, [318].
• — chrome-copper, [318].
• — enamel, [325].
• — ivory, [290].
• — lamp, [307].
• — neutral tint, [318].
• — pigments, [285], [444].
• — pine, [312].
• — soot, [294], [313].
• — vine, [288].
• Blowpipe, [436].
• Blue, antimony, [179].
• — Antwerp, [203].
• — Bremen, [226].
• — Brunswick, [200].
• — Chinese, [196], [201].
• — chrome, [267].
• — cobalt, [230].
• — copper pigments, [226].
• — Egyptian, [250].
• — enamels, [323].
• — lakes, [390], [397].
• — lime, [228].
• — manganese, [272].
• — mineral, [200].
• — mineral pigments, [194].
• — molybdenum, [239].
• — Neuberg, [227].
• — oil, [228].
• — Payen’s, [228].
• — pigments, examination of, [441].
• — Prussian, [199].
• — Soluble Prussian, [200].
• — Tessié du Motay’s, [293].
• — tungsten, [238].
• — Turnbull’s, [203].
• — ultramarine, [204].
• — — pale, [223].
• — verdigris, [252].
• Bone black, [290].
• Böttger’s barium green, [271].
• Brasileïn, [384].
• Brasilin, [384].
• Brazil wood, [384].
• Bremen blue, [226].
• — green, [226].
• Brocade pigments, [341].
• Bronze, electrolytic copper, [337].
• — pigments, [329].
• — pigments, tungsten, [338].
• Brown, chrome, [280].
• — cobalt, [281].
• — copper, [280].
• — decomposition products, [283].
• — Hachett’s, [280].
• — iron, [280].
• — lead, [279].
• — manganese, [279].
• — mineral pigments, [279].
• — organic pigments, [414].
• — pigments, examination of, [443].
• — Prussian, [280].
• — pyrolusite, [279].
• Brunswick green, [243].
• Cadmium compounds, [53].
• — yellow, [153].
• Cæruleum, [231].
• Calcium carbonate, [40].
• — compounds, [39].
• — hydroxide, [39].
• — oxide, [39].
• — phosphate, [40].
• — sulphate, [40].
• Carajuru, [379].
• Carbon, [30].
• Carmine, [354], [357].
• — indigo, [394].
• — madder, [376].
• — safflower, [367].
• Carthamine red, [366].
• Casselmann’s green, [249].
• Cassel yellow, [148].
• Cassius, purple of, [190].
• Caustic potash, [33].
• Caustic soda, [37].
• Charcoal blacks, [286].
• Charvin’s green, [412].
• Chica red, [379].
• Chinese blue, [196], [201].
• — green, [411].
• — vermilion, [170].
• Chlorine, [20].
• Chlorophyll, [409].
• Chromaventurine, [266].
• Chrome alum, [35].
• — black, [318].
• — blue, [267].
• — brown, [280].
• — copper black, [318].
• — green, [260], [274].
• — — Elsner’s, [274].
• — — lake, [264].
• — red, [186].
• — yellow, [134].
• — — cadmium, [153].
• — — calcium, [151].
• — — pale, [139].
• — — zinc, [152].
• Chromic chloride, [276].
• Chromium compounds, [58].
• — oxide, [260].
• — stannate, [189].
• Chrysean, [162].
• Cobalt arsenate, [189].
• — blue, [230].
• — brown, [280].
• — compounds, [56].
• — green, [268].
• — magnesia red, [188].
• — red, [188].
• — ultramarine, [230].
• — zinc phosphate, [232].
• Cochineal, [354].
• Colorimeter, [450].
• Colours, simple and mixed, [71].
• Colour works, design of, [457].
• Commercial names of pigments, [460].
• Confectionery colours, [427].
• Copper acetate, [65].
• — arsenite, [241].
• — borate, [250].
• — brown, [280].
• — carbonate, [240].
• — compounds, [65].
• — hydroxide, [229].
• — nitrate, [65].
• — oxychloride, [243].
• — silicate, [250].
• — stannate, [248].
• — sulphate, [65].
• — violet, [278].
• Covering power, [10].
• Crayons, [423].
• Cream of tartar, [34].
• Cudbear, [382].
• Curucuru, [379].
• Design of a colour works, [457].
• Dextrine, [420].
• Drying oils, [429].
• — stove, [459].
• Dutch pink, [348].
• Dye-woods, [449].
• Egyptian blue, [250].
• Elsner’s chrome green, [274].
• — green, [249].
• Emerald green, [244], [264].
• Enamel colours, [319].
• Enamel white, [116].
• Enamels, black, [325].
• — blue, [323].
• — green, [324].
• — red, [322].
• — violet, [324].
• — white, [320].
• — yellow, [322].
• Examination of pigments, [434].
• Extracts, [398], [402].
• Fernambuco wood, [384], [386].
• Ferric oxide pigments, [180].
• Ferrous chloride, [54].
• — sulphate, [54].
• Filter press, [124], [125].
• Florentine lake, [361].
• French purple, [38].
• Fustic lake, [351].
• Gamboge lake, [349].
• — prepared, [350].
• Garanceux, [372].
• Garancin, [371].
• Gardinia grandiflora, colouring matter of, [353].
• Glucose, [422].
• Gold, compounds of, [69].
• Green, Arnaudan’s, [265].
• — Bremen, [226].
• — Brunswick, [243].
• — Casselmann’s, [249].
• — Charvin’s, [412].
• — Chinese, [411].
• — chrome, [260], [274].
• — cobalt, [268].
• — Elsner’s, [249].
• — emerald, [244], [264].
• — enamel, [324].
• — Guignet’s, [264].
• — Kuhlmann’s, [249].
• — lakes, [409].
• — leaf, [265].
• — lime, [250].
• — manganese, [270].
• — mineral pigments, [240].
• — natural, [275].
• — Neuwied, [243].
• — non-arsenical, [275].
• — patent, [250].
• — pigments, compounded, [273].
• — pigments, examination of, [442].
• — Plessy’s, [266].
• — Rosenstiehl’s, [270].
• — sap, [410].
• — Scheele’s, [241].
• — Schnitzer’s, [266].
• — silk, [275].
• — Turkish, [265].
• — verditer, [243].
• — Vienna, [248].
• Guignet’s green, [264].
• Gum Arabic, [420].
• Guyard’s violet, [278].
• Gypsum, [40].
• Hachett’s brown, [280].
• Hæmateïn, [406].
• Hæmatoxylin, [406].
• Humins, [283].
• Hydrometer, [24].
• Indian ink, [316].
• — madder, [378].
• — red, [185].
• — yellow, [352].
• Indigo, [390].
• — carmine, [394].
• Introduction, [1].
• Iron brown, [280].
• — compounds, [54].
• — red, [182].
• Ivory black, [290].
• Kuhlmann’s green, [294].
• Lac, [363].
• — dye, [363].
• Lake, blue, [390], [397].
• — Florentine, [361].
• — fustic, [351].
• — gamboge, [349].
• — green, [409].
• — quercitron, [351].
• — weld, [349].
• Lakes, [6], [9], [343].
• — examination of, [445].
• — madder, [375].
• — red, [354].
• — yellow, [348].
• Lamp black, [307].
• Lead acetate, [62].
• — antimonate, [115].
• — antimonite, [115].
• — arsenite, [159].
• — brown, [279].
• — chloride, [64].
• — chromate, [134].
• — compounds, [60].
• — iodide, [154].
• — monoxide, [143].
• — nitrate, [61].
• — orange, [146].
• — oxychloride, [113].
• — red, [144].
• — sulphate, [61], [112].
• — sulphite, [114].
• — tungstate, [128].
• — white, [73], [74], [75], [77].
• — white, hard and soft, [191].
• Leaf green, [265].
• Lichens, [380].
• Lime, [39].
• — blue, [228].
• — green, [250].
• Litharge, [143].
• Lithophone, [119].
• Litmus, [382].
• Logwood, [398].
• Lokao, [44].
• Madder, [370].
• — carmine, [376].
• — extract, [372].
• — Indian, [378].
• — lakes, [375].
• Magnesia, gold purple, [192].
• — white, [130].
• Magnesium carbonate, [41].
• Manganese blue, [272].
• — brown, [279].
• — compounds, [59].
• — green, [270].
• — sulphate, [56].
• — violet, [278].
• — white, [130].
• Manganous oxide, [272].
• Mangit, [378].
• Mars yellow, [155].
• Massicot, [143].
• Mercuric ammonium chloride, [175].
• — chloride, [68].
• — iodide, [176].
• — nitrate, [68].
• — sulphite, [163].
• Mercurous chloride, [68].
• — nitrate, [67].
• Mercury compounds, [67].
• — yellow, [158].
• Metallic pigments, [326].
• Metals, heavy, [51].
• Mills, paint, [430].
• — white lead, [86].
• Mineral lake, [278].
• Molybdenum blue, [239].
• — compounds, [59].
• Montpellier yellow, [148].
• Mosaic gold, [160].
• Naples yellow, [149].
• Natural green, [275].
• Neuberg blue, [227].
• Neutral tint black, [318].
• Neuwied green, [243].
• Nickel compounds, [56].
• — yellow, [157].
• Non-arsenical green, [275].
• Oil blue, [228].
• Orange lead, [146].
• — Mars, [155].
• Orceïn, [300].
• Orcinol, [380].
• Orpiment, [159].
• Paint mills, [430].
• Patent green, [250].
• Payen’s mountain blue, [228].
• Permanent yellow, [152].
• Pigments, artificial mineral, [6].
• — commercial names of, [460].
• — earth, [6].
• Pine black, [312].
• Pink, Dutch, [348].
• Plessy’s green, [266].
• Poisonous pigments, [13].
• Potassium alum, [45].
• — bichromate, [35].
• — bitartrate, [34].
• — carbonate, [32].
• — compounds, [32].
• — ferricyanide, [35].
• — ferrocyanide, [35].
• — hydroxide, [33].
• — nitrate, [34].
• — sodium chromate, [35].
• Precipitation, [7].
• Preparation of pigments, [429].
• Prepared gamboge, [350].
• Prussian blue, [199].
• — brown, [280].
• Purple, alumina gold, [193].
• — French, [381].
• — magnesia gold, [192].
• — of Cassius, [190].
• — red, [189].
• Purpurin, [373].
• Purree, [352].
• Pyrolusite brown, [280].
• Quercitron lake, [351].
• Quicklime, [39].
• Realgar, [159].
• Red, carthamine, [366].
• — chica, [379].
• — chrome, [186].
• — cobalt, [188].
• — — magnesia, [188].
• — enamels, [322].
• — hæmatite, [180].
• — Indian, [185].
• — iron, [182].
• — lakes, [354].
• — lead, [144].
• — Mars, [155].
• — mineral pigments, [163].
• — pigments, examination of, [440].
• — purple, [189].
• Red wood lakes, [384].
• Rosenstiehl’s green, [270].
• Safflower, [366].
• — carmine, [367].
• Saffron, [352].
• Sal ammoniac, [25].
• Salt, common, [38].
• Sandalwood, [388].
• Sap colours, [416].
• — green, [410].
• Scheele’s green, [241].
• Schnitzer’s green, [266].
• Sepia, [414].
• Shell-gold, [326].
• Shell-silver, [327].
• Siderin yellow, [156].
• Silk green, [275].
• Silver chromate, [189].
• — compounds, [69].
• — imitation, [328].
• Smalts, [233].
• Sodium chloride, [38].
• — hydroxide, [37].
• — salts, [37].
• — thiosulphate, [38].
• Soluble Prussian blue, [200].
• Soot black, [313].
• — pigments, [294].
• Stannic chloride, [59].
• Stannous chloride, [59].
• Stove, drying, [459].
• Sulphuretted hydrogen, [26].
• Swedish green, [241].
• Tessié du Motay’s blue, [239].
• Thallium pigments, [159].
• Thénard’s blue, [230].
• Tin compounds, [59].
• — violet, [278].
• — white, [130].
• Tragacanth, [420].
• Tungsten blue, [238].
• — bronze pigments, [338].
• — compounds, [59].
• — yellow, [157].
• Turkish green, [265].
• Turnbull’s blue, [203].
• Turner’s yellow, [149].
• Turpeth mineral, [158].
• Ultramarine, [3], [204], [211].
• — artificial, [206].
• — cobalt, [230].
• — natural, [205].
• — violet, [219].
• — yellow, [152].
• Vanadium compounds, [59].
• Vegetable bronze pigments, [339].
• Verdigris, [252].
• — blue, [252].
• — distilled, [255].
• — German, [258].
• Verditer, green, [243].
• Vermilion, [3], [163], [166].
• — antimony, [178].
• — Chinese, [170].
• — chrome, [186].
• Vienna green, [248].
• Vine black, [288].
• Violet copper, [278].
• — enamel, [324].
• — Guyard’s, [278].
• — manganese, [278].
• — mineral pigments, [276].
• — Nuremberg, [278].
• — tin, [278].
• — ultramarine, [219].
• Vitriol, blue, [65].
• — green, [54].
• — oil of, [27].
• Washing apparatus, [120].
• Water, [16].
• — colours, [419].
• — — moist, [422].
• — examination of, [20].
• — hard, [17].
• — iron in, [18].
• — organic matter in, [18].
• Weld lake, [349].
• White, bismuth, [130].
• — enamel, [116], [121], [320].
• — lead, [73], [74], [75].
• — lead mills, [86].
• — magnesia, [131].
• — manganese, [130].
• — mineral pigments, [72].
• — patent, [73].
• — permanent, [116], [121].
• — pigments, examination of, [437].
• — tin, [130].
• — tungsten, [128].
• — zinc, [126].
• Witherite, [42], [117].
• Yellow, antimony, [151].
• — barium, [152].
• — cadmium chrome, [153].
• — calcium chrome, [151].
• — Cassel, [148].
• — chrome, [134].
• — enamels, [322].
• — English, [149].
• — Indian, [352].
• — lakes, [348].
• — Mars, [155].
• — Mercury, [158].
• — mineral pigments, [133].
• — Montpellier, [148].
• — Naples, [149].
• — nickel, [157].
• — pale chrome, [139].
• — pigments, examination of, [439].
• — Siderin, [156].
• — tungsten, [157].
• — Turner’s, [149].
• — zinc chrome, [152].
• Zinc chrome yellow, [152].
• — oxide, [53].
• — sulphate, [53].
• — sulphide, [119].
• — white, [126].
• — — Griffith’s, [128].

THE ABERDEEN UNIVERSITY PRESS LIMITED.

Transcriber’s Notes:

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The cover image was created by the transcriber, and is in the public domain.

Antiquated spellings were not corrected.

The illustrations have been moved so that they do not break up paragraphs and so that they are next to the text they illustrate.

Typographical and punctuation errors have been silently corrected.