CHICAGO MASSACRE OF 1812

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS

JOSEPH KIRKLAND

AUTHOR OF "THE STORY OF CHICAGO," "ZURY, THE MEANEST MAN
IN SPRING COUNTY," "THE MC VEYS, AN EPISODE,"
"THE CAPTAIN OF COMPANY K," ETC.

CHICAGO

THE DIBBLE PUBLISHING COMPANY

334 DEARBORN STREET

1893

LIBBY & SHERWOOD PRINTING CO.
CHICAGO.

[AUTHOR'S PREFACE.]

History is not a snap-shot. Events happen, and the true record of them follows at a distance. Sometimes the early report is too voluminous, and it takes time to reduce it to truth by a winnowing process that divides chaff from grain. This has been the case regarding every great modern battle. Sometimes, on the other hand, the event was obscure and became important through the rise of other, later conditions; in which case, instead of winnowing, the historian sets himself to gleaning the field and making his grist out of scattered bits of its fruitage. This has been the case regarding the Chicago massacre of 1812.

It was only a skirmish and a slaughter, involving the loss of three-score lives. But those dead men, women and children were the fore-runners of all the dwellers in one of the greatest cities of Christendom, the renowned city of Chicago.

Up to less than twenty years ago it was thought—by the few who gave the matter any thought—that next to nothing could ever be found out concerning the events which took place in and about Fort Dearborn—now Chicago—on August 15, 1812, and the time immediately before and after that day. All that was then known was contained in the artless, non-historic narrative contained in Mrs. Kinzie's amusing and delightful story of her own adventures (1831-1833), into which she wove, as a mere episode, the scattered reminiscences of members of her family who had taken part in the tragedy of twenty years before.

But in 1881, ten years after the Great Fire had wiped out all old Chicago, and all records of older Chicago, the Historical Society happily took up the task of erecting a "massacre memorial tablet" on the ground where Fort Dearborn had stood. William M. Hoyt generously gave the necessary money, and the Hon. John Wentworth ably and devotedly set himself about gathering, from all over the land, every item which could be gleaned to throw light on the dark and dreadful event. How well he succeeded is shown by his book, "Fort Dearborn," published by the Fergus Printing Company as number 16 in its admirable Historical Series; a collection of pamphlets which should form part of every library in the city.

Exhaustive as was Mr. Wentworth's research, yet the last word had not been said. There was—and is—still living, the Hon. Darius Heald, son of the Captain (Nathan) Heald who commanded the whites on the fatal day, and who, with his wife, was sorely wounded in the fray. The son had heard, a hundred times, his parents' story of the massacre; and his repetition of that story taken down in short-hand from his own lips, forms the main part of the strictly new matter I offer in this book.

Much of the contents of the following pages, which has been published before, is not marked as quotation, for the reason that it is my own writing, having been included in my "Story of Chicago," published by the same house which publishes this book. (Many of the illustrations are also taken from this same source.) On the other hand, much that is marked in quotation is also my own work; but as it is part of my contribution to Munsell & Company's large "History of Chicago" which is still in press, credit is invariably given to the last-named work.

All I could find, on this fascinating theme, I have faithfully recorded. If a later gleaner shall find more, no one will be more glad than will I, to welcome it.

Joseph Kirkland.

[TABLE OF CONTENTS.]

PART I.

Saturday, August Fifteenth, 1812.

Scene at dawn; page [19]:—Mothers and children; Captain Wells and his Miamis; his niece, Rebekah Heald; why he blackened his face; the Dead March; the Fort cattle; Indian follies; [20]:—Margaret Helm, the authority for Mrs. Kinzie's narrative in Wau-Bun; [21]:—Ensign Ronan's insubordination; Rebekah Heald's version as reported by her son, Darius; [22]:—Evacuation of the fort; Captain Heald's force; Kinzie family; they take boat; [23]:—To-pee-nee-be's warning; line of march; [24]:—Pottowatomie "escort;" [25]:—Wau-Bun narrative begins; the attack; [27]:—Surgeon Van Voorhees; [28]:—Black Partridge rescues Mrs. Helm; scene portrayed in bronze group; [29]:—John Kinzie reports safety of Lieutenant Helm; Captain Wells's scalp; Indians are kind to Mrs. Helm; she learns details of the struggle; a squaw tortures a wounded soldier; [30]:—English blamed for Indian alliance; Mrs. Heald's narrative begins; similar to Mrs. Helm's; the sand-ridges; [31]:—Captain Wells orders and leads the charges; the battle thus foolishly lost; signal for surrender; [32]:—The twelve militia-men; Captain Heald's wound; [33]:—Mrs. Heald's six wounds; particulars of Wells's death; Indians cut out his heart and eat it; [34]:—"Epeconier!"; his noble self-sacrifice; relics in the Calumet Club; [35]:—Mrs. Heald fights for her blanket; [36]:—Stripped of her jewelry; what became of it; articles redeemed and still in existence; [37]:—Chandonnais saves the Healds' lives; wounded prisoners tortured to death; [38]:—Fatal blot on the Indian race; Mrs. Helm's report goes on at second hand; variance with Captain Heald's; [39]:—The latter casts no slurs; [40]:—One Indian kills twelve children in the baggage-wagon; Mrs. Helm's incredible account of Wells's death; [41]:—True-seeming tale of the Kinzies' escape; doubtful statement about Mrs. Heald; [42]:—Kinzies again in the old house; Indians burn the fort; they guard the Kinzies, Wabash hostiles come; [44]:—Peril and panic; [45]:—Saved by Billy Caldwell, the Sau-ga-nash; [46]:—Sukey Corbin's fate, as told by Mrs. Jouett; [48]:—Possibility that a narrative by Lieutenant Helm may exist, Indian traits; [49]:—What is next to be shown; [50].