FOOTNOTES:

[ [1] Pontoppidan's History of Norway, p. 248.

[ [2] On p. [173].

[ [3] The famous Dunstan was also an excellent blacksmith.

[ [4] Oläi. Worm. Lit. Run. p. 129; Bartholin. p. 420.

[ [5] Asser. in Vit. Ælfredi.

[ [6] De Moribus Germ.

[ [7] Hist. Ramsien. apud Gale, vol. i. an. 85.

[ [8] A. D. 960, can. 64, Johnson's Canons.

[ [9] See p. [6] in the body of the work.

[ [10] No. 2253, fol. 108.

[ [11] In the original it is purry poume, that is rotten apple.

[ [12] The cross-bow.

[ [13] That is, to practise with lances, two persons running one against the other.

[ [14] Armour.

[ [15] See p. [126] of this work.

[ [16] Hunting.

[ [17] In the first chapter, p. 17, the reader will find the animals to be hunted divided into three classes; namely, beasts of venery, beasts of chase, and raskals, or vermin. The horn was sounded in a different manner according to the class of the beasts pursued.

[ [18] Morte Arthur, translated from the French by sir Thomas Mallory, knight, and first printed by Caxton, A.D. 1481. "The English," says a writer of our own country, "are so naturally inclined to pleasure, that there is no countrie wherein gentlemen and lords have so many and so large parkes, only reserved for the purpose of hunting." And again, "Our progenitors were so delighted with hunting, that the parkes are nowe growne infinite in number, and are thought to containe more fallow deere than all the Christian world besides." Itinerary of Fynes Moryson, published in 1617, part iii. book iii. cap. 3.

[ [19] To learn.

[ [20] Written also paume; that is, hand-tennice.

[ [21] Romance of Three Kings' Sons and the King of Sicily, Harl. MS. 326.

[ [22] Mem. Anc. Cheval. tom. i. p. 16.

[ [23] Harl. MS. 2252.

[ [24] Ibid.

[ [25] Printed by Copeland; black letter, without date; Garrick's Collection, K. vol. ix.

[ [26] That is, all of the lords and other nobility who were seated in the hall.

[ [27] For vierge escu, a virgin shield, or a white shield, without any devices, such as was borne by the tyros in chivalry who had not performed any memorable action.

[ [28] A sword without edge or point, as it is explained in the following articles.

[ [29] That is, with heads without points, or blunted so that, they could do no hurt.

[ [30] Foyne, or foin, signifies to push or thrust with the sword, instead of striking.

[ [31] Harl. MS. 69.

[ [32] Hall, in Life of Henry VIII.

[ [33] Arte of Rhetorike by Tho. Wilson, fol. 67.

[ [34] Fynes Moryson's Itinerary, published A. D. 1617.

[ [35] Coursing, I presume, he means.

[ [36] I here omit a long train of royal reasoning in confutation of the assertions of the learned men his majesty alludes to in this passage.

[ [37] Biograph. Brit. p. 1236.

[ [38] No. 17, D. iii.

[ [39] Crowd is an ancient name for the violin.

[ [40] See the first and second chapters in the body of the work.

[ [41] The words of Fitz Stephen are, "Puellarum cithara ducit choros, et pede libero pulsatur tellus, usque imminente lunâ." The word cithara, Stow renders, but I think not justly, timbrels.

[ [42] Vol. i. p. 257.

[ [43] Athen. Oxon. ii. col. 812; and see Granger's Biographical History, vol. ii. p. 398 8vo.

[ [44] In his Proverbs, part I, chap. 11

[ [45] Scuta ex argento facta.

[ [46] Bede, Eccl. Hist. lib. ii. cap. 16.

[ [47] Dr. Henry's Hist. vol. ii. lib. v. cap. 7.

[ [48] See the Northumberland Family-Book.

[ [49] Johan. Sarisburiensis, lib. i. c. 8. p. 34.

[ [50] Smale harpers with ther glees.

[ [51] Cornmuse and Shalmes—many a floyte and lytlyngehorne.

[ [52] Pypes made of grene corne are also mentioned in the Romance of the Rose.

[ [53] These are the author's own words.

[ [54] In the chapters on Minstrels, Jugglers, &c. pp. 170, 197. The plays and pageants exhibited at court are described in the chapter treating on Theatrical Amusements, p. 150.

[ [55] [Before 1801.]

[ [56] Garrick's Collection of Old Plays, H. vol. iii.

[ [57] No. 2220, fol. 7

[ [58] Or waits, the band of city minstrels.

[ [59] See further on, p. xlvi.

[ [60] These passages do not prove that the historian was disgusted with the pageantry, abstractedly considered, but rather with the occasion of its exhibition; for, he speaks of the same kind of spectacles, with commendation, both anterior and subsequent to the present show, which do not appear to have had the least claim for superiority in point of reason or consistency.

[ [61] Armour.

[ [62] "The Word of God;" meaning the Bible published in English by his authority, which was prohibited in the sanguinary reign of his fanatic daughter.

[ [63] Holinshed, vol. iii. pp. 1091, 1120, &c.

[ [64] Called below a flower-de-luce, an animal I am not in the least acquainted with.

[ [65] No. 1968.

[ [66] Harl. MS. 2125.

[ [67] Garrick's Collection of Old Plays.

[ [68] Cotton MS. Titus, B. i.

[ [69] See the account of the court ludi in the chapter on Theatrical Exhibitions.

[ [70] The reader may find accounts of most of these excursions in a work entitled The Progresses of Queen Elizabeth, in two volumes 4to. published by Mr. Nichols.

[ [71] This account is chiefly taken from a small pamphlet called Princely Pleasure at Kenelworth Castle. Progresses, vol. i.

[ [72] Harl. MS. 6395, entitled Merry Passages and Jests, art. 221.

[ [73] Tempest, act ii, scene iv.

[ [74] There actually was such a monkey exhibited at that time near Charing-Cross, but in the bills which were given to the public he is called a Wild Hairy Man, and they tell us he performed all that the Spectator relates concerning him; but this subject is treated more fully in the body of the work.

[ [75] Spectator, vol. i. No. 14.

[ [76] Spectator, vol. i. No 31, dated Thursday, April 5, 1711.

[ [77] A man famous at that time for imitating a variety of musical instruments with his voice, and, among others, the bells. See his bill of performance, at p. 255.

[ [78] All these pastimes the reader will find particularised, under their proper heads, in the body of the work.

[ [79] "To pass over griefe," says an author of our own, "the Italians sleepe, the English go to playes, the Spaniards lament, and the Irish bowl," &c. Fynes Moryson's Itinerary, in 1617, part iii. book i. cap. 3.

[ [80] The reader will find this subject particularly treated on, in the chapter that relates to minstrels and music, in the body of the work.

[ [81] Hentzner's Itinerary, published by lord Orford, at Strawberry-hill, pp. 88, 89.

[ [82] Hist. Angl. lib. xiii.

[ [83] De Rerum Invent, lib. v. cap. 2.

[ [84] Tatler, No. 134, dated Thursday, Feb. 16, 1709.

[ [85] See a pamphlet written by John Northbrooke. published in the reign of queen Elizabeth, without date.

[ [86] School of Abuse, published 1579.

[ [87] Gosson, I hope, was acquainted with the vulgar part of the audience only, or, which is more probable, spoke from report, and that exaggerated.

[ [88] Admonition to Parliament, by Tho. Cartwright, published A. D. 1572.

[ [89] Still, for stay. The Pope's Kingdom, book iv. translated from the Latin of Tho. Neogeorgus, by Barnabe Googe, and dedicated to queen Elizabeth, A. D. 1570.

[ [90] John Field, in his Declaration of God's Judgment at Paris Garden, published A. D. 1503, fol. 9.

[ [91] Field, ut supra. See also D. Beard's Theatre of God's Judgments.

[ [92] Entitled, A Treatise concerning the Sabbath, published A. D. 1636.

[ [93] Page 25.

[ [94] The Pope's Kingdom, from Neogeorgus by Googe.

[ [95] Thomas Hall, B. D. Pastor of King's Norton, in his pamphlet entitled Funebria Floræ; or, the Down-fall of May-Games; published 1660.

[ [96] See p. [xx].

[ [97] Benedict. Abbas, Vit. Ric. I. edit, à Hearne, tom. ii. p. 610.

[ [98] The words in the original, as quoted by Du Cange, are these: "Nec ludant ad aleas vel taxillos, nec sustineant ludos fieri de rege et regina," &c. The game of king and queen he conceives to have been some game with the cards; but most authors who have written upon the subject of playing cards, think that they were not known at that period, at least in this country: it is certain, however, that in the time of Elizabeth, the game of king and queen was understood to mean the playing with cards. "John Heywood, the great epigrammatist," according to Camden, "used to say he did not love to play at kinge and queene, but at Christmasse, according to the old order of Englande; that few men plaiyed at cardes but at Christmasse; and then almost all, men and boyes." Camden's Remains, p. 378. I have ventured to substitute chess for cards, in which game the two principal pieces are the king and the queen, and are so denominated in a MS. nearly coeval with the edict. See the account of this game in the body of the work.

[ [99] An. 11 Hen. VII. cap. 2.

[ [100] No householder might permit the games prohibited by the statute to be practised in their houses, excepting on the holidays, as before specified, under the penalty of six shillings and eightpence for every offence.

[ [101] Survey of London, p. 79.

[ [102] Pilam manualem, pedinam, et bacculoream, et ad cambucam, &c.

[ [103] Rot. Claus. 39 Ed. III. m. 23.

[ [104] The magistrates are commanded to seize upon the said tables, dice, cards, boules, closhes, tennice-balls, &c. and to burn them.

[ [105] An. 17 Edw. II. cap. 3.

[ [106] Nul enfaunt ne autres jeur a barres, ne a autres jues nient convenebles come a oustre chaperon des gentz, ne a mettre en eux, &c. Rot. Pari. an. 6 Edw. III. Harl. MS. 7058.

[ [107] [Before 1801.]

[ [108] Survey of London, p. 85.

[ [109] It was afterwards converted into small cottages, which were let, at large rents, to strangers and others, Ibid. p. 158.

[ [110] Stephen Gosson, in The School of Abuse, 1579.

[ [111] That is, cards and dice; an old anonymous poem "of Covetice," cited by Warton, History of Poetry, vol. ii. p. 316.

[ [112] In the Manners and Customs of the English; the Chronicle of England; and more particularly in the View of the Dresses of the English; vol. i. p. 73. vol. ii. p. 140, &c.

[ [113] See p. [xxxv].

[ [114] Harl. MS. 2252.

[ [115] Confessio Amantis.

[ [116] Warton's History of English Poetry, vol. iii. p. 311.

[ [117] Part ii. sect 2. cap. 4.

[ [118] No. 57, A. D. 1711.

[ [119] Vespasian, B. xii. There are also three copies of this MS. but more modern, in the Royal Library. [See [sec. xiii]. of the present chapter.]

[ [120] Dio Nicæus ex Xiphilin.

[ [121] Lib. iv.

[ [122] Cæsar Bel. Gal. lib. vi.

[ [123] Cæsar Bel. Gal. lib. vi.

[ [124] Asser. in Vit. Ælfredi.

[ [125] Will. Malmsbury. Hist. Reg. Anglorum, lib. ii. cap. 6.

[ [126] Ibid. cap. 8.

[ [127] Ibid. ut sup. cap. 13.

[ [128] Ibid.

[ [129] Montfaucon Monarch. Fran. and Ducarel's Anglo-Norman Antiquities.

[ [130] Tiberius, B. v.

[ [131] No. 2, B. vii.

[ [132] Will. Malmsbury, lib. iv.

[ [133] Johan. Sarisburiensis de Nugis Curialium, lib. i. cap. 4.

[ [134] Blount's Ancient Tenures, p. 135.

[ [135] "Fort chiens et chiens de levries," Froissart. Chron. vol. i. cap. 210.

[ [136] Froissart, vol. iv.

[ [137] Wellwood's Memoirs, p. 35.

[ [138] Harl. MS. No. 6395, anonymous, entitled "Merry Passages and Jeasts."

[ [139] Sir Thomas More's Poems. See also Warton's History of English Poetry, 4to vol. iii. p. 101.

[ [140] Constitut. Cnut. Reg. de Forest, apud Spelm. Gloss, et Wilkins, Leg. Sax. p. 146.

[ [141] Leges Cnuti, apud Lambard, cap. 77.

[ [142] Ibid. cap. 15.

[ [143] Carta de Foresta, cap. 11.

[ [144] Faciat cornare, ibid. cap. 17.

[ [145] Spelman's Answer to the Apology for Archbishop Abbot.

[ [146] Canterbury Tales by Chaucer. Numerous quotations might be made from other writers in addition to those above; but they are sufficient for my purpose.

[ [147] Stat. 13 Rich. II.

[ [148] An. 21 Hen. II. A. D. 1157. See Spelman's Answer to the Apology for Archbishop Abbot.

[ [149] P. Blensens. epist. lvi. p. 81

[ [150] Knyghton, apud Decem Script, p. 263.

[ [151] Stephanid. vit. S. Thom.

[ [152] Vide Spelman ut supra.

[ [153] Claudius. A. 2.

[ [154] Garrick's Collection of Old Plays, K. vol. ix.

[ [155] The following extracts prove king John to have been exceedingly partial to this kind of dogs. Rot. Pip. iv. Reg. Johan. A. D. 1203. Rog. constab. Cestriæ debet D marcas et X palfridos et X laissas Leporariorum, &c. that is, five hundred marks, ten horses, and ten leashes of greyhounds.—An. xi. Johan. 1210. Rog. de Mallvell redd. comp, de 1 palfrido velociter currente et 2 laissiüs Leporariorum, one swift running horse, and six greyhounds.

[ [156] Garrick's Collec. K. vol. x.

[ [157] 2. B. vii. [In the original drawing, and on Mr. Strutt's plate, the figures pursuing and pursued are in a line together: but for the purpose of including all the figures within the preceding page, the lady on horseback is placed above, instead of behind the female archer.]

[ [158] MS. Harl. 6395. Merry Passages and Jeasts, art. 345.

[ [159] Rowland Whyte to Sir Robert Sidney, dated September 12, A.D. 1600.

[ [160] Nichols's Progresses, vol. ii.

[ [161] No. 4431.

[ [162] Maitland's Hist. London, book i. chap. 6.

[ [163] Stephanides Descript. London.

[ [164] Stow's Survey of London, vol. i. p. 157.

[ [165] "Pills to Purge Melancholy," 1719, vol. iv. p. 42.

[ [166] Blount's Ancient Tenures.

[ [167] Or "vautrarius," which Blount derives from the French vaultre, a mongrel hound, and supposes the name to signify an inferior huntsman; and this opinion I have adopted.

[ [168] E c. An. 34 Edward I. No. 37. Richard Rockesley held the same land by the same tenure, in the second year of Edward II. Blount ut supra.

[ [169] Entitled "Art de Venerie le quel Maistre Guillame Twici venour le Roy dangleterre fist en son temps por aprandre Autres; or the Art of Hunting, which Mr. Wm. Twici, huntsman to the king of England, made for the instruction of others." See Warton's Hist. Eng. Poetry, vol. ii. p. 221.

[ [170] Cotton MS. Vespasian, B. xii.

[ [171] MS. Harl. This book is entitled "The Maister of the Game."

[ [172] The Book of St. Albans, I fancy, by mistake, places the wild roe for the wild boar.

[ [173] The Book of St. Albans adds, that all other kinds of beasts subject to hunting are to be called "Raskall," derived, I suppose, from the Saxon word papcal, which signifies a lean beast, or one of no worth.

[ [174] The word in the original MS. is written fute and fuite, which I conceive to be French, and then the interpretation I have given of flight will be proper. The meaning is, that the latter leave a scent behind them when they are chased.

[ [175] Hist. Reg. Angl. lib. ii. cap.8.

[ [176] Testa Nevelli.

[ [177] Memb. 13.

[ [178] Ibid. See more in Blount's Ancient Tenures.

[ [179] "Booke of hauking and hunting," without date, reprinted with the title of "A Jewell for Gentrie." Lond. 1614.

[ [180] See Blount's Antient Tenures, art. Sutton, &c.

[ [181] Page 17, sec. xiii.

[ [182] They are called "trists" or "trestes" in the MS. and might possibly be temporary stages.

[ [183] The passage runs thus in the MS. "the fewtrerers ought to make fayre logges of grene boughes at their trestes," &c.

[ [184] Chastised greyhoundes, MS.

[ [185] See Blount's Ancient Tenures.

[ [186] See the Encyclopedia Britannica, art. Hunting.

[ [187] See p. [4]. sec. v.

[ [188] See p. [11]. sec. x.

[ [189] Memoirs des Inscrip. tom. ix. p. 542.

[ [190] See the Regal and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of England.

[ [191] And printed by Pynson A. D. 1508.

[ [192] Lib. v. cap. 8.

[ [193] Pliny Nat. Hist. lib. x. cap. 8.

[ [194] Peacham's Complete Gentleman, p. 183.

[ [195] Epist. Winifred. See Warton's Hist. Eng. Poet. vol. ii. p. 221.

[ [196] See p. [3]. sec. iii.

[ [197] This charter was granted A. D. 821. Dugdale's Monasticon, vol. i. p. 100.

[ [198] See the whole of the curious will in Lambarde's Perambulation of Kent, p. 540.

[ [199] See p. [4]. sec. v.

[ [200] Lidgate presented this poem to king Henry VI. when that monarch held his court at Bury. The presentation MS. is yet extant in the Harleian Library, No. 2278.

[ [201] Walton's Hist. of English Poetry, vol. ii. p. 221.

[ [202] Aira Accipitris.

[ [203] Trente fauconniers à cheval, chargez d'oiseaux. Froissart's Chron. vol. i. cap. 210.

[ [204] Ou en riviere. Ibid.

[ [205] Tous jours en riviere. Ibid. cap. 140.

[ [206] Garrick's Collect. of old Plays, K. vol. x.

[ [207] Canterbury Tales.

[ [208] Bury St. Edmund's, in Suffolk.

[ [209] That is, to the windward; I use the author's own words.

[ [210] MS. Harl. 6395. Merry Passages and Jeasts, art. 223.

[ [211] Tiberius, C. vi.

[ [212] Julius. A. vi.

[ [213] Marked 2 B. vii.

[ [214] [The fowls before the falconer in the original drawing are placed below in the present engraving, to accommodate it to the page.]

[ [215] Johan. Sarisburiensis, lib. i. cap. 4.

[ [216] See p. [4]. sec. v.

[ [217] Hall in the life of Henry VIII. sub an. xvi.

[ [218] These observations are taken from "The Boke of Saint Albans;" a subsequent edition says, "at least a note under."

[ [219] "A Woman killed with Kindness," third edition, 1617. Garrick's Coll. E. vol. iv.

[ [220] MS. Harl. 1419.

[ [221] "Ke en escrit trove, si cum io lis, el livere al bon Rei Edward." MS. Harl. 978.

[ [222] MS. Harl. 2340.

[ [223] See [sec. v. p. 4].

[ [224] In nomine Domini volatilia cœli erunt sub pedibus tuis—Vicit Leo de tribu Juda radix David Alleluya—Quem iniquus homo ligavit, Dominus per adventum suum solvet.

[ [225] Carta de Forresta, cap. xi.

[ [226] Rot. Parl. 34 Ed. III.

[ [227] Ibid. 37 Ed. 111.

[ [228] A. D. 1337. Regist. Adami Orleton. Epis. Wint. fol. 56.

[ [229] A hawk was called a nyesse, or an eyesse, from her having watery eyes.

[ [230] Stat. xi. Hen. VII.

[ [231] Stat. xi. Hen. VII.

[ [232] Expen. Hosp. Reg. Ed. III. MS. Cott. Nero, C. viii. p. 275

[ [233] Between this and the next line the author makes the following observation: "These ben hawkes of toure, and ben bothe illured to be called and reclaymed." Jewel for Gentrie. Lond. 1614.

[ [234] Stow's Survey of London.

[ [235] The sheldrake is a species of wild fowl.

[ [236] Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, book v. chap. 8. edit Lond. 1660.

[ [237] Harleian, MS. 2284.

[ [238] Jewel for Gentrie. Lond. 1614.

[ [239] Testament of Love, book ii.

[ [240] Knight of the Swan, Garrick's Collect. K. vol. x.

[ [241] Equos cursores. Malmsb. de Gest. Reg. Angl. lib. ii. cap. 6.

[ [242] I have followed the translation published by Mr. White, of Fleet-street, A. D. 1772. See Stow's Survey of London, and republished with additions by Strype. [The translation of Fitzstephen published by Mr. White, was made by the late Dr. Samuel Pegge.]

[ [243] "Syr Bevys of Hampton," black letter, without date, printed by Wm. Copland. Garrick's Collect. K. vol. ix.

[ [244] Bourne Antiq. Vulgares, chap. xxiv.

[ [245] Probably the elder Randel Holme of Chester, one of the city heralds. MS. Harl. 2150 fol. 235.

[ [246] The thirty-first of Henry VIII.

[ [247] That is Shrove Tuesday.

[ [248] Probably the younger Randel Holme.

[ [249] MS. Harl. 2125.

[ [250] A. D. 1665. and 5 Charles II.

[ [251] In his Survey of the Town of Stamford, first printed A. D. 1646. chap. 10.

[ [252] See p. [7. sec. vii].

[ [253] Bernado de Nictum pro uno cursorio hardo empto de eodem, xxv. marc. Compot. Garderoba. An. xi. Ed. III. MS. Cot. Nero, C. viii. fol. 219.

[ [254] Michali de la Were Scut. Regis Navarr. present domino Regi duos equos cursores ex parte dono Domini sui, de dono Regis. C. sol. Ibid.

[ [255] MS. Harl. 4690, written early in the fourteenth century.

[ [256] Peer or equal.

[ [257] A French word, signifying a large powerful horse.

[ [258] Steed, rabbit, nor camel.

[ [259] Lib. iv. fat. 3. Edit. 1599.

[ [260] Poem of Covetice, quoted by Warton. Hist. English Poetry, vol. ii. p. 316.

[ [261] John Northbrooke.

[ [262] Anatomy of Melancholy, part. ii. sec. 2, chap. 4, edit. 1660.

[ [263] Pills to purge Melancholy, fourth edit. 1719, vol. ii. p. 53.

[ [264] Ency. Brit, under Race.

[ [265] Ibid.

[ [266] Probably Matthew Thomas Baskervile, whose name appears at the end; it was written about the year 1690. MS. Harl. 4716.

[ [267] Dated Sept. 11, A.D. 1711. Spectator, vol. iii. No. 173.

[ [268] Olaii Worm. Lit. Run. p. 129. Barthol. p. 420. Pontoppidan's Hist. Norway, p. 248.

[ [269] Claudius, B. iv.

[ [270] Tiberius, C. vi.

[ [271] Canterbury Tales.

[ [272] Peacham's Compleat Gentleman, p. 187. edit. 1622.

[ [273] Engraving 4, p. 13.

[ [274] Engraving 5, p. 15.

[ [275] See book i. ch. i. sec. xvii. p. 21.

[ [276] Leland's Collect. vol. iv. p. 278.

[ [277] Nichols's Progresses, vol. ii.

[ [278] Arcübalista in Latin, and also frequently steel bow in English, because the horns were usually made with steel.

[ [279] Camden's Remains.

[ [280] Nichol. Trivet. Annal.

[ [281] See Manners and Customs of the English, vol. i.

[ [282] Serres, and also most of our own historians. Froissart praises the skill of the Genoese cross-bowmen upon another occasion, saying, "They shot so surely, that lightly they myst not of their level." Vol. iv. chap. 38. fol. 47. English translation, [by Lord Berners,] and in several other places.

[ [283] Ascham's Toxophilus.

[ [284] 2 B. vii.

[ [285] 19 C. viii. dated 1496.

[ [286] Stat. 29 Hen. VII. A. D. 1508.

[ [287] Stat. 6 Hen. VIII. cap. 13.

[ [288] Stat. 25 Hen. VIII. cap. 17.

[ [289] History of London, book ii. p. 482.

[ [290] Stat. temp. Ed. II. apud Winton.

[ [291] Heywood's Epigrams and Proverbs, 1566. ch. 13.

[ [292] Stow's Survey of London, by Strype, vol. ii. p. 257. Stow died A. D. 1605.

[ [293] Ann. 8 Jacobi prim. Ibid.

[ [294] Stow's Survey, by Strype, vol. i. p. 250.

[ [295] Gesta Grayorum, fol. 18, printed 1594. Garrick's Collect. C. vol. 14.

[ [296] Maitland's London, book v. chap. i.

[ [297] "Archerye revived," by Robert Shotterel and Thomas D'Urfey, 1676; p. 53.

[ [298] Alluding, I presume, to tennice, or the balloon ball.

[ [299] Archæologia, vol. vii. p.58.

[ [300] In his "Toxophilus, or the schole of shooting," written in 1544, first published in 1571, republished by Mr. James Bennet in 1761.

[ [301] "Geste of Robyn Hode." Garrick's Collect. K. vol. x.

[ [302] Prologue to Canterbury Tales.

[ [303] Lib. Compotis Garderobæ sub an. 4 Ed. II. page 53, is this entry, Pro duodecim flecchiis cum pennis de pavonæ emptis pro rege, de 12 den.; that is, For twelve arrows plumed with peacocks' feathers, bought for the king, twelve pence. MS. Cott. Lib. Nero, C. viii.

[ [304] Country Contentments, 1615, chap. viii. p. 107.

[ [305] Ibid.

[ [306] Ascham, p. 129, et infra.

[ [307] Country Contentments.

[ [308] Survey of Cornwall, by Richard Carew, Esq. 1602. B. i. p. 73.

[ [309] See [sec. x. p.57].

[ [310] 2 B. vii.

[ [311] See most of our historians.

[ [312] An. 7 Hen. VIII. fol. 56

[ [313] Archæologia, vol. vii. p. 58.

[ [314] Black letter, without date. Imprinted at London upon the Three Crane Wharfe, by Willyam Copland. Garrick's Collect. Old Plays, K. vol. x. Dr. Percy, bishop of Dromore, says, "There is a more ancient copy printed by Wynkin de Worde, preserved in the archives of the public library at Cambridge." Reliques of Ancient Poetry, vol. i.

[ [315] King Edward IV., I presume, is meant by the poet, for in one of the lines we read "Edward our comely kynge". Anachronisms of this kind were common enough in the old ballads.

[ [316] That is, he shall lose it, or rather, it shall be forfeited.

[ [317] Black letter, without date, and printed also by Copland in Lothbury. Its title is, The Names of the Three Archers; the whole ballad, with some small variations, is in the Reliques of Ancient Poetry, vol. i. p. 154, &c. This copy is bound up in the same volume of the Garrick Collection of Old Plays with the Geste of Robyn Hode.

[ [318] Twenty score paces, says the song.

[ [319] I rather think the poet meant an arrow shot "compass," for the pricke or wand was a "mark of compass," that is, the arrow in its flight formed the segment of a circle. See sec. xiv. p. [62].

[ [320] "Six score paces." Song.

[ [321] God forbid.

[ [322] Archæologia, vol. i. p. 58.

[ [323] [Mr Strutt wrote this in 1800.]

[ [324] See sec. xvi. p. [65].

[ [325] Survey of Cornwall, 1602.

[ [326] In vita Hen. VIII. fol. 8.

[ [327] Stow's Survey, by Strype, vol. i. p. 250.

[ [328] Strype's London, vol. i. p. 250.

[ [329] Archæologia, vol. vii.

[ [330] MS. Harl. 365, fol. 96.

[ [331] An. 7 et 9 Hen. VII. MS. in the Remembrancer's Office. See also Appendix to Dr. Henry's Hist. Brit. vol. vi.

[ [332] Archæologia, vol. vii.

[ [333] In Life of Hen. VIII. 1511, fol. 8.

[ [334] Archæologia, vol. vii.

[ [335] Ency. Brit.

[ [336] Judges, chap. xx. ver. 16.

[ [337] 1 Chron. chap. xii. ver. 2.

[ [338] 1 Samuel, chap. xvii. and xviii.

[ [339] Claudius, B. iv.

[ [340] 14. B. v.

[ [341] C. v. 16.

[ [342] Manners and Customs of the English, vol. i.

[ [343] Titus A. xxiii. part 1, fol. 8.

[ [344] Iliad, book xxiii.

[ [345] In his Dictionary, under quoit.

[ [346] Fitzstephen's Description of London.

[ [347] Rot. claus. Memb. 23.

[ [348] Froissart, Lord Berners' translation, vol. iv. chap. 149, fol. 184.

[ [349] Σκιομαχια.

[ [350] Vol. ii. No. 115.

[ [351] Orbis sensualium Pictus.

[ [352] Compleat Gentleman, 1622.

[ [353] Titus A. xxiii. part i. page 6. See p. [73. sec. iii].

[ [354] Johnson's Dictionary, word Base.

[ [355] "Nul enfaunt ne autres ne jue—à barres." Rot. Parl. MS. Harl. 7057.

[ [356] Cymbeline.

[ [357] Worthies of England in Cornwall, p. 197.

[ [358] Survey of Cornwall, 1602, p. 75.

[ [359] Matthew Paris. Hist. Ang. sub an. 1222.

[ [360] Survey of London, p. 78, 85.

[ [361] The margin says, "at Skinner's Well."

[ [362] There are now, says the author, no such men, meaning "the porters of the king's beam," that is, at the commencement of the seventeenth century.

[ [363] Survey of London, p. 85.

[ [364] I presume he means the mace.

[ [365] Hentzner's Itinerary first published A. D. 1598. Lord Orford's translation, Strawberry Hill edition, p. 36.

[ [366] Canterbury Tales.

[ [367] Prologues to the Canterbury Tales.

[ [368] 2 B. viii.

[ [369] Second fit, or part, Garrick's Collect. Old Plays, K. vol. x.

[ [370] Vol. ii. No. 161, published 1711.

[ [371] Survey of Cornwall, 1602, p. 75.

[ [372] Ιππας.

[ [373] Pollux, lib. ix. cap. 7.

[ [374] 2 B. vii.

[ [375] 2464, Bod. 264.

[ [376] Pontoppidan's Hist. of Norway, p. 148.

[ [377] MS. Cott. Titus, A. xxiii.

[ [378] Wood, or wode, signifies wild or mad; and here, that the rain makes the rivers swell and overpass their bounds.

[ [379] Edit. 1550, p. 13.

[ [380] The river Thames.

[ [381] Sikerer, surer, safer; that is, neither the one nor the other should have any extraneous assistance, but each should depend entirely upon his own exertions to escape from the water.

[ [382] History of all the schools and colleges in and about London, printed A. D. 1615.

[ [383] In D'Urfey's Collection of Songs, 1719, vol. iii. p. 4.

[ [384] Oläi. Worm. Lit. Run. p. 129.

[ [385] Ency. Brit. art. Skating.

[ [386] Cæsar Bell. Gall. lib. v. cap. 12.

[ [387] Bartholin, p. 420.

[ [388] Will. Malms. Mat. West. in the reign of Edgar.

[ [389] Fitzstephen's Description of London. Stow's Survey.

[ [390] See book iii. chap. i. sec. v.

[ [391] Lib. i.

[ [392] Ælian, lib. ii. Volaterranus, lib. xxix.

[ [393] Odyssey, by Pope, b. v.

[ [394] No. lvii.

[ [395] "Sive enim saltu, sive cursu, sive luctatu," &c. Vita Sancti Cudbereti, cap. i.

[ [396] "Lusum pilæ celebrem." Stephanides de ludis.

[ [397] "The scholars of each school have their ball or bastion in their hands." Survey of London.

[ [398] Lord Lyttelton, History of Henry the Second, vol. iii. p. 275; and [Dr. Pegge] the translator of Fitzstephen, in 1772.

[ [399] By the word celebrem Fitzstephen might advert to the antiquity of the pastime.

[ [400] Jeu de paume, and in Latin pila palmaria.

[ [401] Essais historiques sur Paris, vol. i. p. 160

[ [402] Laboureur. Sub an. 1368.

[ [403] Published by Hoole, 1658.

[ [404] John Heywoode's works, London, 1566.

[ [405] In the life of Henry V11I. the second year of his reign, fol. 11.

[ [406] Ibid. fol. 98.

[ [407] Survey of London, p. 496.

[ [408] Basilicon Doron, b. iii.

[ [409] MSS. Harl. 2248 and 6271.

[ [410] St. Foix Essais Historiques sur Paris, vol. i. p. 160.

[ [411] Antiquities of the Common People, chap. xxiv.

[ [412] Table Talk, art. Christmas.

[ [413] Mr. Brand, in his additions to Bourne.

[ [414] Fuller's Worthies, published 1662, p. 168.

[ [415] Progresses of Q. Eliz. by Mr. Nichols, vol. ii. p. 19.

[ [416] Martial, lib. iv. Epig. 45.

[ [417] Orbis Sensualium Pictus, cap. 133.

[ [418] 20. D. iv.

[ [419] No. 6563.

[ [420] In his Dictionary; word stool.

[ [421] See also his Pills to purge Melancholy, vol. i. p. 91.

[ [422] Survey of Cornwall, 1602, book i. p. 73.

[ [423] "Philogamus," black letter, without date.

[ [424] See [sec. ix. p. 55].

[ [425] Ship of Fools, 1508.

[ [426] Basilicon Doron, book iii.

[ [427] Barclay ut supra.

[ [428] I rather think the elder Randel Holmes, one of the city heralds, MS. Harl. 2150, fol. 235.

[ [429] An open place near the city. See p. [42]

[ [430] Acted A.D. 1659.

[ [431] Cambuta vel cambuca. Baculus incurvatus, a crooked club or staff: the word cambuca was also used for the virga episcoparum, or episcopal crosier, because it was curved at the top. Du Cange, Glossary, in voce cambuta.

[ [432] An anonymous author, Harl. MS. 6391.

[ [433] Orbis Sensualium Pictus, cap. cxxxvi.

[ [434] No. 264.

[ [435] 14. B. v.

[ [436] Pills to purge Melancholy, fourth edition, 1719, vol. ii. p. 172.

[ [437] See p. [102].

[ [438] In the [Introduction.]

[ [439] Vegetius de re militari, lib. i. cap. xi. et xiv.

[ [440] "Terræ infixis sudibus scuta apponuntur—Quintanæ ludus scilicet equestris exerceretur—in equis lusitari solitum appeusis sudes in terram impactas scutis." Robertus Monach. Hist Hierosol. lib. v.

[ [441] Menestrier, Traité des Tournois, Joustes, &c. p. 264.

[ [442] Menestrier ut supra; Du Cange Gloss, in voce quintana; Pluvinel sur l'exercise de monter à cheval, part iii. p. 177.

[ [443] Menestrier, p. 112, et Pluvinel ut supra.

[ [444] 20. B. xi

[ [445] Knyghthode and Batayle, MS. Cott. Titus A. xxiii. fol. 6 and 7. This curious poem, written early in the fifteenth century, appears to be a translation of the former treatise, or rather a paraphrase upon it.

[ [446] Set up.

[ [447] Of man's height.

[ [448] A mace or club of wood.

[ [449] Hath not.

[ [450] Close.

[ [451] Prompt, swift, ready.

[ [452] From the French, empêcher, to hinder or withstand, here used for attack.

[ [453] Throat.

[ [454] Power, strength.

[ [455] Than is required, that is in time of real action.

[ [456] It is the same.

[ [457] A quincto auctore nomen habebat, vide Joan Meursi, de Ludis Græcorum, in tit Κονταξ Κυντανος.

[ [458] Vegetius de re militari. lib. i. cap. xi. et xiv.

[ [459] Κυντανον χονταξ χωρις της πυρπις, quintanum contacem sine fibula. Cod. de aleatoribus, lib. iii. tit. 43.

[ [460] Stephanides Descrip. Lond.

[ [461] 2 B. vii.

[ [462] Matthew Paris. Hist. Angl. sub an 1253.

[ [463] Strype's Stow, &c.

[ [464] Bod. 264.

[ [465] Survey of London, p.

[ [466] First published in 1677.

[ [467] Laneham in Queen Elizabeth's Progresses, by Mr. Nichols, vol. i. p. 249.

[ [468] Traité de Tournois, 1669, p. 347.

[ [469] Le Roman de Giron le courtois. Du Cange, Gloss. in voce quintana.

[ [470] Lib. iv. Sat. 3.

[ [471] Referred to in p. 118.

[ [472] Gloss. in voce quintana.

[ [473] Orbis Sensualium Pictus, by Hoole, 1658.

[ [474] Art de monter à cheval, part iii. p. 156.

[ [475] Menestrier, Traité de Tournoi, p. 112.

[ [476] Du Cange, Gloss. in voce justa.

[ [477] Tacitus Annal. lib. xi. Et Suetonius in vit. Claud.

[ [478] Du Cange, Gloss. in voce bohordicum. The word, somewhat differently spelt, occurs in Mandat. Reg. Angl. cited by Du Cange, and in Rymer Fœd. tom. v. p. 223 et alia.

[ [479] Roman D'Aubrey, MS. apud Du Cange ut supra.

[ [480] Annal. pars posterior sub an. 1191.

[ [481] Cotgrave.

[ [482] Origines des Chevaliers, &c. p. 9.

[ [483] No. 2252. fol. 64.

[ [484] A small space of time.

[ [485] Heralds, whose office it was to superintend the ceremonious parts of the tournaments.

[ [486] Reward.

[ [487] Hist. Angl. fol. 3, A.D. 1274.

[ [488] Ludum militarum (qui vulgo torneamentum dicitur). Ibid.

[ [489] Tracte de Tournois.

[ [490] No. 326.

[ [491] Complete Gentleman, p. 178.

[ [492] See more upon this subject in the Encyclopédie François, art. Tournoi.

[ [493] Chronique de Tours.

[ [494] Perambulation of Kent, p. 492.

[ [495] Hist. Angl. A.D. 1179.

[ [496] Harl. MS. 69.

[ [497] Origines des Chevaliers, &c.

[ [498] No. 69.

[ [499] Or ooyez, for Ouïr, more literally Hear now; and the words are repeated.

[ [500] Marche, part of the lists I presume, or portion of ground appropriated to the tournament.

[ [501] Feront clouer leurs armes, literally nail them; the clouage or nail money, as we shall see afterwards, was the perquisite of the heralds.

[ [502] "Mettra sa banier, au commencement dedits bastons et clouera la blason de ses armes, a lautre vout." The passage is by no means clear; I have therefore given the words of the original.

[ [503] A l'aschevier, chevaliers, &c.

[ [504] Hors chevaliers, &c.

[ [505] No. 14. E. iii.

[ [506] The minstrels of the barons are behind them in Mr. Strutt's quarto plate, as in the MS. illumination; on the present page, the minstrels are placed below the combatants, in order to accommodate the figures to the space presented by the octavo size.

[ [507] Harl. MS. 69.

[ [508] Coutel, literally a knife.

[ [509] Cotton MS. Nero D. vi. and Harl. MS. 69, ut supra

[ [510] "Avec une grele de coups." Encyclop. Fran. in voce tournoi.

[ [511] Harl. MS. 69.

[ [512] Glossary, in voce justa.

[ [513] "Pugnæ facere quod justam vocant." Hist. Novellæ, fol. 106, sub an. 1142.

[ [514] Matthew Paris properly distinguishes it from the tournament. "Non hastiludio, quod torneamentum dicitur, sed—ludo militari, qui mensa rotunda dicitur." Hist. Angl. sub an. 1252.

[ [515] Glossary, in voce mensa rotunda.

[ [516] Rogerus de Mortuo Mari. Tho. Walsingham. Hist. Angl. sub an. 1280, fol. 3.

[ [517] Tho. Walsingham. Hist. Angl. sub an. 1344, fol. 154. Vol. iii. chap. lix.

[ [518] Froissart, vol. iii. chap. cxxxiii. fol. 148, lord Berners' translation.

[ [519] No. 14, E. iii.

[ [520] [In the original engraving the knights are opposed to each other on the same line: in the present they are separated, and one placed below, in order to represent them within the octavo page of the size is the quarto.]

[ [521] Essais Hist. sur Paris, vol. iii. p. 263.

[ [522] Ibid. vol. i. p. 327.

[ [523] As the ladies, say some modern authors, were l'ame, the soul of the justs, it was proper that they should be therein distinguished by some peculiar homage; and, accordingly at the termination of a just with lances, the last course was made in honour of the sex, and called the lance of the ladies. The same deference was paid to them in single combats with the sword, the axe, and the dagger. Encyclop. Fran. article joute.

[ [524] See sect. vii. p. 118.

[ [525] See book ii. chap. ii. sec. xviii. p. 87.

[ [526] No. 1, B vii.

[ [527] See what has been said respecting the quintain upon the water, sect. v. p. 116.

[ [528] Nichols's Progresses, vol. i. p. 56.

[ [529] No. 69.

[ [530] Son to king Edward IV., who lost his life with his brother Edward in the Tower.

[ [531] Titus, A. xxiii, part i. fol. 7.

[ [532] Fitzstephen's Description of London.

[ [533] Quendam ludum de sancta Katerina (quam miracula vulgariter appellamus) fecit. Vitæ Abbat. p. 35

[ [534] Essay on the Origin of the English Stage, vol. 1.

[ [535] Stow's Survey of London, p. 76.

[ [536] Vespasian, D. viii.

[ [537] Warwickshire, p. 116.

[ [538] Digby, 113.

[ [539] See the Manners and Customs of the English, where this subject is treated upon more largely.

[ [540] See more upon this subject in the following chapter.

[ [541] By writing and preaching against them. A monkish author of the twelfth century says of them, "Etiam illi quo obscænio partibus corporis oculis omnium eam ingerunt turpitudinem, quam erubescat videre vel cynicus, &c." Joh. Sarisburensis de Nugis Curialium, lib. i. cap. viii. p. 34.

[ [542] Dugdale's Monast. vol. ii. p. 568.

[ [543] Vitæ Abbatum, p. 6.

[ [544] Or rather we should say, the French king was meant by the horse, &c.

[ [545] Prologue to the Monk's Tale, which consists of seventeen short stories or tragedies, of which, he tells us, he had an hundred in his cell.

[ [546] Survey of Cornwall, Lond. 1602, p. 71.

[ [547] [It is proper to observe, that the Harleian manuscript of the "Guary-Miracle," referred to by Mr. Strutt, entitled "The Creation of the World, with Noah's Flood, written in Cornish by William Jordan, with an English translation by John Keigwin," has been carefully edited by Davies Gilbert Esq. M.P. F.R.S. F.S.A. &c. and printed by Mr. J. B. Nichols in one volume 8vo. 1827. Mr. Davies Gilbert, who, subsequent to that work was elected president of the Royal Society, had previously edited and given to the public a remarkable Cornish poem called "Mount Calvary," also translated by John Keigwin, with a memoir of Keigwin, and some particulars of his family, by Nicholas Harris Nicolas, esq. F.S.A. These two volumes, and another on "Ancient Christmas Carols, with the tunes to which they were formerly sung in the West of England," also by Mr. Gilbert, are highly valuable additions to our metrical and dramatic archæologia. The airs of the carols are especially curious; and the preface to them contains accounts of a versified play exhibiting the prowess of St. George over a Mahometan adversary, and of a rustic farce which usually followed it.]

[ [548] A treatise against dicing, dancing, vain plays, or interludes, &c. by John Northbrooke.

[ [549] Wardrobe roll of Edward III.

[ [550] Warton's Hist. Eng. Poet. vol. i. p. 238.

[ [551] Warton, vol. iii. p. 156. See also Dr. Henry, Hist. Brit. vol. vi. book vi. chap. 7.

[ [552] No. 264. This MS. was completed in the year 1343.

[ [553] Vita Hen. VIII. fol. 59.

[ [554] Broom.

[ [555] Beacon.

[ [556] Hall's Union. Vita Hen. VIII. fol. 9.

[ [557] Harl. MS. 69, p. 31.

[ [558] October the eighth.

[ [559] Pine apple.

[ [560] A rose tree.

[ [561] Head dress.

[ [562] Pleasaunce was a fine thin species of gauze, which was striped with gold.

[ [563] Hall, ut sup fol. 59.

[ [564] Laneham's account of the sports at Kenelworth Castle, in Nichols's Progresses of queen Elizabeth, vol. i. p. 22.

[ [565] Owing to the discontinuance of the play they might have been lost, and probably the time did not permit them to be written anew. Reliq. Anc. Poet. vol. i. p. 142.

[ [566] Laneham ut supra, p. 24.

[ [567] See sect. vi. p. 153.

[ [568] [In 1801.]

[ [569] See the [Introduction].

[ [570] No. xiv. vol. i. first published in 1711.

[ [571] No. 5931.

[ [572] Biogr. Hist. vol. iv. p. 350.

[ [573] [Before 1801.]

[ [574] Ammianus Marcell. lib. xv. cap. 9.

[ [575] Diodorus Siculus, lib. v. cap. 31.

[ [576] Bartholin de causis contemp. a Danis Mortis, lib. i. cap. 2, et Wormii Lit. Run. ad finim.

[ [577] Spel. Concil. tom. i. p. 455.

[ [578] Vespasian, A. i.

[ [579] Tiberius, C. vi.

[ [580] Pontoppidan. Hist. Norway, p. 148.

[ [581] Wace, Hist. de tut les Reys de Brittaigne, continued by Geoffrai Gaimer, MS. in the Royal Library, marked 13 A. xxi.

[ [582] No. 603.

[ [583] Bede's Eccles. Hist. lib. iv. cap. 24.

[ [584] Fauchet, Origine de la Langue et Poësie Françoise, 1581, liv. i. chap. viii. fol. 72.

[ [585] Le Grand, Fables, ou Contes des 12. 13. Siècles, tom. v.

[ [586] Dr. Henry, Hist. Brit. vol. viii. sect. 3. chap. 5. p. 502.

[ [587] Fauchet des anciens Poets François, liv. ii. chap. vii. p. 92; and see Walpole Royal and Noble Authors, vol. i. p. 6.

[ [588] Confessio Amantis, lib. vii.

[ [589] The thirde boke of Fame.

[ [590] Edition of 1550.

[ [591] The ale here evidently implies the place where ale was sold. Ibid. pass. 1.

[ [592] A reward. Ibid. pass. xi.

[ [593] P. Ploughman, pass. primus.

[ [594] Fabiliaux et Contes, edit. Par. tom. ii. p. 161.

[ [595] Malmsb. lib. ii. cap. 4.

[ [596] Hist. p. 869.

[ [597] Ibid. lib. ii. cap. 6.

[ [598] App. to Leland's Collect. vol. vi. p. 36.

[ [599] At this time there was also a sergeant of the minstrels. See Essay on Ancient Minstrels, Reliques of Ancient Poetry, vol. i.

[ [600] Book ii. chap. 9.

[ [601] Lib. iv. sat. i.

[ [602] Stow's Survey of Lond. p. 84 and 85

[ [603] Pass. xi.

[ [604] See p. [184].

[ [605] Benedict. Abbas, sub an. 1190. Hoveden writes thus: "Cantores et joculatores de illo canerent in plateis; ut jam dicebatur ubique quod non erat talis in orbe;" declaring every where that his equal was not in the world. Hist. p. 103.

[ [606] Orderic. Vitalis, Eccles. Hist. pp. 880, 881.

[ [607] The author uses these words: "Intravit quædam mulier ornata histrionali habitu, equum bonum insidens histrionaliter phaleratum, quæ mensas more histrionem circuivit," &c. Tho. Walsingham, Hist. Anglæ sub an. 1317, p. 85.

[ [608] Non esse moris domus regiæ histriones ab ingressu quemlibet prohibere.

[ [609] Essay upon Ancient Minstrels, in Reliques of Ancient Poetry.

[ [610] The first in the Pardoner's Tale, and the last in the Romance of the Rose. See the article on tumbling and dancing in a succeeding section.

[ [611] Harl. MS. 1764.

[ [612] Sir John Hawkin's History of Music, vol. ii. p. 298.

[ [613] See p. [184].

[ [614] MS. Nero, C viii.

[ [615] Harl. MS. 541.

[ [616] The word noise signifies a company. The reader will find the application of many such terms to different trades and professions in p. 24.

[ [617] Hist. and Antiq. Oxon. lib. i. p. 67, sub an. 1224.

[ [618] "Regi Roberto ministrallo, scut. ad arma commoranti ad vadia regis, capientur per diem 12 en." &c. MS. Cott. Vespasianus, C. xvi.

[ [619] "Regi Roberto, et aliis ministrallis diversis, facientibus ministralsias suas coram rege et aliis magnatibus, de dono ipsius regis, per manus dicti regis Roberti, recipientis denarios ad participandum inter eosdem, apud Eboracum, 20 die Feb. 40 marc." MS. Cott. Nero, C. viii.

[ [620] Dugd. Monast. vol. i. fol. 355.

[ [621] Collection of Old Ballads, London, 1723.

[ [622] Chaucer, in the Romance of the Rose, where the title Roy des Ribaulx occurs in the original, translates it "king of harlotes."

[ [623] Origines des Dignitez et Magistrats de France, fol. 43.

[ [624] Will. Malmsb. p. 93, col. 1.

[ [625] Johan. Sarisburiensis de Nugis Curial. lib. i. cap. 8; lib. iii. cap. 7. Matt. Paris, in Vit. Hen. III. sub an. 1251, &c.

[ [626] "Infinitum histrionum et joculatorum multitudinem, sine cibo et muneribus, va cuam et mœrentum abire permisit." Chron. Virtziburg.

[ [627] Origine de la Langue et Poësie Françoise, lib. i. cap. 4.

[ [628] Harl. MS. 2252.

[ [629] All idleness I hate.

[ [630] A confectioner.

[ [631] That is, if he could tell falsehoods to make men laugh.

[ [632] Lack, or want.

[ [633] Because.

[ [634] Dance, nor jump. Pass. xiv.

[ [635] Duty in their several stations.

[ [636] Lord Berners' Froissart, vol. iv. cap. 41.

[ [637] Anstis, Ord. Gart. vol. ii. p. 303.

[ [638] Liber de Computis Garderobæ, MS. Cott. Lib. Nero, C. viii. fol.82.

[ [639] Cheveretter, or bagpiper; from chevre, a bagpipe, and tregettor, or juggler, a slight of hand player; Ibid. See more on this subject in the next chapter relating to the joculator.

[ [640] Garcionis; from the French garçon, a boy, or lad. In this instance it probably means an apprentice, or servant. Ibid. p. 83.

[ [641] Another entry specifies twenty shillings paid to Robert le Foll to buy himself boclarium, a buckler, to play, ad ludendum, before the king. ibid. p. 85.

[ [642] "Scolas ministrallis in partibus trans mare." Liber de Computis Garderobæ, MS. Cott. Lib. Nero, C. viii. p. 276.

[ [643] Ibid.

[ [644] "Facienti ministralsiam suam coram imagine Beatæ Mariæ in Veltam, rege presente, 5 sol." Ibid. p. 277.

[ [645] Ibid. p. 290.

[ [646] Ibid.

[ [647] MS. in the Remembrancer's Office. See the extract in Dr. Henry's British History, vol. vi. Appendix, No. V.

[ [648] From another MS. in the same office. Ibid.

[ [649] See the next chapter, under the account of the joculators.

[ [650] Leland's Collectanea, pp. 61. 99.

[ [651] See p. [189].

[ [652] Garrick's Collection of Old Plays.

[ [653] "Un tabourin d'argent semé de plaques aussi d'argent." Origine de la Langue et Poësie Françoise, lib. i. cap. viii. fol. 72

[ [654] Supplement to Du Cange.

[ [655] Chaucer, House of Fame, book iii.

[ [656] No. 1315.

[ [657] Frankeleyn's Tale.

[ [658] House of Fame, book iii.

[ [659] The original runs thus: "And they runnen togidre a great randoum; and they frunchen togidre full fiercely, and they breken thare speres so rudely, that the tronchouns flen in sprotes and peces alle about the halle." Mandevile's Travels, p. 285. I have modernized the English in many places, for sometimes it is hardly intelligible.

[ [660] Ibid.

[ [661] That is, they were frighted, expecting to be drowned by the rising of the water.

[ [662] Froissart's Chronicle by lord Berners, vol. iii. chap. 392, fol. 272.

[ [663] Dæmonologie.

[ [664] See "The Conjuror Unveiled," a small pamphlet translated from the French; which gives a full account of these curious pieces of mechanism, and of several others equally surprising.

[ [665] Mr. Tyrwhitt, in his excellent edition of Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales," vol. iii. p. 299.

[ [666] "The Daunce of Macabre," translated, or rather paraphrased, from the French. In this Daunce, Death is represented addressing himself to persons of all ranks and ages. John Lydgate was a monk of St. Edmondsbury Abbey. MS. Harl. No. 116.

[ [667] The meaning is, that Death will come shortly, and not be deceived by any false appearances.

[ [668] Schevid, for achieved, that is to say, performed.

[ [669] Or any astrological judgment derived from the stars or their influence; for the jugglers usually pretended to be astrologers and soothsayers. See the Essay on Ancient Minstrels, prefixed to the Reliques of Ancient Poetry, by the bishop of Dromore.

[ [670] Legerdemain; a corrupted word, derived from the French, signifying properly slights of hand, such as are usually performed by the modern jugglers.

[ [671] More cunning tricks.

[ [672] Garrick's Collection of Old Plays, K. vol. ii.

[ [673] "Janino le tregettor, facienti ministralsiam suam coram rege," &c.; that is, to Janino the tregetour, for performing his minstrelsy before the king, in his chamber near the priory of Swineshead, twenty shillings. Lib. Comput. Garderobæ, an. 4 Edw. II. fol. 86. MS. Cott. Nero, C. viii.

[ [674] The same as the modern hurdy-gurdy.

[ [675] Their performances are thus described by a French poet who wrote in the year 1230:

C'il juggleurs in pies esturent,

S'ont vielles et harpes prisses

Chansons, sons, vers, et reprises,

Et gestes chante nos ont.

Du Cange, in voce Joculator.

See also sir John Hawkins's History of Music, vol ii. 44.

[ [676] Essais Hist. sur Paris, vol. ii. p. 39.

[ [677] "Orbis Sensualium Pictus," by Hoole, 1658; chap. 131.

[ [678] "Glowecesterscire. Berdic, joculator regis, habet iij villas, et ibi v car.; nil redd." Extract from Domesday.

[ [679] Essay on Ancient Minstrels, prefixed to bishop Percy's Reliques of Ancient Poetry, vol. i. p. xciii.

[ [680] A Treatise against Dicing, Dauncing, vaine Playes, or Enterludes, &c. by John Northbrooke, printed at London in the time of Elizabeth.

[ [681] Egloge the third, at the end of Brant's "Ship of Fools," by Barclay, printed A.D. 1508.

[ [682] "Mirrour of Good Manners," translated from the Latin by Barclay, who was a priest and monk of Ely.

[ [683] Or hokos-pokos, as by Ben Jonson, in "The Staple for Newes." See p. [153]. This is the earliest mention I have found of this term. It occurs again in the Seven Champions, by John Kirk, acted in 1663; "My mother could juggle as well as any hocus-pocus in the world."

[ [684] "Playes confuted," by Stephen Gosson; no date, but written about 1580.

[ [685] St. Mark, chap. vi. ver. 22.

[ [686] Nero, D. iv.

[ [687] No. 1, A. xiv.

[ [688] No. 2253. fol. 45.

[ [689] No. 2, B. vii.

[ [690] No. 1527

[ [691] Odyssey, lib. iv. lin. 18. The original word is κυβις ητηρε, saltatores qui se in capita dejiciunt.

[ [692] "De queux le roi rya grantement." Roll of Expenses in the reign of king Edward II. in the possession of Thomas Astle, esq.

[ [693] From a MS. in the Remembrancer's Office, an. 13 Hen. VIII.

[ [694] Eccles. Mem. vol. iii. p. 312, cap. 39.

[ [695] Laneham's Letter, in Mr. Nichols's Progresses of Queen Elizabeth, pp. 15, 17.

[ [696] No. 115, dated Jan. 3, 1709.

[ [697] Domitian, A. 2.

[ [698] No. 335.

[ [699] No. 264.

[ [700] On p. [173].

[ [701] Cleopatra, C. viii.

[ [702] On p. [176].

[ [703] No. 2, B. viii.

[ [704] Tacit. de Morib. Germ. cap. 24.

[ [705] The reader may find a more particular account of the various motions and figures formed by the dancers, from Olaüs Magnus, in Mr. Brand's notes upon the 14th chapter of Bourne's Vulgar Antiquities, p. 175.

[ [706] Cleopatra. C. viii.

[ [707] See p. [166].

[ [708] No 5931.

[ [709] [Before 1800.]

[ [710] I have followed the old English translation by lord Berners. The French is "maistre engigneur," which may be rendered "master juggler." Vol. iv. chap. 38, fol. 47.

[ [711] Burning or lighted candles, in the French chierges ardans.

[ [712] Singing.

[ [713] Essais sur Paris, vol. ii. p. 42.

[ [714] It should be St. Gregory's church, which stood on the south side of St. Paul's nearly opposite to the Dean's Gateway.

[ [715] Archæologia, vol. vii.

[ [716] Holinshed, Chron. vol. iii. p. 1121.

[ [717] [Before 1800.]

[ [718] Mr. John Carrington, of Bacon's, in the parish of Bramfield, near Hertford.

[ [719] Holinshed, Chron. vol iii. p. 1091.

[ [720] Granger, Biog. Hist. vol. iv. p. 349.

[ [721] Granger, vol. iv. pp. 352, 353.

[ [722] [In 1801.]

[ [723] Orbis Sensualium Pictus, A. D. 1658.

[ [724] Richer dances with great facility without any balance, and walks down the rope into the pit, and ascends again. He also adds a variety of other performances.

[ [725] An account of this festival may be found in the account of Christmas Games, book iv. chap. iii. sect. 9.

[ [726] No. 964.

[ [727] [In the drawing the musicians face the dancers: they are placed below them in the above engraving to suit the present page.]

[ [728] [Mr. Douce is of opinion, that the dance set forth above by Mr. Strutt, from the Bodleian MS., did not form a part of the festival of fools.]

[ [729] History of Music, vol. iv. p. 388.

[ [730] Archæologia, vol. i. p. 15. See also the Witch of Edmonton, a tragi-comedy by William Rowley, printed in 1658.

[ [731] See Johnson's Dictionary, word Morris-dance.

[ [732] Garrick's Collection of Old Plays, 1 vol. 18mo.

[ [733] See p. [176].

[ [734] [Reckoning from 1801.]

[ [735] [In 1801.]

[ [736] Harl. Lib. 5931.

[ [737] Vol. i. No. 42.

[ [738] 14, B. v

[ [739] On p. [176].

[ [740] On p. [214].

[ [741] Rot. Comput. temp. Edw. II. penès T. Astle, esq.

[ [742] [Before 1801.]

[ [743] 14. E. iii.

[ [744] Retrospection of Eighteen Hundred Years, vol. ii. p. 224.

[ [745] [In 1801.]

[ [746] In a volume of Miscellaneous Papers, Bibl. Harl. 5931.

[ [747] In the original French it is said,

"———et timberesses,

Qui moult savoient bien juer,

Qui ne finoient de ruer

Le timbre en haut, si recueilloient

Sus un doi conques enfailloient."

[ [748] No. 264.

[ [749] No. 102, July 8, 1713.

[ [750] Biog. Hist. vol. iv. See also Philos. Trans. No. 242, for July, 1698.

[ [751] Miscell. Collect. Harl. Lib. No. 5931.

[ [752] Biog. Hist. vol. iv. p. 350.

[ [753] Vol. viii. No. 572; see also vol. vi. No. 444.

[ [754] See p. [135].

[ [755] Or mastiff dog.

[ [756] On p. [176].

[ [757] On p. [214].

[ [758] No. 264.

[ [759] No. 6563.

[ [760] Essais Hist. sur Paris, vol. ii. p. 178.

[ [761] No. 264.

[ [762] From a Miscellaneous Collection of Papers, Harl. Lib. 5931.

[ [763] Granger, Biog. Hist. vol. iv. p. 353.

[ [764] Ainsworth's Latin Dictionary, word Sybaris.

[ [765] Mem sur Anc. Cheval. tom. i. p. 247.

[ [766] No. 2, B. vii.

[ [767] No. 264.

[ [768] Menestrier, Trait. de Tournois, p. 218.

[ [769] [In 1800.]

[ [770] No. 5938.

[ [771] [A.D. 1800.]

[ [772] [1800.]

[ [773] His meaning, I suppose, is that the performance of this dog was not to be equalled.

[ [774] No. 6563.

[ [775] In Cockspur-street, opposite the Haymarket.

[ [776] [Before 1800.]

[ [777] Du Cange, Gloss. in vocibus Cervula et Kalendæ.

[ [778] See also Bourne's Vulgar Errors, edited by Brand, p. 175.

[ [779] Chap. ii. sect. xiii. p. 159.

[ [780] History of English Poetry, vol. i. p. 237.

[ [781] Mem. Anc. Cheval. tom. ii. p. 68.

[ [782] See a description of two of them, p. 161.

[ [783] Translated by Alexander Barclay, and printed by Pynson in 1508.

[ [784] Stow's Survey, fol. 680.

[ [785] Northbrooke's Treatise, p. 105.

[ [786] Chap. xvi.

[ [787] Chron. tom. i. iv. chap. 157, lord Berners' translation.

[ [788] See Nichols's Progresses, vol. i.

[ [789] No. 26.

[ [790] Page 223.

[ [791] The author, whose name does not appear, declares himself to have been witness to the facts he records. MS. Harl. 6391.

[ [792] Miscell. Collect. Harl. Lib. No. 115.

[ [793] Vol. viii. No. 570.

[ [794] See p. [249].

[ [795] Literally, nightingale.

[ [796] [Before 1800.]

[ [797] Description of London. See also Stow's Survey, p. 78.

[ [798] On p. [243].

[ [799] Survey of London, ubi supra.

[ [800] Lambarde's Perambulation of Kent, published A.D. 1570, p. 248.

[ [801] Survey of London, ubi supra. See also the [Introduction] to this work.

[ [802] Erasmi Adagia, p. 361.

[ [803] Life of Sir Thomas Pope, sect. iii. p. 85.

[ [804] Nichols's Progresses, vol. i. p. 40.

[ [805] Chronicle of Eng. vol. iii. fol. 1552.

[ [806] Nichols's Progresses, vol. ii. p. 228.

[ [807] Itinerary, printed in Latin, A. D. 1598. See lord Orford's translation, Strawberry Hill, p. 42.

[ [808] Nichols's Progresses, vol. i. fol. 249.

[ [809] In a Miscellaneous Collection of Bills and Title-pages, Harl. Lib. No. 15.

[ [810] No. 14, E. iii.

[ [811] See p. [215].

[ [812] No. 20, D. vi.

[ [813] Johan. Sarisburiensis de Nugis Curialium, lib. i. cap. viii. p. 34.

[ [814] Worthies of England, A. D. 1662.

[ [815] Maitland's History of London, book i. chap. xi.

[ [816] Survey of London, chap. ii.

[ [817] I apprehend he means the quarter-staff.

[ [818] Dated 1344. No. 264.

[ [819] Vol. vi. No. 436.

[ [820] No. 449.

[ [821] In a Miscellaneous Collection of Title-pages, Bills, &c. in the Harleian Library, marked 115.

[ [822] Dictionary, word Quarter-staff.

[ [823] Nov. 15, 1625.

[ [824] Fuller's Worthies in Somersetshire.

[ [825] Vol. iv. chap. 23, fol. 24, lord Berners' translation.

[ [826] No. 20, E. iv.

[ [827] Page 41.

[ [828] No. 1026.

[ [829] Encyclopædia Britannica, in voce.

[ [830] Stow's Survey, p. 496.

[ [831] Ibid. pp. 85, 158.

[ [832] "Country Contentments," published in 1615.

[ [833] No. 2, B. vii.

[ [834] An. 17 Edw. IV. cap. 3; again 18 and 20 Hen. VIII. &c.; in both which acts this game is prohibited.

[ [835] Garrick's Collection, vol. i. 18.

[ [836] An. 17 Edw. IV. cap. 8; the prohibition extends also to closh and kayles.

[ [837] Dictionary, word kayle.

[ [838] See p. [243].

[ [839] One of the city laws however prohibits the baiting a bull, a bear, or a horse in the open streets of London, under the penalty of 20 shillings. Stow's Survey, p. 666.

[ [840] Probably the first Randal Holmes, a native of that city. MS. Harl. 2125.

[ [841] First published A.D. 1646. This transcript is from the edit. of 1717, cap. x. pp. 76, 77.

[ [842] This passage he has Latinized in these words: "Senatores majorum gentium et matronæ de eodem gradu."

[ [843] See p. [191].

[ [844] Histriones—habebunt unum Taurum de Priore de Tutebury, Inspex. temp. Hen. VI. Dugdale's Monast. vol. ii. p. 355.

[ [845] Dr. Plott.—In his natural history of this county the reader will find a full account of the services, &c. performed by the minstrels upon this day, pp. 437, 438, 439.

[ [846] A title conferred upon the chief minstrel. See p. [191].

[ [847] "Jeu de Taureau."

[ [848] Whence he derives this sport; to which however it bears but little analogy. See Mr. Pegge's dissertation upon bull-baiting. Archæologia, vol. ii.

[ [849] Collect. of Old Ballads, pub. London, 1723.

[ [850] Philos. Transact. vol. xix. p. 591.

[ [851] For a full explanation of the manner of cock-fighting among the ancient Greeks and Romans, see a memoir upon that subject by the late Rev. Mr. Pegge, Archæologia, vol. iii. p. 132.

[ [852] Description of London; temp. Hen. II.

[ [853] Survey of London, p. 76.

[ [854] Bourne's Antiq. Vulgares by Brand, p. 233.

[ [855] Stow's Survey of London, p. 496.

[ [856] Mons. de la Boderie's Letters, vol. i. p. 56.

[ [857] MS. Harl. 6395, written in the reign of James I., and bearing this title: "Merry Passages and Jeasts."

[ [858] Rev. Mr. Pegge, in his memoir on cock-fighting, Archæol. vol. iii. p. 132.

[ [859] Anatomy of Melancholy, published A. D. 1660.

[ [860] Canterbury Tales.

[ [861] Published at London, 1750.

[ [862] Hall, in the life of that monarch.

[ [863] A. D. 1604, in the second year of the reign of James I. Treatise on College and Schools in and about London, printed 1615.

[ [864] Some time ago the spinnet was a favourite instrument among the ladies; afterwards the guitar; and now the harpsichord, or forte-piano.

[ [865] See p. [186].

[ [866] At Braintree fair in Essex. Hist. Eng. Poet. vol. iii. p. 292. This was a century and a half back, when twenty shillings was a considerable sum. The ancient ballade have frequently this colophon: "Printed by A. B. and are to be sold at the stalls of the ballad-singers." But an ordinance published by Oliver Cromwell against the strolling fiddlers, silenced the ballad-singers, and obliged the sellers to shut up shop. Hawkins, Hist. Music, vol. iv. p. 113.

[ [867] Edward Ward, author of the London Spy, part xi. p. 255.

[ [868] The barbers formerly were often musicians, and usually kept a lute, a viol, or some other musical instrument, in their shops, to amuse their customers while waiting; at present, the newspaper is substituted for the instrument of music.

[ [869] Vol. i. p. 12.

[ [870] Hist. Music, vol. v. p. 352.

[ [871] Vol. v. No. 383.

[ [872] Or entertainment of music in the open air.

[ [873] Hist. of Music, vol. v. pp. 352, 353.

[ [874] It is said to be written by T. G. doctor in physic, and was published A. D. 1684.

[ [875] A. D. 1683.

[ [876] Hawkins, ut supra.

[ [877] [About 1770.]

[ [878] See the [Introduction].

[ [879] Hawkins's Hist. of Music, vol. iv. p. 211.

[ [880] A city of Campania—about the year 400.

[ [881] Hist. Abat. Croyland. Ingulphus died 1109.

[ [882] See Chauncy's Hist. of Hertfordshire, p. 383.

[ [883] [In 1800.]

[ [884] No. 20. B. xi.

[ [885] Vol. v. No. 570.

[ [886] Ibid.

[ [887] Garrick's Col. old plays, G. vol. ii.

[ [888] Book iii. chap. v. p. 207.

[ [889] See the [Introduction].

[ [890] Caligula, A 2. fol. 53.

[ [891] Polite, courteous.

[ [892] Rym. Fœd. tom. vii. p. 160. col. 2.

[ [893] Hist. Music, vol. iii. p. 383.

[ [894] Hist. Angl.

[ [895] Itinerary.

[ [896] Garrick's Col. I, vol. iii.

[ [897] That is, learning they esteem not.

[ [898] First printed by Pynson, A. D. 1508.

[ [899] Stow died A. D. 1605, aged 80. Survey of London, by Strype, vol. i. p. 251.

[ [900] A Woman Killed with Kindness. Trag. by Thomas Heywood, 3d edit. A. D. 1617, Garrick's Collect. E. vol. iv.

[ [901] See the[ Introduction].

[ [902] No. 264.

[ [903] House of Fame, book iii.

[ [904] See note 1, above.

[ [905] Vol. i. No. 76.

[ [906] See the [Introduction].

[ [907] MS. Harl. 6391.

[ [908] See p. [270], and the representation of the ground billiards by the engraving No. 93.

[ [909] By stat. 30 Geo. II.

[ [910] The first occurs in Chaucer; the second in the vocabulary called Orbis Sensualium Pictus, as translated by Hoole, chap. cxxxvi. In Latin it is called Oscillum, and thus described by an old author; Oscillum est genus ludi, &c. In English to this effect; Oscillum is a sort of game played with a rope depending from a beam, in which a boy or a girl being seated, is driven backwards and forwards. Speght's Glossary to Chaucer.

[ [911] Vol. viii. No. 496; and again No. 492 in the same volume.

[ [912] Eustatius ad Iliad. G.

[ [913] Harl. MS. 6391.

[ [914] Palamed. de Alea. lib. i. cap. 18.

[ [915] Isidorus Originum, lib. xviii. cap. 60.

[ [916] Lib. i.

[ [917] See the [Introduction].

[ [918] De Nug. Curialium, lib. i. cap. 5.

[ [919] Orderic. Vital, p. 550.

[ [920] Orbis Sensualium Pictus, translated by Hoole, p. 658.

[ [921] In Latin, Pyrgus, Turricula, et Frittillus.

[ [922] "Nec ludant ad aleas vel taxillos." Decret. Concil. Vigorn. A. D. 1240, directed to the clergy.

[ [923] No. 6395, Art. 69.

[ [924] "As false as dicers' oaths," is a proverbial expression, and used by Shakspeare in Hamlet, act iii. scene 4.

[ [925] An. 5 Ed. VI. A. D. 1551, Holinshed, vol. iii. p. 1062.

[ [926] Palamed. de Aleatoribus, cap. 18.

[ [927] Lepistre Othea, MS. "Ulixes fu un baron de Grece de grant soubtillete, et en temps du siege de Troye il trouva le gieu des esches," &c. Ulysses was a baron of Greece, exceedingly wise, and during the siege of Troy invented the game of chess. Harl. Lib. 4431.

[ [928] Ency. Brit. word Chess.

[ [929] No. 1275.

[ [930] Dream of Love.

[ [931] Encyclop. Françoise, in voce Echecs.

[ [932] See the [Introduction].

[ [933] See Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy.

[ [934] Collect. vol. i. p. 264.

[ [935] Ibid.

[ [936] Ency. Brit. word Chess.

[ [937] No. 4431.

[ [938] In Chaucer's Dream this piece is called fers and feers.

[ [939] 13 A. xviii.

[ [940] And revived by Claud. Bruxer and others, A. D. 1514. Burton's Descrip. of Leicestershire, under Loughborough, p. 182.

[ [941] No. 451.

[ [942] [The white pieces above, No. 104, should be to the left, and be opposed by the blacks, No. 105, on the right; that is to say, were the engravings on the present page divided by the scissars, and placed as represented in Mr. Strutt's print, the round whites would be opposite to the round blacks.]

[ [943] The printed edition of Claud. Bruxer, who revived this play, in which no doubt it is fully explained, I have not seen. It is said to have been published by Hen. Stephanus, A. D. 1514.

[ [944] Part ii. sect. 2. mem. 4.

[ [945] Du Cange, Gloss. in voce Tabula.

[ [946] See the [Introduction].

[ [947] No. 1527.

[ [948] No. 13, A. xviii.

[ [949] The whole passage runs thus: "Donne a Jacqemin Gringonneur, peintre, pour trois jeux de cartes, à or et à diverse couleurs de plusieurs devises, pour porter vers le dit Seigneur Roy pour son abatement, cinquante-six sol Parisis." St. Foix, Essais sur Paris, tom. i. p. 341.

[ [950] Chronic. de Petit Jean de Saintre, cap. 15.

[ [951] Bullet, p. 18. See also Mr. Gough on Card-playing, Archæologia, vol. viii. p. 152 et seq.

[ [952] See the hon. Daines Barrington on Card-playing, Archæologia, vol. viii. p. 135 et seq.

[ [953] Heineken, Idée générale d'une Collection des Estampes, pp. 237, 249.

[ [954] "Waltero Sturton, ad opus Regis, ad ludendum ad quatuor reges," viii s. v d Anstis, History of the Garter.

[ [955] Warton says it seems probable that the Arabians were the inventors of cards, which they communicated to the Constantinopolitan Greeks. Hist. Eng. Poetry, vol. ii. p. 316. Indeed it is very likely they were brought into the western parts of Europe during the crusades.

[ [956] Henry's Hist. Brit. vol. v. book v. cap. vii.

[ [957] And hence originated the noble and beneficial art of printing. These printing blocks are traced back to the year 1423, and probably were produced at a much earlier period. Idée générale d'une Collect. des Estampes, ut sup.

[ [958] An old Scotch poem, cited by Warton, speaks of cards and dice as fashionable amusements, but of evil tendency. Hist. Poet. vol. ii. p. 316.

[ [959] Extract from a MS. in the Remembrancer's Office, dated December 26, an. 9 Hen. VII.

[ [960] Addit. to Leland's Collect. vol. iii. p. 285.

[ [961] Sir Will. Forrest. See Warton's Hist. Poet. vol. iii. sect. 36, p. 311.

[ [962] The same statute forbade any householder to permit card-playing in his house under the penalty of six shillings and eight pence for every offence. Stat. an. 11 Hen. VII. cap. 2.

[ [963] Stow's Survey. By points he means narrow ribbons with which one part of the dress was attached to the other.

[ [964] Especially Stephen Gosson, in his School of Abuse, printed A. D 1579; and John Northbrooke, in a Treatise against Diceing, Card-playing, Dancing, &c. without date, but apparently published soon after the former.

[ [965] Cap. ix.

[ [966] Cap. xix.

[ [967] No. 17, D. iij.

[ [968] Black letter, without date, printed by Wynkyn de Worde. Garrick's Collection of Old Plays.

[ [969] [In 1800.]

[ [970] Vol. vii. p. 152 et seq.

[ [971] Garrick's Collect. vol. i. 18.

[ [972] Hon. Daines Barrington on Card-playing, Archæologia, vol. viii.

[ [973] This play is said to have been first acted A. D. 1561; the edition I quote from is dated 1575.

[ [974] Written by Jonson, Chapman, and Marlow, and printed A. D. 1605.

[ [975] Called also post and pair.

[ [976] Called Saint Lodam by Mr. Barrington, I know not upon what authority, Archæologia, ut supra.

[ [977] Perhaps the same with bankafalet mentioned in the Complete Gamester.

[ [978] See also Mr. Barrington, ut supra.

[ [979] Bullet, Recherches Hist. sur Cartes à jouer, p. 152.

[ [980] Perhaps this may be the same as the game called Ace of Hearts, prohibited with all lotteries by cards and dice, an. 12 Geo. II. cap. 38, sect. 2.

[ [981] Vol. v. No. 323.

[ [982] See Des Lust und Spiel Hauses, published at Bude 1680.

[ [983] Antiq. Repert. vol. ii. p. 58.

[ [984] See [Introduction].

[ [985] Polydore Vergil de Rerum Invent. lib. v. cap. 2.

[ [986] An. 4 Hen. VII. A. D. 1489.

[ [987] Collect. vol. iii. Append. p. 256.

[ [988] See Warton's Hist. Eng. Poetry, vol. i. p. 381.

[ [989] Chron. of Brit. vol. iii. fol 1317.

[ [990] Survey of London, p. 79.

[ [991] Anatomie of Abuses, printed A. D. 1595.

[ [992] Childish, trifling.

[ [993] Dugdale's Origines Juridiciales, fol. 247.

[ [994] By Blomfield, vol. ii. p. 3.

[ [995] Before.

[ [996] Each.

[ [997] Bourne's Antiq. Vulg. chap. xvii.

[ [998] Cited by Mr. Brand, notes to Bourne, p. 205.

[ [999] Reges Fabis creantur.

[ [1000] In nomine Regis de Fabâ. MS. Cott. Nero, C. viii.

[ [1001] Table Talk, London, 1689, title Christmas.

[ [1002] Circular Letter addressed to the Clergy of France, by P. de Blois, published in 1444.

[ [1003] Register de Eglise de S. Stephen de Dijon, 1494.

[ [1004] P. de Blois, ut supra.

[ [1005] Encyclopédie Françoise, article Fête des Fous.

[ [1006] Theoph. Raynaud.

[ [1007] Dugdale's Monast. vol. iii. Appendix vii.

[ [1008] A. D. 1512. Warton, Hist. Eng. Poetry, vol. i. p. 248; and vol. iii. p. 390.

[ [1009] Of St. Paul's cathedral.

[ [1010] Knight's Life of Colet, p. 362.

[ [1011] Hist. Poet. ut supra.

[ [1012] Boys.

[ [1013] MS. Cott. Tiberius B. i.

[ [1014] Strype's Eccl. Mem. vol. iii. chap. 39. p. 310.

[ [1015] Ibid. chap. 35. p. 202.

[ [1016] Ibid. chap. 39. p. 310.

[ [1017] Invent. York Cathedral. See also Dugdale's Hist of St. Paul's, p. 205.

[ [1018] Additions to Bourne's Antiq. Vulg. chap. 14. p. 175.

[ [1019] Ibid.

[ [1020] See Warton's Hist. Eng. Poet. vol. iii. p. 307.

[ [1021] Heath's Islands of Scilly, 1750, p. 125.

[ [1022] Survey of Lond. p. 79.

[ [1023] M. Paris Hist. Aug. sub anno 1152.

[ [1024] Or Ross, the Warwickshire historian. Edita Hearne, p. 105.

[ [1025] Gloss, under the title Hock-day.

[ [1026] Hist. Hampshire.

[ [1027] See a Memoir by the Rev. Mr. Jenne, Archæologia, vol. vii. p. 224

[ [1028] A. D. 1002. But the time of the year does not agree. St. Brice's-day is the 13th of November.

[ [1029] Memoir, ut supra.

[ [1030] Page [223], and [Introduction].

[ [1031] Antiq. Vulgares, chap. 25.

[ [1032] Survey of London, p. 80.

[ [1033] In his Anatomie of Abuses, printed in 1595.

[ [1034] The May-pole is treated with little less ceremony by the Rev. Thomas Hall, another Reformist, cited in the [Introduction].

[ [1035] Archæologia, vol. i. cap. 4, p. 11.

[ [1036] Strype's Eccles. Mem. vol. iii. cap. 49, p. 377.

[ [1037] Hall, in Vit. Hen. VIII. fol. vi

[ [1038] Hinder or prevent

[ [1039] Latimer's Sermons, printed 1589

[ [1040] K. vol. x.

[ [1041] Harl. Lib. 69.

[ [1042] I suppose the author means tilting armour, for the purpose of justing, here called running of courses.

[ [1043] See p. [143].

[ [1044] Hall, in Vit. Hen. VIII. an. 2, p. vi.

[ [1045] See an account of this book in the [Introduction].

[ [1046] Vol. v. No. 365, first published A. D. 1712.

[ [1047] See Granger's Biog. Hist. vol. iv. p. 354.

[ [1048] Blount's Ancient Tenures, p. 49.

[ [1049] Bourne's Antiq. vol. ix. chap. 27

[ [1050] MSS. Harl. 2354 and 2391.

[ [1051] The midsummer pageants at Chester are fully described in the [Introduction].

[ [1052] Survey of London, pp. 84, 85.

[ [1053] Perhaps it should be image, and resembled those commonly used in other pageants.

[ [1054] Nat. Hist Oxford, p.343, and Blount's Ancient Tenures, p. 154.

[ [1055] Eccl. Memoirs, vol. iii. chap. 39, p. 51.

[ [1056] Ibid. p. 309.

[ [1057] Eccl. Memoirs, vol. iii. chap. 49, p. 377

[ [1058] Table Talk, 1689, article Pope.

[ [1059] Heath's Description of Cornwall, p. 445

[ [1060] Præcedente tibicine aut tympano. Moresin. Deprav. Reliq. Orig. in verbo vacina.

[ [1061] Brand's Observations on Bourne's Vulg. Antiq. chap. xxxi. p. 303.

[ [1062] Ibid.

[ [1063] Vulg. Antiq. ut supra.

[ [1064] Ibid.

[ [1065] Bede, Eccl. Hist. lib. i. cap. 30.

[ [1066] Ibid.

[ [1067] Homily for the Vigil of St. John Baptist. MS. Harl.

[ [1068] Antiq. Vulg. chap. 30.

[ [1069] Dodsworth's MSS. Bid. Bob. vol. 148. fol. 97.

[ [1070] That is, the time the contract was made.

[ [1071] Carew's Survey of Cornwall, 1602, book i. p. 68.

[ [1072] The Anatomie of Abuses, 1595.

[ [1073] I rather think it should be church-yard.

[ [1074] Burton, Anat. Melancholy, part ii. sect. 2. cap. 4.

[ [1075] Vol. ii. No. 161, first printed 1711.

[ [1076] Vol. iii. No.

[ [1077] See the [Introduction].

[ [1078] Reckoning from 1800.

[ [1079] Survey of London.

[ [1080] See p. [373]. It does not appear that these lamps were made with glass of various colours, according to the present fashion. I rather think this improvement is perfectly modern.

[ [1081] A galley, or small vessel.

[ [1082] Act iv. scene 2.

[ [1083] Nichols's Progresses of Elizabeth, vol. i.

[ [1084] I suppose he means the discharge of a cannon or two.

[ [1085] Princely Pleasures at Kenelworth Castle, p. 62.

[ [1086] Small kind of cannons.

[ [1087] Nichols's Progresses of Elizabeth, vol. ii. p. 19.

[ [1088] History of all the Colleges in and about London, printed A. D. 1615.

[ [1089] [Before 1800.]

[ [1090] [Reckoning from 1800.]

[ [1091] [In 1800.]

[ [1092] See p. [375].

[ [1093] See p. [375]; and the [Introduction]; whence it appears these green men attended the pageants, and preceded the principal persons in the procession to clear the way.

[ [1094] Garrick's Collection, G. vol. ii.

[ [1095] See p. [84].

[ [1096] See p. [254].

[ [1097] Plut. in Apophthegm. Laced. et Ælian. Var. Hist. lib. xii. cap. 15.

[ [1098] Val. Max. lib. viii. cap. 8.

[ [1099] See p. [147].

[ [1100] See p. [118].

[ [1101] See pp. [144-146].

[ [1102] See p. [125].

[ [1103] See p. [77].

[ [1104] See p. [78].

[ [1105] Garrick's Collect. I. vol. xviii.

[ [1106] Dictionary, word barley-brake.

[ [1107] See p. [80].

[ [1108] Joan. Meursi, de Lud. Græc.

[ [1109] Pollux, lib. ix. cap. 7

[ [1110] See p. [225].

[ [1111] See pp. [85], [86].

[ [1112] Taken from tricks of the jugglers. See p. [226].

[ [1113] See pp. [302], [303].

[ [1114] See chap. iii. p. [91], et infra.

[ [1115] See p. [270].

[ [1116] Sueton, in Vita Aug. cap. 83.

[ [1117] No. 112.

[ [1118] The poet has drawn a simile from this pastime. Æneidos, lib. vii. lin. 378, et infra.

[ [1119] Harl. Lib. No. 6391.

[ [1120] Lib. ii. sat. 3. line 48.

[ [1121] See p. [337].

[ [1122] See p. [276].

[ [1123] Vol. vi. No. 466.

[ [1124] Pollux, lib. ix. cap. 7.

[ [1125] See p. [303].

[ [1126] No. 2. b. vii.

[ [1127] Act ii. scene the last.

[ [1128] Pollux, lib. ix. cap. 7.

[ [1129] No. 2, B. vii.

[ [1130] Addition to Bourne's Vulg. Antiq.

[ [1131] No. 264.

[ [1132] Pollux, lib. ix. cap. 7.

[ [1133] Pollux, lib. ix. cap. 7.

[ [1134] Page [391].

[ [1135] Lib. ii. sat. 3. line 47.

[ [1136] Pollux, lib. ix. cap. 7.

[ [1137] Vol. vii. No. 504.

[ [1138] Page 571.

[ [1139] Pollux. lib. ix. cap. 7.

[ [1140] No. 20. D. iv.

[ [1141] Harl. MS. 2391.

[ [1142] Harl. MS. 2125.

[ [1143] Vol. iii. No. 246.

[ [1144] Vol. iv. No. 278.

INDEX.

THE END.

J. Haddon, Printer, Castle Street, Finsbury, London.