Himalayan Journals — Volume 2 / Or, Notes of a Naturalist in Bengal, the Sikkim and Nepal Himalayas, the Khasia Mountains, etc.

by Joseph Dalton Hooker

WEIGHT OF VAPOUR IN CUBIC FOOT OF AIR

No. of Diff. Obs. Month Dorjiling Calcutta Calcutta ———————————————————————————— 102 January -2.68 -4.80 +2.12 97 February 2.75 5.40 +2.65 40 March 3.42 5.72 +2.30 23 April 3.98 7.65 +3.67 48 May 5.22 9.90 +4.62 40 June 5.39 10.17 +4.78 176 July 6.06 10.05 +3.99 167 August +6.25 +10.35 +4.10 185 September 5.72 9.88 +4.16 74 October 4.74 8.55 +3.81 46 Nov. and Dec. 3.40 6.27 +2.87 ———————————————————————————— 998 Mean 4.51 8.07 +3.55

It is hence evident, from nearly 1,000 comparative observations, that the atmosphere is relatively more humid at Dorjiling than at Calcutta, throughout the year. As the southerly current, to which alone is due all the moisture of Sikkim, traverses 200 miles of land, and discharges from sixty to eighty inches of rain before arriving at Dorjiling, it follows that the whole atmospheric column is relatively drier over the Himalaya than over Calcutta; that the absolute amount of vapour, in short, is less than it would otherwise be at the elevation of Dorjiling, though the relative humidity is so great. A glance at the table at the end of this section appears to confirm this; for it is there shown that, at the base of the Himalaya, at an elevation of only 250 feet higher than Calcutta, the absolute amount of vapour is less, and of relative humidity greater, than at Calcutta.

SERIES II.—Observations at various Stations and Elevations in the Himalaya of East Nepal and Sikkim.

ELEVATION 735 TO 2000 FEET.
EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————- 3 Katong Ghat. 735 Dec. 60.2 55.3 4.9 .447
Teesta river
2 Great Rungeet, at bridge 818 April 82.8 63.5 19.3 .588
1 Ditto 818 May 77.8 60.3 17.5 .528
3 Tambur river, E. Nepal 1388 Nov. 60.6 57.0 3.6 .473
1 Ditto 1457 Nov. 64.2 59.1 5.1 .507
6 Bhomsong, Teesta river 1596 Dec. 58.6 52.0 6.6 .399
1 Ditto 1596 May 68.2 66.4 1.8 .647
5 Little Rungeet 1672 Jan. 51.0 50.2 0.8 .377
5 Pemiongchi,
Great Rungeet 1840 Dec. 54.6 53.7 0.9 .424
11 Punkabaree 1850 March 70.1 55.6 14.5 .472
Ditto 1850 May 73.5 68.3 5.2 .687
10 Guard house 1864 April 73.7 63.8 9.9 .592
(Gt. Rungeet)
——————————————————————————————————-
48 Mean 66.3 58.8 7.5 .512

CALCUTTA.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
3 Katong Ghat. 735 Dec. 73.2 56.7 16.5 .468
Teesta river
2 Great Rungeet, at bridge 818 April 95.8 61.9 33.9 .557
1 Ditto 818 May 91.7 78.3 13.4 .947
3 Tambur river, E. Nepal 1388 Nov. 73.3 62.7 10.6 .571
1 Ditto 1457 Nov. 77.3 63.4 13.9 .585
6 Bhomsong, Teesta river 1596 Dec. 71.6 57.0 14.6 .474
1 Ditto 1596 May 82.6 77.4 5.2 .923
5 Little Rungeet 1672 Jan. 58.5 58.0 0.5 .489
5 Pemiongchi,
Great Rungeet 1840 Dec. 73.5 66.2 7.3 .642
11 Punkabaree 1850 March 79.2 62.6 16.6 .570
Ditto 1850 May 83.7 77.9 5.8 .938
10 Guard house 1864 April 92.4 67.0 25.4 .660
(Gt. Rungeet)
——————————————————————————————————-
48 Mean 79.4 65.8 13.6 .652

Humidity 0.717 Calcutta 0.663
Weight of vapour 5.57 gr. ,, 6.88 gr.

ELEVATION 2000 TO 3000 FEET.
EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
2 Singdong 2116 Dec. 60.5 53.4 7.1 .419
8 Mywa Guola, E. Nepal 2132 Nov. 66.2 57.5 8.7 .481
3 Pemmi river, E. Nepal 2256 Nov. 55.6 53.9 1.7 .426
3 Tambur river, E. Nepal 2545 Nov. 57.3 51.6 5.7 .394
2 Blingbong (Teesta) 2684 May 72.6 64.0 8.6 .597
8 Lingo (Teesta) 2782 May 75.8 67.3 8.5 .666
12 Serriomsa (Teesta) 2820 Dec. 64.1 56.8 7.3 .469
8 Lingmo (Teesta) 2849 May 68.6 64.6 4.0 .610
3 Ditto 2952 Dec. 56.4 53.5 2.9 .420
——————————————————————————————————-
49 Mean 64.1 58.1 6.1 .498

ELEVATION 2000 TO 3000 FEET.
EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
2 Singdong 2116 Dec. 72.1 52.9 19.2 .411
8 Mywa Guola, E. Nepal 2132 Nov. 75.7 68.7 7.0 .697
3 Pemmi river, E. Nepal 2256 Nov. 62.9 62.3 0.6 .566
3 Tambur river, E. Nepal 2545 Nov. 75.0 63.7 11.3 .591
2 Blingbong (Teesta) 2684 May 81.7 73.6 8.1 .817
8 Lingo (Teesta) 2782 May 90.7 77.7 13.0 .932
12 Serriomsa (Teesta) 2820 Dec. 70.8 62.4 8.4 .567
8 Lingmo (Teesta) 2849 May 87.9 74.9 13.0 .851
3 Ditto 2952 Dec. 69.5 66.5 3.0 .647
——————————————————————————————————-
49 Mean 76.3 67.0 9.3 .675

Humidity 0.820 Calcutta 0.740
Weight of vapour 5.45 gr. ,, 7.13 gr.

ELEVATION 3000 TO 4000 FEET.
EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
5 Kulhait river 3159 Jan. 49.8 47.0 2.8 .337
9 Ratong river 3171 Jan. 44.2 43.0 1.2 .294
3 Tambur river 3201 Nov. 53.0 50.0 3.0 .373
2 Chingtam 3404 Nov. 54.8 49.0 5.8 .360
2 Tikbotang 3763 Dec. 56.5 53.4 3.1 .419
7 Myong Valley 3782 Oct. 61.4 58.4 3.0 .496
7 Iwa river 3783 Dec. 47.5 45.6 1.9 .321
1 Ratong river 3790 Jan. 56.2 41.1 15.1 .275
3 Tukcham 3849 Nov. 68.8 65.4 3.4 .625
1 Pacheem village 3855 Jan. 54.5 46.3 8.2 .329
1 Yankoon 3867 Dec. 50.0 43.6 6.4 .299
2 Mikk 3912 May 66.1 63.9 2.2 .595
5 Sunnook 3986 Dec. 47.9 45.5 2.4 .320
——————————————————————————————————-
48 Mean 54.7 50.2 4.5 .388

CALCUTTA.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
5 Kulhait river 3159 Jan. 65.8 57.3 8.5 .477
9 Ratong river 3171 Jan. 69.9 56.6 13.3 .466
3 Tambur river 3201 Nov. 72.9 63.2 9.7 .582
2 Chingtam 3404 Nov. 74.9 73.0 1.9 .302
2 Tikbotang 3763 Dec. 68.0 61.8 6.2 .555
7 Myong Valley 3782 Oct. 80.7 71.2 9.5 .755
7 Iwa river 3783 Dec. 73.3 64.7 8.6 .611
1 Ratong river 3790 Jan. 75.8 53.0 22.8 .414
3 Tukcham 3849 Nov. 83.7 76.8 6.9 .904
1 Pacheem village 3855 Jan. 73.6 59.4 14.2 .513
1 Yankoon 3867 Dec. 69.1 63.8 5.3 .593
2 Mikk 3912 May 84.3 75.1 9.2 .856
5 Sunnook 3986 Dec. 69.4 61.1 8.3 .542
——————————————————————————————————-
48 Mean 74.0 64.4 9.6 .621

Humidity 0.858 Calcutta 0.732
Weight of vapour 4.23 gr. ,, 6.60 gr.

ELEVATION 4000 TO 5000 FEET.
EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
3 Yangyading 4111 Dec. 52.0 43.6 8.4 .300
4 Gorh 4128 May. 66.4 59.0 7.4 .506
2 Namgah 4229 Oct. 57.2 54.1 3.1 .429
3 Taptiatok (Tambur) 4283 Nov. 51.3 45.8 5.5 .323
7 Myong Valley 4345 Oct. 59.1 57.8 1.3 .487
3 Jummanoo 4362 Nov. 60.4 50.0 10.4 .374
6 Nampok 4377 Dec. 49.6 49.1 0.5 .362
7 Chakoong 4407 May 57.8 57.6 0.2 .483
10 Singtam 4426 May 62.4 61.7 0.7 .553
5 Namten 4483 Dec. 44.7 44.3 0.4 .307
5 Purmiokshong 4521 Nov. 60.5 56.5 4.0 .466
2 Rungniok 4565 Jan. 54.7 44.3 10.4 .307
16 Singtam 4575 O.&N. 63.8 60.1 3.7 .525
6 Cheadam 4653 Dec. 51.4 46.6 4.8 .332
4 Sablakoo 4676 Dec. 50.0 44.9 5.2 .314
4 Bheti 4683 Nov. 59.0 52.3 6.7 .405
2 Temi 4771 May 59.8 50.1 9.7 .374
4 Lingtam 4805 May 60.4 56.6 3.8 .467
7 Khersiong 4813 Jan. 51.0 45.2 5.8 .316
6 Ditto 4813 March 53.6 45.5 8.1 .320
3 Tassiding 4840 Dec. 52.0 46.6 5.4 .333
6 Lingcham 4870 Dec. 48.5 46.1 2.4 .327
11 Dikkeeling 4952 Dec. 62.0 55.3 6.7 .447
9 Tehonpong 4978 Jan. 49.4 34.7 14.7 .219
——————————————————————————————————-
137 Mean 55.7 50.4 5.4 .387

CALCUTTA.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
3 Yangyading 4111 Dec. 71.1 67.2 3.9 .663
4 Gorh 4128 May. 85.5 74.2 11.3 .834
2 Namgah 4229 Oct. 80.8 73.7 7.1 .819
3 Taptiatok (Tambur) 4283 Nov. 73.3 64.8 8.5 .614
7 Myong Valley 4345 Oct. 81.7 72.9 8.8 .797
3 Jummanoo 4362 Nov. 77.4 70.2 17.2 .731
6 Nampok 4377 Dec. 64.1 56.3 7.8 .462
7 Chakoong 4407 May 83.9 76.2 7.7 .889
10 Singtam 4426 May 88.6 79.0 9.6 .969
5 Namten 4483 Dec. 64.8 58.3 6.5 .495
5 Purmiokshong 4521 Nov. 79.2 69.5 9.7 .715
2 Rungniok 4565 Jan. 66.5 59.7 16.8 .517
16 Singtam 4575 O.&N. 82.5 76.7 5.8 .901
6 Cheadam 4653 Dec. 70.2 55.0 15.2 .442
4 Sablakoo 4676 Dec. 72.9 65.7 7.2 .632
4 Bheti 4683 Nov. 78.3 66.1 12.2 .639
2 Temi 4771 May 81.2 74.1 7.1 .834
4 Lingtam 4805 May 80.0 73.8 6.2 .820
7 Khersiong 4813 Jan. 67.0 49.8 17.2 .370
6 Ditto 4813 March 77.1 70.5 6.6 .738
3 Tassiding 4840 Dec. 79.7 60.8 18.9 .538
6 Lingcham 4870 Dec. 78.5 71.8 6.7 .771
11 Dikkeeling 4952 Dec. 80.8 62.0 18.8 .559
9 Tehonpong 4978 Jan. 71.0 54.7 16.3 .439
——————————————————————————————————-
137 Mean 76.5 66.8 9.7 .675

Humidity 0.837 Calcutta 0.730
Weight of vapour 4.33 gr. ,, 7.12 gr.

ELEVATION 5000 TO 6000 FEET.
EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
4 Nampok 5075 May 65.8 60.8 5.0 .537
4 Tengling 5257 Jan. 44.7 39.1 5.6 .257
2 Choongtam, sunrise 5368 May 54.9 54.7 0.2 .438
7 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, May 71.5 58.9 12.6 .504
5 ,, noon ,, May 71.0 59.4 11.6 .513
3 ,, 2.45 p.m. ,, May 66.4 59.4 7.0 .513
4 ,, 4 p.m. ,, May 63.5 59.2 4.3 .510
6 ,, sunset ,, May 61.4 60.5 0.9 .532
8 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, Aug. 76.3 66.1 10.2 .640
8 ,, noon ,, Aug. 78.8 67.8 11.0 .677
7 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, Aug. 72.9 66.5 6.4 .649
6 ,, 4 p.m. ,, Aug. 69.5 66.8 2.7 .655
8 ,, sunset ,, Aug. 66.9 65.4 1.5 .627
5 Salloobong 5277 Nov. 57.6 51.2 6.4 .390
6 Lingdam 5375 Dec. 44.3 43.0 1.3 .293
3 Makaroumbi 5485 Nov. 52.1 48.1 4.0 .350
8 Khabang 5505 Dec. 55.1 47.3 7.8 .340
6 Lingdam 5554 Dec. 45.0 43.7 1.3 .301
3 Yankutang 5564 Dec. 43.6 41.7 1.9 .280
4 Namtchi 5608 May 67.1 61.2 5.9 .544
6 Yoksun 5619 Jan. 42.7 34.0 8.7 .214
16 Ditto ,, Jan. 43.0 33.9 9.1 .213
2 Loongtoong 5677 Nov. 45.3 42.8 2.5 .292
4 Sakkiazong 5625 Nov. 54.1 50.9 3.2 .358
3 Phadong 8 a.m. 5946 Nov. 51.9 50.8 1.1 .383
3 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, Nov. 55.9 53.0 2.9 .413
3 ,, noon ,, Nov. 60.7 56.5 4.2 .465
3 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, Nov. 57.4 54.7 2.7 .438
2 ,, 4 p.m. ,, Nov. 55.5 52.8 2.7 .410
3 ,, sunset ,, Nov. 53.7 52.6 1.1 .408
3 Tumloong 5368 Nov. 64.2 62.6 1.6 .570
22 ,, 9.50 a.m. 5976) 54.1 50.0 4.1 .375
21 ,, noon ,, ) Nov. 57.3 51.7 5.6 .396
20 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, _ and 57.3 51.4 5.9 .391
21 ,, 4 p.m. ,, ) Dec. 54.7 50.5 4.2 .380
21 ,, sunset ,, ) 51.8 48.5 3.3 .355
——————————————————————————————————-
260 Mean 57.7 53.3 4.5 .438

ELEVATION 5000 TO 6000 FEET.
CALCUTTA.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
4 Nampok 5075 May 83.1 74.7 8.4 .845
4 Tengling 5257 Jan. 65.4 38.1 27.3 .247
2 Choongtam, sunrise 5368 May 78.2 73.9 4.3 .826
7 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, May 89.8 80.0 19.8 1.000
5 ,, noon ,, May 92.7 79.9 12.8 .999
3 ,, 2.45 p.m. ,, May 95.4 78.7 16.7 .959
4 ,, 4 p.m. ,, May 93.6 79.0 14.6 .971
6 ,, sunset ,, May 89.1 77.1 12.0 .915
8 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, Aug. 85.3 78.9 16.4 .967
8 ,, noon ,, Aug. 86.6 78.8 17.8 .965
7 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, Aug. 86.4 78.8 7.6 .963
6 ,, 4 p.m. ,, Aug. 85.3 79.3 6.0 .980
8 ,, sunset ,, Aug. 83.6 78.5 5.1 .956
5 Salloobong 5277 Nov. 79.4 65.8 13.6 .634
6 Lingdam 5375 Dec. 68.8 59.9 8.9 .521
3 Makaroumbi 5485 Nov. 72.5 60.5 12.0 .532
8 Khabang 5505 Dec. 75.0 64.7 10.3 .611
6 Lingdam 5554 Dec. 71.0 56.5 14.5 .466
3 Yankutang 5564 Dec. 69.5 63.1 6.4 .579
4 Namtchi 5608 May 87.8 74.9 12.8 .850
6 Yoksun 5619 Jan. 68.2 58.1 10.1 .492
16 Ditto ,, Jan. 66.2 51.9 14.3 .399
2 Loongtoong 5677 Nov. 72.1 63.8 8.3 .595
4 Sakkiazong 5625 Nov. 78.3 66.1 12.2 .639
3 Phadong 8 a.m. 5946 Nov. 75.0 67.5 7.5 .670
3 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, Nov. 80.9 67.9 13.0 .678
3 ,, noon ,, Nov. 85.6 64.8 20.8 .613
3 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, Nov. 86.6 62.2 24.4 .562
2 ,, 4 p.m. ,, Nov. 85.5 61.9 23.6 .557
3 ,, sunset ,, Nov. 80.6 67.4 13.2 .667
3 Tumloong 5368 Nov. 83.8 77.5 6.3 .924
22 ,, 9.50 a.m. 5976) 75.1 61.9 13.2 .557
21 ,, noon ,, ) Nov. 79.7 60.1 19.6 .524
20 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, _ and 81.3 58.0 23.3 .489
21 ,, 4 p.m. ,, ) Dec. 80.2 58.6 21.6 .499
21 ,, sunset ,, ) 76.7 61.2 15.5 .545
——————————————————————————————————-
260 Mean 77.6 67.8 9.8 .700

Humidity 0.865 Calcutta 0.730
Weight of vapour 4.70 gr. ,, 7.34 gr.

ELEVATION 6000 TO 7000 FEET.
EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
5 Runkpo 6008 Nov. 57.5 54.8 2.7 .440
11 Leebong 6021 Feb. 47.8 43.7 4.1 .300
11 Ditto ,, Jan. 47.8 43.4 4.4 .297
4 Dholep 6133 May 60.5 59.9 0.6 .520
2 Iwa River 6159 Dec. 41.2 40.5 0.7 .269
4 Dengha 6368 Aug. 66.7 64.0 2.7 .597
4 Kulhait River 6390 Dec. 41.9 41.9 0.0 .283
3 Latong 6391 Oct. 54.0 53.2 0.8 .416
1 Doobdi 6472 Jan. 46.6 36.2 10.4 .231
10 Pemiongchi 6584 Jan. 40.7 35.8 4.9 .228
4 Keadom 6609 Aug. 63.5 60.0 3.5 .523
6 Hee-hill 6677 Jan. 40.8 34.1 6.7 .215
7 Dumpook 6678 Jan. 40.2 31.8 8.4 .198
4 Changachelling 6828 Jan. 50.6 31.8 18.8 .198
——————————————————————————————————-
76 Mean 50.0 45.1 4.9 .337

CALCUTTA.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
5 Runkpo 6008 Nov. 79.5 73.4 6.1 .810
11 Leebong 6021 Feb. 74.9 59.7 15.2 .517
11 Ditto ,, Jan. 66.9 56.2 10.7 .460
4 Dholep 6133 May 89.4 81.4 8.0 .046
2 Iwa River 6159 Dec. 69.6 60.2 9.4 .527
4 Dengha 6368 Aug. 86.1 78.8 7.3 .962
4 Kulhait River 6390 Dec. 71.3 60.9 10.4 .539
3 Latong 6391 Oct. 55.5 44.1 11.4 .305
1 Doobdi 6472 Jan. 78.7 58.0 20.7 .490
10 Pemiongchi 6584 Jan. 66.3 54.4 11.9 .434
4 Keadom 6609 Aug. 79.7 77.5 2.2 .925
6 Hee-hill 6677 Jan. 64.0 58.0 6.0 .489
7 Dumpook 6678 Jan. 68.5 53.8 14.7 .426
4 Changachelling 6828 Jan. 68.3 53.6 14.8 .423
——————————————————————————————————-
76 Mean 72.8 62.1 10.6 .597

Humidity 0.845 Calcutta 0.701
Weight of vapour 3.60 gr. ,, 6.11 gr.

ELEVATION 7000 TO 8000 FEET.
EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
1 Pemiongchi 7083 Jan. 46.2 33.5 12.7 .210
2 Goong 7216 Nov. 49.0 48.5 0.5 .355
8 Kampo-Samdong 7329 May/ 59.1 58.2 0.9 .493
Aug.
1 Hee-hill 7289 Jan. 51.3 26.4 24.9 .163
1 Ratong river 7143 Jan. 36.5 25.3 11.2 .157
4 Source of Balasun 7436 Oct. 48.3 48.3 0.0 .352
8 Goong ridge 7441 Oct. 51.2 50.2 1.0 .376
——————————————————————————————————-
25 Dorjiling Mean 48.8 41.5 7.3 .301

CALCUTTA.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
1 Pemiongchi 7083 Jan. 76.8 51.8 25.0 .396
2 Goong 7216 Nov. 79.7 69.1 10.6 .705
8 Kampo-Samdong 7329 May/ 83.6 77.4 6.2 .922
Aug.
1 Hee-hill 7289 Jan. 72.8 56.6 16.2 .466
1 Ratong river 7143 Jan. 60.0 52.9 17.1 .412
4 Source of Balasun 7436 Oct. 81.2 73.7 7.5 .819
8 Goong ridge 7441 Oct. 80.7 66.9 13.8 .657
——————————————————————————————————-
25 Dorjiling Mean 76.4 64.1 12.3 .625

From mean of above and Dorjiling:
Humidity 0.826 Calcutta 0.668
Weight of vapour 3.85 gr. ,, 7.28 gr.

ELEVATION 8000 TO 9000 FEET.
EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
4 Sinchul 8607 Jan. 41.7 34.3 7.4 .216
2 Ditto ,, April 66.8 44.6 22.2 .310
1 Ascent of Tonglo 8148 May 56.2 54.4 1.8 .434
2 Tambur river 8081 Nov. 38.0 33.9 4.1 .213
3 Sakkiazong 8353 Nov. 49.7 37.4 12.3 .241
4 Chateng 8418 Oct. 43.8 43.2 0.6 .299
6 Buckim 8659 Jan. 30.2 22.8 7.4 .143
9 Ditto ,, Jan. 33.9 33.1 0.8 .207
1 Chateng 8752 May 67.2 60.7 6.5 .536
11 Lachoong 7 a.m. 8777) 53.3 51.1 2.2 .388
12 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, ) 60.2 55.3 4.9 .447
7 ,, noon ,, ) Aug. 61.6 57.1 4.5 .475
4 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, and 58.1 56.4 1.7 .464
7 ,, 4 p.m. ,, ) Oct. 58.6 53.8 4.8 .424
10 ,, sunset ,, ) 55.5 54.3 1.2 .432
12 ,, Miscellaneous ,, ) 55.9 49.6 6.3 .368
10 Lamteng 6 a.m. 8884) May 53.9 52.0 1.9 .400
10 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, ) June 62.8 56.2 6.6 .461
4 ,, noon ,, July 62.8 56.2 6.6 .461
5 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, ) and 58.3 54.5 3.9 .435
6 ,, 4 p.m. ,, ) Aug. 56.2 54.7 1.5 .438
8 ,, sunset ,, ) 53.3 52.5 0.8 .407
11 Zemu Sundong 7 a.m. 8976) 55.7 55.3 0.4 .448
11 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, ) June 59.7 52.8 6.9 .412
7 ,, noon ,, ) and 63.1 57.1 6.0 .473
6 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, _ July 61.0 58.6 2.4 .500
8 ,, sunset ,, ) 57.9 56.1 1.8 .459
10 ,, 4 p.m. ,, ) 53.8 52.6 1.2 .407
1 Goong 8999 Nov. 49.0 48.5 0.5 .355
1 Tendong (top) 8663 May 55.5 50.0 5.5 .373
——————————————————————————————————-
193 Mean 54.5 50.0 4.5 .388

CALCUTTA.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
4 Sinchul 8607 Jan. 66.3 56.9 9.4 .472
2 Ditto ,, April 96.9 75.4 21.5 .866
1 Ascent of Tonglo 8148 May 86.8 78.9 7.9 .967
2 Tambur river 8081 Nov. 71.7 64.1 7.6 .599
3 Sakkiazong 8353 Nov. 74.0 62.4 11.6 .566
4 Chateng 8418 Oct. 79.2 77.5 1.7 .926
6 Buckim 8659 Jan. 68.6 49.4 19.2 .366
9 Ditto ,, Jan. 69.8 52.2 17.6 .403
1 Chateng 8752 May 89.7 76.8 12.9 .904
11 Lachoong 7 a.m. 8777) 83.0 78.9 4.1 .967
12 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, ) 87.1 79.9 7.2 .999
7 ,, noon ,, ) Aug. 90.1 79.4 10.7 .983
4 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, and 88.0 80.0 8.0 1.007
7 ,, 4 p.m. ,, ) Oct. 87.5 79.4 8.1 .981
10 ,, sunset ,, ) 84.5 78.7 5.8 .959
12 ,, Miscellaneous ,, ) 85.9 75.2 10.7 .858
10 Lamteng 6 a.m. 8884) May 59.5 56.4 3.1 .464
10 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, ) June 88.3 78.7 9.6 .959
4 ,, noon ,, ) July 92.0 78.0 14.0 .939
5 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, and 92.2 78.4 13.8 .950
6 ,, 4 p.m. ,, ) Aug. 92.3 77.1 15.2 .914
8 ,, sunset ,, ) 88.1 77.4 10.7 .922
11 Zemu Sundong 7 a.m. 8976) 80.4 79.8 0.6 .997
11 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, ) June 86.3 79.0 7.3 .969
7 ,, noon ,, _ and 88.0 79.8 8.2 .994
6 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, ) July 89.6 78.2 11.4 .944
8 ,, sunset ,, ) 89.3 79.0 10.3 .970
10 ,, 4 p.m. ,, ) 82.7 77.3 5.4 .920
1 Goong 8999 Nov. 79.7 69.1 10.6 .705
1 Tendong (top) 8663 May 88.6 78.1 10.5 .943
——————————————————————————————————-
193 Mean 83.7 73.7 9.8 .847

Humidity 0.858 Calcutta 0.730
Weight of vapour 4.23 gr. ,, 8.75 gr.

ELEVATION 9000 TO 10,000 FEET.
EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
4 Yangma Guola 9279 Nov. 37.8 33.1 4.7 .207
8 Nanki 9320 Nov. 42.3 38.2 4.0 .249
4 Singalelah 9295 Dec. 36.2 35.7 0.5 .227
1 Sakkiazong 9322 Nov. 53.5 33.3 20.2 .209
1 Zemu river 9828 June 60.0 47.6 12.4 .343
——————————————————————————————————-
18 Mean 46.0 37.6 8.4 .247

CALCUTTA.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
4 Yangma Guola 9279 Nov. 72.7 61.4 11.3 .549
8 Nanki 9320 Nov. 52.2 48.3 3.9 .352
4 Singalelah 9295 Dec. 70.9 62.1 8.8 .560
1 Sakkiazong 9322 Nov. 80.0 57.3 22.7 .478
1 Zemu river 9828 June 93.3 81.9 11.4 1.062
——————————————————————————————————-
18 Mean 73.8 62.2 11.6 .600

Humidity 0.860 Calcutta 0.760
Weight of vapour 3.46 gr. ,, 9.00 gr.

ELEVATION 10,000 TO 11,000 FEET.
EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
13 Tonglo 10,008 May 51.5 50.2 1.3 .376
3 Nanki 10,024 Nov. 42.8 35.5 7.3 .225
4 Yalloong river 10,058 Dec. 37.7 29.6 8.1 .183
2 Tonglo top 10,079 May 49.9 47.9 2.0 .348
2 Yeunga 10,196 Oct. 45.9 44.7 1.2 .311
4 Zemu river 10,247 June 45.4 44.2 1.2 .306
10 Wallanchoon 10,348 Nov. 37.9 30.2 7.7 .187
4 Laghep 10,423 Nov. 46.0 42.4 3.6 .287
3 Ditto ,, Nov. 37.6 37.0 0.6 .238
16 Thlonok river 7 a.m. 10,846 June 48.5 47.2 1.3 .339
17 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, June 57.6 51.4 6.2 .392
9 ,, noon ,, June 56.1 50.6 5.5 .382
8 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, June 54.8 50.6 4.2 .381
9 ,, 4 p.m. ,, June 53.4 50.6 2.8 .381
15 ,, sunset ,, June 49.8 48.9 0.9 .359
4 Yangma Valley 10,999 Dec. 31.6 24.3 7.3 .149
——————————————————————————————————-
123 Mean 46.7 42.8 3.8 .303

CALCUTTA.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
13 Tonglo 10,008 May 88.8 80.8 8.0 1.030
3 Nanki 10,024 Nov. 79.5 65.8 13.7 .633
4 Yalloong river 10,058 Dec. 77.7 62.1 15.6 .560
2 Tonglo top 10,079 May 89.4 80.5 8.9 1.018
2 Yeunga 10,196 Oct. 79.5 77.1 2.4 .915
4 Zemu river 10,247 June 84.6 75.1 9.5 .856
10 Wallanchoon 10,348 Nov. 76.5 61.9 14.6 .558
4 Laghep 10,423 Nov. 80.9 68.0 12.9 .681
3 Ditto ,, Nov. 75.3 69.4 5.9 .712
16 Thlonok river 7 a.m. 10,846 June 79.0 75.1 3.9 .856
17 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, June 87.4 78.8 8.6 .965
9 ,, noon ,, June 90.0 79.3 10.7 .979
8 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, June 88.5 79.7 8.8 .991
9 ,, 4 p.m. ,, June 88.7 78.7 10.0 .962
15 ,, sunset ,, June 85.5 78.0 7.5 .938
4 Yangma Valley 10,999 Dec. 74.4 61.9 12.3 .558
——————————————————————————————————-
123 Mean 82.8 73.3 9.5 .826

Humidity 0.878 Calcutta 0.740
Weight of vapour 3.35 gr. ,, 8.70 gr.

ELEVATION 11,000 TO 12,000 FEET.
EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
3 Barfonchen 11,233 Nov. 36.8 31.9 4.9 .198
3 Punying 11,299 Aug. 50.2 49.5 0.7 .367
1 Kambachen village 11,378 Dec. 43.3 32.5 10.8 .203
12 Tallum 7 a.m. 11,482 July 50.4 47.8 2.6 .347
6 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, July 58.1 50.5 7.6 .380
8 ,, noon ,, July 57.9 50.8 7.1 .384
5 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, July 55.7 50.2 5.5 .377
6 ,, 4 p.m. ,, July 54.3 50.1 4.2 .375
6 ,, sunset ,, July 48.8 47.3 1.5 .340
2 Kambachen valley 11,484 Dec. 30.4 26.0 4.4 .161
10 Yeumtong 7 a.m. 11,887) 44.4 43.8 0.6 .302
9 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, ) Aug. 53.6 48.9 4.7 .360
5 ,, noon ,, ) Sep. 54.5 48.3 6.2 .353
7 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, _ and 48.8 47.4 1.4 .342
4 ,, 4 p.m. ,, ) Oct. 48.4 47.1 1.3 .338
10 ,, sunset ,, ) 42.0 35.9 6.1 .229
7 ,, Miscellaneous ,, Oct. 43.5 37.1 6.4 .239
——————————————————————————————————-
104 Mean 48.3 43.8 4.5 .311

CALCUTTA.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
3 Barfonchen 11,233 Nov. 76.3 69.6 6.7 .719
3 Punying 11,299 Aug. 84.5 78.8 5.7 .963
1 Kambachen village 11,378 Dec. 80.0 61.2 18.8 .544
12 Tallum 7 a.m. 11,482 July 85.0 80.3 4.7 1.010
6 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, July 88.1 79.7 8.4 .993
8 ,, noon ,, July 89.7 81.3 8.4 1.043
5 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, July 89.3 80.6 8.7 1.020
6 ,, 4 p.m. ,, July 90.3 79.4 10.9 .981
6 ,, sunset ,, July 86.6 80.0 6.6 1.001
2 Kambachen valley 11,484 Dec. 69.9 59.5 10.4 .515
10 Yeumtong 7 a.m. 11,887) 83.0 78.9 4.1 .967
9 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, ) Aug. 87.5 78.7 8.8 .959
5 ,, noon ,, ) Sep. 89.7 77.2 12.5 .917
7 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, _ and 87.2 77.2 10.0 .915
4 ,, 4 p.m. ,, ) Oct. 85.2 77.8 7.4 .934
10 ,, sunset ,, ) 60.6 58.5 2.1 .497
7 ,, Miscellaneous ,, Oct. 83.7 69.7 14.0 .720
——————————————————————————————————-
104 Mean 83.3 74.6 8.7 .865

Humidity 0.860 Calcutta 0.760
Weight of vapour 3.46 gr. ,, 9.00 gr.

ELEVATION 12,000 TO 13,000 FEET.
EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
9 Zemu river 7 a.m. 12,070) 46.6 45.6 1.0 .321
9 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, ) June 51.1 49.0 2.1 .362
7 ,, noon ,, _ and 51.1 50.2 0.9 .376
7 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, ) July 51.2 50.3 0.9 .377
7 ,, 4 p.m. ,, ) 49.7 48.9 0.8 .360
8 ,, sunset ,, ) 48.1 47.6 0.5 .344
2 Yangma Valley 12,129 Nov. 34.8 22.7 12.1 .143
1 Zemu river 12,422 June 49.0 46.6 2.4 .332
3 Chumanako 12,590 Nov. 37.3 28.3 9.0 .174
7 Tungu 7 a.m. 12,751 July 45.1 44.1 1.0 .305
5 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, July 53.1 48.6 4.5 .355
1 ,, noon ,, July 62.3 52.7 9.6 .409
1 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, July 60.0 53.8 6.2 .425
6 ,, sunset ,, July 46.4 45.3 1.1 .317
3 ,, sunrise ,, Oct. 38.2 35.0 3.2 .222
4 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, Oct. 46.5 42.8 3.7 .292
4 ,, noon ,, Oct. 46.1 42.0 4.1 .284
4 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, Oct. 43.8 42.1 1.7 .285
4 ,, 4 p.m. ,, Oct. 42.3 40.8 1.5 .271
6 ,, sunset ,, Oct. 41.0 38.7 2.3 .253
23 ,, Miscellaneous ,, Oct. 43.2 40.8 2.4 .272
13 ,, Ditto ,, July 51.3 47.4 3.6 .345
6 Tuquoroma 12,944 Nov. 26.0 23.4 2.6 .146
——————————————————————————————————-
140 Mean 46.3 42.9 3.4 .303

CALCUTTA.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
9 Zemu river 7 a.m. 12,070) 80.6 77.7 2.9 .931
9 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, ) June 84.5 75.1 9.4 .972
7 ,, noon ,, _ and 87.0 82.2 4.8 1.074
7 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, ) July 86.3 80.0 6.3 1.000
7 ,, 4 p.m. ,, ) 86.5 80.2 6.3 1.006
8 ,, sunset ,, ) 81.4 77.5 3.9 .926
2 Yangma Valley 12,129 Nov. 70.6 63.7 16.9 .592
1 Zemu river 12,422 June 93.2 79.6 13.6 .989
3 Chumanako 12,590 Nov. 75.1 73.8 1.3 .822
7 Tungu 7 a.m. 12,751 July 80.5 78.3 2.2 .949
5 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, July 87.1 79.4 7.7 .982
1 ,, noon ,, July 88.9 77.8 11.1 .935
1 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, July 85.3 79.5 5.8 .985
6 ,, sunset ,, July 84.7 79.1 5.6 .974
3 ,, sunrise ,, Oct. 79.4 77.8 1.6 .932
4 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, Oct. 85.0 78.6 6.4 .957
4 ,, noon ,, Oct. 85.0 78.2 6.8 .944
4 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, Oct. 86.4 78.8 7.6 .963
4 ,, 4 p.m. ,, Oct. 85.9 78.5 7.4 .956
6 ,, sunset ,, Oct. 83.3 78.2 5.1 .947
23 ,, Miscellaneous ,, Oct. 84.5 78.4 6.1 .950
13 ,, Ditto ,, July 85.7 79.0 6.7 .971
6 Tuquoroma 12,944 Nov. 75.1 60.8 14.3 .537
——————————————————————————————————-
140 Mean 83.6 77.1 6.5 .926

Humidity 0.890 Calcutta 0.815
Weight of vapour 3.37 gr. ,, 9.75 gr.

ELEVATION 13,000 TO 14,000 FEET.
EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
7 Mon Lepcha 13,090 Jan. 27.1 18.5 8.6 .122
4 Ditto 13,073 Jan. 25.6 16.4 9.2 .113
2 Tunkra valley 13,111 Aug. 45.0 43.5 1.5 .298
21 Jongri 13,194 Jan. 22.7 10.5 12.2 .091
1 Zemu river 13,281 June 46.7 46.7 0.0 .334
4 Choonjerma 13,288 Dec. 39.0 11.1 27.9 .093
10 Yangma village 13,502 Nov./ 33.8 18.6 15.2 .123
Dec.
1 Wallanchoon road 13,505 Nov. 28.0 9.5 18.5 .088
3 Kambachen, below pass 13,600 Dec. 40.0 18.6 21.4 .123
——————————————————————————————————-
53 Mean 34.2 21.5 12.6 .154

CALCUTTA.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
7 Mon Lepcha 13,090 Jan. 70.0 50.8 19.2 .527
4 Ditto 13,073 Jan. 71.7 49.9 21.8 .373
2 Tunkra valley 13,111 Aug. 81.2 78.7 2.5 .962
21 Jongri 13,194 Jan. 70.6 53.2 17.4 .417
1 Zemu river 13,281 June 92.9 86.6 6.2 1.230
4 Choonjerma 13,288 Dec. 69.8 61.8 28.0 .555
10 Yangma village 13,502 Nov./ 78.9 62.1 16.8 .561
Dec.
1 Wallanchoon road 13,505 Nov. 66.4 61.8 14.6 .555
3 Kambachen, below pass 13,600 Dec. 72.9 62.2 10.7 .563
——————————————————————————————————-
53 Mean 74.9 63.0 11.9 .636

Humidity 0.634 Calcutta 0.678
Weight of vapour 1.61 gr. 6.28 gr.

ELEVATION 15,000 TO 16,000 FEET.
EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
1 Yangma valley 15,186 Dec. 42.2 20.7 21.5 .133
1 Choonjerma pass 15,259 Dec. 34.3 10.5 23.8 .091
8 Lachee-pia 15,262 Aug. 42.0 41.6 0.4 .279
12 Momay, 7 a.m. ,, Sept. 39.4 34.7 4.7 .219
6 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, Sept. 50.9 41.7 9.2 .280
4 ,, noon ,, Sept. 51.7 43.6 8.1 .299
8 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, Sept. 49.7 41.9 7.8 .283
10 ,, 4 p.m. ,, Sept. 44.4 41.3 3.1 .276
16 ,, sunset ,, Sept. 41.5 38.6 2.9 .252
8 ,, Miscellaneous ,, Sept. 47.6 41.4 6.2 .277
6 ,, ,, ,, Oct. 40.9 36.5 4.4 .234
3 Sittong 15,372 Oct. 38.6 29.8 8.8 .184
2 Palung 15,676 Oct. 44.6 39.8 4.8 .262
1 Kambachen pass 15,770 Dec. 26.5 15.9 10.6 .111
1 Yeumtong 15,985 Sept. 44.6 43.7 0.9 .300
——————————————————————————————————-
87 Mean 42.6 34.8 7.8 .232

CALCUTTA.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
1 Yangma valley 15,186 Dec. 80.8 62.0 18.8 .559
1 Choonjerma pass 15,259 Dec. 77.9 60.6 17.3 .534
8 Lachee-pia 15,262 Aug. 85.5 79.4 6.1 .982
12 Momay, 7 a.m. ,, Sept. 80.5 78.8 1.7 .966
6 ,, 9.50 a.m. ,, Sept. 87.6 78.8 8.8 .963
4 ,, noon ,, Sept. 89.5 79.7 9.8 .990
8 ,, 2.40 p.m. ,, Sept. 90.0 78.3 11.7 .949
10 ,, 4 p.m. ,, Sept. 88.7 77.6 11.1 .928
16 ,, sunset ,, Sept. 84.2 78.4 5.8 .952
8 ,, Miscellaneous ,, Sept. 87.4 78.6 8.8 .956
6 ,, ,, ,, Oct. 83.9 69.3 14.6 .710
3 Sittong 15,372 Oct. 84.0 77.5 6.5 .926
2 Palung 15,676 Oct. 86.8 78.5 8.3 .954
1 Kambachen pass 15,770 Dec. 78.0 58.5 19.5 .498
1 Yeumtong 15,985 Sept. 88.8 80.5 8.3 1.016
——————————————————————————————————-
87 Mean 84.9 74.4 10.5 .859

Humidity 0.763 Calcutta 0.719
Weight of vapour 2.55 gr. 8.95 gr.

ELEVATION 16,000 TO 17,000 FEET.
EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
1 Kanglachem pass 16,038 Dec. 32.8 16.3 16.5 .110
3 Tunkra pass 16,038 Aug. 39.8 38.7 1.1 .252
1 Wallanchoon pass 16,756 Nov. 18.0 -6.0 24.0 .046
5 Teumtso 16,808 Oct. 32.4 25.1 7.3 .156
6 Cholamoo lake 16,900 Oct. 31.4 20.2 11.2 .130
1 Donkia mountain 16,978 Sept. 40.2 25.9 14.3 .160
——————————————————————————————————-
17 Mean 32.4 20.0 12.4 .142

CALCUTTA.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
1 Kanglachem pass 16,038 Dec. 80.7 61.1 19.6 .543
3 Tunkra pass 16,038 Aug. 86.0 78.7 7.3 .959
1 Wallanchoon pass 16,756 Nov. 79.9 57.6 22.3 .483
5 Teumtso 16,808 Oct. 85.0 75.7 9.3 .872
6 Cholamoo lake 16,900 Oct. 79.8 68.4 11.4 .690
1 Donkia mountain 16,978 Sept. 87.6 78.8 18.8 .963
——————————————————————————————————-
17 Mean 83.2 70.1 13.3 .752

Humidity 0.640 Calcutta 0.658
Weight of vapour 1.53 gr. 7.80 gr.

ELEVATION 17,000 TO 18,500 FEET.
EASTERN NEPAL AND SIKKIM.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
1 Kinchinjhow 17,624 Sept. 47.5 30.9 16.6 .191
1 Sebolah pass 17,585 Sept. 46.5 34.6 11.9 .218
1 Donkin mountain 18,307 Sept. 38.8 35.3 3.5 .224
3 Bhomtso 18,450 Oct. 54.0 4.4 49.6 .072
2 Donkia pass 18,466 Sept. 41.8 30.3 11.5 .188
2 Ditto 18,466 Oct. 40.1 25.0 15.1 .155
——————————————————————————————————-
10 Mean 44.8 26.8 18.0 .175

CALCUTTA.
No. of
Obs. Locality Elev. Month Tem. D.P. Diff. Tens
——————————————————————————————————-
1 Kinchinjhow 17,624 Sept. 85.7 79.7 16.0 .991
1 Sebolah pass 17,585 Sept. 88.8 80.0 18.8 1.002
1 Donkin mountain 18,307 Sept. 90.7 79.3 11.4 .981
3 Bhomtso 18,450 Oct. 91.1 61.1 20.0 .543
2 Donkia pass 18,466 Sept. 84.1 78.4 15.7 .950
2 Ditto 18,466 Oct. 86.5 65.5 21.0 .627
——————————————————————————————————-
10 Mean 87.8 74.0 12.2 .849

Humidity 0.532 Calcutta 0.648
Weight of vapour 1.90 gr. 8.78 gr.