INDEX

Adam of Marsh, Franciscan friar, friend of Grosseteste and de Montfort, [120], [130]
Aldrich, an Alderman of Norwich, [229], [231]
Alexander III., Pope, [45], [56]
Anselm, Abbot of Bec, [8];
called to court of William II., [8];
appointed Archbishop of Canterbury, [9];
refuses to give up church lands, [11];
firm attitude at Council of Rockingham, [15];
semblance of peace with the king, [16];
leaves England, [18];
returns at request of Henry I., [19];
his services to the king, [21];
dispute with the king, [23];
reconciliation, [26];
his death and character, [27–30];
his birthplace, [30]
Appleton, William, [161]
Ayscough, Bishop of Salisbury, impeached for treason, [174];
murdered at Erdington, [175]
Bailey, John, hanged by Cade, [184]
Ball, John, itinerant priest from York, preaches social revolution, [143];
released from Maidstone prison by Wat Tyler, [153];
preaches to Tyler’s followers at Blackheath, [153];
hanged as a rebel, [167]
Barton, Elizabeth, “Holy Maid of Kent,” [206]
Becket, Thomas, his parentage, [33];
early years, [34];
appointed Chancellor of Canterbury, [34];
ordained priest and appointed to Archbishopric, [38];
dispute with the king, [41–45];
yields to king’s demands at Council of Clarendon, [47];
refutes charges at Council of Northampton, [49];
leaves England and appeals to the pope, [55];
reconciliation with the king, [57];
lands at Sandwich, [57];
ill-will of the bishops, [58];
Henry’s sudden rage, [59];
his murder, [63];
his canonisation, [64]
Belknap, Chief Justice, [147], [148]
Berksted, Stephen, Bishop of Chichester, [128]
Bigod, Hugh of Norfolk, [121]
Bigod, Roger, [126]
Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury, [110], [131]
Bradshaw, John, [297]
Buckingham, Duke of, [249], [250], [251], [252]
Burdett, Sir Francis, [313]
Burley, Sir Simon, [148], [163]
Cade, Jack, leader of the revolt of Kentish commons, 1450, [173];
uncertainty as to real name and family, [176];
marches to Blackheath at head of [46],000 followers, [177];
draws up and presents petition to Henry VI., [178];
no answer returned, [178];
withdraws to Sevenoaks and defeats small body of Henry’s troops, [180];
gathers reinforcements in Kent, [181];
Henry VI. treats with him fruitlessly, [181];
enters London without opposition, [182];
preserves strict discipline in his force, [184];
forced to levy toll for support of his followers, [185];
after first good reception London turns against him, [187];
unsuccessful fight for London Bridge, [187];
treats with Henry’s representatives, [188];
many of his adherents return to their homes, [189];
refuses to lay down arms till parliament issues legal pardon, [189];
proclaimed a traitor, [189];
defeated at Queenborough, [189];
dies fighting as a fugitive, in Sussex, [189];
head exposed on London Bridge, [190]
Cartwright, John, enters Navy and begins promising career, [308];
it is cut short by his siding with the Americans at outbreak of war, 1776, [308];
trains the Nottinghamshire Militia, [309];
pioneer of political reform, [310];
writes and speaks on the subject, [310];
unsuccessful efforts to enter parliament, [312];
at age of 80 charged with sedition and fined, [313];
known as “Father of Reform,” [315]
Catherine of Aragon, [203]
Cantilupe, Bishop of Worcester, [122], [126], [133]
Cantilupe, Thomas, Chancellor, [128]
Cave, Robert, [148]
Chalton, Sir John, Lord Mayor of London, [183]
Charles I., [250] et seq., [280], [282]
Church, Corporal, [286]
Clarendon, Earl of (quoted), [262]
Clarendon, Council of, [46]
Clarkson, Thomas, [313]
Cocke (or Cooke) Thomas, friend to both Henry VI. and Cade, [182]
Cod, Thomas, Mayor of Norwich, [228], [229], [231], [232], [233]
Coke, Lord Justice, [252]
Colet, Dean of St. Paul’s, [199], [212]
Conyers, Dr., Vicar of St. Martin, Norwich, [231]
Cranmer, Archbishop, [204]
Cromwell, Oliver, [279] et seq.
Cromwell, Thomas, [208]
Crowmer, Sheriff of Kent, [180];
arrested and sent to Tower, [181];
beheaded by Cade’s orders, [184]
Curtis (Girste, or Ghirstis) City Merchant, [186]
De Burgh, Hubert, [95], [107]
De Gray, John, Bishop of Norwich, [81], [82]
De Morville, Hugh, [59–63]
Derby, Henry, Earl of (afterwards Henry IV.), [157], [163], [170]
Despenser, Henry, Bishop of Norwich, [168]
Des Roches, Peter, Bishop of Winchester, [82], [94], [107], [108]
De Tracy, William, [59–63]
De Valence, William, [123], [132]
Eadmer (quoted), [6], [7], [14], [17], [26]
Edward, Prince, son of Henry III., afterwards King-Edward I.;
takes oath of reform to barons, [123];
takes Gloucester in civil war, [126];
taken prisoner at Battle of Lewes, [127];
escapes to Welsh marshes, [132];
intercepts de Montfort’s relief force at Evesham, [133]
Eliot, John, enters parliament as member for St. Germans, [249];
knighted and becomes Vice-Admiral of Devon, [249];
captures the pirate Nutt, but eventually finds himself in Marshalsea prison over the affair, [250];
released and is returned for Newport, 1624, [250];
quarrels with Buckingham and insists upon his impeachment, [251];
imprisoned in Tower in connection therewith, but soon released, [251];
refuses forced loan and again imprisoned and deprived of Vice-Admiralship, [252];
carries Petition of Right, [252];
attacks policy of Laud, [252];
supports John Rolle in refusing payment of taxes, [253];
summoned before Privy Council, imprisoned for fourth time, and fined, [255];
remains passionately loyal to House of Commons, [256];
health gives way in confinement, [257];
dies in the Tower, 1632, [257];
his son’s appeal for his burial at Port Eliot, Cornwall, refused, [257]
Erasmus, [193], [194], [197], [202], [211], [212]
Essex, Earl of, [267]
Ethelmar, half-brother to Henry III., [106]
Everard, [297], [298]
Fairfax, General, [298], [299]
Falkland, Lord, [265], [266]
Finch, Chief Justice, [262]
Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, [206], [207], [208]
FitzOsbert, William, called Longbeard; his early life, [72];
lays his grievances before Richard I., [72];
defies Archbishop Hubert, [73];
his arrest and death, [75]
FitzStephen, W. (quoted), [35], [49], [53], [59]
FitzUrse, Reginald, [59–63]
Flowerdew, Sergeant, [222], [223]
Frost, [321]
Fulke, follower of Ket, [235]
Fussell, [328]
Gilbert, Earl of Gloucester, [126], [128], [131], [132]
Gough, Matthew, [186]
Green, J. R. (quoted), [91], [92]
Green, Squire of Wylby, [222]
Gregory IX., Pope, letter to, from Grosseteste, [102]
Grindcobbe, William, supporter of John Ball in Hertford, [143], [146];
follows Wat Tyler, [149];
at Mile End, [159];
hanged at St. Albans, [167]
Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln, born in Suffolk of humble parentage, goes to Oxford, rises to foremost honours there, and becomes bishop, at sixty, [101];
institutes reforms at Oxford, [102];
befriends Dominican and Franciscan friars, [102];
withstands Henry III.’s rapacity, [104];
attends council in London, recites grievances of Henry III.’s misrule, [107];
resists seizure of English Church revenues by Innocent IV., [108–111];
refuses canonry of Lincoln to pope’s nephew, [111];
Cardinals uphold Grosseteste against Innocent IV., [112];
makes appeal to whole realm on behalf of rights of English Church, [113];
dies, 1235, and is buried in Lincoln Cathedral, [113];
Edward I.’s application for canonization refused, [113]
Gunnell, Tutor in Sir Thomas More’s family, [199]
Hales, Sir Robert, Treasurer to Richard II., [146];
advises no conference with Tyler’s followers, [154];
beheaded on Tower Hill, [160]
Hampden, John, refuses to pay ship-money, [258];
case decided against him, [259];
acts with Eliot against Buckingham, [261];
strong influence in House of Commons, [262];
prominent work in Long Parliament, [263];
impeached for high treason, [265];
takes refuge from Charles in city, [266];
prepares for war, [266];
raises regiment of infantry in Bucks, [267];
mortally wounded at Chalgrove, [268]
Hazlerig, [265], [288]
Henry I., [19–26]
Henry II.; appoints Thomas Becket Chancellor of England, [34];
their close friendship, [35];
determines to appoint Thomas to the archbishopric, [36];
his dispute with Thomas, and its cause, [41];
draws up the Constitutions of Clarendon, [46];
his dissatisfaction with the result, [48];
charges Thomas with corrupt practices, [48–54];
his sudden rage and hasty words, resulting in the murder of the archbishop, [63]
Henry III.; appeals for money at Council of Westminster, 1244, [104];
confronts bishops with Innocent IV.’s letter exhorting them to give liberally, [104];
bishops evade coercion, [105];
king again tries in 1252, [106];
bishops, led by Grosseteste, refuse, [106];
his miserable misrule, [108];
dealings with Simon of Montfort in Gascony, [118–120];
his financial difficulties reach climax, 1257, [120];
continued quarrels with barons, [122];
obtains dispensation from promises to barons, [124];
civil war is declared, [126];
defeated by Simon of Montfort, and peace made, 1264, [127];
war again breaks out, [132];
is victorious, [137]
Henry VIII., [197], [201], [202], [203], [207], [208]
Holland, Sir John, [159]
Holles, [265]
Horne, Alderman, [182]
Horne, Alderman, supports Tyler, and welcomes him to London, [156]
Hotham, Sir John, [267]
Howe, Lord, [308]
Hugh of Lincoln, [77]
Herbert of Bosham (quoted), [38], [58]
Iden, Alexander, [189], [190]
Innocent III., Pope, [77], [81], [83], [95]
Innocent IV., Pope, [104], [106], [110], [111], [113]
Ireton, General, [280], [286]
Islip, Archbishop of Canterbury, [144]
John, King, refuses to acknowledge Stephen Langton’s appointment to archbishopric, [81];
seizes estates of Canterbury, and drives chapter into exile, [82];
is excommunicated, [83];
meets primate at Winchester and is formally absolved, [85];
strife with barons, [86];
his campaign to recover lost Angevine provinces, [87];
capitulation to the barons, [90];
signs the Great Charter, [91];
his death, [95]
John of Gaunt, calls parliament at Northampton, [147];
his unpopularity with the people, [151];
his palace of the Savoy and its valuable contents destroyed, [157]
John of Salisbury (quoted), [56]
Jones, Ernest, [324];
joins Chartist movement at [27], [325];
son of an officer and educated abroad, [325];
works with Feargus O’Connor, [325];
attends Chartist convention, [327];
addresses large meetings in London, [328];
arrested, tried, found guilty of seditious speech and imprisoned, [328];
on his release Chartist movement declining, [329];
contests Halifax unsuccessfully, [330];
gives support to advanced radicals, [330];
stands twice unsuccessfully for Nottingham, [330];
dies suddenly at the age of [50], [330]
Kemp, Cardinal, Archbishop of York, Chancellor to Henry VI., [187], [188], [190]
Kent, Earl of, [159]
Ket, Robert, landowner in Norfolk, a tanner by trade, [223];
sympathies on the side of the people, [223];
offers to lead the movement against enclosures of land, [224];
he is eagerly accepted as captain, and leads large army towards Norwich, [224];
issues manifesto attacking landlords, [225];
advances to Mousehold, and his force increases to 20,000, [228];
sends statement to Edward VI., [229];
king replies by herald, [229];
sets about organising and victualling his followers, as he is not content with vague promises, [230];
arrests landowners, [231];
repudiates king’s “pardon” as being a just and innocent man, [232];
his arrest ordered by king’s messenger, but impossible in the presence of his followers, [232];
friction arises between Norwich authorities and the rebels, [232];
fight ensues, Norwich in his hands, [233];
unsuccessfully opposed by Marquis of Northampton, [234];
commands in Norwich for three weeks, [235];
disappointed at rising not becoming general, [236];
negotiates with Earl of Warwick, sent to suppress revolt, [237];
abrupt conclusion, and battle follows, [238];
his mistaken tactics and defeat, [239];
his followers surrender to Warwick, [239];
his flight and capture, [239];
tried, found guilty of high treason and condemned to death, [241];
hanged in chains in Norwich, [241]
Ket, William, [223], [239], [240], [241]
Knolles, Sir Robert, [156]
Knyvett, Sir Edmund, [236]
Langham, Simon, Archbishop of Canterbury, [144]
Langland, Robert, [145]
Langton, Stephen, appointed to archbishopric of Canterbury against King John’s wishes by Innocent III., [81], [82];
is driven into exile by the king, [82];
returns six years later, [85];
starts the movement for the Great Charter, [86];
frames articles for the Charter, [90];
disagreement with papal legate, [94];
works for preservation of peace during early years of Henry III.’s reign, [95];
his character and place in history, [96]
Laud, Archbishop, [252], [253], [256], [257], [260], [262], [272]
Legge, John, [147], [160]
le Despenser, Hugh, Justiciar, [126], [128], [134]
Lilburne, John, apprenticed to a cloth merchant in London and becomes friend of Prynne, [278];
charged before Star Chamber with circulating unlicensed books, and sentenced to be whipped, pilloried, and imprisoned, [278];
released by order of Long Parliament, [278];
fights at Edgehill and Marston Moor, where he is taken prisoner, [278];
leaves army in 1645 rather than take the Covenant, [279];
resists the tyranny of parliamentary government, [279];
heads the party in the army called the Levellers, [281];
again imprisoned and released in 1649, [282];
writes pamphlets against the government and is again imprisoned, [284];
petition presented to parliament for his release, [284];
tried for treasonable writings, [287];
fined and banished, [288];
goes to Holland, and returns, without permission, to London, in 1653, [289];
arrested and acquitted, [289];
again imprisoned by Cromwell for two years, [290];
converted to Quakerism, [290];
released and pensioned, [290];
dies at Eltham, [290]
Litster, Geoffrey, follower of John Ball in Norfolk, [143], [146];
his death, [168], [217]
Looney, [328]
Lovett, [319], [322]
Luard (quoted), [101–2]
Lyons, Richard, [161]
Macaulay, Lord (quoted), [264]
Malpas, Philip, [185]
Martin, Papal Legate, [110]
Matthew of Westminster (quoted), [127]
Maurice, C. E. (quoted), [95]
Mendall, John, a name by which Jack Cade was known, [175]
Moleyns, Bishop of Chichester, supporter of Duke of Suffolk, killed at Portsmouth, [174]
Montfort, Henry of, eldest son of Earl of Leicester, [133], [134]
Montfort, Simon of, second son of Earl of Leicester, [132], [133]
Montfort, Simon of, Earl of Leicester, son of first Earl of Leicester, marries Eleanor, sister of Henry III., and widow of Earl of Pembroke, [117];
boyhood passed in France, [117];
leaves for crusades, distinguished career in Palestine, [118];
returns in 1242, [118];
works with Grosseteste in his reforms, [118];
goes to Gascony for five years (1248–53) and deals with turbulent nobles, [118];
saves Gascony for English crown, and restores order in the province, [119];
Henry III.’s ingratitude, [119];
recognized leader of the barons on his return to England, [120];
successful in “Mad Parliament,” 1258, [122];
as “foreigner” yields castles of Kenilworth and Odiham, [123];
fresh difficulties with Henry III. in carrying out Provisions of Oxford, [124];
civil war imminent, 1264;
and many bishops and barons desert Simon, [125];
offers £[30],000 to king to make peace and adhere to Provisions of Oxford—proposal rejected, [126];
Battle of Lewes won by Simon, [126];
peace made, [127];
draws up new scheme of reform, the precursor of later representative government, [129];
fresh disturbances and defections, followed by renewal of war, [132];
Battle of Evesham, and death of Simon, [134];
interred in Evesham Abbey, [134]
More, Sir Thomas, born 1478, member of Cardinal Morton’s household, leaves there for Oxford, and later studies law in Lincoln’s Inn, [193];
friendship with Erasmus, [194];
spends four years with Carthusians, [195];
leaves Charterhouse, marries and enters parliament, [195];
opposes Henry VII.’s exactions, [195];
Under-Sheriff for the City, [196];
embassies to Flanders and Calais, [197];
enters Henry VIII.’s service, and rises rapidly to highest offices of State, [197];
happy domestic life, [198];
withholds support from king on his divorce from Catherine of Aragon, [203];
resigns chancellorship, [205];
declines to be present at Anne Boleyn’s coronation, [206];
unsuccessful attempt to implicate him in the “treason” of Holy Maid of Kent, [206];
finds himself unable to take oath denying papal supremacy, and is sent to Tower, [207];
indicted for treason, [208];
sentenced to death, [209];
beheaded on Tower Hill, [210];
beatified, [213]
Mortimer, name by which Jack Cade was popularly known, [176]
Mortimer, Roger, [132]
Newton, Sir John, Governor of Rochester Castle, taken prisoner by Tyler, [149];
sent with message from Tyler to the king, [154]
Nicholas, papal legate, [86]
Norfolk, Duke of, [202]
Northampton, Council of, [48]
Northampton, Marquis of (William Parr), [234]
Oastler, [323]
O’Brien, James Bronterre, [320], [321], [322]
O’Connor, Feargus, [320], [323], [329], [330]
Otho, papal legate, [109], [110]
Overton, Richard, [284]
Palgrave, Sir Francis (quoted), [22], [23]
Pandulf, papal legate, [83], [94]
Pankhurst, Mrs., [336]
Pankhurst, Christabel, [336]
Paris, Matthew (quoted), [100], [105], [108], [113], [117], [124]
Parker, Matthew, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, [231], [232]
Perkins, Corporal, [286]
Petibone, John, [232]
Place, Francis, [314], [319], [320]
Powell, Professor York (quoted), [30], [65], [91], [121], [135]
Prince, [284]
Pym, John, enters House of Commons, 1614, [260];
conspicuous in “Short Parliament,” [260];
supports Eliot in Buckingham’s impeachment, [261];
becomes leader of parliamentary party, [261];
canvasses England on horseback before “Long Parliament,” [261];
opens charge of impeachment against Strafford, [262];
active work in parliament, [263], [264];
makes overtures to the queen, [263];
impeached for high treason, [265];
takes refuge in city from Charles, [266];
secures Portsmouth and Hull for the parliament, [266];
his “solemn league and covenant” accepted by parliament, [269];
dies, 1643, and buried in Westminster Abbey, [269]
Rich, Edmund, Archbishop of Canterbury, [106];
retires to Pontigny, 1240, and dies, [109]
Richard II., agrees to interview with Tyler, [154];
allows himself to be dissuaded, [155];
sends to Tyler for written statement of grievances, [157];
agrees to a meeting at Mile End, [159];
assents to Tyler’s requests, [160];
second meeting at Smithfield, [162];
again agrees to Tyler’s demands, [164];
after Tyler’s death personally disperses his followers, [166];
the danger passed, rebels fiercely punished, [167];
formally annuls charters granted to Tyler, [168];
his death, [170]
Richard the Breton, [59–63]
Richard, Earl of Cornwall, half brother to Henry III., became King of the Romans, [118]
Richard, Earl of Gloucester, [121], [122], [124]
Rishanger, Chronicler for St. Albans (quoted), [121], [134]
Rockingham, Council of, [13], [15]
Roger of Wendover (quoted), [88]
Roper, William, son-in-law to Sir Thomas More, [195], [196], [202]
Roper, Margaret (his wife), [198]
Russell, Lord John, [321], [326], [329]
Sadler, [323]
Salisbury, Earl of, counsels Richard II. not to interview Tyler, [155];
at Smithfield, [163];
his death, [170]
Sanders, Henry, [297]
Say-and-Sele, Lord, treasurer to Henry VI., impeached for treason, [174];
arrested and taken to Tower, [181];
beheaded by Cade’s order, [184]
Scales, Lord, guardian of prisoners in Tower, [182];
in conjunction with mayor and corporation opposes Cade, [186]
Seldon, [252]
Shaftesbury, Lord, [323]
Sharpe, [328]
Sheffield, Lord, [234]
Sibley, Alderman, [156]
Somerset, Protector, [221], [236]
Stafford, Archbishop of Canterbury, Chancellor to Henry VI., [181], [187], [188]
Stafford, Sir Humfrey, [180]
Stafford, Sir William, [180]
Standish, Ralph, [165], [166]
Steward, Augustine, [234], [235]
Strafford, Earl of, [252], [256], [262], [263]
Straw, Jack, priest in Essex, follower of John Ball, [143];
acts as lieutenant to Wat Tyler, [149];
hanged without trial, [167]
Strode, [265]
Sudbury, Simon, Archbishop of Canterbury, [144];
his palace at Canterbury ransacked by Tyler, [152];
Lambeth palace stormed by Tyler and records destroyed, but building uninjured, [156];
beheaded by Tyler, on Tower Hill, [161]
Suffolk, Duke of, chief minister to Henry VI., [173];
impeached as a traitor, [174];
beheaded, [174]
Suffolk, Earl of, President of Richard II.’s council, [155], [163], [167], [170]
Sutherton, Leonard, [232]
Tonge, Alderman, [156]
Theobald, Archbishop, [33], [34], [36]
Thompson, Corporal William, [285]
Thompson, Cornet, [286]
Tressilian, Sir Robert, [167], [170]
Tyler, John, [148], [149]
Tyler, Wat, chosen captain of peasants at Maidstone, [149];
his recorded history can be followed for eight days only, [150];
his followers at first moderate, [151];
at Canterbury, [152];
bursts open gaol at Maidstone and releases Ball and other prisoners, [153];
sets out for London at head of [30],000 men, [153];
encamps at Blackheath, [153];
sends Sir John Newton with message to Richard II., [154];
interview refused, [155];
he marches on London Bridge, and destroys adjacent property, [155];
keeps his followers under strict discipline, [156];
demands interview with the king, [158];
conference at Mile End, [159], [160];
invites king to meet him again, at Smithfield, [162];
his demands agreed to, [164];
in sudden scuffle draws dagger, strikes Walworth, and is mortally wounded in return, [165];
his head exposed on London Bridge, [166]
Urban, Pope, [18], [19]
Vernon, [328]
Vincent, [321]
Von Hutten, Ulrich, [193]
Warwick, Earl of, High Chamberlain to Henry VIII., [236–240]
Walter, Hubert, Bishop of Salisbury, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, [69], [70], [73], [76], [77], [81]
Walter of Coventry (quoted), [85]
Walworth, William, Mayor of London, owns London houses of ill-fame, [155];
the same destroyed by Tyler, [155];
attempts to fortify London Bridge, [155];
urges king and council to action, [157];
at Smithfield, [163];
wounds Tyler mortally, [165];
knighted by Richard, [166]
Walwyn, [283]
Warham, Archbishop, [197]
Watson, a Norwich preacher, [229]
Waynfleet, William, Bishop of Winchester, [188]
Wellington, Duke of, [326]
Wentworth (see Strafford, Earl of).
Weston, Chancellor of the Exchequer, [252]
Wilberforce, William, [313]
William I., his character, [3];
condition of country under, [3–5];
death, [5]
William II., his character, [5];
condition of England under, [6];
appoints Anselm to Archbishopric of Canterbury, [10];
his quarrel with Anselm, [11–13], et seq.;
his death, [19]
Williams, [328]
Windebank, [262]
Winstanley, Gerrard, [286];
leader of the “Digger” movement, [293];
born in Lancashire, but settled in London as a trader, [294];
fails, and retires to the country, [294];
publishes pamphlets, social and religious, [295];
first action of the “Diggers,” [297–8];
appeals to General Fairfax against interference, [299];
receives little notice, [300];
makes further active efforts, [300];
movement suppressed, [300];
little known of him later, [301]
Wollstonecraft, Mary, [336]
Wolsey, Cardinal, [197], [201], [202], [203], [208], [217], [222]
Wraw, John, supporter of Ball in Suffolk, [143], [146];
follows Wat Tyler, [149];
at Blackheath, [153];
returns to Suffolk to announce rising, [153];
is hanged as rebel, [167]

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