APPENDIX L.
TABLE OF ELEVATIONS.
In the following tables I have given the elevations of 300 places, chiefly computed from barometric data. For the computations such observations alone were selected as were comparable with contemporaneous ones taken at the Calcutta Observatory, or as could, by interpolation, be reduced to these, with considerable accuracy: the Calcutta temperatures have been assumed as those of the level of the sea, and eighteen feet have been added for the height of the Calcutta Observatory above the sea. I have introduced two standards of comparison where attainable; namely, 1. A few trigonometrical data, chiefly of positions around Dorjiling, measured by Lieutenant-Colonel Waugh, the Surveyor-General, also a few measured by Mr. Muller and myself, in which we can put full confidence: and, 2. A number of elevations in Sikkim and East Nepal, computed by simultaneous barometer observations, taken by Mr. Muller at Dorjiling. As the Dorjiling barometer was in bad repair, I do not place so much confidence in these comparisons as in those with Calcutta. The coincidence, however, between the mean of all the elevations computed by each method is very remarkable; the difference amounting to only thirty feet in ninety-three elevations; the excess being in favour of those worked by Dorjiling. As the Dorjiling observations were generally taken at night, or early in the morning, when the temperature is below the mean of the day, this excess in the resulting elevations would appear to prove, that the temperature correction derived from assuming the Calcutta observations to correspond with eighteen feet above the level of the sea at Sikkim, has not practically given rise to much error.
I have not added the boiling-point observations, which afford a further means of testing the accuracy of the barometric computations; and which will be found in section J of this Appendix.
The elevation of Jillapahar is given as computed by observations taken in different months, and at different hours of the day; from which there will be seen, that owing to the low temperature of sunrise in the one case, and of January and October in the others, the result for these times is always lowest.
Moat of the computations have been made by means of Oltmann's tables, as drawn up by Lieutenant-Colonel Boileau, and printed at the Magnetic Observatory, Simla; very many were worked also by Bessell's tables in Taylor's "Scientific Memoirs," which, however, I found to give rather too high a result on the averages; and I have therefore rejected most of them, except in cases of great elevation and of remarkable humidity or dryness, when the mean saturation point is an element that should not be disregarded in the computation. To these the letter B is prefixed. By far the majority of these elevations are not capable of verification within a few feet; many of them being of villages, which occupy several hundred feet of a hill slope: in such cases the introduction of the refinement of the humidity correction was not worth the while.
SERIES I.—Elevations on the Grand Trunk-road. February, 1848.
No. of Elevation
Obs. Name of Locality Feet
——————————————————————————————————-
1 Burdwan 93
2 Gyra 630
3 Fitcoree 860
2 Tofe Choney 912
4 Maddaobund 1230
1 Paras-nath saddle B.4231
2 ,, cast peak 4215
1 ,, flagstaff 4428
1 ,, lower limit of Clematis and Berberis 3162
1 Doomree 996
1 Highest point on grand trunk-road 1446
4 Belcuppee 1219
1 Hill 236th mile-stone 1361
3 Burree 1169
1 Hill 243rd mile-stone 1339
3 Chorparun 1322
3 Dunwah 625
1 Bahra 479
1 284th mile-stone 474
2 Sheergotty 460
4 Muddunpore 402
1 312th mile-stone 365
3 Naurungabad 337
4 Baroon (on Soane) 344
4 Dearse 332
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SERIES II.—Elevations in the Soane Valley. March, 1848.
No. of Elevation
Obs. Name of Locality Feet
——————————————————————————————————-
3 Tilotho 395
6 Akbarpore 403
2 Rotas palace 1489
4 Tura 453
3 Soane-pore 462
6 Kosdera 445
4 Panchadurma 492
1 Bed of Soane above Panchadurma 482
3 Pepura 587
1 Bed of Soane river 400
9 Chahuchee 490
4 Hirrah 531
4 Kotah 541
4 Kunch 561
7 Sulkun 684
——————————————————————————————————-
SERIES III.—Elevations on the Kymore Hills. March, 1848.
No. of Elevation
Obs. Name of Locality Feet
——————————————————————————————————-
2 Roump 1090
9 Shahgunj 1102
1 Amoee 818
1 Goorawul 905
9 Mirzapore (on the Ganges) 362
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SERIES IV.—Elevations near Dorjiling. 1848 to 1850.
No. of Elevation Obs. Name of Locality Feet ——————————————————————————————————- Jillapahar (Mr. Hodgson's house) 9 ,, sunrise 7301 110 ,, 9.50 p.m. 7443 104 ,, noon 7457 99 ,, 2.40 p.m. 7477 93 ,, 4 p.m. 7447 37 ,, sunset 7447 ———- ———- Sum 452 Mean 7429 ======= Ditto by Monthly observations. ======= 27 January 7400 84 February 7445 37 March 7517 7 April 7582 83 July 7412 74 August 7421 95 September 7454 18 October 7351 ———- ———- Sum 434 Mean 7448 ======= ======= 103 The Dale (Mr. Muller's) B.6957 ,, by trigonometry 6952 16 Superintendent's house B.6932 ,, by trigonometry 6932 38 Colinton (Mr. Muller's) B.7179 25 Leebong B.5993 ,, by trigonometry 6021* 2 Summit of Jillapahar B.7896 2 Smith's hotel 6872 7 Monastery hill below the Dale B. 214.1 The Dale by barometer 6952 ———- 7166 Monastery hill by trigonometry 7165.3 ======= 1 Ging (measured from Dale) B.5156 12 Guard-house at Great Rungeet B.1864 2 Bed of Great Rungeet at cane-bridge 818 5 Guard-house at Little Rungeet 1672 8 Sinchul top 8655 ,, by trigonometry 8607 4 Saddle of road over shoulder of Sinchul 7412 4 Senadah (Pacheem) bungalow 7258 1 Pacheem village 3855 13 Kursiong bungalow B.4813 13 Punkabaree 1815 2 Rungniok village B.4565 2 Tonglo, summit B.10.078 ,, ,, by trigonometry 10.079.4 13 ,, Saddle below summit B.10.008 1 ,, Rocks on ascent of B.8148 4 Source of Balasun 7436 ,, by Dorjiling 7451 8 Goong ridge 7441 —————————————————————————————————— * To summit of chimney, which may be assumed to be 30 feet above where the barometer was hung.
SERIES V.—Elevations in East Nepal, October to December, 1848.
No. By By of Calcutta Dorjiling Obs. Name of Locality Barometer Barometer ——————————————————————————————————- Feet Feet 1 Source of Myong river 4,798 7 Myong valley, camp in 4,345 4,345 7 Myong valley 3,801 3,763 5 Purmiokzong 4,507 4,535 2 Shoulder of Nanki 7,216 1 ,, Shepherds' hut on do. 8,999 3 Summit of Nanki 9,994 10,045 8 ,, Camp on Nanki 9,315 9,324 3 Jummanoo 4,320 4,404 5 Sulloobong 5,244 5,311 4 Bheti village 4,683 4 Sakkiazong village 5,804 5,847 3 Camp on ridge of mountain 8,315 8,391 1 Peak on Sakkiazong 9,356 9,289 3 Makarumbi 5,444 5,525 3 Pemmi river 2,149 2,262 3 Tambur river at junction with Pemmi 1,289 1,487 1 Camp on Tambur, Nov. 13 1,418 1,496 3 ,, Nov. 14 1,600 2 Chintam village 3,404 8 Mywa Guola 2,079 2,185 3 Tambur river, Nov. 18 2,515 2,574 3 ,, Nov. 19 3,113 3,289 3 Taptiatok village 4,207 4,359 2 Loontoong village 5,615 5,738 2 Tambur river, Nov. 23 8,066 8,096 10 Wallanchoon village 10,384 10,389 6 Tuquoroma 12,889 12,999 1 Wallanchoon pass B.16,764 16,748 1 Foot of pass-road 13,501 13,518 4 Yangma Guola 9,236 9,322 2 Base of great moraine 12,098 12,199 2 Top of moraine above ditto B. 679 9 Yangma village camp B.13,516 13,488 1 Lake bed in valley 15,186 1 Upper ditto (Pabuk) B.16,038 4 Yangma valley camp, Dec. 2 10,997 11,001 1 Kambachen pass B.15,770 3 Camp below ditto 11,643 11,611 1 Kambachen village 11,378 2 Camp in valley 11,454 11,514 1 Choonjerma pass B.15,259 4 Camp below ditto 13,289 13,287 1 Yalloong river-terrace 10,449 4 Camp side of valley 10,080 10,035 3 Yankatang village 5,530 5,598 1 Saddle on road south of Khabili 5,746 8 Khabang village 5,495 5,515 1 Spur of Sidingbah, crossed Nov. 19 6,057 5,980 3 Yangyading village 4,082 4,145 4 Sablakoo 4,635 4,718 7 Iwa river, Dec. 12 3,747 3,818 2 ,, Dec. 13 6,134 6,184 4 Singalelah, camp on 9,263 9,328 1 Islumbo pass 10,388 ——————————————————————————————————
SERIES VI.— Elevations in Sikkim, December, 1848, and January, 1849.
No. By By of Calcutta Dorjiling Obs. Name of Locality Barometer Barometer ——————————————————————————————————- Feet Feet 4 Kulhait valley, camp in 6,406 6,374 6 Lingcham village 4,892 4,848 5 Bed of Great Rungeet, December 20 1,805 1,874 6 Lingdam village, December 21 5,552 5,556 6 Nampok village 4,354 4,501 7 Bhomsong 1,556 1,533 8 Mainom top Tr.10,702 B.10,613 1 Neon-gong Goompa 5,225 1 Pass from Teesta to Rungeet 6,824 6 Lingdam village 5,349 5,401 1 Great Rungeet below Tassiding 2,030 Tassiding tamples 4,840 5 Sunnook, camp on 3,955 4,018 1 Bed of Ratong 2,481 1 Pemiongchi temple 7,083 10 Camp at Pemiongchi village 6,551 6,616 9 Tchonpong village 4,952 5,003 1 Bed of Rungbi river 3,165 9 Camp on Ratong river 3,100 3,242 1 Doobdi Goompa 6,493 6,451 22 Yoksun 5,600 5,635 7 Dumpook 6,646 6,710 15 Buckim 8,625 8,693 7 Mon Lepcha top 13,090 13,045 21 Jongri B.13,170 13,184 1 Ratong below Mon Lepcha 7,069 7,217 1 ,, below Yoksun 3,729 3,851 1 Catsuperri lake 6,068 6,009 1 ,, temple 6,493 6,476 4 Tengling village 5,295 5,219 5 Rungbee river bed 3,230 3,350 5 Changachelling temple 6,805 6,850 5 Kulhait river 3,075 3,243 1 Saddle of Hee hill 7,289 6 Camp on Hee hill 6,609 6,744 ——————————————————————————————————
SERIES VII.—Elevations in the Sikkim Terai and Plains of India,
Gangetic Delta and Jheels.
No. of Elevation Obs. Name of Locality Feet —————————————————————————————————- 3 Siligoree Bungalow 302 12 Titalya 326 3 Sahibgunj (west of Titalya) 231 4 Bhatgong 225 4 Thakya-gunj 284 4 Bhojepore 404 5 Rummai 293 5 Rangamally 262 5 Belakoba 368 1 Mela-meli 337 6 Kishengunj 131 43 Mahanuddy river between Kishengunj and Maldah 153 24 ,, ,, Maldah and Rampore Bauleah 98 12 Rampore (Mr. Bell's) 130 13 Dacca (Mr. Atherton's) 72 54 Jheels, Dacca and Pundua *-.003 33 Megna river (June 1st-6th) +.008 13 Soormah (June 9th) +.048 4 Pundua (June 10th and 11th) +.018 3 ,, (Sept. 7th) -.016 5 ,, (Nov. 16th and 17th) -0.66 —————————————————————————————————- * The observations marked thus * are the differences in inches between the readings of my barometer at the station, and that at the Calcutta observatory, which is 18 feet above the sea-level.
SERIES VII— Elevations in Sikkim, May to December, 1849.
No. By By of Calcutta Dorjiling Obs. Name of Locality Barometer Barometer ——————————————————————————————————- Feet Feet 2 Mik, on Tendong 3,912 4 Namtchi, camp on spur 5,608 1 Tendong summit B.8,671 2 Temi, Teesta valley 4,771 Tr.8,663 4 Nampok, Teesta valley B.5,138 8 Lingmo, Teesta Valley B.2,861 5,033 4 Lingtam spur, Teesta valley B.4,743 2,838 4 Gorh, ,, B.4,061 4,867 2 Bling-bong, ,, B.2,657 4,195 8 Linga village, ,, B.2,724 2,711 10 Singtam, May 14 to 16 B.4,435 2,839 16 Singtam (higher on hill) Oct. 30 to Nov. 2 B.4,575 5 Niong 3,954 2 Namgah 4,229 7 Chakoong 4,371 4,443 27 Choongtam, May 5,245 5,284 37 Choongtam, August 5,247 5,297 4 Dholep, Lachen 6,120 6,145 4 Dengha, Lachen 6,337 6,399 3 Latong, Lachen 6,471 6,310 8 Kampo Samdong 7,315 7,344 1 Chateng 8,819 8,695 1 Chateng, lower on spur 8,493 8,343 33 Lamteng village 8,900 8,867 53 Zemu Samdong 9,026 8,926 1 Snow bed across Zemu river 9,828 4 Camp on banks of Zemu 10,223 10,271 74 Junction on Thlonok and Zemu 10,864 10,828 47 Camp on banks of Zemu river 12,064 12,074 1 Zemu river, June 13 12,422 1 Zemu river, higher up, June 13 13,281 2 Yeunga (Lachen valley) 10,196 43 Tallum Samdong 11,540 11,424 20 Tungu, July 12,779 12,723 30 Tungu, October 12,799 12,747 1 Palung plains 15,697 3 Sitong 15,372 2 Kongra Lama pass 15,745 15,642 5 Yeumtso (in Tibet) 16,808 2 Bhomtso (in Tibet) 18,590 6 Cholamoo lakes (in Tibet) 16,900 2 Donkia pass, October 18,589 2 Donkia pass, September 18,387 56 Momay Samdong 15,362 15,069 Measured from Momay 1 Donkia, September 13 16,876 17,079 1 Kinchinjhow, September 14 17,495 17,656 1 Sebolah pass 17,604 17,567 1 South shoulder of Donkia, September 20 18,257 18,357 1 Mountain north of Momay, September 17 B.17,394 1 West shoulder of Donkia mountain, Sept. 26 B.18,510
The following were measured trigonometrically.
Forked Donkia mountain Tr.20,870
Kinchinjhow mountain Tr.22,750
Tomo-chamo, east top of Kinchinjhow Tr.21,000
Thlonok mount, Peak on Tr.20,000
Chango-khang mountain Tr.20,600
Tukcham mountain, from Dorjiling Tr.19,472
Chomiomo mountain Tr.22,700
Summit of Donkia (from Donkia pass and Bhomtso) Tr.22,650
Tunkra Mountain, from Dorjiling Tr.18,250
By
Dorjiling
Barometer
48 Yeumtong 11,933 11,839
7 Yeumtong, October 11,951
By
Yeumtong
Barometer
2 Snow bed above Yeumtong B.15,971 16,000
3 Punying B.11,299
By
Dorjiling
Barometer
51 Lachoong village, August B. 8,712 8,474
12 Lachoong village, October B. 8,705
8 Lacheepia B.15,293 15,231
2 Tunkra pass B.16,083
3 Rock on ascent to ditto B.13,078 13,144
4 Keadom B. 6,609
3 Tukcham village B. 3,849
5 Rinkpo village B. 6,008
7 Laghep B.10,423
1 Phieungoong B.12,422
3 Barfonchen B.11,233
1 Chola pass B.14,925
3 Chumanako B.12,590
17 Phadong B. 5,946
3 Tumloong, Nov. 3rd and 4th B. 5,368
105 Higher on hill, Nov. 16th to Dec. 9th B. 5,976
1 Yankoong B. 3,867
2 Tikbotang B. 3,763
3 Camp, Dec. 11th B. 2,952
12 Serriomsa B. 2,820
11 Dikkeeling B. 4,952
2 Singdong B. 2,116
3 Katong ghat, Teesta B. 735
5 Namten B. 4,483
6 Cheadam B. 4,653
—————————————————————————————————-
SERIES IX.—Khasia Mountains, June to November, 1850.
No. of Elevation
Obs. Name of Locality Feet
—————————————————————————————————-
36 Churra (Mr. Inglis's) 4,069
167 Churra bungalow opposite church, August 4,193
102 Churra bungalow opposite church, Oct., Nov. 4,258
25 Kala-panee bungalow 5,302
63 Moflong 6,062
1 Chillong hill 6,662
9 Syong bungalow 5,725
1 Hill south of ditto 6,050
32 Myrung bungalow, July 5,647
6 Myrung bungalow, Sept. 5,709
9 Chela 80
63 Nunklow 4,688
6 Noukreem 5,601
10 Mooshye 4,863
35 Pomrang 5,143
12 Amwee 4,105
9 Joowye 4,387
3 Nurtiung 4,178
—————————————————————————————————-
SERIES X.—Soormah, Silhet, Megna, Chittagong, etc.
No. of Elevation
Obs. Name of Locality Feet
—————————————————————————————————-
27 Silhet (Mr. Stainforth's) 133
38 Soormah river, between Silhet and Megna 46
36 Silchar 116
24 Megna river +.020*
12 Noacolly (Dr. Baker's) -.039
10 Noacolly on voyage to Chittagong .000**
72 Chittagong (Mr. Sconce's) 191
8 Chittagong flagstaff-hill at south head of harbour 151
2 Seetakoond hill 1,136
16 Seetakoond bungalow -.069*
3 Hat-Hazaree -.039
12 Hattiah -.049
4 Sidhee -.039
17 Chittagong to Megna -.014**
10 Eastern Sunderbunds +.002
—————————————————————————————————-
* Difference between barometer at station and Calcutta barometer.
** The observations were taken only when the boat was high and dry,
and above the mean level of the waters.