FOOTNOTES:
[164] Papiers d'État, 1178, Archives du Royaume, Bruxelles.
[165] Calendar of State Papers, xii. 2, 367.
[166] State Papers, Henry VIII., Record Office, viii. 2.
[167] J. Kaulek, "Correspondance Politique de M. de Castillon," 4, 5; Calendar of State Papers, xii. 2, 394.
[168] Calendar of State Papers, xii. 2, 392; G. Pimodan, "La Mère des Guises," 72.
[169] Kaulek, 12, 15; Calendar of State Papers, xiii. 1, 54.
[170] State Papers, Record Office, viii. 5.
[171] Anne Boleyn's cousin Mary Skelton, who had been a great favourite with the King (see Calendar of State Papers, xiii. 1, 24).
[172] State Papers, Record Office, viii. 7.
[173] Calendar of State Papers, xiii. 1, 42.
[174] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, v. 2, 572.
[175] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, v. 2, 429.
[176] Kaulek, 24; Calendar of State Papers, xiii. 1, 82.
[177] Calendar of State Papers, xiii. 1, 93.
[178] State Papers, Record Office, viii. 16.
[179] Ibid., viii. 30.
[180] British Museum, Additional Manuscripts, 5,498, f. 2; Calendar of State Papers, xiii. 1, 130.
[181] State Papers, Record Office, viii. 17-19.
[182] Holbein's portrait is described in the Catalogues of the King's pictures at Westminster in 1542 and 1547 as "No. 12. A greate Table with the picture of the Duchess of Myllane, being her whole stature." After Henry's death it passed into the hands of Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel, the King's Lord Chamberlain and godson, who married Lady Katherine Grey, and acquired the Palace of Nonsuch, with most of its contents. When he died, in 1580, it became the property, first of his elder daughter Jane, wife of Lord Lumley, and then of her great-nephew, Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel. This great collector took the Duchess of Milan's portrait with him abroad during the Civil Wars, and after his death, in 1645, it hung, with many other Holbeins, in the house of his widow at Amsterdam. Lady Arundel left the whole collection to her son, Henry Howard, who became the sixth Duke of Norfolk, and Holbein's portrait remained in the family until, in 1909, it was acquired by the National Gallery for the sum of £72,000. A second portrait of the Duchess of Milan, a half-length, is mentioned in Henry VIII.'s Catalogues ("No. 138. A Table with a picture of the Duchess of Myllane"), and was discovered by Sir George Scharf in a waiting-room near the private chapel at Windsor. This is probably the portrait by Van Orley which Hutton sent to England before Holbein's arrival at Brussels. The attitude of the sitter, her dress and features, are the same as in Holbein's picture, but the face is less finely modelled and lacks charm and expression. The hands are in a slightly different position, and instead of one big ruby ring she wears three rings—a cameo and a gold ring on the right hand, and a black ring, the badge of widowhood, on the third finger of the left hand. This curious and interesting portrait is plainly the work of an inferior artist, and, as the Ambassador justly remarked, bears no comparison with Holbein's Duchess—"surely," in the words of his biographer, "one of the most precious pictures in the world" (Wornum's "Life of Holbein," p. 322; L. Cust in the Burlington Magazine, August, 1911, p. 278; and Sir G. Scharf in "Archæologia," xl. 205).
[183] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, v. 2, 523.
[184] State Papers, Record Office, viii. 21.
[185] State Papers, Record Office, viii. 30.
[186] Calendar of State Papers, xiii. 1, 263.
[187] Kaulek, 29, 33, 35.
[188] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, v. 2, 524.
[189] Calendar of State Papers, xiii. 1, 258.
[190] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, v. 2, 526, 558.
[191] Kaulek, 48, 50, 53, 58, 70.
[192] Ibid., 58, 73; Pimodan, 73.
[193] Kaulek, 70, 79, 81; Spanish State Papers, vi. 1, 9.
[194] Balcarres Manuscripts, ii. 20.
[195] Ibid., ii. 10.
[196] There has been some confusion as to the date of Holbein's visit to Joinville, owing to a mistake in the Calendar of State Papers (xiii. 1, 130), where Cromwell's instructions to Hoby for his journeys to Brussels and France are entered under the date of February, 1538. But the Duchess of Guise's letter (see Appendix), as well as the payment of £10 made by Sir Brian Tuke, Treasurer of the Household, to Hans Holbein on the 30th of December, 1538, "for going to the parts of High Burgony about certain of the King's business," make it clear that this journey took place at the end of August (G. Scharf, "Archæologia," xxxix. 7). From Lorraine the painter went on to Bâle, where he spent some months, and returned to England at Christmas. The original documents in the British Museum (Additional Manuscripts, 5,498, f. 1) bear no date, and are on separate sheets, and the heading of the instructions regarding the journey to Brussels was added by a later hand, and is thus worded: "Instructions given by the L. Cromwell to Philip Hoby, sent over by him to the Duchess of Lorraine, then Duchess of Milan"—i.e., Christina, Duchess of Lorraine, at that time Duchess of Milan. But the editor of the Calendars inserted the words "to the" between "then" and "Duchess of Milan," thus making it appear that Hoby went first to Lorraine, and then to the Duchess of Milan, whereas the journey to Brussels took place in March, and that to Lorraine in August. Since this chapter was written, the subject has been fully dealt with by Mr. A. B. Chamberlain in the Burlington Magazine, April, 1912.
[197] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, v. 2, 531.
[198] Nott's "Life of Wyatt," ii. 488.
[199] State Papers, Record Office, viii. 33.
[200] State Papers, Record Office, viii. 40.
[201] Calendar of State Papers, xiii. 2, 119.
[202] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vi. 1, 42.
[203] Kaulek, 77.
[204] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vi. 15-31.
[205] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vi. 41.
[206] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vi. 46.
[207] State Papers, Record Office, viii. 53, 56; Calendar of State Papers, xiii. 2, 214.
[208] State Papers, Record Office, viii. 56-60.
[209] Calendar of State Papers, xiii. 2, 245, 247.
[210] State Papers, Record Office, viii. 67.
[211] State Papers, Record Office, viii. 78; Calendar of State Papers, xiii. 2, 255.
[212] F. Decrue, "Anne de Montmorency," 415, 418, 491.
[213] State Papers, xiii. 2, 238.
[214] Ibid., xiii. 2, 247, 248.
[215] Calendar of State Papers, xiii. 2, 261.
[216] Calendar of State Papers, xiii. 2, 255.
[217] Calendar of State Papers, xiii. 2, 289.
[218] Ibid., xiii. 2, 291, 296.
[219] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vi. 1, 96.
[220] Lanz, ii. 686.
[221] Papiers d'État, 82, 20, Archives du Royaume, Bruxelles.
[222] Lanz, ii. 296.
[223] State Papers, Record Office, viii. 72.
[224] Calendar of State Papers, xiii. 2, 467, 468.
[225] State Papers, Record Office, viii. 110, 118, 123.
[226] Calendar of State Papers, xiv. 1, 37.
[227] State Papers, Record Office, viii. 139.
[228] State Papers, Record Office, viii. 140-148.
[229] Calendar of State Papers, xiv. 1, 93, 121.
[230] Ibid., xiv. 1, 14; Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vi. 1, 97.
[231] Ibid., xiv. 1, 26.
[232] Calendar of State Papers, xiv. 1, 16-19.
[233] Ibid., xiv. 1, 52; Lanz, ii. 297-306.
[234] Nott, ii. 306.
[235] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vi. 1, 145.
[236] Kaulek, 84.
[237] Calendar of State Papers, xiv. 1, 125, 126
[238] State Papers, Record Office, viii. 155.
[239] State Papers, Record Office, viii. 166, 175.
[240] Nott, "Life of Wyatt," II. 511.
[241] Calendar of State Papers, xiv. 1, 189, 191.
[242] "Archæologia Cambrensis," xxiii. 139-141.