Modern Illustration

by Joseph Pennell

CHAPTER VII.

CONCLUSION.

I have tried to show the methods of modern illustration, and to give a sketch of its present conditions. It would be absurd to prophesy its future, though I believe it will have a very brilliant one. Much of the work that is being turned out to-day is beneath contempt; much of it is done by young men who are absolutely uneducated, and an illustrator requires education as much as an author; much of it is done by people who are too careless, or too stupid, to read or to understand the MSS. which they illustrate. Thus, in looking through late numbers of a magazine, I learn that all the policemen in New York wear patent leather shoes; while from another I find that when people are very poor in France, they rock their babies in log cabin cradles, cook their meals on American stoves and sit upon Chippendale chairs.

BY A. J. GASKIN. FROM “OLD FAIRY TALES” (METHUEN AND CO.).

But it is a pleasure to turn from budding geniuses of this sort and photographic hacks; from the gentlemen who copy the imperfections of the woodcut of the Middle Ages; from the people who enlarge the borders of their magazines with decorations that neither belong to our own time, nor are good examples of any other; from those who have succeeded in making a certain portion of the world believe that clumsy eccentricity is a cloak for all the sins in the artistic calendar, to illustrators who are calmly and quietly pursuing their profession, and producing work which may even drag other portions of the magazine or book, to which they contribute, to an unmerited immortality.

BY LAURENCE HOUSMAN. FROM “A FARM IN FAIRYLAND” (KEGAN PAUL).

I do not pretend to foretell what the ultimate form of the book of the future, or of the magazine either, may be. But I do believe that illustration is as important as any other branch of art, will live as long as there is any love for art, long after the claims of the working classes have been forgotten, and the statues of the statesmen, who are the newspaper heroes of to-day, have crumbled into dust, unless preserved because a sculptor of distinction produced them.

Illustration is an important, vital, living branch of the fine arts, and it will flourish for ever.

BY COTMAN. FROM AN ETCHING IN “ARCHITECTURAL ANTIQUITIES OF NORMANDY.”

---

FOOTNOTES

[1] The Spanish photographer to whom was given the commission by Messrs. Bell to photograph the Goya drawings in the Museum of the Prado, never carried it out. For nearly a year they have been promised manyana, but the to-morrow has not yet dawned.

[2] The "Pall Mall Magazine" has just commenced to index artists and engravers completely.

[3] This is a combination of illumination and printing, the illustrations being original drawings by Dürer. The text is printed; but two or three copies exist.

[4] See "Literary Remains of Albert Dürer," and F. Didot's "Gravure sur Bois."

[5] Some of Ratdolt's are among the exceptions.

[6] The printing is, however, always bad.

[7] So far as I know, the original of that system of abomination.

[8] My own copy, apparently a first edition, is dated 1836.

[9] Charles Whittingham, the founder of the Chiswick Press, who died in 1840, has the credit of being the first printer in England to use overlays, and as an early example might be mentioned, "The Gardens and Menageries of the Zoological Society delineated," published by Tilt in 1830, containing drawings by William Harvey, engraved by Branston and Wright, assisted by other artists.

[10] Rather English and French, Andrew, Best, Leloir.

[11] I am mistaken in this, as many of Pinwell and North's drawings, made on paper in 1865-66 for Dalziel, were photographed on wood.

[12] First edition 1889.

[13] There are two or three seventeenth-century drawings on the wood at South Kensington, and some, I believe, in the British Museum.

[14] On paper.

[15] At least, he was the first man to do important artistic wood-engraving.

[16] In France the credit for the invention is given to Dr. Donné, who, about 1840, discovered that certain acids could be used to bite in the whites or the blacks of a daguerreotype. See also French chapter.

[17] This method, I believe, is no longer used.

[18] Adrian Marie and Emile Bayard died lately.

[19] See note p. 78.

[20] I did not mean I hoped it would die. It has now ceased to appear.

[21] S. Read was the first artist correspondent; he worked during the Crimean War.

[22] I do not mean to say that the American idea of having artists for art editors is unique. Everyone knows the good editorial work that has been done, and is still being done by Mr. Bale, Mr. W. L. Thomas, Mr. Thomson, Mr. Mason Jackson, Mr. L. Raven-Hill, to mention no others.

---

INDEX.

Abbey, E. A., "Herrick," [123];
"Old Songs" and "Quiet Life," [106], [124];
"She Stoops to Conquer," [124];
"Shakespeare," [124].
"Abbotsford" Waverley Novels, [26].
Ache, Caran d', [66];
"Courses dans l'Antiquité," "Carnet de Chéques," "Albums," etc., [67], [79].
Adams, J. A., [29].
Albrecht, E., [78].
Alexander, Miss, [xvii].
Allers, C. W., [78].
Allingham, W., "The Music Master," [88].
Ally Sloper's Half Holiday, [103].
American illustration, [xv], [30-32], [113], [130].
American Tract Society, [29].
Amicis, E. de, [70].
Andersen's "Fairy Tales," [108].
Andrew, [25].
Angelico, Fra, [3].
Angerer and Göschl, [72].
Anning Bell, R., [105].
Aquatint, [38].
"Arabian Nights" (Lane), [24];
(Dalziel), [91], [101].
Architectural drawing, [111].
Argosy, The, [90].
"Armée Française, L'," [60].
Armstead, H. H., [90].
Arnold, Sir Edwin, "Japonica," and "Japan," [126].
Art, L', [51].
Art, L', et l'Idée, [56].
Art Student, [35].
Artist-correspondents and their work, [112].
Artiste, L', [18], [22], [60].
Auriol, Georges, [63], [68].
Avril, Paul, "La Dame aux Camélias," [62].
Babbage, F., [xxiv].
Bacher, Otto, [127], [130].
Bale, Edwin, [115].
Bambou, Le, [56].
Barnard, Fred., [xxiv], [108].
Barnes, R., [108].
Batten, J. D., illustrations to Fairy Tales, [105-106].
Baude, C., [48], [51], [69].
Baxter, W. G., "Ally Sloper," [103].
Bayard, Emile, [65].
Beardsley, Aubrey, [105];
Yellow Book, "Morte d'Arthur," and "Salome," [105].
Bennett, G. H., [89].
Bentworth, [25], [74].
Beraldi, M., [xiv].

Best, [16], [25].
Bewick, Thos., [xiv], [xvi], [8];
Walton's "Angler," [9];
Gay's "Fables," [9];
"General History of Quadrupeds," [9];
"British Land and Water Birds," [9];
as engraver-artist, [9], [10];
outcome of his work, [12], [17], [47], [88].
Bibliographers' duties with regard to illustrations, [xx].
Bibliographica, [xvi], [92].
Birch, Reginald, [127].
Blackburn, H., [81].
Black and White, [108].
Black and White Exhibition, Vienna, [72].
Blair's "The Grave," [9].
Blake, W., [9];
"Songs of Innocence" and "Songs of Experience," [10];
"Book of Job," [10];
Blair's "The Grave," [9];
Mary Wollstonecraft's "Stories," [10].
Blanco y Negro, [79].
Blum, R., "Japonica," "Japan," [126].
Böcklin, A., [76], [77].
Bork, [48], [73].
Botticelli, [3];
designs for Dante, [3].
Boydell's "Shakespeare," [12].
"Bracebridge Hall," [86].
Bradbury and Evans, [89].
Bradley, W. H., [124].
Branston, C., [12], [21].
Braun, [18].
Braun and Schneider, [76].
Brend'amour, Richard, [76].
Brennan, A., [126].
Brévière, [16], [18].
British Museum, [xv], [xix], [xx], [36].
British Workman, [96].
Brown, Ford Madox, [95].
"Brown, Jones, and Robinson," [84].
Browne, H. K. ("Phiz"), [89].
Bruant's "Dans la Rue," [68].
Buchanan's "The North Coast," [94].
Burckhardt, "Insects Injurious to Vegetation," [31].
Burges, W., [111].
Burne-Jones, Sir E., [xvi];
In Daily Chronicle, [xxiii], [95], [98].
Busch, W., [77].
Butler's "Hudibras," [19], [20].
Butterfly, The, [105].
Calcott, W., [24].
Caldecott, Randolph, illustration from "Old Christmas," [33], [84], [86];
Books for Children, [86].
Callot, [80].
Cameron, D. Y., [111].
Canaletto, [7].
"Caprices" (Goya), [80].
Capuana, Luigi, [71].
Caracci's "Christ and Peter," [10].
Caricature, La, [22].
Caricature, Political, [102], [103];
Ally Sloper's Half Holiday, [103].
"Carnet de Chéques," [67].
"Carols" (Gaskin, A. J.), [108].
Carpaccio, [2].
Carroll's "Alice in Wonderland," [102].
Casanova y Estorach, A., [71].
Castaigne, A., [127].
"Catalogue of Blue and White Nankin Porcelain," [95].
Century Magazine, [xix], [34], [40], [114], [116].
"Cera una Volta," [71].
Cervante's "Don Quixote," [21].
Champfleury's "Vignettes Romantiques," [xviii].
Chapman, J. G., drawings for the "Illuminated Bible," [29].
Charlet, [17], [60].
"Chaumière Indienne," [20].
Chelminski, [73].
Chéret, [68].

Chiaroscuro, engraving in, [48].
Chiswick Press, [21].
Chodowiecki, [7].
Christopher, St., [6], [34], [36].
Church, F. S., [129].
Cleaver, Reginald, [106].
Clennell, Luke, [11], [12].
Clichés, early use of, [7].
Closson, W. B., [129].
Cole, Timothy, [47], [48], [108], [129].
Colvin, Prof. S., [xv].
Conquet, [63].
"Contes Remois," [24].
Cooper, A. W., illustration to Walton's "Angler," [32].
Cooper, J. D., [xxiv].
Corbould, A., [21].
Cornhill, The, [28], [84], [89];
"Gallery," [94].
Cotman, F. G., [38], [111].
"Coups de Fusil," [60].
Courboin, E., [66].
Courrier Français, Le, [51].
"Courses dans l'Antiquité," [67].
Cox, Kenyon, [126].
Crane, Walter, [28];
"King Luckyboy's Party," "The Baby's Opera," "Baby's Bouquet," [86], [99].
Crowther, T. S., [104].
Cruikshank, George, "Three Courses and a Dessert," [22-24], [83], [88].
Curmer, L., "Paul et Virginie," [20].
Cust, Lionel, [xv].
Daheim, [78].
Daily Chronicle, [xvii], [xxi], [xxiii].
Daily Graphic, [117].
Dalziel Brothers, [28], [35];
"Bible Gallery," [35], [95], [88], [90], [91];
"Arabian Nights' Entertainments," [91-93];
"Wayside Posies" and Ingelow's "Poems," [94];
"English Rustic Pictures," [95], [109].
Dalziel, E., [93].
"Daphnis and Chloe," [105].
Darley, F. O. C., [28].
Dasio, Max, [77].
Daubigny, [17].
Daumier, [17];
La Caricature, [22], [38], [60].
Davidson, H., [129].
Davis, J. P., [129].
Davison, T. R., [111].
Defoe's "Plague," [101].
Delacroix, [23], [80].
De Neuville, A., [51], [60];
"Coups de Fusil," [60];
Guizot's "History of France," [60];
"En Campagne," [60].
"Dentatus, The," [49].
Dentu's Le Bambou, [56];
"Tartarin de Tarascon," [61].
Derniame, Aristide, [20].
Detaille, E., [51];
"L'Armée Française," [60].
Dial, The, [105].
Dickens, C., [83].
Didot, F., "Gravure sur Bois," [5].
Dietz, W., [25], [75].
"Dinner at Greenwich," [84].
Dobson, Austin, [xiv], [xviii], [81], [84];
"Beau Brocade," [106].
Dœpler, C. E., [29].
Donné, Dr., [40].
Doré, G., [31], [32], [51], [58];
characterization of his work, [58-60], [63], [93].
Doyle, R., [83];
"Brown, Jones, and Robinson," [84], [89].
Drake, A. W., [114], [115], [127].
Du Maurier, G., [28], [39], [84], [101], [103].
Durand, [108].
Durand, Amand, photogravure process of, [44].
Dürer, A., [xxii], [3];
illustrations to "Maximilian's Missal," [3];
decorative designs, [4];
his criticism on his wood-engravers, [5];
an Apollo drawing, [36].

Duveneck, Frank, [130].
Dys, Habert, [65].
Echo de Paris, L', [54].
Eckhardt, Oscar, [104].
Edelfelt, A., [73].
Edwards, G. W., [124].
Elgin Marbles, [xxii].
Elsevir, [71].
"En Campagne," [60].
"English Rustic Pictures," [95].
"Enterrement de Province," [69].
Estampe Originale, L', [69].
Etching, [111];
American, [130];
Cassell's "Portfolios," [130].
Evans, Edmund, [xxiv], [87], [109].
Everal et Cie., [21].
"Examples of Venetian Architecture," [85].
Ex-Libris Series, Editor, [xiii], [xiv].
Fau, F., [61].
Felz und Meer, [78].
Fenn, Harry, "Picturesque Europe and America," [31], [127].
Fernandez, G., [79].
Ferris, Stephen, [130].
Figaro, Le, [54].
Fildes, Luke, [xxiv], [86].
Fliegende Blätter, [xvii], [25], [75-78].
Florian, [48], [51], [57], [69].
"Fontaine, La," [8].
Foote, Mrs. Mary H., [127].
Forain, J. L., [66];
Album, [68].
Ford, H. J., [106].
Forget-me-Not, [13], [34].
Forrestier, A., [108].
Fortuny, M., [50], [71], [79], [126].
Foster, Birket, [xv], [xxiv], [26-29], [84];
"Pictures of English Landscape," [91];
"Odes and Sonnets," [91], [103].
"François le Champi," [62].
Fraser, Lewis, [114], [115].
Fredericks, Alfred, [30].
"Frederick the Great's Works," [74].
French, Frank, [129].
Frost, A. B., [126].
Furniss, Harry, [102].
Galice, L., [61].
Gamm, [48], [129].
Gardner, W. Biscombe, [48], [109].
Gaskin, A. J., [108].
Gaul, Gilbert, [126].
Gautier, T., [80].
Gavarni, [17];
Gazette des Enfants, lithographs in, [22], [38], [57], [60], [79].
Gazette des Enfants, [22].
Gazette des Beaux-Arts, La, [51].
Gere, C. M., The Quest, [108].
Giacomelli, [65].
Gibson, C. D., [125], [126].
Gibson, W. Hamilton, [126].
Gigoux, Jean, [17];
Gil Blas, [19].
Gilbert, Sir John, [26];
Work for American Tract Society, [29], [84];
edition of Shakespeare, [89], [103].
Gil Blas, [54].
Gillom, B., [129].
Gillot, C., engraver, [40].
Gillotage, the process, [51].
Gillray, [84].
Goldsmith's "Vicar of Wakefield," [21], [61], [93];
"She Stoops to Conquer," [124].
Good Words, [28], [84], [88], [90], [91].
Gosse, Edmund, [xvi].
Gould, F. C., [102].
Goupil, [55];
Les Lettres et les Arts, [56].
Gourget, A. F., [61].
Goya, F., [xiv], [8], [20], [79], [80];
"Caprices," [80];
"Invasion," [80];
Bull-fights, [80].
Graham, Charles, [90], [127].
Graphic, [18], [34], [40], [65], [85], [92], [94], [96], [108].
Graphischen Kunste Die, [78].
Grasset, E., [63], [68].

Gray's, "Elegy," [24].
Green, Charles, [xxiv], [86], [101].
Green, W. T., [xxiv].
Greenaway, Kate, [86];
Children's Books, [87].
Gregory, E. J., [86].
Greiffenhagen, Maurice, [104].
Greiner, Otto, [77].
Greuze, [7].
Griset, Ernest, "Grotesques," [xxiv], [87].
"Gulliver's Travels," [93].
Guillaume, process and publisher, [56], [66].
"Guillaume" Series, [51], [62].
Guizot's "History of France," [60].
Hackländer, F., [78].
Haennen, T. von, [65].
"Half-tone" process,

[40].
Halkett, G. R., [102].
Hall, S. P., [86], [101], [112].
Hallward, Reginald, [108].
Hamerton, P. G., [81].
Harburger, [77].
Harding, J. D., [38], [110], [111].
Hardy, Thos., "Tess of the D'Urbervilles," [101].
Harper, C. G., [81].
Harper's "Illuminated Bible," [29].
Harper's Magazine, [xix], [29], [116].
Harral, H., [xxiii].
Harris's "Insects Injurious to Vegetation," [30], [31].
Hartrick, A. S., [104].
Harvey, William, [xxiv], [12];
Milton's "Poetical Works," [15], [16], [17], [18];
"Gardens, etc., of Zoological Society," [21], [24];
"Elegy" (Gray), [24];
"Arabian Nights," [24];
"Solace of Song," [24];
"Dentatus," [49], [88], [89].
Hassam, F. Childe, [126], [127].
Hatherell, W. H., [105].
Haug, Robert, [75].
Haydon's "Dentatus," [49].
Hendriksen, [48], [73].
Hengler, [77].
Henley, W. E., [xvi].
Hennessy, W. J., [xvi].
"Herbals," The, [37].
Herford, Oliver, [127].
Herkomer, Prof. H., [86];
Hardy's "Tess," [101].
"Histoire de Mobilier," [51].
"Histoire du Roi de Bohème," [18].
"Historical and Legendary Ballads," [94], [95], [102].
Hobby Horse, The, [108].
Hogarth, W., [7].
Holbein, Hans, [4], [7];
"Dance of Death," [34], [36].
Hole, W., [72], [111].
Holl, F., [86].
Homer, Winslow, [29].
Hooper, W. H., [xvi], [28], [48], [109].
Horne, Herbert, [108].
Horsley, G. C., [111].
Houghton, A. Boyd, [xvi], [27], [84], [86], [88], [90];
"Arabian Nights," [92];
Housman on his work, [92];
"Home Thoughts and Home Scenes," [92];
"Don Quixote," [92];
"Kuloff's Fables," [92];
Graphic drawings, [92];
"National Nursery Rhymes," [93];
"The North Coast," [94], [95], [101].
Housman, Laurence, [xvi], [92];
"Goblin Market," [106].
Huertas, [79].
Huet, Paul, [17], [20].
Hughes, Arthur, illustrations to Christina Rossetti's "Sing Song," [xxiv], [88], [96];
"Tom Brown's School-days," [96].
Hugo's, V., works, "Edition Nationale," [64].
Hunt, Holman, "Lady of Shalott," [88], [90].
"Hypnerotomachia," [4].
Ibels, [66].
Icke, H. J., [72].

Illumination, [3].
Illustracion Artistica, [71].
Illustracion Española y Americana, [71].
Illustrated London News, [27], [108].
Illustration, L', [51], [65].
Illustration, definition of, [1];
compared to art, [1], [2];
the old illustrator, [2];
the court painters, [2];
the subject and landscape painters, [2];
illumination of MSS., [3];
French illustration, [24];
modern development in, [33];
application of photography to, [34];
increase in its popularity, [34];
production of before the introduction of photography, [36];
French, [50-57];
decline of French work, [52];
decay due to publishers, [54];
Spanish, [71];
Dutch, [71], [72];
Belgian, Austrian, and Hungarian, [72];
Russian and Scandinavian, [73];
Danish, [73], [74];
German, [74], [75];
English, [82], [84];
revival in England, [96];
editors' bad judgments on, [97];
their bad influence, [97];
their ignorance, [90], [99];
evils of modern reproductions, [99];
ignorance of printers, [100];
modern copies of obsolete fads, [100];
colour printing, [109];
American, [113], [130];
reasons for American advance in, [116];
daily papers, [117];
future of modern, [131-134].
Illustrazion Italiana, L', [71].
Illustrirte Zeitung, [75].
Image, Selwyn, [108].
Indexing of artists' works, [xix], [xx].
Ingelow, Jean, "Poems," [94].
"International Society of Wood Engravers," [109].
Isabey, E., [17], [20].
Ispen, L. S., [124].
Ives' method of engraving, [40].
Jackson, Mason, "The Pictorial Press," [xviii], [32], [115].
Jacobi, C. T., [xvi].
Jacque, C., [17], [20];
"Vicar of Wakefield," [21].
Jacquemart, Jules, [51].
Jeanniot, P. G., [60].
Job, [66].
Johannot, Tony, [25].
Johannots, the Brothers, [17], [18].
Johnson, T., [129].
Johnstone, J. M., [xxiv].
Judge, [129].
Jüngling, Frederick, [48], [129].
Kaulbach, [76].
Keene, C., [28], [38], [39], [84], [89], [90], [104].
Keepsake, [13], [34].
Kepler, F., [129].
King, F. S., [129].
Kingsley's "Water Babies," [102].
Kingsley, Elbridge, [47], [48], [129].
Klinger, Max, [76];
his method, [77];
his "Apuleius," [77].
Knight, Charles, [24].
Koehler, S. R., [130].
Konewka, Paul, [76];
"Faust," [76].
Kreull, G., [48], [129].
Kreitzschmar, [25].
Kunst für Alle, [78].
Lacour, O., [xxiv].
La Farge, John, [29].
Lalauze, A., [64].
Lameyer, [79].
Lami, E., [23].
Landseer, Sir E., [24].
Lang, A., "The Library," [xviii], [81];
"Fairy Books," [106].
Langton, first use of photography for book illustration, [34].

Lanterne, La, [54].
Lathrop's "Spanish Vistas," [124].
Laurens, Jean Paul, [61].
Lautrec, H. T., [68].
La Vie Moderne, [51].
Lavoignat, [15], [17], [21], [24].
Lawless, M. J., [89].
Leech, John, [83], [84], [88], [89].
"Legend of the Portent," [89].
Legrand, L., [66].
Lehers, Max, [77].
Leighton, Brothers, [109].
Leighton, Sir F., [28], [89];
Cornhill "Gallery," [94], [95].
Leloir, M., [25], [61].
Lemaire, Mme., [62].
Lepère, A., [18], [47], [51], [69].
Le Sage's "Diable Boiteux," [21].
Les Lettres et les Arts, [56].
Leveille, [16], [24], [51].
Lhermitte, L., "La Vie Rustique," [61].
"Liber Studiorum," [27].
Lidia, La, [79].
Life, [126], [129].
Linnells, The, [10], [11];
"The National Gallery," [14].
Linton's "Engraving," [xviii];
on engraver and artist, [24], [28], [48], [86], [109].
Lithography, [38];
work by Prout, Harding, Roberts, Nash, [38];
revival in, [109];
Vanity Fair and chromo-lithography, [109];
photo-lithography, [109].
Low, Will. H., [126].
Lucena, Jiminez, [79].
Luders, Hermann, [75].
Lunel, F., [61].
Lungren, F., [126].
Lynch, Albert, "La Dame aux Camélias," [62].
Macbeth, R. W., [72], [111].
"Madame Chrysanthème," [62].
Magazin Pittoresque, [21].
Mahoney, T., "Scrambles amongst the Alps," [94], [101].
Mallows, C. E., [111].
Marchetti, [64].
Marie, Adrian, [65].
Marold, L., [57], [72], [78].
Mars, [66], [68].
May, Phil, [104];
"The Parson and the Painter," [104].
Meadows, Kenny, [88].
Meggendorfer, [77].
Meisenbach process, [40].
Meissonier, J. L. E., [8], [17], [20];
"Deux Joueurs," [21];
"Contes Remois," [24], [25], [50], [57], [60], [73], [74], [79].
Menzel, Adolph, [xx], [8], [24];
comparison with Bewick, [25];
"Life of Frederick the Great," [25];
"Paul et Virginie," [25], [73], [74];
his genius and work, [74], [75], [76], [88], [126].
Merson, Luc Ollivier, [64].
Metal, engraving on, [37].
Metcalfe, W. L., Stevenson's "The Wreckers," [128].
Métivet, L., [65].
Millais, Sir J. E., [28];
"St. Agnes' Eve," [88], [89];
"Parables," [90-92];
Cornhill "Gallery," [94];
Strahan's "Portfolio," [94].
Millar, H. R., [104].
Mitchell, G. C., [111].
Mitchell, J. A., Life, [129].
"Modern Painters," [85].
Monde Illustré, Le, [51].
Monnier, H., [17], [23].
Montalti, "Cera una Volta," [71].
Montbard, A., [108].
Monvel, Boutet de, [66].
Moran, Mrs. Mary Nimmo, [130].
Moran, Thomas and Peter, [30], [127], [128], [130].
Morin, Louis, [63].
Morris, William, [xvi], [108].

Morton, T., "Gulliver's Travels," [93].
Moxon's "Tennyson," [28], [88];
Macmillan's re-issue, [101].
Muckley, L. F., The Quest, [108].
Mulready, W., [24].
Murray, C. O., [111].
Myrbach, [54], [62], [72].
Nash, [38].
Nast, Thomas, [30].
Nesbit, [12].
Neue Lithographem, [77].
New, E. H., [108].
Newell, P., [127].
Newspapers, illustrated, [116], [117].
New York Daily Graphic, [117].
Niepce, [40].
North, J. W., [35], [93];
"Wayside Posies" and Ingelow's "Poems," [94].
Novello's "National Nursery Rhymes," [93].
Oberländer, [77].
"Odes and Sonnets," [91].
"Old Christmas," [86].
"Old Songs," [106].
"Omar Khayyam," [126].
Once a Week, [xix], [28], [84], [88-90].
Orrinsmith, H., [xvi], [12], [57].
Overbeck, [76].
Overend, W. H., [108].
Overlays used by Bewick, [xvi], [20], [21].
"Pablo de Ségovie," [51], [54], [61].
Paget, Wal, [105].
"Palace of Art, The," [88].
Pall Mall Gazette, [117].
Pall Mall Magazine, [xix].
Palmer, Samuel, [xxiv].
Pannemaker, [32], [69].
Papier Gillot, [71].
Paris Illustré, [51].
Parrish, Stephen, [130].
Parsons, Alfred, [106];
"Old Songs," "A Quiet Life," "Wordsworth's Sonnets," and "The Warwickshire Avon," [106], [124].
Parsons, Charles, [114].
Partridge, J. Bernard, [106].
Paterson, R., [xxiv].
Paul, Rowland, [111].
Pegram, F., [104].
"Pen Drawing and Pen Draughtsmen," [35].
Penny Magazine, [24].
Perea, D., [79].
Perugini, Carlo, [109].
Perugino's "The Holy Family," [10].
Petit Journal, Le, [54].
Pettie, J., [90].
"Phiz" (H. K. Browne), [83].
Photography applied to book illustration, [34];
Art Student, 1865, [35];
fairly general in 1870, [36];
photographing of drawings in line upon a metal plate or gelatine film, [40];
"half-tone" process, [40];
Meisenbach process, [40];
Ives' method, [40].
Piaud, [17].
Pickering's "Alphabet," [19].
"Pictures of English Landscape," [91].
"Pictures in Words," [91].
"Picturesque America," [31], [127].
"Picturesque Europe," [31].
Pille, Henri, [61].
Pinturicchio, [3].
Pinwell, G. J., [27], [35], [39], [86], [88], [90], [92];
"Goldsmith's Works," [93];
"Wayside Posies" and Ingelow's "Poems," [94];
"English Rustic Pictures," [95].
Piranesi, [7].
Pisan, [17].

Pissarro, L., [105].
Pite, A. B., [111].
Plantin Museum, [36].
Platt, Charles A., [130].
"Poets of the Nineteenth Century," [xxiv].
Poirret, [17].
Poirson, V. A.,

[61].
Pollard, A. W., [xv].
Pons, Angel, [79].
Powell, Miss C. A., [129].
Poynter, E. J., [95].
Prado, The, [80].
Pranishnikoff, [73].
Premières Illustrées, Les, [61].
Pre-Raphaelites, [xxii], [76], [88], [98].
Prior, Melton, [112].
"Process," art of, [41];
Meisenbach, [40];
comparison with wood-engraving, [41-43];
method of, [42];
application of photography, [42];
for "line" work, [42];
use of swelled gelatine, [42];
photogravure of Amand Durand, [44];
black-and-white drawings reproduced in, [44];
wash reproductions by, [44];
advantages of, over engraving, [45];
flat washes, [45];
objections to, [45];
object of, [46];
not a "mechanical makeshift," [46];
answers to criticisms on, [46];
bound to supersede wood-engraving, [48];
Gillotage, [51];
Guillaume half-tone process, [62];
bad process work, [96].
Proctor, J., [102].
Prout, S., [38], [110], [111].
Puck, [129].
Punch, [27], [106], [129].
Pyle, Howard, [124], [125].
Pyle, Miss Katharine, [127].
"Quatre fils d'Aymon," [63].
Quest, The, [108].
"Quiet Life," [106].
Quotidien Illustré, [117].
Raffaëlli, J. F., [65].
Raffet, [17], [60].
Railton, Herbert, [105].
Rainey, W., [108].
Ramos, F. Garcia y, "La Tierra di Maria Santissima," [79].
Ratdolt, E., [5].
Raven-Hill, L., [104], [115].
Read, S., [88], [112].
Redwood, A. C., [126], [128].
Reed, E. T., [106].
Régamey, Felix, [65].
Reid, Sir George, [106];
"Johnny Gibb," "The River Tweed and the River Clyde," [107].
Reinecke, René, [78].
Reinhart, G. S., "Spanish Vistas," [124].
Rembrandt, [2], [3];
Etchings of, [4], [88].
Remington, F., "Hunting Trips of a Ranchman," [126].
Renouard, Paul, [65].
Répine, [73].
Retzche's "Shakespeare," [76].
Revue Illustré, La, [51].
Ricketts, Charles, [105];
"Daphnis and Chloe," [105].
Rico, [50], [71], [79], [126].
Riou, [65].
Roberts, C., [xxiii].
Roberts, D., [38].
Robida, "Rabelais," [63].
Rochegrosse, G., [61].
Roehle, [18].
Rogers' "Italy," [38];
"Poems," [11], [12], [18].
Rops, Félicien, [63].
Rossetti, C., "Goblin Market," [106].
Rossetti, D. G., [xvii], [27], [35], [85];
"The Palace of Art," "Sir Galahad," [88], [98];
his influence and motives, [98].
Rossi, [54], [62], [128].

Rowlandson, [84].
Rubens, sketches for title-pages, [4], [11].
Ruskin, J., [28], [85], [93].
Russell, W. W., [104].
Ryland, Henry, [108].
Sala, G. A., [89].
Sambourne, Linley, [101];
"Water Babies," [102];
Punch work, [102].
Sandys, Frederick, [xv], [27];
"Amor Mundi," [35], [39], [84], [88-90];
Cornhill "Gallery," [94];
"Legendary Ballads," [95], [101], [108].
Savage, Reginald, [105].
Schlittgen, H., [78].
Schwæbe, C., [63], [77].
"Scrambles amongst the Alps," [94], [101].
Scribner's Magazine, [116].
Séon, [64].
Seymour, G. L., [105].
Shannon, C. H., [105];
"Daphnis and Chloe," [105].
Shepherd, W. L., [30], [126].
Shields, Frederick, [xvi], [39], [84];
Defoe's "Plague," [101].
Shilling Magazine, [28], [35], [84], [88], [90].
Short, Frank, [72], [111].
Simpson, William, [112].
Singer, Dr. Hans, [xv].
Small, W., [27], [101], [103].
Smedley, W. T., "Sketches of American Watering-places," [124].
Smeeton, [18].
Smillie, J. D., [130].
Smith, F. Hopkinson, [127].
"Sociétés Anonymes," [54].
"Solace of Song," [24].
Solomon, S., [95].
Sourel, "Insects Injurious to Vegetation," [31].
South Kensington Museum, [xv], [xix], [xx], [36].
"Spanish Scenes," [79].
Spectator, [xviii].
Speed, Lancelot, [106].
Spielmeyer, W., [xxiv].
"Spy," [109].
St. Stephen's Review, [104].
Stacey, W. S., [108].
Stainforth, M., [xxiv].
Staniland, C. J., [108].
Stationers' Hall, Exhibition of Wood-Engravings, March, 1895, [xxiii].
Steinhausen, W., [77].
Steinlen, [57], [66];
Bruant's "Dans la Rue," [68].
Stephens, Mrs. Alice B., [127].
Sterne's "Sentimental Journey," [61].
Stevenson's "The Wreckers," [128].
"Stones of Venice," [85].
Stothard, T., [9], [10];
"The Pilgrim's Progress," [11];
Richardson's "Novels," [11];
Rogers' "Poems," [11-13], [18];
"Alphabet," [19], [24].
Strahan, A., [xvi].
Strang, William, [111].
Strange, E. F., [xv].
Stroebel, [78].
Stück, Franz, [77].
Sullivan, E. J., [104].
Sullivan, J. F., [102].
Sumner, Heywood, [108].
Sunday Magazine, [90].
Supplement Littéraire et Artistique, [54].
Swain, J., [28], [35], [90], [109].
"Tartarin de Tarascon," [52], [61].
Taylor, Tom, [83];
"Pictures in Words," [91].
Tegner, Hans, [73];
drawings for Holberg's "Comedies," [73].

Tenniel, Sir J., [28], [89], [92];
"Alice in Wonderland," "Legendary Ballads," [102].
Thackeray, W. M., [12], [83], [89];
"Roundabout Papers," [90].
Thoma, H., [77].
Thomas, G. H., [xxiv].
Thomas, W. L., [115].
Thompson, Charles, [14], [15], [16].
Thompson, John, Hogarth's Works, [13].
Thompsons, the, [12];
Cruikshank's Work, [24].
Thomson, D. C., [115].
Thomson, Hugh, [105].
Thulstrup, T. de, [127].
Thurston's Butler's "Hudibras," [19], [20];
"Tasso," [21], [24].
Tilt's, "Gardens and Menageries of the Zoological Society Delineated," [21].
Tinkey, J., [129].
"Tierra di Maria Santissima, La," [79].
Titian's "Ariadne and Bacchus," [14].
Tofani, [64].
"Tom Brown's School-days," [96].
Toudouze, Edouard, [62].
Townsend, Horace, [xvi].
Trevès, Fratelli, [70].
Tristram's "Coaching Days and Coaching Ways," [105].
Ueber Land und Meer, [75].
Unger, J. F. G., [75].
Unzelmann, [25], [74].
Uzanne, Octave, [56], [62].
Valloton, F., [69];
"Enterrement en Province," [69].
Vanity Fair, [109].
Vebers, the, [64].
Vedder, Elihu, "Omar Khayyam," [126].
Velasquez, portraits of, [2], [80].
Veronese, [2], [3].
Vierge, Daniel, [19], [51], [54], [61], [71], [79], [80], [126].
"Vie Rustique, La," [61].
Villiers, F., [112].
Vinne, Theodore de, [120].
Vizetelly, H., [27].
Vogels, the, [25], [72], [74], [78].
Walker, Emery, [xvi].
Walker, Fred., [27], [39], [88];
"Adventures of Philip," [90], [93];
Cornhill "Gallery," [94];
"English Rustic Pictures," [95].
War Correspondents and their work, [112].
"Warwickshire Avon," [106].
Watson, C. J., [111].
Watson, J. D., [92].
Watteau, [7].
Way, Messrs., [109].
"Wayside Posies," [94].
Weir, Harrison, [xv], [xxiv], [26], [30], [31], [103].
Whall, Christopher, [108].
Whistler, J. M. N., [xxii];
in Daily Chronicle, [xxiii], [84], [93];
"Legendary Ballads," [95];
"Catalogue of Blue and White Nankin Porcelain," [95], [101].
White, Gleeson, [xiv].
Whittingham, C., [21].
Whymper, [90];
"Scrambles amongst the Alps," [94], [101].
Wiles, Irving R., [128].
Wilkie, Sir David, [24].
Willette, A., [66], [68].
Williamses, the, [12], [15], [24].
Wilmot's, "Sacred Poetry," [xxiv].
Wilson, Edgar, [104].
Wilson, Richard, [11].
Wilson, T. Walter, [108].
Wood-engraving, [xvi];
early English, [12-14];
French prize for, [14];
rise of in France, [16];
Bewick's influence, [12], [17];
disappearance of, [37];
methods of wood-engraving shops, [38];
bad influence on the artists, [39];
disappearance of the "wood-choppers" again, [39];
replaced by photography, [40];
progression of the art of, [41];
advantages claimed for, [41];
comparison to "process" work, [41-43];
real duties of the engraver, [47];
three great periods, [47];
Japanese wood-cutting, [48];
no danger in the hands of good artists, [48];
modern facsimile wood-engraving, [48];
bound to be superseded by "process" work, [48];
bright outlook for, [49];
revival in France, Germany, etc., [57], [58], [75];
method of publication of the Dalziel books, [91];
"International Society of Wood-Engravers," [109];
American School of, [114-116];
facsimile work in America, [115].
Wolf, Henry, [129].
Woods, H., [86].
Woodville, R. Caton, [108].
Woodward, J. D., "Picturesque Europe and America," [31], [127], [128].
Wollen, W. B., [108].
Wordsworth's "Sonnets," [106].
Wolf, J., [89].
Worf, A., [xxiv].
Wright, [21].
Wyllie, W. L., [108].
Yellow Book, [xxii], [105].
Zogbaum, Rufus, [128].
Zola's "Le Rêve," [63].

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