INDEX
[A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] Q [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] X [Y] Z
Abolitionists,
denounced by Illinois legislature, i. [55];
disapprove emancipation with compensation, [80];
wish to induce Lincoln to join them, [95];
unpopular at North, [115];
difference of Lincoln from, [137], [138];
refuse to support Lincoln in 1860, [176], [177];
urge peaceful secession in 1861, [231];
denounce Lincoln for not making war an anti-slavery crusade, ii. 98, 99;
demand a proclamation of emancipation, 99;
unwisdom of their course, 102;
unappeased, even after emancipation proclamation, 119, 120;
their small numbers, 121;
their attitude toward Lincoln, 255-257.
Adams, Charles Francis,
letter of Seward to, on impossibility of war, i. [231];
appointed minister to England, [372];
complains to England of privateers, ii. 171;
complains of the Alabama, 172.
Adams, Charles F., Jr.,
enters Richmond with negro cavalry regiment, ii. 335.
Adams, John Quincy,
in Congress with Lincoln, i. [74].
Alabama,
not ready to secede, but opposed to coercion, i. [182], [183];
wishes Southern convention, [183];
secedes, [186].
Alabama,
Confederate privateer, ii. 172;
sunk by Kearsarge, 301.
Albert, Prince,
revises Palmerston's dispatch on Trent affair, i. [383].
Anderson, Robert,
signs Lincoln's certificate of discharge in Black Hawk war, i. [36];
commands at Fort Moultrie in 1860, [185];
moves forces to Sumter, [243];
asks instructions in vain, [343];
appeals to Lincoln, [244];
refuses to surrender Sumter, [248].
Andrew, Governor John A.,
prepares Massachusetts militia, i. [256];
asks United States for muskets, [257];
sends on troops, [257].
Anthony, Henry B.,
in Senate in 1861, i. [297].
Antietam,
battle of, ii. 85, 86.
Arkansas,
refuses to furnish Lincoln troops, i. [255];
at first Unionist, finally secedes, [269];
campaign of Curtis in, [351];
reconstructed, ii. 295;
chooses electors, 295.
Armstrong, Jack,
his wrestling match with Lincoln, i. [18], [19];
his later friendship with Lincoln, [19];
aids him in politics, [19].
Arnold, Isaac N.,
in House in 1861, i. [297];
describes drilling of Army of Potomac, [307];
on importance of Lincoln's action in Trent case, [385];
introduces bill abolishing slavery under federal jurisdiction, ii. 13;
on composition of Gettysburg address, 213;
dreads danger in election of 1864, 245;
Lincoln's only supporter in Congress, 247;
refusal of Lincoln to help in campaign, 289;
on Lincoln's attempt to push thirteenth amendment through Congress, 318;
on second vote on thirteenth amendment, 325.
Arnold, Samuel,
accomplice of Booth, tried and condemned, ii. 351.
Ashley, James M.,
in House in 1861, i. [297];
moves to reconsider thirteenth amendment, ii. 318.
Ashmun, George,
presides over Republican Convention of 1860, i. [167].
Assassination of Lincoln,
threats during term of office, ii. 342-344;
successful plot of 1865, 345-353;
death of Booth, 349;
trial and punishment of other persons concerned, 350-353.
Atlanta,
battle of, ii. 283.
Atzerodt, Geo. A.,
accomplice of Booth, tried and condemned, ii. 350-352.
Baker, Edward D.,
in Illinois campaign of 1838, i. [59];
at Illinois bar, [68];
candidate for Congress, [71];
elected, [72];
his agreement with Lincoln and others, [72];
introduces Lincoln at inauguration, [220];
killed at Ball's Bluff, [308];
responsible for disaster, [309].
Ball's Bluff,
Banks, Nathaniel P.,
in Federal army, i. [319];
his corps in 1862, ii. 44;
defeated by Jackson, 54;
takes Port Hudson, 162.
Barnard, General John G.,
opposes McClellan's plan of campaign, i. [336];
on impossibility of taking Yorktown, ii. 38.
Bates, Edward,
candidate for Republican nomination, i. [167];
favored by Greeley, [167];
his chances as a moderate candidate, [168];
attorney-general, [234];
opposes reinforcing Sumter, [245].
Bayard, James A.,
in Senate in 1861, i. [297].
Beauregard, General P.G.T.,
commands at Charleston i. [244];
notified by Lincoln of purpose to reinforce Sumter, [248];
requests surrender of Sumter, [248];
commands bombardment, [249];
commands Confederate army at Manassas, [299];
at battle of Bull Run, [301];
at battle of Shiloh, [362];
evacuates Corinth, [364].
Bell, John,
candidate of Constitutional Union party, i. [166];
vote for, [178].
Benjamin, Judah P.,
denounces Buchanan, i. [200];
in Confederate cabinet, [206].
Bentonsville,
battle of, ii. 331.
Berry, Wm. F.,
his partnership with Lincoln, and failure, i. [39], [40].
Big Bethel,
battle of, i. [298].
Black, Jeremiah S.,
in Buchanan's cabinet, i. [188];
succeeds Cass in State Department, [198];
after vacillation turns toward coercion, [199], [200];
forces Buchanan to alter reply to South Carolina commissioners, [200].
Black Hawk war, i. [35], [36].
Blaine, James G.,
on purpose of war, ii. 4;
on Lincoln's order to McDowell to pursue Jackson, 53;
on crisis in congressional elections of 1862, 122;
on admission of West Virginia, 181;
on Vallandigham case, 187.
Blair, F.P., Jr.,
tries to keep Lee in Union army, i. [263];
leads Unionist party in Missouri, [269];
in House in 1861, [297];
confers with Davis, ii. 304.
Blair, Montgomery,
in Lincoln's cabinet, i. [234];
wishes to relieve Sumter, [245], [246];
at council of war, [324];
favors McClellan's plan of war, [330];
visits Missouri to investigate Fremont, [350];
arrested by Fremont, [350];
warns Lincoln that emancipation proclamation will lose fall elections, ii. 123;
hated by radicals, 287;
his dismissal urged, 287;
upheld by Lincoln, 288;
resigns at Lincoln's request, 288;
wishes chief-justiceship, 298.
Blenker, General Louis,
favors McClellan's plan of campaign, i. [336];
sent to strengthen Fremont, ii. 35.
Booth, John Wilkes,
murders Lincoln, ii. 346, 347;
his character, 347, 348;
his end, 348, 349.
Border States,
necessity of retaining in Union, i. [255];
dealings of Lincoln with, in 1861, [265]-[268];
their neutrality policy explained in annual message, [292];
both pro-slavery and Unionist, ii. 3;
desire to conciliate controls Lincoln's policy, 3;
with their slave property guaranteed by North, 3;
oppose bill freeing slaves used in war, 5;
oppose other anti-slavery bills, 11-15;
irritated by congressional policy, 18, 19;
urged by Lincoln to agree to emancipation, 21, 22, 24-27;
refuse to approve, 22, 26, 27;
Lincoln's policy toward, denounced by Abolitionists, 103, 104;
their support in 1862 saves Lincoln, 125.
Boutwell, George S.,
urges emancipation upon Lincoln, ii. 116.
Bragg, General Braxton,
invades Kentucky, ii. 154;
outmarched by Buell, 154;
at battle of Stone's River, 155;
retreats, 156;
reinforced, 163;
at battle of Chickamauga, 164;
besieges Chattanooga, 165;
defeated by Grant, 166, 167.
Breckenridge, John C.,
elected Vice-President, i. [101];
nominated by South for President, [164];
carries Southern States, [178];
announces election of Lincoln, [208];
expelled from Senate, [297].
Bright, Jesse D.,
expelled from Senate, i. [297].
Brooks, Preston S.,
assaults Sumner, i. [99];
praised at the South, [100].
Brough, John,
nominated for governor in Ohio and elected, ii. 192.
Brown, Aaron V.,
in Buchanan's cabinet, i. [188].
Brown, B. Gratz,
supports Fremont against Lincoln in 1864, ii. 255.
Brown, Mayor Geo. W.,
thinks Maryland will secede, i. [258];
burns bridges and cuts wires north of Baltimore, [259].
Browning, O.H.,
at Illinois bar, i. [68].
Bryant, William Cullen,
introduces Lincoln in New York, i. [153];
favors postponement of Republican convention in 1864, ii. 261.
Buchanan, James,
nominated by Democrats, i. [101];
elected President, his character, [102];
refers to Dred Scott decision in inaugural address, [102];
his recognition of Lecompton Constitution in Kansas, [105];
despised by Douglas, [108];
accused by Lincoln of plotting to make slavery national, [126];
his hard situation in 1860, [180];
distracted in body and mind, [181];
receives secession commissioners of South Carolina, [186];
a Unionist in feeling, [187];
his message on secession, [188], [189];
wishes to shirk responsibility, [189];
declares coercion unconstitutional, [189];
ridiculed by Republicans, [190];
excuse for his position, [190], [195];
declines to receive Southern commissioners, [199];
virtually abdicates power to cabinet, [200];
denounced by South, [200];
forced to appoint Dix to Treasury Department, [200], [201];
calls extra session of Senate to aid Lincoln, [234];
his futile policy towards Fort Sumter, [243].
Buckner, General Simon B.,
surrenders Fort Donelson, i. [354].
Buell, General D.C.,
his resemblance in character to McClellan, i. [352];
refuses to seize East Tennessee, [352], [353];
snubbed by McClellan, [353];
recommended by Halleck for promotion, [355];
takes Nashville, [360];
saves battle of Shiloh, [362];
allows slave-owners to reclaim fugitives, ii. 8;
seizes Louisville before Bragg, 154;
opposes Halleck's plan to invade Tennessee, 155;
resigns, 155.
Bull Run,
first battle of, i. [300]-[302];
second battle of, ii. 77.
Burlingame, Anson D.,
hopes that Douglas will join Republicans, i. [116].
Burns, Anthony,
seized as a slave in Boston, i. [99].
Burnside, General Ambrose E.,
commands in North Carolina, i. [348];
given command of Army of Potomac, ii. 92;
at Fredericksburg, 136, 137;
loses confidence of army, 137, 138;
ordered by Lincoln to do nothing without informing him, 138;
offers to resign, 138;
wishes to dismiss several generals, 138;
resigns, 138;
his campaign in East Tennessee, 163, 164;
relieved by Sherman, 167;
alarmed at Copperheads, 184;
commands in Ohio, 185;
issues order threatening traitors, 185;
tries and condemns Vallandigham, 186;
comment of Lincoln on, 187;
offers resignation, 187.
Butler, Benjamin F.,
takes possession of hill commanding Baltimore, i. [260];
commands at Fortress Monroe, [298];
commands at New Orleans, [358];
keeps slaves as "contraband of war," ii. 5;
"bottled" at Bermuda Hundred, 280.
Butterfield, Justin,
at Illinois bar, i. [68].
Cadwalader, General George,
refuses to liberate Merryman on Taney's writ, i. [288].
Calhoun, John,
appoints Lincoln deputy surveyor, i. [41].
Calhoun, John C.,
his speech on Compromise of 1850, i. [90].
California,
annexed, i. [86];
gold fever in, [87];
asks admission as State, [87];
prohibits slavery, [87];
refusal of South to admit, [88];
admitted, [91].
Cameron, Simon,
candidate for Republican presidential nomination in 1860, i. [167];
sells his vote for promise of a place in cabinet, [169], [170];
willing to sacrifice anything to save Union, [197];
secretary of war, [234];
difficulty over his appointment, [236];
opposes relieving Fort Sumter, [245];
refuses muskets to Massachusetts militia, [257];
wishes to leave War Department, [326];
appointed minister to Russia, [326];
instructs Butler not to return slaves, ii. 5;
authorizes Sherman to use negroes, 8;
suggests arming slaves in annual report, 9;
his report suppressed by Lincoln, 9;
supports Lincoln for reëlection, 260.
Campbell, Judge John A.,
acts as intermediary between Seward and Confederate commissioners, i. [239], [245];
on Confederate Peace Commission, ii. 305.
Cartwright, Peter,
defeated by Lincoln for Congress, i. [73];
his character as itinerant preacher, [73].
Cass, Lewis,
attacked by Lincoln in Congress, i. [79];
in Buchanan's cabinet, [187];
wishes to coerce South, [198];
resigns when Buchanan refuses to garrison Southern forts, [198].
Caucus,
denounced by Whigs in Illinois, i. [49].
Cedar Mountain,
battle of, ii. 76.
Chambrun, Comte de,
on Lincoln's magnanimity, ii. 344.
Chancellorsville,
battle of, ii. 141, 142.
Chandler, Zachariah,
in Senate in 1861, i. [296];
denounces conservatives, ii. 213;
threatens Lincoln, 232.
Chase, Salmon P.,
in debate on Compromise, i. [90];
candidate for Republican nomination in 1860, [167], [169], [170];
secretary of treasury, [234];
objected to by Pennsylvania protectionists, [236];
wishes to reinforce Sumter, [245], [246];
dislikes subordination to Lincoln, [275], [276];
wishes McClellan to advance, [324];
asks him his plans and is snubbed, [325];
favors Lincoln's plan of campaign, [330];
on ease of a victory, [341];
considers Lincoln inefficient, ii. 104;
leader of discontented Republicans, 109, 176;
on Lincoln's responsibility for emancipation proclamation, 117, 118;
suggests an addition to it, 131;
wishes to present bankers to Lincoln, 170;
left undisturbed in control of Treasury, 170, 171;
his resignation taken by Lincoln, 177;
letter of Lincoln to, 178;
hesitates to withdraw resignation, 178;
finally does so, 179;
irritated by Lincoln's independence, 247;
becomes candidate for Republican nomination, 248;
not feared by Lincoln, 248, 249;
his offer to resign declined, 250;
fails to obtain support, 251;
withdraws name, 251;
continues to dislike Lincoln, 252;
frequently offers resignation, 253;
finally leaves office, 253;
on bad terms with Blair, 287;
appointed chief justice, 298, 299.
Chestnut, James,
defies North in 1860, i. [196].
Chickamauga,
battle of, ii. 164.
Chittenden, L.E.,
on danger of a recognition of Confederacy by England, i. [387].
Cisco, John J.,
quarrel over appointment of his successor, ii. 253.
Clay, Henry,
admired by Lincoln, i. [71];
less admired after his visit at Ashland, [71];
offers Compromise of 1850, [89].
Clinton, George,
denounced in New York for calling secession "rebellion," i. [194].
Cobb, Howell,
in Congress with Lincoln, i. [74];
on "making better terms out of the Union than in it," [183];
in Buchanan's cabinet, [187];
candidate for presidency of South, [188];
resigns from cabinet, [198].
Cochrane, General John,
nominated for Vice-President, ii. 258.
Cold Harbor,
battle of, ii. 280.
Colfax, Schuyler,
expects Douglas to join Republicans, i. [116];
in House in 1861, [297];
on Lincoln's tenacity, ii. 114;
announces passage of thirteenth amendment, 326.
Collamer, Jacob,
in Congress with Lincoln, i. [74];
vote for, in Republican Convention of 1860, [169];
in Senate in 1861, [297].
Colonization,
favored by Lincoln, i. [139];
Compromise of 1850,
Confederate States,
formed by convention, i. [205];
organization of, [205], [206];
sends commissioners to United States, [238];
its envoys rejected by Lincoln, [238]-[240];
prepares to seize Fort Sumter, [244];
amused at Lincoln's call for volunteers, [255];
receives Virginia, [264];
belligerency of, recognized by England and France, [371], [372];
refusal of Lincoln to receive Stephens embassy from, ii. 152, 153;
sells bonds in England, 172, 173;
dealings of supposed emissaries from, with Greeley, 268-270;
refusal of Lincoln to negotiate with, 302;
dealings of Blair with, 304;
sends commissioners, 305;
conference of Lincoln and Seward with commissioners of, 305, 306;
government of, collapses, 333, 334.
Congress,
proposes amendment to Constitution to protect slavery, i. [201], [202];
counts electoral votes, [207], [208];
extra session called, [254];
votes to support Lincoln, [298];
creates Committee on Conduct of War, [321], [322];
discusses battle of Shiloh, [362];
passes Crittenden resolution disavowing slavery as cause of war, ii. 4;
passes bill freeing slaves used in war, 5;
refuses to reaffirm Crittenden resolution, 11;
passes bill for emancipation in District, 11;
prohibits officers to return fugitive slaves, 12;
abolishes slavery in Territories, etc., 13, 14;
passes act freeing slaves of rebels, 14;
passes act to arm negroes, 15-17;
fails to provide equal pay, 18;
ignores Lincoln's wishes to conciliate Border States, 20;
passes resolution to cooperate with States adopting emancipation, 23;
unpopularity of Lincoln with, 104, 105;
continues in 1862 to oppose Lincoln, 126;
fails to pass bill offering compensated emancipation to Missouri, 129;
character of, in 1863, 212, 213;
accepts Representatives from reconstructed Louisiana, 220;
jealous of Lincoln's plan of reconstruction, 227;
desires to control matter itself, 228;
passes reconstruction bill, 230-232;
wishes to supplant Lincoln by Chase, 246-248;
creates lieutenant-general, 276;
refuses to recognize electors from Southern reconstructed States, 295, 296;
fails to adopt thirteenth amendment, 318;
after election of 1864, passes amendment, 324-327.
Conkling, James C.,
letter of Lincoln to, ii. 201-207.
Conkling, Roscoe,
in House in 1861, i. [297].
Constitution,
slavery compromises in, i. [82];
in relation to doctrine of non-intervention, [88];
in relation to slavery in States, [132], [133];
in relation to emancipation, [133], [134];
in relation to popular sovereignty and Dred Scott decision, [142], [143];
attitude of Abolitionists and Republicans toward, [176];
its relation to secession, Buchanan's view, [188]-[190];
proposal to amend, in 1861, [201], [202];
its relation to secession, Lincoln's view, [219], [221], [293];
in relation to blockade, [284], [285];
strained by civil war, [285];
war powers of, used by Lincoln, [285], [286];
in connection with suspension of habeas corpus, [286]-[291];
makes President commander-in-chief, [318];
in relation to act abolishing slavery in Territories, ii. 14;
desire of Abolitionists to ignore, 100, 109;
Lincoln's view of, as forcing issue of war to be the Union, 101, 102, 107, 108;
in relation to emancipation proclamation, 111, 113, 315;
strained by admission of West Virginia, 180, 181;
really in abeyance, 208;
in relation to reconstruction, 216, 217;
justifies "military governors," 217, 218;
in regard to relative powers of executive and Congress in reconstruction, 232;
as to power of Congress over electoral count, 296, 297;
proposal to amend so as to abolish slavery, 317, 318;
passage of thirteenth amendment by Congress, 324-327.
Constitutional Union party,
its origin and aims, i. [165], [166];
its subsequent fate, [166];
its vote in 1860, [178].
"Copperheads,"
developed in second year of war, ii. 95;
their principles and policy, 95, 96;
active after Chancellorsville, 143;
organization of, to oppose war, 181-183;
feared in Indiana, 183;
fail to accomplish anything, 183, 184;
despised by Lincoln, 184;
led by Vallandigham, 185;
attempt to put down, 186, 187;
Lincoln's opinion of, 190, 191;
demand revocation of emancipation proclamation, 319.
Corbett, Boston,
kills Booth, ii. 349.
Covode, John,
in House in 1861, i. [298].
Cox, Samuel S.,
in House in 1861, i. [297].
Crittenden, John J.,
offers compromise in 1861, i. [202];
in House in 1861, [297];
offers resolution that war is not against slavery, ii. 4;
opposes Lincoln's plan of emancipation in Kentucky, 22.
Curtin, Governor Andrew G.,
invites governors to meet at Altoona, ii. 117;
on connection of conference with emancipation proclamation, 118;
reflected, 201.
Curtis, Benjamin R.,
his opinion in Dred Scott case, i. [103].
Curtis, General Samuel R.,
his campaign in Missouri and Arkansas, i. [351].
Cushing, Lieutenant William B.,
destroys the Albemarle, ii. 301.
Davis, David,
at Illinois bar, i. [68];
disgusted at election of Trumbull in 1855, [98];
Lincoln's manager in convention of 1860, [167].
Davis, Garrett,
succeeds Breckenridge in Senate, i. [297];
his plea against arming negroes, ii. 16.
Davis, Henry Winter,
introduces reconstruction bill, ii. 230, 231;
issues address denouncing Lincoln for vetoing bill, 234;
obliged to support Lincoln rather than McClellan, 265.
Davis, Jefferson,
advocates extension of Missouri Compromise in 1850, i. [89], [90];
sneers at attempted compromise in 1861, [204];
elected President of Confederate States, [205];
hopes to entrap Seward into debate with commissioners, [238];
urged by South to do something, [241], [242];
prefers to make North aggressor, [242];
tries to win over Kentucky, [266], [268];
offers to issue "letters of marque and reprisal," [282];
when secretary of war, sent McClellan to Europe, [303];
sends troops to seize East Tennessee, [353];
wishes to free Kentucky, ii. 154;
his escape wished by Lincoln, 238;
replaces Johnston by Hood, 283;
proposition of Blair to, 304;
expresses willingness to treat for peace, 304;
nominates commissioners to treat for peace with independence, 305;
notified by Lee of approaching fall of Richmond, 330;
escapes from city, 334;
makes himself ridiculous and escapes punishment, 340;
suspected of complicity in Booth's plot, 352.
Dawson, ——,
leads Lincoln in vote for legislature in 1834, [42].
Dayton, William L.,
nominated by Republicans in 1856, i. [101];
candidate for nomination in 1860, [167], [169], [170].
Democratic party,
controls Illinois, i. [38], [59]-[61];
wins in 1852, [93];
factions in, [101];
elects Buchanan in 1856, [101], [102];
in. Illinois, nominates Douglas for Senate, [114];
torn with factions, [116];
breaks up in 1860 into Northern and Southern wings, [163]-[165];
nominates two sets of candidates, [164];
campaign of, in 1860, [174];
attempts to reunite, [175];
in North, members of, become Union men, [226];
effort of Lincoln to placate, by giving recognition in cabinet, [235];
Copperhead and other factions of, ii. 95-97;
"War Democrats," 97;
makes campaign in 1862 on opposition to anti-slavery legislation, 121-123;
gains in Congressional elections, 124, 125;
wishes Lincoln to compromise, 152;
denounces seizure of Vallandigham, 186;
agitates against military tyranny, 188;
commits error in opposing war, 192;
loses ground in 1863, 201;
applauds Fremont's candidacy, 258;
hopes for success in 1864, 264;
denounces war as failure and nominates McClellan, 264, 265;
war faction of, hesitates to vote for Lincoln, on slavery grounds, 270;
divided over peace plank, 274, 275;
damaged by Federal military successes, 285, 286;
hurt by Southern approval, 286, 287;
defeated in election, 291;
members of, in Congress, aid in passage of thirteenth amendment, 325, 326.
Dennison, William,
succeeds Blair as postmaster-general, ii. 288.
Dickinson, Daniel S.,
candidate for vice-presidential nomination, ii. 264.
Diplomatic history,
Seward's proposed foreign wars to prevent disunion, i. [276]-[278];
recognition of Southern belligerency by England and France, [371], [372];
instructions of Seward to Adams, [373]-[375];
difficulties over English privateers, [376];
message of Lincoln on foreign relations, [377], [378];
the Trent affair, [380]-[387];
the Oreto affair, ii. 171;
the Alabama affair, 172.
District of Columbia,
bill to emancipate slaves in, advocated by Lincoln, i. [80], [81];
slave trade in, abolished, [91];
abolition in, favored by Lincoln, [133];
emancipation in, carried, ii. 11, 12.
Dix, John A.,
on possible secession of New York, i. [197];
appointed to Treasury Department, [200], [201];
his order to protect American flag, [201].
Dixon, Archibald,
offers amendment repealing Missouri Compromise, i. [94].
Donelson, Andrew J.,
nominated for presidency by Whigs and Know-Nothings, i. [100].
Donelson, Fort,
Doolittle, James R.,
in Senate in 1861, i. [297].
Doubleday, General Abner,
on Hooker's plan in Chancellorsville campaign, ii. 140.
Douglas, Stephen A.,
meets Lincoln in 1835, i. [43];
encounters him in campaign of 1840, [61];
Lincoln's rival in love affair, [63];
his position at Illinois bar, [68];
charges Lincoln with lacking patriotism in opposing Mexican war, [77];
introduces Kansas-Nebraska Bill, [94];
mobbed in Chicago, [95];
debates with Lincoln in campaign of 1854, [95], [96];
proposes a truce, [96];
candidate for Democratic nomination in 1856, [101];
opposes Lecompton Constitution, [106];
leading figure in public life, [106];
his character and ability, [106];
his doctrine of "popular sovereignty," [107];
avoids consequences of Dred Scott decision, [107];
defies Buchanan, [108];
his conduct in Lecompton case dictated by desire to secure reëlection to Senate, [108];
attacks "English Bill" as unfair, [109];
his candidacy for reëlection gives Lincoln opportunity, [113];
renominated by Democrats, [114];
denounced by South, [116];
opposed by administration, [116];
accepts Lincoln's challenge to joint debates, [121];
his attacks upon Lincoln, [124], [130];
accused by Lincoln of a plot to make slavery national, [126], [128];
denies any plot, [129];
on status of negro under Declaration of Independence, [131];
sneered at by Lincoln, [137];
keeps temper with difficulty, [137];
attempts to reconcile Dred Scott decision with popular sovereignty, [141];
fails to satisfy South, [142];
cornered by Lincoln, [143];
gains reëlection, [149];
on difficulty of debating with Lincoln, [150];
speaks in Ohio, [151];
in debate ignores secession, [157];
nominated by Democrats in 1860, [163], [164];
reasons why repudiated by South, [164], [165];
his vigorous canvass in 1860, [174], [175];
vote for, [178];
offers to aid Lincoln after fall of Sumter, [251];
value of his assistance, [251].
Dred Scott case,
equivocal attitude of Douglas toward, [107];
discussed by Lincoln, [126], [127], [128]-[130], [141]-[143], [153].
Duane, Captain,
escorts Lincoln at inauguration, i. [220].
Early, General Jubal A.,
tries to capture Washington, ii. 281;
repulsed, 282;
retreats, 283;
defeated by Sheridan, 284, 285.
East,
ignorant of Lincoln, i. [113], [173];
led to respect Lincoln by his speeches, [152], [155].
Edwards, Ninian W.,
in frontier political debates, i. [51];
member of Illinois bar, [68].
Emancipation,
Lincoln's plan for, in 1849, i. [80];
compensation for, wished by Lincoln, [133];
again proposed by Lincoln with compensation and colonization, ii. 10, 20-22, 24-27;
discussion of Lincoln's proposal, 28-30;
demanded instantly by Abolitionists, 99;
question of its constitutionality, 100, 101, 111;
opposition to, in North, 103;
demanded by clergymen, 110;
gradual decision of Lincoln to proclaim, 112-115;
reasons for caution in issuing proclamation, 114;
delay urged by Seward, 115;
preliminary declaration of, after battle of Antietam, 116, 117;
not influenced by Altoona conference, 117, 118;
its effect upon North, 119-121;
urged again, with compensation, by Lincoln, 126-129;
repudiated by Missouri, 129, 130;
final proclamation of, issued, 130;
condemned by rulers of England, though approved by people, 132;
renewed scheme of Lincoln to gain, by compensation, 309, 310.
England,
ignorance of, in West, i. [368];
its aid hoped by South, [369];
its sympathy expected by North, [369];
its upper classes dislike America, [370];
rejoices in anticipated destruction of United States, [370], [371];
recognizes belligerency of South, [372];
attitude of Seward toward, [373]-[375];
later dealings with, [376];
acquiesces in blockade, [376];
enraged at Trent affair, [382];
demands reparation, [383];
admitted by Lincoln to be in the right, [384];
reply of Seward, [384], [385];
Northern hatred of, [385], [386];
wisdom of Lincoln's attitude toward, [386], [387];
people of, gratified by emancipation proclamation, ii. 132;
fails to detain Oreto and Alabama, 172, 173;
subscribes to Confederate loan, 172, 173.
English, James E.,
in House in 1861, i. [297];
votes for thirteenth amendment, ii. 326.
Ericsson, John,
designs the Monitor, i. [356].
Evarts, William M.,
moves to make Lincoln's nomination unanimous, i. [171].
Everett, Edward,
nominated for Vice-President by Constitutional Union party, i. [166];
delivers oration at Gettysburg, ii. 213, 214.
Ewell, General R.S.,
enters Shenandoah Valley, ii. 143;
enters Pennsylvania, 144.
Ewing, ——,
defeats Lincoln for speakership in Illinois legislature, i. [60].
Farragut, Captain D.G.,
takes New Orleans, i. [358];
his campaign on Mississippi, [358], [359];
takes Mobile, ii. 284.
Fell, J.W.,
asks Lincoln concerning his ancestry, i. [1];
urges Lincoln to seek presidential nomination, [161].
Felton, Samuel M.,
fears plot to assassinate Lincoln, i. [212];
has wires cut to avoid sending news, [214].
Fenton, Reuben E.,
in House in 1861, i. [297].
Fessenden, William P.,
in Senate in 1861, i. [296];
reluctantly accepts Treasury Department, ii. 253;
his success, 254.
Fillmore, Millard,
nominated for presidency by Know-Nothings and Whigs in 1856, i. [101].
Financial history,
Chase's conduct of Treasury, ii. 170, 171.
Five Forks,
battle of, ii. 333.
Florida,
ready to secede in 1860, i. [183];
secedes, [186].
Florida,
Confederate privateer, ii. 171, 172.
Floyd, John B.,
in Buchanan's cabinet, i. [187];
wishes secession delayed, [198];
sends arms into South, [199];
involved in defalcation, [199];
quarrels on question of reinforcing Sumter and resigns, [199];
runs away from Fort Donelson, [354].
Foote, Admiral Andrew H.,
his operations in 1862, i. [333];
captures Fort Henry, [354].
Ford, Governor,
remark on Lincoln's political luck, i. [54].
Forney, John W.,
on Republican Convention of 1864, ii. 262.
Forquer, George,
taunts Lincoln with youth, i. [51], [52];
retort of Lincoln to, [52].
Fox, G.V.,
his plan to relieve Fort Sumter, i. [245], [247].
Franklin, General William B.,
summoned by Lincoln to consultation, i. [323];
does not tell McClellan, [324];
favors McClellan's plan of attack, [330], [336];
his division sent to McClellan, but not used, ii. 47;
his force occupies West Point, 48.
Fremont, Mrs. Jessie Benton,
her interview with Lincoln, i. [350].
Fremont, John C.,
nominated for presidency by Republicans, i. [101];
appointed to command in Missouri, [349];
his quarrelsomeness and inefficiency, [349], [350];
arrests Blair, [350];
the idol of Abolitionists, [350];
removed, [350];
declares slaves of rebels free in Missouri, ii. 6;
asked by Lincoln to modify order, 6;
refuses, and becomes enemy of Lincoln, 7;
reinforced by Lincoln under political pressure, 35;
commands force in West Virginia, 54;
ordered to catch Jackson, 55;
fails, 56;
resigns, 74;
upheld by Lincoln's enemies in Missouri, as rival for presidency, 255;
nominated for presidency, 258;
failure of his candidacy, 258;
withdraws, 259;
his followers hate Blair, 287.
France,
recognizes belligerency of South, i. [371], [372];
would have joined England in case of war, [385];
proposes mediation, ii. 173.
Fredericksburg,
battle of, ii. 137.
Free Soil party,
origin of, i. [86].
Fugitive Slave Law,
passed, i. [91];
Lincoln's opinion of, [132].
Garrison, William Lloyd,
disapproves of Republican party, i. [177];
supports Lincoln in 1864, ii. 256.
Georgia,
not ready for secession, i. [182];
wishes a Southern convention, [183];
how led to secede, [183], [186], [187];
Union minority in, [186].
Gettysburg,
battle of, ii. 147, 148;
Lincoln's address at, 213-215.
Giddings, Joshua R.,
favors Lincoln's emancipation bill in 1849, i. [80];
member of Republican Convention of 1860, [177].
Gilmer, John A.,
refuses to enter Lincoln's cabinet, i. [235].
Gist,
governor of South Carolina, sends circular letter asking about secession feeling in South, i. [182].
Grant, Ulysses S.,
his operations in 1862, i. [333];
captures Forts Henry and Donelson, [354], [355];
recommended by Halleck for promotion, [355];
condemned by Halleck and relieved from command, [360];
reinstated, [360];
advances to Pittsburg Landing, [361];
attacked by Johnston, [361];
does not admit defeat at Shiloh, [361];
on severity of battle, [362];
his conduct of battle criticised, [362];
harassed by Halleck, asks to be relieved, [363];
on Halleck's mistakes, [363], [364];
on Copperheads, ii. 96;
forms plan to take Vicksburg, 157;
tries to approach city from south, 158, 159;
besieges and takes Vicksburg, 159, 160;
his credit for campaign, 160;
his relations with Lincoln, 160, 161;
accused of drunkenness, 161;
congratulated by Lincoln, 161, 162;
given command of the West, 165;
orders Thomas to hold Chattanooga, 165;
relieves siege, 166;
wins battle of Chattanooga, 166, 167;
sends Sherman to relieve Burnside, 167;
on reconstruction, 229, 230;
his conference with Lincoln, 237;
movement to nominate for President in 1864, 259, 263;
appointed lieutenant-general, 276, 277;
given free control, 277;
prepares plan of campaign, 277;
correspondence with Lincoln, 278;
his campaigns in Virginia, 279, 280;
sends force to hold Washington against Early, 282;
sends Sheridan against Early, 284;
character of his military methods, 300;
reports proposal of Lee for a conference, 329;
ordered by Lincoln to refuse, 329;
on desertions from Lee's army, 330;
his plan to entrap Lee's army, 330, 331;
wishes to capture Lee without Sherman's aid, 333;
enters Petersburg, 334;
pursues Lee, 336-338;
urges Lee to surrender, 337;
his liberal terms to Lee, 338;
praised by Lincoln, 340;
unable to accept Lincoln's invitation to theatre the evening of his assassination, 345.
Greeley, Horace,
prefers Douglas to Lincoln in 1858, i. [112];
in convention of 1860, works against Seward, [167], [172];
his influence used against Lincoln, [191];
willing to admit peaceable secession, [191]-[193];
on comparative strength of North and South, [206];
suddenly denounces compromise, [210];
a secessionist in 1861, [231];
publishes address to President, ii. 105;
his influence, 106;
answered by Lincoln, 107, 108;
his abusive retort, 108, 109;
suggests French mediation, 174;
condemns Lincoln in 1864, 260;
on movement to delay nomination, 261;
his political creed, 266;
claims to be a Republican while denouncing Lincoln, 266;
favors Fremont, 267;
wishes peace at any price, 267;
wishes to treat with Confederates, 268;
authorized to do so by Lincoln, 268;
conditions named by Lincoln, 269;
abuses Lincoln for causing failure of negotiations, 269.
Green, Duff,
tries to induce Lincoln to support Buchanan, i. [210].
Greene, Bolin,
lends Lincoln money, i. [42].
Grimes, James W.,
in Senate in 1861, i. [296].
Grow, Galusha A.,
speaker of House in 1861, i. [297].
Habeas Corpus,
suspension of, by Lincoln, i. [286]-[291].
Hale, John P.,
sums up Buchanan's secession doctrine, i. [190];
in Senate in 1861, [296];
denounces administration in Trent affair, [386].
Halleck, General Henry W.,
letter of Lincoln to, on plan of war, i. [329];
commands in Missouri, [351];
sends news of capture of Fort Donelson and asks for command in West, [355];
assumes command, [359];
complains of Grant, [360];
drives Grant to request to be relieved, [363];
his slow advance upon Corinth, [363];
refuses to fight, [364];
enters Corinth unopposed, [364];
fails to use powerful army, [364];
appointed general-in-chief, 365, ii. 65;
compared with McClellan, i. 365;
gains advancement because unopposed and unnoticed by politicians, 366;
expels slaves from camp, ii. 8;
favors recall of McClellan from Peninsula, 65, 66;
allowed free hand by Lincoln, 73;
inferior to McClellan, 74;
his telegraphic dispute with McClellan, 78, 79;
begs McClellan's assistance after Pope's defeat, 80;
instructs McClellan to command defences of Washington, 83;
alarmed over safety of capital, 84;
has friction with Hooker, 145;
refuses to give Hooker garrison of Harper's Ferry, 146;
urges Meade to attack after Gettysburg, 149;
wishes Buell and Rosecrans
to invade Tennessee, 155;
superseded by Grant, 276;
on bad terms with Blair, 287, 288.
Hamlin, Hannibal,
nominated for Vice-President, i. [171];
reasons why not renominated, ii. 263.
Hanks, John,
aids Lincoln to split rails, i. [16];
on Lincoln's first sight of slavery, [17];
brings rails split by Lincoln into Republican Convention, [162].
Hanks, Nancy,
mother of Lincoln, i. [2];
descends from a "poor white" family, [7];
marries Thomas Lincoln, [8];
her death, [11].
Hardin, Colonel John J.,
defeats Lincoln and Baker for Congress, i. [71];
defeated by Lincoln, [73].
Harlan, James,
in Senate in 1861, i. [296].
Harrison, W.H.,
campaign for, in 1840, i. [61].
Hawkins, George S.,
opposes compromise in 1861 as futile, i. [204].
Hayti,
recognized, ii. 18.
Heintzelman, General Samuel P.,
opposes McClellan's plan of campaign, i. [336];
appointed corps commander, [344];
on force necessary to protect Washington, ii. 32.
Henderson, John B.,
approves Lincoln's emancipation scheme, ii. 27.
Henry, Fort,
captured, i. [354].
Herndon, William H.,
law partner of Lincoln, i. [67];
prevents Lincoln from association with Abolitionists, [95], [96];
aids Lincoln in organizing Republican party, [111];
visits East to counteract Greeley's influence against Lincoln, [113].
Herold, David E.,
tried for assassination of Lincoln, ii. 350-352;
hanged, 352.
Hickman, John,
calls Lincoln's emancipation scheme unmanly, ii. 23.
Hicks, Governor Thomas H.,
opposed to secession, i. [258];
suggests referring troubles to Lord Lyons as arbitrator, [281].
"Higher Law,"
Seward's doctrine of, i. [90].
Hitchcock, General Ethan A.,
considers Washington insufficiently protected, ii. 40.
Holt, Joseph,
succeeds Floyd in Buchanan's cabinet, i. [199];
joins Black and Stanton in coercing Buchanan, [200];
fears attempt of South to seize Washington, [209].
Hood, General John Bell,
succeeds Johnston, ii. 283;
defeated by Sherman, 283.
Hooker, General Joseph,
allows slave owners to reclaim fugitives, ii. 8;
replaces Burnside in command, 138;
letter of Lincoln to, 139, 140;
his abilities, 140;
in Chancellorsville campaign, 140-142;
throws away chance of success, 141;
fails to use all of troops, 142;
orders retreat, 142;
wishes to resume attack, 143;
first prevented, then urged by Lincoln, 143, 144;
wishes to capture Richmond, 144;
follows Lee to North, 145;
instructed by Lincoln to obey Halleck, 145, 146;
irritated by Halleck, resigns, 146;
sent to aid Rosecrans, 165;
storms Lookout Mountain, 166, 167.
House of Representatives,
election of Lincoln to, and career in, i. [73]-[81];
members of, [74];
debates Mexican war, [74], [75];
struggles in, over Wilmot proviso, [79];
refuses to pass Lincoln's emancipation bill of 1849, [79]-[81];
settles question of admission of Kansas, [109];
proposes Constitutional amendment in 1861, [202];
rejects plan of Peace Congress, [203];
leaders of, in 1861, [297];
thanks Captain Wilkes, [381];
approves emancipation proclamation, ii. 120;
fails to pass thirteenth amendment, 318;
later passes amendment, 325-327.
Houston, Samuel,
opposes secession in Texas, i. [187].
Hunter, General David,
asked by Lincoln to aid Fremont, i. [349];
succeeds Fremont, [351];
proclaims martial law and abolishes slavery in Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina, ii. 7;
his order revoked, 7;
organizes a negro regiment, 15.
Hunter, R.M.T.,
on Confederate peace commission, ii. 305;
retort of Lincoln to, 307.
Hyer, Tom,
hired by Seward's supporters in Republican Convention, i. [167].
Illinois,
early settlers and society of, i. [17]-[30];
in Black Hawk war, [35], [36];
early politics in, [37]-[39], [50], [59], [60];
land speculation in, [41], [42], [53];
career of Lincoln in legislature of, [43]-[60];
the career of "Long Nine" in, [52]-[55];
internal improvement craze in, [53], [54];
adopts resolutions condemning Abolitionists and emancipation in the District, [55];
suffers from financial collapse, [59], [60];
carried by Van Buren against Harrison, [61];
legal profession in, [67], [68];
carried by Democrats in 1844, [71];
upholds Mexican war, [77];
denounces Kansas-Nebraska Act, [95];
senatorial election of 1855 in, [96]-[98];
popular feeling in, concerning Kansas, [108];
in campaign of 1856, [112];
political situation in, during 1858, [113]-[116];
prestige of Douglas in, [116], [117];
senatorial campaign in, [121]-[150];
carried by Douglas, [149];
movement in, to nominate Lincoln for President, [161], [162];
carried by Democrats in 1862, ii. 124.
Indiana,
carried by Democrats in 1862, ii. 124;
Copperheads in, 183, 184.
Internal improvements,
craze over, in Western States, i. [53].
Iverson, Alfred,
works in Georgia for secession, i. [186];
threatens Houston with assassination, [187];
wishes to keep Washington as capital of Confederacy, [209].
Jackson, Andrew,
popularity of, in Illinois, i. [38];
attitude of Lincoln toward, [38].
Jackson, Thomas Jonathan, "Stonewall,"
commands at Harper's Ferry, i. [299];
in Shenandoah valley, ii. 53;
his raid down valley in 1862, 54;
escapes pursuing forces, 56;
joins Johnston and attacks McClellan, 58;
compels McClellan to retreat to James River, 61;
defeats Banks, 76;
reinforced, 76;
marches around Pope, 76;
on too good condition of Federal armies, 87;
breaks Federal right at Chancellorsville, 141;
accidentally shot by his own soldiers, 141.
Johnson, Andrew,
in Congress with Lincoln, i. [74];
in Senate in 1861, [297];
instructed by Lincoln to reorganize government in Tennessee, ii. 219;
stern opinion of treason, 229;
repudiates Sherman's terms with Johnston, 239;
his nomination for vice-presidency aided by Lincoln, 263, 264;
protested against, by Tennesseeans, 295;
his accession to presidency welcomed by radicals, 349;
refuses to commute Mrs. Surratt's sentence, 352.
Johnson, Bushrod R.,
captured at Fort Donelson, i. [355].
Johnson, Herschel V.,
nominated for Vice-President in 1860, i. [164];
votes against secession in 1860, [187].
Johnson, Oliver,
supports Lincoln in 1864, ii. 256.
Johnston, General A.S.,
plans to crush Grant and Buell in detail, i. [361];
commands at battle of Shiloh, [361];
killed, [362].
Johnston, Joseph
succeeds Jackson at Harper's Ferry, i. [299];
aids Beauregard at Bull Run, [301];
on condition of Confederate army, [302];
evacuates Manassas, [341];
fears that McClellan will storm Yorktown, ii. 38;
begins attack on McClellan, 58;
retreats from Sherman after Vicksburg, 162;
terms of Sherman with, in 1865, 238, 239, 240;
campaign against Sherman in 1864, 283;
removed by Davis, 283;
campaign against Sherman in Carolinas, 331;
plan of Lee to join, 331;
surrenders, 340.
Johnston, Sally,
marries Thomas Lincoln, i. [11];
Jones, Abraham,
ancestor of Lincoln, i. [4].
Judd, N.B.,
asked by Lincoln to help his canvass in 1860, i. [162];
urges Lincoln to avoid danger of assassination, [213].
Julian, George W.,
in House in 1861, i. [297];
on Republican dissatisfaction with Lincoln, ii. 104, 105, 246.
Kane, Marshal Geo. P.,
telegraphs for Southern aid to oppose passage of troops through Baltimore, i. [258].
Kansas,
struggle in, between free and slave-state men, i. [98], [99];
rival constitutions of, [104], [105];
admission of, under Lecompton Constitution, urged by Buchanan, [105];
opposed by Douglas, [101], [108];
attempt of Congress to bribe into acceptance of Lecompton Constitution, [109];
rejects offer, [109];
speeches of Lincoln in, [152].
Kansas-Nebraska bill,
repeals Missouri Compromise, [94], [95].
Keitt, Lawrence M.,
his fight with Grow, i. [297].
Kellogg, Win. Pitt,
letter of Lincoln to, on extension of slavery, i. [210].
Kentucky,
desire of Lincoln to retain in Union, i. [255], [265];
refuses to furnish troops, [255];
attempt of Secessionists to carry, [265];
wishes to be neutral, [266];
thereby intends to aid South, [266];
skillful dealings of Lincoln with, [266], [267], [268];
remains in Union, [267];
saved by State loyalty, [268];
its neutrality violated by South, joins North, [352];
campaign of Grant in, [354], [355];
invaded by Bragg, ii. 154.
Keyes, General Erasmus D.,
favors McClellan's plan of campaign, i. [336];
appointed corps commander, [344];
on force necessary to protect Washington, ii. 32;
on impossibility of taking Yorktown, 38.
Know-Nothings,
their career in 1854-1856, i. [100], [101];
attempt to draw out Lincoln in 1860, [175].
Lamon, Colonel Ward H.,
connection with assassination story, i. [213], [214].
Lane, James H.,
senator from Kansas, i. [297].
Lane, Joseph,
nominated for Vice-President on Breckinridge ticket in 1860, i. [164].
Lee, Robert E.,
offered command of Union army, i. [263];
opposes secession, [264];
resigns from army and accepts command of State troops, [264];
becomes Confederate general, [264];
commands against Pope, ii. 76;
prepares to invade Maryland, 84;
his contempt for McClellan, 84;
at Antietam, 85-87;
at Fredericksburg, 136, 137;
outmanoeuvred by Hooker, 141;
at Chancellorsville, 141, 142;
hopes to conquer a peace, 143;
enters Pennsylvania, 145;
retreats after Gettysburg, 148;
sends reinforcements to Bragg, 163;
campaign in Virginia against Meade, 168, 169;
his campaign against Grant, 279, 280;
suggests a conference with Grant, 329;
notifies Davis that Richmond must fall, 330, 333;
his chance of escape, 331;
attacks Federal lines, 332;
tries to escape, 336, 337;
surrenders at Appomattox, 338, 339;
asks for food, 339.
Liberia,
recognized, ii. 18.
Lincoln, Abraham,
his ignorance concerning his ancestry i. [1];
sensitive regarding it, [1], [2];
anxious to appear of respectable stock, [2];
his genealogy as established later, [3]-[6];
his reputed illegitimacy, [7];
his birth, [8];
his references to his mother, [8];
befriended by his step-mother, [12];
his education, [12];
early attempts at humorous writing, [13];
storytelling, [14];
youthful exploits, [14];
let out by his father, [15];
helps his father settle in Sangamon County, Ill., [16];
works for himself, [16];
his trip to New Orleans for Offut, [16], [17];
impressed with slavery, [17];
in Offut's store, [18];
later friendship with Armstrong, [19];
borrows a grammar, [19];
loses situation, [20];
involved in border quarrels, [24];
his temperance considered eccentric, [25];
careless habits of dress, [26];
in the country groceries, [28];
coarseness of speech, [28], [29];
his sympathetic understanding of the people, [31]-[34];
his standards dependent on surroundings, [32];
enlists in Black Hawk war, [35];
chosen captain, [35];
his services, [36].
Frontier Politician.
Announces himself a candidate for the legislature, [37], [38];
a "Clay man," [38];
his campaign and defeat, [39];
enters grocery store, fails, [39], [40];
pays off debt, [40];
studies law, [40];
postmaster at New Salem, [40], [41];
settles account with government, [41];
elected to legislature, [42];
borrows money to ride to capital, [43];
his career in legislature, [43];
love affair with Ann Rutledge, [43], [44];
its inexplicable character, [46], [47];
affair with Mary Owens, [48] and n.;
again a candidate, his platform, [49], [50];
calms excitement in campaign, [50], [51];
his fairness, [51];
his retort to Forquer, [52];
elected as one of "Long Nine," [52];
favors unlimited internal improvements, [53];
acknowledges his blunder, [54];
his skill as log-roller, [54], [55];
gains popularity in county, [55];
protests against anti-abolition resolutions, [56];
admitted to bar, settles in Springfield, [56];
partnership with Stuart, [57];
studies debating, [57];
political ambitions, [57], [58];
shows evidences of high ideals, [58], [59];
incidents of his canvass in 1838, [59];
opposes repudiation, in legislature, [59], [60];
reflected in 1840, unsuccessful candidate for speaker, [60];
jumps out of window to break a quorum, [60];
in campaign of 1840, [61];
his courtship of Mary Todd, [62], [63];
fails to appear on wedding day, [63];
married, [63];
character of his married life, [64], [65];
quarrels with Shields, [65], [66];
later ashamed of it, [66];
improves prospects by a partnership with Logan, [67];
later joins with Herndon, [67];
his competitors at the bar, [68];
considers law secondary to politics, [68];
a "case lawyer," [68];
his ability as jury lawyer, [69];
refuses to conduct a bad case, [70];
on Whig electoral ticket in 1844, [71];
later disillusioned with Clay, [71];
fails to get nomination to Congress, [71];
alleged understanding with Baker and others, [72];
renews candidacy in 1846, [72];
nominated, [73];
elected, his vote, [73].
In Congress.
Agrees with Whig programme on Mexican war, [75];
introduces "Spot Resolutions" against Polk, [75];
his speech, [76];
his doctrine of right of revolution, [76], [77];
votes for Ashmun's amendment condemning war, [77];
defends himself from charge of lack of patriotism, [77];
damages Whigs in Illinois, [78];
favors candidacy of Taylor, [78];
his speech in House for Taylor against Cass, [79];
votes for Wilmot Proviso, [79];
his bill to prohibit slave trade in District of Columbia, [79], [80];
obtains support of Giddings, [80];
fails to obtain commissionership in Land Office, [81];
declines governorship of Oregon, [81].
Candidate for Senate.
Accepts compromise although recognizing its futility, [92];
favors Scott in 1852, [93];
answers Douglas's defense of Nebraska bill, [95];
escapes connection with Abolitionists, [95];
renews attack upon Douglas, [96];
candidate for Senate, [96];
leads in first ballots, [96];
injured by Abolitionist praise, [97];
urges friends to secure election of Trumbull, [97];
his alleged bargain with Trumbull, [98];
receives vote for Vice-President in Republican National Convention, [101];
his surprise, [101];
his opinion of Kansas question, [105];
delivers speech at organization of Republican party, [111];
meets disapproval at Springfield, [111], [112];
in campaign of 1856, [112];
encounters hostility of Greeley in the East, [112];
journey of Herndon in his behalf, [113];
nominated by State Convention for senatorship, [114];
damaged by Whig support of Douglas, [116], [117];
prepares letter of acceptance, [117], [118];
reads paragraph on situation to friends, [118];
alarms advisers by his plainness of utterance, [119];
insists on asserting the irrepressible conflict, [119];
statesmanship of his course, [120];
challenges Douglas to joint debate, [121];
misrepresentations of his position on slavery, [122]-[124];
his appeal to "the fathers," [124], [125];
his accusation against the South, [125]-[128];
his crucial question to Douglas, [128];
Douglas's reply, [128], [129];
his position on Dred Scott decision, [129], [130];
accused of duplicity, [130];
his views as to slavery under the Constitution considered, [131]-[136];
on Abolitionists, [134], [135];
on negro race, [136];
his freedom from animosity toward opponents or slaveholders, [137]-[139];
does not denounce slaveholders, [138];
his fairness a mental trait, [139], [140];
on popular sovereignty, [141];
convicts Douglas of ambiguity, [142];
alleged purpose to discredit Douglas as presidential candidate, [143], [144];
feels himself upholder of a great cause, [144]-[146];
his moral denunciation of slavery, [145], [146];
his literary form, [147];
elevation of tone, [147], [148];
disappointed at defeat by Douglas, [149];
exhausted by his efforts, [150];
asked to contribute to campaign fund, [150].
Candidate for Presidency.
Makes speeches in Ohio, [151];
calls Douglas pro-slavery, [151], [152];
invited to speak in New York, prepares address, [152];
journey through Kansas, [152], [153];
his New York address, [153]-[155];
states the situation, [154], [155];
praised by newspapers, [155];
tour in New England, [155];
comprehensive nature of his speeches, [156], [157];
ignores disunion, [157];
by dwelling on wrong of slavery, makes disunion wrong, [159], [160];
slow to admit publicly a desire for presidency, [161];
enters field in 1859, [160];
nominated as candidate by Illinois Republican Convention, [162];
his managers at National Convention, [167];
yelled for by hired shouters, [168];
supposed to be more moderate than Seward, [168];
his own statement of principles, [169];
votes secured for, by bargains, [169], [170];
nominated on third ballot, [170], [171];
accepts nomination in dejection, [171];
his nomination a result of "availability," [172];
little known in country at large, [173];
anxious to avoid discussion of side issues, [175], [176];
opposed by Abolitionists, [176], [177];
supported by Giddings, [177];
elected, [178];
the choice of a minority, [178], [179].
President-elect.
His trying position during interregnum, [181];
his election the signal for secession, [184];
damaged by persistent opposition of New York "Tribune," [191];
his opinion of the proposed constitutional amendment to guarantee slavery, [202];
declared elected by electoral count, [208];
alleged plot to assassinate, [208], [210];
maintains silence during winter, [209], [210];
privately expresses dislike of compromise, [210];
declares against interfering with slavery, [210];
pronounces for coercing seceded States, [211];
his journey to Washington, [211]-[214];
warned of plot against, [212];
speeches in Pennsylvania, [212];
induced to avoid danger, [213], [214];
accused of cowardice, [214];
his own opinion as to plot, [215];
question of his real danger, [215]-[217] and n.;
visited by Peace Congress, [217]-[219];
impresses visitors by his appearance, [219];
states intention to enforce laws, [221];
repeats opposition to extension only of slavery, [222];
his previous denunciations remembered by South, [223], [224];
shows statesmanship in emphasizing Union, [227], [228].
President--First Term.
Appears tranquil after entering office, [228];
not over-confident, but resolved on doing his duty, [230];
disheartened by lack of support at North, [231], [232];
not trusted by leaders of Republican party, [232], [233];
feels isolation, [233], [234];
his cabinet, [234];
seeks representatives of all views, [234], [235];
prefers individual strength to unity in cabinet, [235];
criticised by radical Republicans, [235];
has difficulties in satisfying Cameron, [236];
dissuades Seward from refusing to join cabinet, [237], [238];
his statement of purpose to Virginia commissioners, [240];
annoys South by failing to notice it, [241];
irritates Northern extremists, [242];
asks opinion of Scott as to relieving Sumter, [244];
asks advice of cabinet, [245], [246];
promises South to take no action without warning, [245];
again asks cabinet, [246];
forms plan to relieve Fort Pickens, [247];
spoils plan to relieve Sumter by sending Powhatan to Pensacola, [248];
announces intention to provision Sumter, [248];
admits blame for failure, [249];
question of his fault in delaying to relieve fort, [250];
issues proclamation calling for volunteers for three months, [252], [253];
his purpose, [253];
expects Northerners to equal Southerners as fighters, [253], [254];
calls Congress for special session, [254];
wishes to gain Kentucky, [254], [255];
dreads effect of Baltimore riot on Border States, [258];
offers to send troops around Baltimore, [259];
soothes Maryland, [260];
cut off from North for a week, [261];
tries in vain to prevent Virginia from seceding, [263];
tries to secure Lee, [263];
successful in his policy for retaining Kentucky in Union, [267];
unable to reach North Carolina, Tennessee, or Arkansas, [269];
tries to aid Missouri loyalists, [270];
confident in efficiency of North, [271];
his capacities unknown to people, [273];
question of his "inspiration," [274];
his masterfulness not realized, [274];
question as to his relations with advisers, [275];
obliged to restrain Chase and Seward, [275]-[280];
his relations with Chase, [276];
receives Seward's "Thoughts," [276], [277];
his reply to Seward, [279];
realizes his own responsibility and accepts it, [280], [281];
receives absurd advice, [281], [282];
proclaims blockade of Southern ports, [283];
advised to "close" ports, [284];
sees necessity of admitting war, [285];
decides to act efficiently without regard to Constitution, [285], [286];
instructs Scott to watch Maryland legislature, [286];
issues order to arrest Maryland secessionists, [287];
orders Scott to suspend writ of habeas corpus, [287];
denounced by Taney, [288];
issues proclamation authorizing further suspension, [289];
states his argument to Congress, [289], [290];
calls for more volunteers, [291];
takes pains with message which he sends to Congress, [292];
on neutrality of Kentucky, [292];
on blockade, [293];
appeals for ample means to end war, [296];
appoints McClellan to command Army of Potomac, [303];
avoids connection with Ball's Bluff affair, [309];
appoints McClellan to succeed Scott, [310];
sees that popular demand for action must be followed, [314];
puzzled by McClellan's refusal to move, [316];
forced to bear military responsibility, [318], [319];
his freedom from self-seeking, [320], [321];
urges McClellan to advance, [322], [323];
discouraged by McClellan's illness, consults McDowell and Franklin, [323], [324];
consults McClellan, [325];
exasperates McClellan by his action, [325], [326];
appoints Stanton to succeed Cameron, [326];
his lack of personal feeling against Stanton, [326], [327];
his patience toward Stanton, [328];
his letter to Halleck, [327], [328];
wishes a direct attack, [330];
accused by McClellan's friends of meddling, [331];
decides to force action, [331];
issues General War Order No. [1], [332];
its purpose political rather than military, [332], [333];
orders McClellan to move South, [333];
asks McClellan to justify his plan, [334];
calls council of generals, [335], [336];
accepts McClellan's plan, [337];
insists on preservation of capital, [337];
political reasons for his anxiety to hold Washington, [337]-[339];
reasons why his plan should have been adopted, [339];
never convinced of superiority of McClellan's scheme, [340];
issues General War Order to secure Washington, [341];
unmoved by abuse of McClellan's enemies, [342];
relieves McClellan of general command, [343];
forced by Congress to divide Army of Potomac into corps, [344];
appreciates importance of Western operations, [347];
urges on Western generals, [347];
unable to supply troops, [348];
appoints Fremont to command Department of West, [349];
tries to guide Fremont, [349];
appealed to by Mrs. Fremont, [350];
removes Fremont, his reasons, [350], [351];
sees military importance of Cumberland Gap, [351];
urges construction of a railroad there, [352];
urges Buell on, [352];
annoyed by Buell's refusal to move, [353];
death of his son, [355];
discusses plan to capture New Orleans, [358];
suddenly obliged to consider foreign affairs, [368];
his corrections on Seward's instructions to Adams, [373], [375];
his statement of foreign relations in message of December, 1861, [377], [378];
avoids either timidity or defiance, [379], [380];
objects from beginning to seizure of Mason and Slidell, [382];
proposes to arbitrate the matter, [384];
thinks England's claim just, [384];
wisdom of his course in surrendering the envoys, [385]-[387];
unable to prevent slavery from entering into war, ii. 2;
disapproves of Fremont's order freeing slaves of rebels, 6, 7;
by rescinding it, makes an enemy of Fremont, 7;
revokes order of Hunter freeing slaves, 7;
takes responsibility of matter upon himself, 8;
prevents Cameron from urging arming of negroes, 9;
advises recognition of Hayti and Liberia, 10;
in message suggests compensated emancipation and colonization, 10, 11;
approves bill abolishing slavery, with compensation, in District, 11, 12;
signs bill prohibiting return of fugitive slaves, 13;
signs bill abolishing slavery in United States Territories, 13, 14;
signs bill to emancipate slaves of rebels, 14, 15;
slow to execute bill to enlist slaves, 17;
finally recognizes value of black troops, 17;
his conciliatory policy not followed by Congress, 18;
his reasons for advocating compensated emancipation, 19;
hopes to induce Border States to emancipate voluntarily, 19;
sends special message urging gradual emancipation, 20-22;
practically warns Border State men, 22;
denounced by both sides, 22, 23;
tries in vain to persuade Border State representatives, 24-26;
his plans repudiated, 26, 27;
repeats appeal in proclamation, 27, 28;
his scheme impracticable, but magnanimous, 28, 29;
sees future better than others, 29;
refrains from filling vacancies on Supreme Bench with Northern men, 30;
agrees to McClellan's peninsular campaign, 33;
still worried over safety of capital, 33;
neglects to demand any specific force to protect it, 33, 34;
forced to detach troops from McClellan to reinforce Fremont, 35;
nearly orders McClellan to attack, 37;
his plan better than McClellan's, 38;
orders McDowell to return to Washington, 39;
alarmed at condition of defenses of capital, 40;
question of his error in retaining McDowell, 41-43;
shows apparent vacillation, 42, 43;
explains situation in letter to McClellan, 44-46;
urges him to strike, 46;
annoyed by politicians, 47;
tries to forward troops, 48;
orders McDowell to join McClellan without uncovering capital, 50, 51;
criticised by McClellan, 51;
refuses to let McDowell move in time, 52;
sends McDowell to rescue Banks, 52;
loses his head, 53, 54;
insists on McDowell's movement, 55;
his blunder a fatal one, 56;
not a quick thinker, 57;
ruins McClellan's campaign, 57, 58;
begins to lose patience with McClellan's inaction, 60;
appoints Halleck commander-in-chief, 65;
his constancy in support of McClellan, 66;
does not sacrifice McClellan as scapegoat, 67;
visits Harrison's Landing, 67;
avoids any partisanship in whole affair, 68;
appears better than McClellan in campaign, 69;
yet makes bad blunders, 69, 70;
stands alone in failure, 71;
remains silent, 72;
allows Halleck a free hand, 73;
his reasons for appointing Halleck and Pope, 74, 75;
decides to reappoint McClellan, 81, 82;
shows sound judgment, 82;
places everything in McClellan's hands, 83;
indignant at slight results from Antietam, 85;
urges McClellan to pursue, 86;
his order ignored by McClellan, 87;
writes McClellan a blunt letter insinuating sluggishness or cowardice, 88-91;
replaces McClellan by Burnside, 92;
his extreme reticence as to his motives, 92-94;
attacked by Copperheads, 95;
criticised by defenders of the Constitution, 96, 97;
harassed by extreme Abolitionists, 98, 99;
denounced for not issuing a proclamation of emancipation, 99;
his reasons for refusing, 100-102;
explains his attitude as President toward slavery, 101, 102;
struggles to hold Border States, 103;
general dissatisfaction with, in 1862, 104;
held inefficient by Chase, 104;
and by Congressmen, 104, 105;
but believed in by people, 105;
addressed by Greeley with "Prayer of 20,000,000," 105, 106;
his reply to Greeley, 107, 108;
his reply to Abolitionist clergymen, 110-112;
points out folly of a mere proclamation, 111;
thinks silently for himself under floods of advice, 112, 113;
writes draft of Emancipation Proclamation, 113;
questions expediency of issuing, 114;
reads proclamation to cabinet, 114;
adopts Seward's suggestion to postpone until a victory, 115, 116;
issues preliminary proclamation after Antietam, 116;
takes entire responsibility, 117;
not influenced by meeting of governors, 117, 118;
fails to appease extremists, 119;
supported by party, 120;
thinks an earlier proclamation would not have been sustained, 120;
warned that he will cause loss of fall elections, 123;
always willing to trust people on a moral question, 123, 124;
supported by Border States in election, 125;
renews proposals for compensated emancipation, 126, 127;
favors it as a peaceful measure, 127;
his argument, 127-129;
fails to persuade Missouri to accept plan, 130;
issues definite proclamation, 130, 131;
his remark on signing, 131;
tries to stimulate enlistment of blacks, 132;
threatens retaliation for Southern excesses, 133;
shows signs of care and fatigue, 134;
never asks for sympathy, 135;
slow to displace McClellan until sure of a better man, 135;
doubtful as to Burnside's plan of attack, 136;
refuses to accept Burnside's resignation after Fredericksburg, 138;
declines to ratify Burnside's dismissals, 138;
his letter to Hooker, 139, 140;
suggestions to Hooker after Chancellorsville, 143, 144;
opposes plan to dash at Richmond, 144;
directs Hooker to obey Halleck, 145, 146;
appoints Meade to succeed Hooker, 146, 147;
urges Meade to attack Lee after Gettysburg, 149;
angry at Meade's failure, 150;
his letter to Meade, 150-152;
annoyed by Democratic proposals for peace, 152;
refuses to receive Stephens. 153;
annoyed by inaction of Rosecrans, 156;
urged to remove Grant, 161;
refuses to disturb him, 161;
his letter to Grant after Vicksburg, 161, 162;
wishes Rosecrans to unite with Burnside, 163, 164;
tries to encourage Rosecrans after Chickamauga, 164, 165;
sends aid to Rosecrans, 165;
replaces him by Thomas and puts Grant in command in West, 165;
wishes Meade to attack in Virginia, 168;
refuses to interfere in finances, 170, 171;
his attitude in Alabama affair, 172;
refuses foreign arbitration, 173;
asked by radicals to dismiss Seward, 176, 177;
secures resignations of Chase and Seward, and then urges them to resume duties, 178;
his wisdom in avoiding a rupture, 179, 180;
asks opinion of cabinet on admission of West Virginia, 180;
his reasons for signing bill, 181;
not alarmed by Copperhead societies, 183, 184;
his relation to Vallandigham case, 186, 187;
supports Burnside, 187;
sends Vallandigham within Confederate lines, 187;
replies to addresses condemning martial law, 189-191;
obliged to begin draft, 195;
insists upon its execution, 196, 197;
his letter to Illinois Union Convention, 201-207;
shows necessity of war, 202;
impossibility of compromise, 203;
justifies emancipation, 203-206;
points to successes, 206, 207;
really controls government autocratically, 208, 209;
able to, because supported by people, 208;
gains military experience, 210;
has measure of generals, 211;
henceforward supervises rather than specifically orders, 211;
begged by Chandler to disregard conservatives, 213;
prepares address for Gettysburg, 213, 214;
the address, 214, 215;
his theory of "reconstruction," 216;
recognizes a state government of Virginia, 217;
appoints military governors for conquered States, 217, 218;
urges them to organize state governments, 219;
wishes only Union men to act, 219;
wishes bona fide elections, 220;
instructs new State organizers to recognize emancipation, 221;
fails to prevent quarrels, 221, 222;
issues amnesty proclamation, 222;
proposes reconstruction by one tenth of voters, 223-226;
at first generally applauded, 227;
later opposed by Congress, 227;
on negro suffrage, 230;
doubts power of Congress over slavery in States, 232, 233;
refuses to sign reconstruction bill, 233;
denounced by radicals, 234, 235;
defends his course, 236, 237;
his conference with Sherman, Grant, and Porter, 237;
wishes to let Davis escape, 238;
his authority appealed to by Sherman later, 240, 241;
question of practicability of his plan, 242;
its generosity and humanity, 243, 244.
Reëlection.
Opposition to his reëlection in Republican party, 245, 246;
exasperates Congressmen by his independence, 246, 247;
not disquieted by Chase's candidacy, 248;
desires reëlection, 248, 249;
trusts in popular support, 249;
letter of Pomeroy against, 250;
refuses Chase's resignation, 250, 251;
renominated by Ohio and Rhode Island Republicans, 251;
opposition to, collapses, 252;
relations with Chase strained, 252;
accepts Chase's resignation, 253;
nominates as successor, Tod, who declines, 253;
forces Fessenden to accept Treasury, 253;
angers Missourians by refusing to remove Schofield, 254;
denounced by them and by Phillips, 255;
gradually wins support of Abolitionists, 256, 257;
witty remark on Fremont's nomination, 258;
remark on Grant's candidacy, 259;
generally supported by local party organizations, 260;
the "people's candidate," 261;
refuses to interfere actively to secure renomination, 262;
desires admission of delegates from South, 262;
nominated, 263;
question of his having dictated nomination of Johnson, 263;
accepts nomination, 264;
feels need of some military success, 265;
assailed by Greeley, 266;
embarrassed by Greeley's dealings with Confederate emissaries, 268;
authorizes Greeley to confer, 269;
charged by Greeley with failure, 269;
asked if he intends to insist on abolition, 271;
for political reasons, does not reply, 271, 272;
renews call for soldiers, 274;
waits for military success, 275;
appoints Grant lieutenant-general, 276;
agrees not to interfere with Grant, 277;
wishes Grant success, 278;
astonished by a civil reply, 278;
under fire during Early's attack on Washington, 282;
discredited by fact of Washington's being still in danger, 283;
thanks Sherman for victory of Atlanta, 283;
rewards Sheridan for defeating Early, 285;
his election secured by these successes, 286;
urged by radicals to remove Blair, 287;
refuses at first, later does so, 288;
refuses to interfere in campaign, 289;
refuses to postpone call for more troops, 289;
refutes campaign slanders, 290;
prepares for defeat, 291;
re-elected easily, 291, 292;
his remarks on election, 292-294;
refuses to intervene to secure counting of electoral
votes of Border States, 295;
signs bill rejecting elections in Southern States,
his reasons, 296, 297;
shows magnanimity in appointing Chase chief justice, 298, 299;
refuses to try to hasten matters, 301;
refuses to negotiate with Davis, 302, 303;
permits Blair to see Davis, 304;
sends Seward to confer with Southern peace commissioners, 306;
later himself confers with them, 306, 307;
insists on complete submission, 306;
other positions, 307, 308;
recognizes decline of Confederacy, 308;
wishes to hasten peace by offer of money compensation and
an amnesty proclamation, 309;
his scheme disapproved by cabinet, 310;
his second inaugural address, 311-314.
Second Term.
Possibly thinks Emancipation Proclamation unconstitutional, 315;
on its practical results, 316;
unable to touch institution of slavery, 316;
wishes a constitutional amendment, 317;
wishes it mentioned in Republican platform, 319;
on impossibility of renewing slavery, 320;
led to make war on slavery by situation, 321;
sees necessity of its abolition to secure results of war, 322;
unable to treat with seceded States, 322, 323;
renews appeal for Constitutional amendment in 1864, 324;
exerts influence with Congressmen, 325;
congratulates crowd on passage of amendment, 326;
his responsibility in last weeks of war, 328;
forbids Grant to treat with Lee on political matters, 329;
conference with Grant, Sherman, and Porter, 332;
enters Petersburg, 334;
visits Richmond, 335;
speech on returning to White House, 340, 341;
his disgust with office-seekers, 341;
superstitious concerning assassination, 341, 342;
receives threats, but ignores them, 343;
persuaded to accept a guard, 343;
his remarks, 343, 344;
refuses to consider Americans as his enemies, 344, 345;
visits theatre, is assassinated, 345-347;
effect of his death upon history, 353, 354;
general view of his character, 354-357.
Personal Characteristics.
General view, ii. 353-357;
unfriendly views, i. [127], [218], ii. 104, 234, 235, 246, 255;
abstemiousness, i. [25];
ambition, i. [36], [37], [57], [72], [78], ii. 248;
business inefficiency, i. [40], ii. 28;
coarseness, i. [13], [28], [33], [48];
coolness, i. [237], [259], [375], ii. 248, 259;
courage, i. [119], [120], [212], [214], [274], ii. 54, 164, 274, 289, 335, 341-344;
development through life, i. [131]-[134];
education, i. [12], [13], [19], [40];
eloquence, i. [57], [61], [76], [147]-[149], [221], ii. 219, 313;
far-sightedness, i. [120], [144], [159], [176], [226], [274], ii. 29;
honesty, i. [9], [19], [20], [40], [51], [69], [70], [139], [140], [230], [249], ii. 262;
humor, i. [13], [14], [28], [149], ii. 179, 258, 260;
kindliness, i. [14], ii. 28, 133, 146, 184, 243;
loyalty, i. [314], [342], ii. 66, 161, 288;
magnanimity, i. [51], [139], [154], [155], [237], [320], [327], [350], ii. 7, 30, 60, 62, 81, 94, 184, 238, 250, 298, 299, 344;
masterfulness, i. [274], [279], [329], ii. 66, 114, 208, 226, 247;
melancholy, i. [44], [45], [63], [171], [229], ii. 134;
military ability, i. [250], [337], ii. 54, 56-58, 69, 70, 144, 210;
modesty, i. [101], [161], [329], ii. 146, 161, 162, 292;
patience, i. [240], [242], [267], [274], [328], [349], ii. 61, 66, 87, 138, 152, 156, 252;
physical strength, i. [14], [18];
popular insight, i. [31]-[34], [232], [271], [314], [332], ii. 2, 29, 123, 249;
reticence, i. [246];
ii. 60, 71, 72, 81, 92, 93, 112, 135;
shrewdness, i. [210], [226]-[228], [253], [267], ii. 82, 124, 139, 140, 153, 177, 178, 187, 268, 279;
superstition, ii. 52, 118, 342, 345;
tenacity, i. [219], [229], [246], [259], ii. 55, 114, 208, 236;
unselfishness, i. [320], [321], [326], ii. 278;
women, relations with, i. [43], [48], [62]-[65].
Political Opinions.
Border State policy, i. [267], [292], [352], ii. 19, 21, 24-26, 103, 125, 129, 130;
Compromise of 1850, i. [92];
Constitution, i. [132], [133], [176], [221], [287], ii. 109, 111, 113, 181, 232, 315;
Copperheads, ii. 184, 187-191;
disunion, i. [151], [211], [221], [293]-[295], ii. 10, 107, 108, 233;
draft, ii. 196;
Dred Scott case, i. [127], [128], [129], [141]-[143];
emancipation, i. [80], [139], ii. 7, 11, 20-22, 24-26, 27-29, 110-119, 126-131, 204-206, 224, 309, 317-321, 324-326;
England, i. [371], [377], [378], ii. 172, 175;
finance, i. [37], [43], [63], [54], [80], ii. 170, 171;
habeas corpus, suspension of, i. [289], [290];
"house divided against itself," i. [118], [123], [124], [224];
internal improvements, i. [37], [50];
Kansas-Nebraska Bill, i. [95];
military events of war of Rebellion, ii. 33, 37, 39, 40, 42, 44-46, 50, 52-58, 67, 85, 87, 88-91, 143, 144, 149-152, 155, 163, 165, 227;
negro soldiers, ii. 17, 132, 207, 230, 316;
negro suffrage, ii. 230;
office-seekers, ii. 341;
party management, i. [38], [51], [54], [59], [60], [72], [97], [162], [235], ii. 263, 289;
peace, terms of, ii. 304-307, 311, 322, 329;
reconstruction, ii. 217-220, 222-227, 232-234, 236-238, 240, 242, 295-297, 303, 309;
slavery, i. [17], [56], [58], [131]-[139], [145], [146], [154], [210], ii. 19, 101, 102, 108, 204;
Southern policy, i. [125]-[127], [154];
States' rights, i. [141];
suffrage, i. [50];
Trent affair, i. [382], [384];
war, purpose of, ii. 187, 202-207, 271, 290, 293, 294, 302, 312, 313;
Wilmot Proviso, i. [79].
Lincoln, Abraham,
grandfather of Lincoln, emigrates to Kentucky, i. [2], [5];
his marriage, [5];
shot by Indians, [5].
Lincoln, John,
son of Mordecai, inherits property in New Jersey, i. [4];
moves to Virginia, [5];
Lincoln, Mordecai,
son of Samuel, lives in Scituate, Mass., i. [14];
his descendants, [4].
Lincoln, Mordecai,
son of Mordecai, moves to Pennsylvania, i. [4];
his property, [4].
Lincoln, Mordecai,
son of Abraham, saves life of Thomas Lincoln, i. [5].
Lincoln, Samuel,
ancestor of Lincoln, emigrates to New England, i. [3].
Lincoln, Solomon,
establishes Lincoln's pedigree, i. [3].
Lincoln, Thomas,
father of Abraham, i. [5];
life saved from Indians, [5];
denies Puritan or Quaker ancestry, [6];
his parentage of Abraham denied, [7];
marries Nancy Hanks, [8];
his children, [8];
moves from Kentucky to Indiana, [10];
marries again, [11];
moves to Illinois, [15];
later relations with Abraham, [16];
his manner of fighting, [24].
Logan, Stephen T.,
partnership with, and influence upon, Lincoln, i. [67];
leader of Illinois bar, [67], [68];
agrees with Lincoln to receive election to House in turn, [72];
defeated for Congress, [78];
manages Lincoln's candidacy in Republican Convention of 1860, [167].
Longstreet, General James,
sent to reinforce Jackson, ii. 76;
enters Pennsylvania, 145;
sent to reinforce Bragg, 163;
at battle of Chickamauga, 164;
sent to crush Burnside, 167;
retreats from Sherman, 167.
Louisiana,
not ready for secession, i. [182];
but prepared to resist coercion, [183];
plan of Lincoln to reconstruct, ii. 219, 220.
Lovejoy, Elijah P.,
killed at Alton, i. [56].
Lovejoy, Owen,
tries to commit Lincoln to joining Abolitionists, i. [95];
prevents Lincoln's election as senator, [97];
in House in 1861, [297];
his rage after Trent affair, [386];
supports Lincoln in 1864, ii. 256, 257.
Lyons, Lord,
suggested by Hicks as arbitrator between North and South, i. [281];
instructed to insist on instant reply in Trent affair, [383];
confers with Seward, [384].
McCall, General George A.,
favors McClellan's plan of campaign, i. [336];
his division sent to aid McClellan, ii. 59.
McClellan, George B.,
given command of Army of Potomac, i. [303];
his record prior to 1861, [303], [304];
his organizing ability, [306];
promoted to succeed Scott, [310];
his arrogance and contempt for civilians, [310], [311];
causes discontent by inactivity, [310], [311];
considers army unfit to move, [312];
unwilling from temperament to take any risks, [312], [313];
fails to appreciate political situation, [313], [314];
overestimates preparations of Confederates, [315];
overestimates Confederate numbers, [315], [316];
wishes to end war by a crushing campaign, [317];
ignores Lincoln's suggestion to move, [323];
falls ill, [323];
hearing of conferences, becomes well and makes appearance, [324];
snubs McDowell and Chase, [325];
objects to a direct attack on Confederates, [330];
his plan, [330];
his opponents become a recognized faction, [331];
his scheme repudiated by Lincoln, [332], [333];
protests and explains views, [333]-[335];
liberality of Lincoln towards, [335];
thinks politicians plot to destroy him, [336];
his plan accepted by Lincoln, [337];
discussion of its merit, [337]-[339];
makes mistake in insisting on his plan against Lincoln's wish, [339]-[341];
hampered by Lincoln's detaching men to protect Washington, [341];
discredited by Johnston's evacuation of Manassas, [342];
denounced Committee on Conduct of War, [342];
begins advance, [343];
annoyed at being relieved from general command, [343];
exasperated at action of Lincoln in forming corps and appointing commanders, [344], [345];
authorizes Halleck to arrest Grant, [360];
approves Buell's plan, [360];
his career compared with Halleck's, [365], [366];
promises to put down any slave insurrection, ii. 8;
in spite of evacuation of Manassas, insists on Peninsular campaign, 31;
approved by corps commanders, 32;
estimate of forces needed to defend Washington, 34;
fears no danger from Manassas, 35;
protests against removal of Blenker's brigade, 35;
begins campaign at Fortress Monroe, 36;
besieges Yorktown, 37;
sneers at Lincoln's suggestion of storming it, 37, 38;
his excuses always good, 38;
exasperated at retention of McDowell before Washington, 39, 41;
question of his responsibility, 41, 42;
not really trusted by Lincoln, 43;
still outnumbers enemy, 44;
letter of Lincoln to, answering his complaints, 44-46;
takes Yorktown, 48;
advances slowly, 48;
predicts Confederate evacuation of Norfolk, 48;
continues advance, 49, 50;
forbidden to use McDowell so as to uncover Washington, 51;
protests, 51;
follows Lincoln's plan and extends right wing to meet McDowell, 51;
informed by Lincoln of withdrawal of McDowell to pursue Jackson, 52, 56;
attacked by Johnston and Jackson, 58;
refuses to move for two weeks, 59;
wears out Lincoln's patience by delay, 60;
retorts sharply to suggestions, 61;
retreats to James River, 61;
writes bitter letter to Stanton, 62;
proves his incapacity to attack, 64;
wishes to resume offensive by James River, 64;
his prestige ruined at Washington, 65;
his recall demanded by Pope and Halleck, 65, 66;
supported by Lincoln in spite of attacks, 66, 67;
finally ordered to retreat, 68;
discussion of his conduct, 69;
beloved by army, 75;
predicts defeat of Pope, 78;
accused of failing to support Pope, 78;
exchanges telegrams with Halleck, 78, 79;
his aid asked by Halleck after Pope's defeat, 80;
kept inactive during Pope's campaign, 81;
appointed by Lincoln, in spite of protests, to command in Washington, 81, 82;
his fitness to reorganize army, 82;
describes steps taken to put him in command, 83;
cautious attitude toward Lee, 84;
at Antietam, 85;
welcomed by troops, 85;
fails to use advantages, 86;
urged by Lincoln to pursue, 86;
disappoints country by inaction, 86, 87;
ordered by Lincoln to advance, 87;
letter of Lincoln to, 88-91;
fails to move, 91;
relieved from command, 92;
conduct of Lincoln towards, 92-94, 135;
praised by conservative Democrats, 97;
endangers of emancipation, 103;
nominated for President, 265;
repudiates peace plank, 275;
his election hoped for by South, 286, 287.
McClernand, General John A.,
letter of Lincoln to, on difficulties of equipping armies, i. [348].
McClure, A.K.,
on influence of New York "Tribune," ii. 106.
McDougall, James A.,
in Congress in 1861, i. [297].
McDowell, General Irwin,
commands Federal army, i. [299];
obliged to attack, [300];
at battle of Bull Run, [300], [301];
summoned by Lincoln to consultation, [323], [324];
does not tell McClellan, [324];
describes McClellan's appearance at conference, [325];
favors Lincoln's plan of campaign, [330], [336];
appointed to command a corps, [344];
on force necessary to defend Washington, ii. 32;
his corps retained at Washington, 39, 49;
reasons of Lincoln for retaining, 44, 45;
again ordered to support McClellan, 48, 50;
ordered not to uncover Washington, 50, 51;
prevented from advancing by Lincoln's superstition, 52;
ordered to turn and pursue Jackson, 52;
protests vigorously, 55;
obliged to abandon McClellan, 56;
foretells that Jackson will escape, 58.
McLean, John,
candidate for Republican nomination in 1860, i. [169], [170].
Magruder, General J.B.,
confronts McClellan at Yorktown, ii. 37;
evacuates Yorktown, 47.
Maine,
Democratic gains in, during 1862, ii. 124.
Mallory, S.R.,
in Confederate cabinet, i. [206].
Malvern Hill,
battle of, ii. 61.
Maryland,
passage of troops through, i. [257];
effect of Baltimore conflict upon, [258];
danger of its secession, [258], [259];
determines to stand neutral, [260], [261];
importance of its action, [261], [262];
furnishes South with troops, [262];
military arrests in, to prevent secession, [286], [287];
Lee's invasion of, ii. 84-86.
Mason, James M.,
captured by Wilkes, i. [380];
imprisoned in Port Warren, [381];
surrendered, [385].
Massachusetts,
prepared for war by Governor Andrew, i. [256];
sends troops to front, [256].
Matteson, Governor Joel A.,
Democratic candidate for Senator in Illinois, i. [97].
Maynard, Horace,
in House in 1861, i. [298];
approves Lincoln's emancipation scheme, ii. 27.
Meade, General George G.,
on McClellan's organizing ability, i. [306];
replaces Burnside in command, ii. 146;
question of his powers, 146, 147;
at Gettysburg, 147, 148;
fails to attack, 148, 149;
irritation of Lincoln with, 150-152;
offers to resign, 150;
urged in vain by Lincoln to attack, 168;
"campaign in mud," 169;
enters Petersburg, 334;
at Appomattox, 338.
Meigs, General Montgomery C.,
at Lincoln's council of war in January, 1862, i. [324].
Memminger, C.G.,
in Confederate cabinet, i. [206].
Mercer, Captain, Samuel,
superseded by Porter under Lincoln's orders, i. [247].
Mercier, M. Henri,
letter of Greeley to, ii. 174.
Merryman, John,
arrested in Maryland, i. [287];
attempt of Taney to liberate, [287], [288].
Mexican war,
denounced by Whigs, i. [74], [77];
Mexico,
driven into war, i. [74], [85];
abolishes slavery, [85].
Michigan,
Republican losses in election of 1862, ii. 125.
Miles, Colonel Dixon S.,
at Harper's Ferry, ii. 84.
Miller, Mrs. Nancy,
bargains with Lincoln to make a pair of trousers, i. [16].
Mississippi,
not ready to secede, i. [182];
secedes, [186];
sends commissioner to persuade North Carolina, [188].
Missouri,
refuses to furnish Lincoln with troops, i. [255];
Unionist and Southern elements in, [269], [270];
civil war in, [270];
refuses to secede, [270];
Fremont's career in, [349]-[351];
saved from South by General Curtis, [351];
refuses compensated emancipation, ii. 129, 130;
factional quarrels in, 254;
declares for Fremont against Lincoln, 255;
delegates from, in Republican Convention, 262, 263.
Missouri Compromise,
its sacred character, i. [83];
its extension demanded in 1850, [86], [90];
questioned by South, [93], [94];
repealed, [94].
Morgan, Edwin D.,
urged by Lincoln to put emancipation plank in Republican platform, ii. 318.
Morton, Governor Oliver P.,
harassed by Copperheads, ii. 183;
tries to alarm Lincoln, 184.
Mudd, Samuel,
accomplice of Booth, tried and condemned, ii. 351, 352.
Naglee, General Henry M.,
favors McClellan's plan of campaign, i. [336].
Napoleon I.,
Lincoln contrasted with, ii. 354.
Napoleon III.,
agrees with Earl Russell to recognize belligerency of South, i. [372];
offers mediation, ii. 173;
his course suggested by Greeley, 174.
Negroes,
equality of, Lincoln's feeling toward, i. [131]-[137].
Nesmith, James W.,
in Senate in 1861, i. [297].
New England,
speeches of Lincoln in, i. [155].
New Jersey,
carried by Democrats in 1862, ii. 125.
New Mexico,
plan of South to occupy as slave territory, i. [86];
urged by Taylor to ask for admission as a State, [87];
organized as a Territory, [91].
New York,
Lincoln's speech in, i. [153]-[155];
secession threatened in, [197];
carried by Democrats in 1862, ii. 124;
tries to evade draft, 196;
draft riots in, 196, 197.
North,
surpasses South in development, i. [84];
begins to oppose spread of slavery, [86];
denounces Kansas-Nebraska Act, [95];
anti-Southern feeling in, [99], [100];
enraged at Dred Scott decision, [103];
annoyed at both Secessionists and Abolitionists, [115];
effect of Lincoln's "House divided" speech upon, [120];
effect of Lincoln's speeches in, [156], [157];
its attitude toward slavery the real cause of secession, [159];
carried by Republicans in 1860, [178];
its condition between Lincoln's election and his inauguration, [181];
panic in, during 1860, [190]-[195], [231];
urged to let South secede in peace, [192], [193];
proposals in, to compromise with South, [194];
led by Lincoln to oppose South on grounds of union, not slavery, [226]-[228];
irritated at inaction of Lincoln, [242];
effect of capture of Fort Sumter upon, [251], [252];
rushes to arms, [252];
compared with South infighting qualities, [253], [254];
responds to Lincoln's call for troops, [255];
military enthusiasm, [271], [272];
doubtful as to Lincoln's ability, [273]-[275];
wishes to crush South without delay, [299], [300];
forces McDowell to advance, [300];
enlightened by Bull Run, [302];
impatient with slowness of McClellan to advance, [311]-[314];
expects sympathy of England, [369];
annoyed at recognition of Southern belligerency by England, [372];
rejoices at capture of Mason and Slidell, [381];
its hatred of England, [386];
unity of, in 1861, ii. 1;
inevitably led to break on slavery question, 2, 3;
depressed by Peninsular campaign, 70, 71;
opponents of the war in, 95-97;
public men of, condemn Lincoln, 104;
popular opinion supports him, 105;
effect of Emancipation Proclamation upon, 121;
forced by Lincoln to choose between emancipation and failure of war, 123;
depressed after Chancellorsville, 142, 143;
discouraged by European offers of mediation, 174, 175;
adjusts itself to war, 194;
waning patriotism in, 194;
tries to evade draft, 195, 196;
draft riots in, 196, 197;
bounty-jumping in, 197, 198;
Republican gains in, 200, 201;
really under Lincoln's dictatorship, 208;
relieved from gloom by successes of 1864, 286;
rejoicings in 1865, 328, 340.
North Carolina,
not at first in favor of secession, i. [182], [269];
ready to oppose coercion, [183];
urged by Mississippi to secede, [188];
refuses to furnish Lincoln troops, [255];
finally secedes, [269].
Offut, Denton, sends Lincoln to New Orleans with a cargo, i. [16];
makes Lincoln manager of a store, [18];
brags of Lincoln's abilities, [18];
fails and moves away, [20].
Oglesby, Governor R.J.,
presides over Illinois Republican Convention, i. [162].
Ohio,
campaign of 1858 in, i. [151];
carried by Democrats in 1862, ii. 124;
career of Vallandigham in, 184, 185;
reply of Lincoln to Democrats of, 191;
election of 1863 in, 192;
renominates Lincoln in 1864, 251.
O'Laughlin, Michael,
accomplice of Booth, tried and condemned, ii. 350-352.
Ordinance of 1787,
its adoption and effect, i. [82].
Owens, Mary,
rejects Lincoln, i. [48].
Pain, John,
Lincoln's only hearer at "mass meeting" to organize Republican party, i. [111].
Palmerston, Lord,
drafts British ultimatum in Mason and Slidell case, i. [383];
shows it to Queen, [383].
Paris, Comte de,
on condition of Union army in 1861, i. [312];
on McDowell's advance from Washington to aid McClellan, ii. 50.
Patterson, General Robert,
commands force in Pennsylvania, i. [299];
fails to watch Johnston, [301].
Payne, Lewis,
accomplice of Booth, tried and hanged, ii. 350-352.
Peace Congress,
its composition and action, i. [203];
repudiated by South, [203], [204].
Pea Ridge,
battle of, i. [351].
Pemberton, General John C.,
surrenders Vicksburg, ii. 159, 160.
Pendleton, George H.,
in House in 1861, i. [297].
Pennsylvania,
carried by Democrats in 1862, ii. 124;
regained by Republicans, 201;
renominates Lincoln, 260.
Penrose, Captain ——,
on Lincoln's rashness in entering Richmond, ii. 336.
Perryville,
battle of, ii. 154.
Peters, ——,
refuses to trust a Republican, i. [204].
Phillips, Wendell,
remark on nomination of Lincoln, i. [173];
denounces Lincoln, [177];
welcomes secession, [195];
upholds right of South to secede, [231];
opposes Lincoln's renomination, ii. 255.
Pickens, Fort,
relief of, in 1861, i. [247], [248].
Pickens, Governor F.W.,
sends commissioners to Buchanan regarding dissolution of Union by South Carolina, i. [185].
Pierce, Franklin,
elected President, i. [93];
defeated for renomination, [101].
Pierpoint, Francis H.,
recognized as governor of Virginia, ii. 217.
Pillow, Fort,
massacre at, ii. 133.
Pillow, General Gideon J.,
runs away from Fort Donelson, i. [354].
Pinkerton, Allan,
discovers plot to assassinate Lincoln, i. [212]
Plug Uglies,
feared in 1861, i. [212];
mob Massachusetts troops, [257].
Polk, James K.,
carries Illinois in 1844, i. [71];
brings on Mexican war, [74], [85];
his policy attacked by Lincoln's "Spot Resolutions," [75];
asks for two millions to buy territory, [86].
Pomeroy, Samuel C.,
senator from Kansas, i. [297];
an enemy of Lincoln, ii. 250;
urges Chase's friends to organize to oppose Lincoln's renomination, 250.
Pope, General John,
recommended by Halleck for promotion, i. [355];
prevented by Halleck from fighting, [364];
urges recall of McClellan from Peninsula, ii. 65;
his military abilities, 74;
commands Army of Virginia, 74;
shows arrogance and lack of tact, 74, 75;
fails to cut off Jackson from Lee, 76, 77;
insists on fighting, 77;
beaten at Bull Run, 77;
discredited, 80.
Popular sovereignty,
doctrine of, in Compromise of 1850, i. [91], [92], [94];
used by Douglas to justify repeal of Missouri Compromise, [94], [95];
theory of, destroyed by Dred Scott decision, [103];
attempt of Douglas to reconcile, with Dred Scott case, [107].
Porter, General Andrew,
favors McClellan's
plan of campaign, i. [336].
Porter, David D.,
takes Powhatan under Lincoln's orders, i. [247];
refuses to obey Seward's order, [248];
aids Grant at Vicksburg, ii. 159;
confers with Lincoln, 237;
upholds Sherman in referring to Lincoln as authorizing Johnston's terms of surrender, 240.
Porter, General Fitz-John,
favors McClellan's plan of campaign, i. [336];
sent to meet McDowell, ii. 51.
Powell, L.W.,
denounces Lincoln's emancipation scheme, ii. 23.
Rathbone, Major Henry R.,
at Lincoln's assassination, ii. 346.
Raymond, Henry J.,
warns Lincoln of danger done to Republican party by emancipation policy, ii. 273;
reply of Lincoln to, 274.
Reagan, J.H.,
in Confederate cabinet, i. [206].
Reconstruction,
constitutional theory of, ii. 216, 217;
begun by appointment of military governors, 217, 218;
Lincoln's plan for, 219, 220;
blocked by refusal of Congress to receive representatives, 221;
usually associated with new constitutions, 221, 222;
method laid down in amnesty proclamation, 222-226;
difficulties in way of, 228, 229;
extremist proposals concerning, 229;
Reconstruction bill passed, 230-232;
bill for, vetoed by Lincoln, 233, 334;
later statements of Lincoln concerning, 236-238;
involved in Sherman's terms of surrender given to Johnston, 238, 239;
Lincoln's scheme discussed, 242-244;
problem of, in 1865, 328, 329;
intention of Lincoln to keep, in his own control, 329, 330.
Republican party,
its origin, i. [100];
in campaign of 1856, [101], [102];
organized in Illinois, [111];
defined by Lincoln, [134];
its programme put forth by Lincoln, [150], [151], [156], [157];
in Illinois, nominates Lincoln for presidency, [161], [162];
convention of, in 1860, [166]-[171];
candidates before, [166], [167];
balloting, in convention, [169], [170];
nominates Lincoln, [171];
chooses Lincoln because available, [172], [173];
its campaign methods, [173], [174];
denounced by Abolitionists, [177];
its moral attitude toward slavery the real cause of secession, [222]-[224];
its legal position on slavery, [221], [222];
its leaders distrust Lincoln, [233], [234];
dissatisfied with Lincoln's cabinet, [235], [236];
dissatisfied with Lincoln's emancipation policy, ii. 22, 23;
torn by factions, 97-99;
Abolitionist members of, denounce Lincoln, 98, 99;
leaders of, condemn Lincoln, 104;
majority of, continues to support him, 105;
influence of Greeley upon, 105-107;
upholds Emancipation Proclamation, 120;
loses in congressional elections of 1862, 124, 125;
radical wing of, demands dismissal of Seward, 176, 177;
regains ground in 1863, 201;
extreme faction of, still distrusts Lincoln and Seward, 213;
members of, denounce Lincoln for vetoing reconstruction bill, 234, 235;
movement in, to nominate Chase, 245-252;
movement in, to nominate Fremont, 255-258;
masses of, adhere to Lincoln, 260, 261;
fails to postpone nominating convention, 261;
nominates Lincoln, 262, 263;
nominates Johnson for Vice-President, 263, 264;
receives reluctant support of radicals, 265;
damaged by Greeley's denunciations of Lincoln, 266, 267, 270;
dreads defeat in summer of 1864, 273, 274;
damaged by draft, 274;
radical element of, forces dismissal of Blair, 287, 288;
conduct of campaign by, 289, 290;
gains election in 1864, 291, 292;
makes thirteenth amendment a plank in platform, 318, 319;
radical members of, rejoice at accession of Johnson after murder of Lincoln, 349.
Reynolds, Governor,
calls for volunteers in Black Hawk war, i. [35].
Rhode Island,
renominates Lincoln, ii. 251.
Richardson, W.A.,
remark on congressional interference with armies, i. [362].
Rives, W.C.,
remark of Lincoln to, on coercion, i. [219].
Rosecrans, General William S.,
succeeds Buell, ii. 155;
disapproves Halleck's plan to invade East Tennessee, 155;
fights battle of Stone's River, 155;
reluctant to advance, 156;
drives Bragg out of Tennessee, 156, 157;
refuses to move, 163;
finally advances to Chattanooga, 163, 164;
defeated at Chickamauga, 164;
unnerved after Chickamauga, 164;
cheered by Lincoln, 164;
besieged in Chattanooga, 165;
relieved by Grant, 165.
Russell, Earl,
his prejudices in favor of South, i. [371];
recognizes belligerency of South, i. [372];
revises Palmerston's dispatch in Trent affair, [383];
condemns Emancipation Proclamation, ii. 132;
calls Alabama affair a scandal, 172.
Rutledge, Ann,
love affair of Lincoln with, i. [43], [44].
Saulsbury, Willard,
in Senate in 1861, i. [297].
Saxton, General Rufus,
permitted to raise negro troops, ii. 17.
Schofield, General John M.,
treats with Johnston, ii. 240;
his removal from Missouri refused by Lincoln, 254.
Schurz, General Carl,
refused permission by Lincoln
to leave army to support his canvass, ii. 262.
Scott, Winfield,
in Mexican war, i. [75];
supported by Lincoln for President, [93];
suggests division of country into four parts, [191];
his help expected by Secessionists, [207];
advises reinforcement of Southern garrisons, [207];
threatens Southerners with violence, [208];
warns Lincoln of plot to murder, [213];
his military preparations, [219], [220];
thinks Sumter must be abandoned, [244], [245];
assembles troops at Washington, [255];
wishes to induce Lee to command Northern army, [263];
instructed to watch Maryland legislature, [286];
authorized to suspend writ of habeas corpus, [287];
has difficulties with McClellan, [310];
retires, [310].
Seaton, William W.,
promises to help Lincoln's emancipation bill, i. [80].
Secession,
mention of, avoided by Douglas and Lincoln, i. [157];
question of its justification in 1860, [158]-[160];
process of, in 1860-[61], [182]-[187];
discussed by Buchanan, [188]-[190];
admitted by Northern leaders, [192], [193], [231];
threatened by New York Democrats, [197];
Lincoln's view of, [221], [293], [294];
Southern theory of, [224], [225];
its success makes union, not slavery, the issue at stake, [226]-[228];
renewed by Border States, [262]-[269];
recognized as not the ultimate cause of war, ii. 2;
again asserted by Lincoln to be cause of war, 107, 108.
Sedgwick, General John,
beaten at Chancellorsville, ii. 142.
Semmes, Captain Raphael,
his career with the Alabama, ii. 172.
Senate of United States,
proposes "Union-saving devices," i. [202];
defeats Crittenden compromise, [203];
rejects plan of Peace Congress, [203];
leaders of, in 1861, [296];
passes thirteenth amendment, ii. 318.
Seward, Frederick,
warns Lincoln of plot in 1861, i. [213].
Seward, W.H.,
appeals to higher law, i. [90];
candidate for Republican nomination to presidency, [166];
opposed by Greeley, [167];
methods of his supporters, [167];
considered too radical, [168];
defeated by a combination, [169]-[171];
deserves the nomination, [172];
adopts conciliatory attitude in 1860, [197];
sends son to warn Lincoln, [213];
meets Lincoln at Washington, [214];
his theory of irrepressible conflict, [223];
wishes to submit to South, [231];
secretary of state, [234];
tries to withdraw consent, [237], [238];
attempt of Davis to involve, in discussion with Confederate commissioners, [238], [239];
refuses to receive them, [239];
announces that Sumter will be evacuated, [239];
reproached by commissioners, [240];
opposes reinforcing Sumter, [245], [246];
authorized to inform Confederates that Lincoln will not act without warning, [245];
makes mistake in order concerning Powhatan, [248];
said to have led Lincoln to sign papers without understanding contents, [250];
made to feel subordination by Lincoln, [276];
submits thoughts for President's consideration, [276]-[278];
wishes foreign war, [277];
offers to direct the government, [277], [278];
reasons for his actions, [278];
repressed by Lincoln, [279], [280];
advises against a paper blockade, [284];
wishes to maintain friendly relations with England, [371];
angered at Russell's conduct, [373];
writes menacing instructions to Adams, [373]-[375];
his attitude in Mason and Slidell affair, [382];
drafts reply to England's ultimatum, [384];
disavows Wilkes's act and surrenders envoys, [385];
advises Lincoln to withhold Emancipation Proclamation until after a victory, ii. 115;
suggests promise to maintain freedom of slaves, 131;
dealings with England, 171, 172;
rejects offer of French mediation, 173;
denounced by radicals, 176;
plan to force his resignation, 176;
offers resignation, 177;
withdraws it at Lincoln's request, 178;
on Copperhead societies, 182;
denounced by Chandler, 213;
on bad terms with Blair, 287;
his remarks used against Lincoln, 290;
sent by Lincoln to confer with Confederate peace commission, his instructions, 306;
shown Lincoln's dispatch to Grant, 329;
attempt to assassinate, 350.
Seymour, Horatio,
elected governor of New York, ii. 124;
denounces tyranny of Lincoln, 189;
tries to prevent draft, 196;
asks Lincoln to delay enforcement until Supreme Court gives judgment, 196;
inefficient at time of draft riots, 197.
Shackford, Samuel,
investigates Lincoln's ancestry, i. [3].
Shellabarger, Samuel,
in House in 1861, i. [297].
Shepley, Governor G.F.,
remark of Lincoln to, ii. 220.
Sheridan, General Philip H.,
at battle of Chattanooga, ii. 166, 167;
his campaign against Early, 284, 285;
plans to cut off Lee, 232;
wins Five Forks, 333;
at Appomattox, 337, 338.
Sherman, John,
in Senate in 1861, i. [296].
Sherman, General W.T.,
unappreciated by Halleck, i. [365];
authorized by Cameron to use slaves, ii. 8;
assaults Vicksburg, 158;
pursues Johnston, 162;
sent to reinforce Rosecrans, 165;
storms Missionary Ridge, 167;
relieves Burnside, 167;
confers with Lincoln, 238;
his terms to Johnston in 1865 involve political reconstruction, 238, 239;
his terms annulled by Stanton 239;
shows resentment toward Stanton, 240;
makes terms with Johnston, 240;
refers to Lincoln as authority, 240;
his terms disapproved by Grant, 241;
appointed to command in West, 277;
drives Johnston southward, 283;
defeats Hood at Atlanta, 283;
thanked by Lincoln, 283;
marches to the sea, 300;
marches north through Carolinas, 331;
ready to join Grant, 333.
Shields, General James A.,
paper duel of Lincoln with, i. [65], [66];
loses reëlection to Senate, [96];
his force joined to McDowell's, ii. 51.
Shipley, Mary,
ancestor of Lincoln, i. [5].
Short, James,
lends Lincoln money, i. [42].
Sickles, Daniel E.,
threatens secession of New York city, i. [197].
Sigel, General Franz,
replaces Fremont, ii. 74.
Slavery,
its entrance into politics described, i. [82]-[86];
compromises concerning, in Constitution, [83];
settled by Missouri Compromise, [83];
attitude of South toward, [84];
necessity of extending area of, in order to preserve, [84], [85];
Lincoln's description of struggle over, [124]-[132];
attitude of Lincoln toward, [145], [146], [159];
moral condemnation of, by North, the real cause of secession, [222]-[224];
wisdom of Lincoln in passing over, as cause of war, [226]-[228];
forced to front as real cause of war, ii. 2, 3;
comes into question through action of Federal generals, 5-9;
attempts of Fremont and Hunter to abolish, revoked by Lincoln, 6, 7;
acts of Congress affecting, 11-15;
Emancipation Proclamation against, 110-119, 130;
regard for, hinders War Democrats from supporting Lincoln, 272;
not touched as an institution by Emancipation Proclamation, 316;
necessity of a constitutional amendment to abolish, 317;
desire of Copperheads to reëstablish, 319, 320.
Slaves,
during Civil War, called "contraband" by Butler, ii. 5;
escape to Northern armies, 6;
declared free by Fremont, 6;
this declaration revoked by Lincoln, 6, 7;
declared free by Hunter, 7;
inconsistent attitude of generals toward, 8;
proposal of Cameron to arm, cancelled by Lincoln, 8, 9;
protected from return to owners by Congress, 12;
armed, 15-18, 315, 316;
not paid equally with whites until 1864, 18;
armed in 1863, 132, 133;
threatened with death by South, 133.
Slidell, John,
seized by Wilkes, i. [380];
imprisoned in Fort Warren, [381];
released, [385].
Smith, Caleb B.,
delivers votes to Lincoln in convention of 1860, i. [170];
secretary of interior, [234];
opposes relieving Sumter, [245], [246].
Smith, General C.W.,
praised by Halleck, i. [355].
Smith, General W.F.,
favors McClellan's plan of campaign, i. [336].
Smoot, Coleman,
lends Lincoln money, i. [43].
South,
its early sectionalism, i. [83];
demands political equality with North, [84];
its inferior development, [84];
gains by annexation of Texas, [85], [86];
enraged at organization of California as a free State, [87], [88];
threatens disunion, [88];
demands Fugitive Slave Law, [88];
asserts doctrine of non-intervention in Territories, [88];
not satisfied with Compromise of 1850, [92];
fails to secure Kansas, [98];
applauds Brooks for his assault on Sunnier, [100];
enraged at Douglas's opposition to Lecompton Constitution. [108];
reads Douglas out of party, [116], [142];
its policy described by Lincoln, [125]-[128];
fairness of Lincoln toward, [138], [139];
demands that North cease to call slavery wrong, [154], [155];
question of its justification in seceding, [158], [159];
its delegates disrupt Democratic party, [163]-[165];
scatters vote in 1860, [178];
process of secession in, [182]-[187];
agitation of dis-unionists in, [183];
State loyalty in, [184];
justified by Greeley and others, [192], [193];
threatens North, [195], [196];
repudiates Peace Congress, [203], [204];
its leaders in Congress remain to hamper government, [204], [205];
forms Confederacy, [205];
expects Scott to aid, [207];
wishes to seize Washington, [209];
impressed by Lincoln's inaugural, [221];
its real grievance the refusal of North to admit validity of slavery, [222]-[224];
its doctrine of secession, [224], [225];
makes secession, not slavery, the ground of war, [225];
irritated at failure of secession to affect North, [241];
purpose of Lincoln to put in the wrong, [242];
rejoices over capture of Sumter, [251];
compared with North in fighting qualities, [253], [254];
elated over Bull Bun, [302];
its strength overestimated by McClellan, [315], [316];
expects aid from Northern sympathizers, [367];
hopes of aid from England disappointed, [369];
after Chancellorsville, wishes to invade North and conquer a peace, ii. 143;
welcomes Vallandigham, 187, 188;
economically exhausted in 1863, 199, 200;
reconstruction in, 216-244;
applauds McClellan, 286, 287;
evidently exhausted in 1864, 300, 308;
hopes of Lincoln to make its surrender easy, 308, 309.
South Carolina,
desires secession, i. [179];
suggests it to other States, [182];
sends commissioners to treat for division of property with United States, [185];
refusal of Buchanan to receive, [199], [200];
refuses to participate in Peace Congress, [204];
besieges Fort Sumter, [243].
Spangler, Edward,
aids Booth to escape, ii. 347;
tried by court martial, 350, 351;
condemned, 352.
Speed, Joshua,
letter of Lincoln to, on slavery, i. [17];
goes with Lincoln to Kentucky, [63].
Spottsylvania,
battle of, ii. 279.
Sprague, Governor William,
of Rhode Island, ii. 251.
Stanton, Edwin M.,
attorney-general under Buchanan, i. [198];
joins Black in forcing Buchanan to alter reply to South Carolina Commissioners, [200];
share in Stone's punishment, [309];
appointed secretary of war, [326];
his previous insulting attitude toward Lincoln, [326], [327];
discussion of his qualities, good and bad, [327], [328];
an efficient secretary, [328];
sneers at generals who favor McClellan's plans, [336];
shows incompetence in organizing army, [343], [344];
praises Wilkes for capturing Mason and Slidell, [381];
communicates Lincoln's approval to McClellan, ii. 32;
loses head during Jackson's raid, 53;
bitter letter of McClellan to, 62;
becomes McClellan's merciless enemy, 63;
tries to prevent reappointment of McClellan, 81;
wishes to take troops from Meade for Rosecrans, 168;
repudiates Sherman's terms with Johnston, 239;
insults Sherman, 239, 240;
his relations with Grant, 277;
at time of Early's attack on Washington, 281;
on bad terms with Blair, 287;
persuades Lincoln to use an escort, 343;
plan to assassinate, 350.
Stephens, Alexander H.,
in Congress with Lincoln, i. [74];
on reasons for Georgia's secession, [183];
opposes secession, [187];
elected Vice-President of Confederate States, [205];
denies plot to seize Washington, [209];
letter of Lincoln to, [210], [211];
wishes to treat for peace with Lincoln, ii. 152;
his attempt foiled by Lincoln, 153;
admits desire to place Lincoln in false position, 153;
nominated by Davis on peace commission, 305.
Stevens, Thaddeus,
leader of House in 1861, i. [297];
denounces Lincoln's emancipation scheme, ii. 22;
considers Constitution destroyed, 109;
on admission of West Virginia, 181;
on unpopularity of Lincoln in Congress, 247;
admits Lincoln to be better than McClellan, 265.
Stone, General Charles P.,
commands at Ball's Bluff, i. [308];
Stuart, John T.,
law partnership of Lincoln with, i. [56], [67].
Stuart, General J.E.B.,
rides around Federal army, ii. 60;
repeats feat after Antietam, 87.
Sumner, Charles,
assaulted by Brooks, i. [99];
in Senate in 1861, [296].
Sumner, General Edwin V.,
objects to Lincoln's trying
to avoid murder plot, on ground of cowardice, i. [213];
opposes plan of Peninsular campaign, [336];
appointed corps commander, [344];
on force necessary to protect Washington, ii. 32.
Sumter, Fort,
question of its retention in 1861, i. [185], [239], [243]-[251].
Supreme Court,
left to determine status of slavery in Territories, i. [91];
in Dred Scott case, [102], [103];
in Merryman case, [287]-[289];
reluctance of Lincoln to fill, exclusively with Northern men, ii. 30;
Chase appointed chief justice of, 298, 299.
Surratt, John H.,
escapes punishment for complicity in assassination plot, ii. 352.
Surratt, Mary E.,
accomplice of Booth, tried and executed, ii. 351, 352.
Swinton, William,
on McClellan's self-sufficiency, i. [314];
on campaign of 1862, [339];
on extraordinary powers given Meade, ii. 146.
Tanet, Roger B.,
his opinion in Dred Scott case discussed, i. [102]-[104];
administers inaugural oath to Lincoln, [220];
attempts to liberate Merryman by habeas corpus, [287], [288];
denounces Lincoln's action as unconstitutional, [288];
succeeded by Chase, ii. 298.
Tatnall, Captain Josiah,
destroys Merrimac, ii. 49.
Taylor, Dick,
amusingly tricked by Lincoln, i. [59].
Taylor, General Zachary,
his victories in Mexican war, i. [75];
supported by Lincoln for President, [78], [79];
urges New Mexico to apply for admission as a State, [88].
Tennessee,
refuses to furnish Lincoln with troops, i. [255];
at first opposed to secession, [268];
eastern counties of, Unionist, [268];
forced to secede, [269];
desire of Lincoln to save eastern counties of, [351];
prevented from Northern interference by Kentucky's "neutrality," [351];
seized by South, [353];
plan of Halleck to invade, ii. 155;
eastern counties freed from Confederates, 167;
plan of Lincoln to reconstruct, 219;
chooses presidential electors, 295.
Texas,
its rebellion and annexation, i. [85];
claims New Mexico, [88];
compensated, [91];
secedes, [187].
Thomas, General George H.,
considers Washington insufficiently protected, ii. 40;
at Chickamauga, 164;
replaces Rosecrans, 165;
prepares to hold Chattanooga, 166;
defeats Hood at Nashville, ii. 300, 301.
Thomas, Philip F.,
succeeds Cobb in Buchanan's cabinet, i. [198];
resigns from Treasury Department, [200].
Thompson, Jacob,
in Buchanan's cabinet, i. [188];
acts as Mississippi commissioner to persuade Georgia to secede, [188];
claims Buchanan's approval, [188];
resigns, [200].
Thompson, Colonel Samuel,
in Black Hawk war, i. [36].
Tod, David,
declines offer of Treasury Department, ii. 253.
Todd, Mary,
her character, i. [62];
morbid courtship of, by Lincoln, [63];
her married life with Lincoln, [64], [65];
involves Lincoln in quarrel with Shields, [65], [66].
Toombs, Robert,
in Congress with Lincoln, i. [74];
works for secession in 1860, [186];
declares himself a rebel in the Senate, [204];
secretary of state under Jefferson Davis, [206].
Toucey, Isaac,
in Buchanan's cabinet, i. [187].
"Tribune," New York.
See Greeley, Horace.
Trumbull, Lyman,
leader of Illinois bar, i. [68];
elected senator from Illinois through Lincoln's influence, [96]-[98];
said to have bargained with Lincoln, [98];
in Senate in 1861, [296];
introduces bill to confiscate slaves of rebels, ii. 14.
Tucker, John,
prepares for transportation of Army of Potomac to Fortress Monroe, ii. 36.
Utah,
organized as a Territory, i. [90].
Vallandigham, Clement L.,
in House in 1861, i. [297];
his speeches in 1863, ii. 185;
tried and condemned for treason, 186;
imprisoned in Fort Warren, 186;
sent by Lincoln to Confederate lines, 187;
goes to Canada, nominated for governor in Ohio, 188;
opinion of Lincoln on, 190, 191;
defeated, 192;
forces peace plank into National Democratic platform, 275.
Vicksburg,
siege of, ii. 157-160.
Virginia,
at first opposed to secession, i. [262];
carried by Secessionists, [262], [263];
makes military league with Confederate States, [264];
becomes member of Confederacy, [264];
northwestern counties of, secede from, [265];
comment of Lincoln on, [292];
nominal State government of, ii. 217.
Voorhees, Daniel W.,
in House in 1861, i. [297].
Wade, Benjamin F.,
in Senate in 1861, i. [296];
thinks country ruined in 1862, ii. 104;
issues address denouncing Lincoln for veto of reconstruction bill, 234;
obliged to support Lincoln rather than McClellan, 265.
Wadsworth, General James S.,
commands forces to protect Washington, ii. 34;
considers troops insufficient, 40.
Walker, L.P.,
in Confederate cabinet, i. [206].
Walworth, Chancellor R.H.,
denounces coercion, i. [194].
War of Rebellion,
first call for volunteers, i. [252], [255];
protection of Washington, [255];
passage of Massachusetts troops through Baltimore, [256]-[258];
proclamation of blockade, [283];
naval situation, [283], [284];
second call for volunteers, army increased, [291];
military episodes of 1861, [298], [299];
campaign of Bull Run, [300]-[302];
character and organization of Northern armies, [304]-[308];
McClellan commander-in-chief, [310];
civilian officers in, [319];
attempt to force McClellan to advance, [322]-[326];
administration of War Department by Stanton, [326]-[328];
Lincoln's plan for, [329];
debate as to plan of Virginia campaign, [330]-[336];
General War Order No. I, [332];
adoption of McClellan's plan, [334]-[336];
discussion of McClellan's and Lincoln's plans, [337]-[340];
evacuation of Manassas, [341];
removal of McClellan from chief command, [343];
creation of army corps, [344];
character of Western military operations, [346]-[348];
Northern successes along the coast, [348];
campaign in Missouri and Arkansas, [351];
operations in Kentucky, [354];
campaign of Forts Henry and Donelson, [354], [355];
capture of New Madrid and Island No. [10], [355];
career of the ram Merrimac, [356];
battle of Merrimac and Monitor, [357];
capture of New Orleans, [358];
battle of Memphis, [359];
cruise of Farragut on Mississippi, [359];
Halleck commander in West, [359], [360];
advance of Grant and Buell on Corinth, [360], [361];
battle of Shiloh, [361], [362];
Halleck's advance on Corinth, [363], [364];
part played in war by politics, [365]-[367];
question of protection of Washington, ii. 31-35;
reinforcement of Fremont, 35;
Peninsular campaign, 36-72;
transportation to Fortress Monroe, 36;
Yorktown, 36-47;
retention of McDowell before Washington, 39-44;
advance of McClellan, 47-51;
Jackson's raid on Harper's Ferry, 52-56;
McDowell ordered to pursue Jackson, 55, 56;
criticism of Lincoln's orders, 56-58;
Seven Pines and Fair Oaks, 58;
halt and retreat of McClellan, 59-61;
Malvern Hill, 61;
retreat continued, 63;
discussion of campaign, 64-71;
Halleck commander-in-chief, 65, 66, 71;
abandonment of campaign, 68;
Army of Virginia formed under Pope, 74, 75;
Pope's campaign in Virginia, 75-78;
Cedar Mountain, 76;
second battle of Bull Run, 77;
quarrels between officers, 78, 79;
reinstatement of McClellan, 80-82;
reorganization of army, 82-84;
Lee's campaign in Maryland, 84;
Antietam, 85, 86;
McClellan fails to pursue Lee, 86-88;
Lincoln's proposals, 88-91;
McClellan superseded by Burnside, 92, 136;
Fredericksburg campaign, 136, 137;
quarrels in army, 137, 138;
Burnside succeeded by Hooker, 138-140;
Chancellorsville campaign, 140-142;
failure of Hooker to fight Lee in detail, 143, 144;
Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania, 144-146;
Hooker replaced by Meade, 146;
battle of Gettysburg, 147-149;
failure of Meade to pursue Lee, 149-152;
Bragg's invasion of Kentucky, 154;
battle of Perryville, 154;
Buell replaced by Rosecrans, 155;
battle of Stone's River, 155;
Rosecrans drives Bragg out of Tennessee, 156, 157;
siege and capture of Vicksburg, 157-160;
fall of Port Hudson, 162;
Rosecrans' Chattanooga campaign, 163, 164;
battle of Chickamauga, 164;
siege of Chattanooga, 165;
Rosecrans replaced by Thomas, Grant given command of West, 165;
battle of Chattanooga, 166, 167;
liberation of East Tennessee, 167;
Meade's campaign in mud, 168, 169;
steps leading to draft, 193-196;
diminishing influence of politicians in, 209, 210;
Grant made lieutenant-general, 276, 277;
new plan of campaign, 277, 278;
Grant's Virginia campaign, 278-281;
battle of Wilderness, 279;
battle at Spottsylvania, 279;
battle of Cold Harbor, 280;
Butler "bottled up," 280;
Early's raid against Washington, 281-283;
Sherman's Atlanta campaign, 283;
capture of Mobile, 284;
Sheridan's Valley campaign, 284, 285;
Sherman's march to the sea, 300;
Thomas's destruction of Hood's army, 300, 301;
sinking of the Alabama and of the Albemarle, 301;
decay of Confederate army in 1865, 330;
siege of Petersburg, 330-332;
march of Sherman through Carolinas, 331;
Bentonsville, 331;
attempts of Lee to escape, 331, 332;
Five Forks, 333;
abandonment of Petersburg and Richmond, 333-335;
flight of Lee to Southwest, 336, 337;
Appomattox, 337, 338;
surrender of Lee, 338, 339;
surrender of Johnston, 340.
Washburne, Elihu B.,
letters of Lincoln to, on senatorial election of 1855, i. [97];
on compromise in 1861, [210];
meets Lincoln at Washington, [214];
in House in 1861, [297].
Washington, George,
futility of attempt to compare Lincoln with, ii. 357.
Webb, General A.S.,
on effects of politics in Virginia campaigns, i. [336];
on the consequences of Lincoln's relation to McClellan, ii. 43;
on McClellan's change of base, 61-68.
Webster, Daniel,
his 7th of March speech, i. [90].
Weed, Thurlow,
advocates revision of Constitution in 1860, i. [193].
Weitzel, General Godfrey,
enters Richmond, ii. 334.
Welles, Gideon,
secretary of navy, i. [234];
opposes relieving Sumter, [245];
changes opinion, [246];
not told by Lincoln of plan to relieve Pensacola, [247];
learns that Lincoln has spoiled his plan to relieve Sumter, [247];
wishes Lincoln to close Southern ports by proclamation, [284];
disapproves of Lincoln's scheme of amnesty, ii. 310.
West,
social characteristics of frontier life in, i. [17]-[30];
democracy in, [22];
vagrants in, [23];
violence and barbarity of, [24];
manners and customs, [24]-[26];
grows in civilization, [26];
economic conditions of, [27];
frontier law and politics, [28]-[30];
popular eloquence in, [57];
its ignorance of foreign countries, [368].
West Virginia,
origin of, i. [265]; campaign of McClellan in, [304];
forms a state Constitution, ii. 180;
question of its admission, 180, 181;
its vote counted in 1864, 297.
Whigs,
character of, in Illinois, i. [38];
support Lincoln for speaker, [59], [60];
fail to carry Illinois in 1840, [61];
and in 1844, [71];
elect Lincoln to Congress, [73];
oppose Mexican war, [74];
elect Taylor, [79];
defeated in 1852, [93];
join Know-Nothings in 1856, [100].
White, Hugh L.,
supported by Lincoln in 1836, i. [50].
Whiteside, General Samuel,
in Black Hawk war, i. [36].
Wigfall, Lewis T.,
jeers at North in 1860, i. [196].
Wilderness,
battle of, ii. 279.
Wilkes, Captain Charles,
seizes Mason and Slidell, i. [380];
applauded in North, [381];
condemned by Lincoln, [382].
Wilmot, David,
in Congress with Lincoln, i. [74];
in Senate in 1861, [296].
Wilson, Henry,
hopes that Douglas will become Republican in 1858, i. [116];
in Senate in 1861, [296];
introduces bill to emancipate slaves in District, ii. 11;
on negro troops, 17;
admits small number of radical emancipationists, 121;
denounces Blair to Lincoln, 287.
Winthrop, Robert C.,
chosen speaker of House, i. [74].
Wisconsin,
admitted as free State to balance Texas, i. [88];
Democratic gains in, ii. 125.
Wood, Fernando,
advocates secession of New York City, i. [197];
wishes Lincoln to compromise, ii. 152.
Wool, General John E.,
commands at Fortress Monroe, ii. 45.
Yorktown,
siege of, ii. 36-47.
Yulee, David L.,
remains in Senate in 1861 to embarrass government, i. [204].