INDEX
Additional Instructions, 113, 115, 126-8, 203-229
Admiral, station of, inline, 12, 15, 16, 22, 24, 61, 77, 88, 91, 100,
123, 127, 166, 243-5, 276, 317.
See also Flag, and Flagship
Advanced squadron, Nelson's, 294, 300-6, 316-7, 319 n., 325
Ammunition, supply of, 69
Anchor, engaging at, 264, 277,
d'Annibault, Admiral, 18
Anson, Lord, 116, 204, 209-10, 216, 218 n., 285 n.
Argall, Sir Samuel, 49
Armada, 27-9, 32-5, 75, 283, 288
Attack, from to-windward, 31, 33-5, 42, 59, 95, 113, 126, 153, 155-6,
170-1, 227, 246, 330-3.
See also Line, breaking the
Oblique, 143-5
Parallel, 143, 148, 155-6, 170-1, 186, 191-2, 197, 218 n.,
245, 266, 273, 324-5
Perpendicular, 265, 307, 324
On contrary tacks, 245;
on opposite number, 211-2, 217-8, 227-3, 265, 377;
in coming up, 277
By defiling, 42-3, 51, 59, 65
On superior fleet, 180-2, 236, 262-3, 276, 308, 346
Audley, Sir Thomas, 14-17
Augers, for scuttling, 13
Badiley, Captain Richard, 84
Ball, Admiral Sir Alexander, 303
Banckers, Admiral Adriaen, 156 n.
Barham, Admiral Lord, 293
Barrington, Admiral the Hon. Samuel, 258
Baskerville, Sir Thomas, his battle order, 29
Battle orders, see Order of Battle
Battles.
Gravelines (1588), 75, 283, 288
Isla de Pinos (1596), 29
Oquendo and Tromp (1639), 85
Monte Christo (1652), 84
Dungeness (1652), 93
Portland (Feb. 1653), 94
The Gabbard (June 1653), 97
Lowestoft or Texel, No. 2 (1665), 113-4
Four Days' Battle (1066), 116-9, 134, 136-7
St. James's Fight (1666), 122 n., 138, 140-1
Holmes's action (1672), 169
Solebay (1672), 138-9, 155 n., 169
Schoonveldt (1673) 133, 156
Texel, No. 3 (1673), 154 n., 157 n., 162 n., 182
Beachy Head or Bevesier (1690), 177, 181
La Hogue (1692), 180
Malaga (1704), 184, 186, 195-6, 198 n.
Toulon (1744), 188 n., 196, 205, 210
Finisterre (Anson and De la Jonquière, 1747), 209
Finisterre (Hawke and L'Etenduère, 1747), 226 n.
Havana (1748), 224 n.
Minorca (1756), 218 n.
Quiberon (1759), 186, 312
Granada (1779), 258
Martinique (1780), 211, 227 n.
Chesapeake (1781), 212
Les Saintes (1782), 211-2, 237
First of June (1794), 256, 265, 283
St. Vincent (1797), 254, 265, 267
Camperdown (1797), 254, 266, 287
The Nile (1798), 262, 312
Copenhagen (1801), 264
Trafalgar (1805), 257, 264, 266, 282 et seq., 321-7, 335-42, 351-8
Berkley, Admiral Sir William, 116
Berry, Sir John, 169
Berry, Captain Edward, 262, 288
Bilboes, 33
Blake, Admiral Robert, 83-5, 92-9; orders of, 99-104
Boarding, 7, 13, 15, 42, 51, 59, 62, 68, 97, 119, 326
Boats in action, 10-13, 15, 89-90, 248, 275-6
Boscawen, Admiral Edward, 197, 203-4, 208, 210; his Additional Instructions, 219-25
Boswall, Captain, his translation of Hoste, 236 n., 287 n.
Boteler, Captain Nathaniel, on tactics, 27, 73-6
Breaking the line, see Line
Browne, Lieutenant G.L., 299
Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of, 33, 76
Byng, Admiral Sir George, 204, 218 n.
Cabins, 61
Calder, Admiral Sir Robert Bart., 294
Calthrops, 11
Captains, lists of, 65-6, 71
Captains, removal of, in action, 247, 274-5, 347
Carteret, Admiral Sir George, 121
Cartouches, 69
Cavalry tactics at sea, 7, 119
Cecil, Sir Edward, Viscount Wimbledon, 31, 49, 51-72, 73, 75, 83, 85
Changing station, see Station
Charles V, Emperor, 1, 18
Chasing, 43, 56, 60, 127-9, 155, 162, 204. See also General chase
Chaves, Alonso de, 1 et seq. 18-9, 52, 73, 75, 291, 296
Chaves, Hieronymus de, 2
Clearing for action, 41, 58, 62, 69
Clerk of Eldin, 235, 262, 265, 285, 326
Close action, 41, 68, 112, 159, 215, 220
Cochrane, Admiral Sir Alexander, 185, 326-7, 330-4
Codrington, Admiral Sir Edward, 295, 301-7
Collingwood, Admiral Lord, 283, 292, 295, et seq.; his memorandum, 323-30, 336-7
'Commander-in-chief,' 100 n.
Concentration, 142-5, 154 n., 177, 213, 228, and n., 259, 284, 330-4
By doubling, see Doubling;
On rear, see Rear-concentration
On van, 143-4, 213, 314-5
Confusing, 36, 144, 213, 284, 291, 315
Containing, 135-8, 214, 284, 297, 318-20, 325
By feinting, see Feints
Convoy, method of attacking, 219, 227, 288;
of protecting, 94
Corporal of the field, 40
Corps de réserve, see Réserve
Coventry, Sir William, 111, 114, 128, 133
Cowardice, see Captains, removal of
Cross-bows, 11
Crossing the T, 210, 221
Cruisers, 29, 71-3, 88-90, 99, 103-4, 109, 122, 125,152; duties of, in action, 151, 219, 251
Cruising formations, 209, 220, 228
Dartmouth, Admiral George Legge, first lord, 141; his instructions, 168-172, 177
Dartmouth MSS. 110, 133, 139
Deane, Admiral Richard, 93, 95
Decrès, 310
Defeat, 247
Debug, William Fielding, First Earl of, 49
Detached ships, 240, 244, 249, 269, 272-3, 276, 345
Disabled ships, 101, 103, 112-3, 123-4, 127, 146, 161-2, 192-3, 246-7,
274, 346-7;
question of following up, 224, 246, 273, 346
Disrobe, Colonel John, general at sea, 98;
orders of, 99-104
Discipline, 40, 43-5, 52-4, 58, 93
Dispersing, instructions for, 247, 275
Divisions, independent control of, 287-9, 294-6, 316-9, 323, 327. See also Sub squadrons; Order of battle
Doubling, 117, 179-85, 210, 236, 262, 326, 331-3.
Drake, Sir Francis, 17 n., 283; his sailing order, 29, 50
Duff, Captain George, 303
Demeanor, Vice-Admiral, 310
Duncan, Admiral Viscount, 254, 266, 287
Duodenal, Admiral the Earl of, 337
Tuques, Admiral Abraham, 164
Engaging, see Attack
Equalizing speed, 228, 241, 243, 269, 271, 273
Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of, 49
Essington, Rear-Admiral, 322
d'Estrées, Maréchal, 154 n., 179, 182
Etenduère, Admiral des Herbiers de l', 226 n.
Exmouth, Admiral Edward Pellew, Lord, 351 n.
Expeditional orders, 204-6
Feints, 302, 307-12
Fire discipline, 41-3, 51, 54, 60, 62, 68, 70, 103, 125, 159, 172, 245, 273, 346
Fire, precautions against, 37, 41, 54, 58-9, 70
Fireships, 89, 90, 103-4;
instructions for, 139, 149, 159-60, 172, 223-4, 227, 248 and n.,
250-1, 274-5
Flag, shifting the, 130, 141, 162 n., 248-9, 276, 345-6
Flags, squadronal, 16, 22-3, 55;
abolished, 251
Flagship as objective, 12, 15, 273. 317, 346.
See also Admiral, station of
Forcing, 227, 334
Foreign views of British tactics, 97-8, 118-9, 337-9
Frederick, Rear-Admiral, 254 n., 255
Frigates, see Cruisers
Galen, Admiral Johann van, 84
Galleys, tactics of, 6;
used with sailing ships, 18-24
Gambier, Admiral Lord, 322-3, 325;
his instructions, 327-8
Gambling, 43-4, 52
General chase, 130, 193, 221, 226
'General' for naval conmander-in-chief, 82, 93, 99
General Instructions, 268, 342
George of Denmark, Prince, 195
Gibraltar, 196, 225, 235-6
Glanville, Sir John, 63 n.
Gorges, Sir William, 32-5, 50
Grain, 101 and n.
Grappling, 7, 12, 248, 250
Grasse, Vice-Admiral Comte de, 238, 285-6
Graves, Admiral Lord, 212
Gravina, Admiral, 264
Greenwood, Jonathan, his signal book, 233 n.
Grenades, 11
Grenier, Vicomte de, his tactical treatise, 285
Group tactics, 50-1, 74, 85-7, 338
Guiche, Comte de, on English and Dutch tactics, 118-9
Guides, 239, 240-1, 278-9
Gunfire as basis of tactics, 120
Gunners and gun crews, 35, 62, 69.
See also Seamen gunners
Gunnery, 69, 97, 263.
See also Close action, and Fire discipline
Hand-guns, 11
Harpoons, 11
Harvey, Captain Eliab, 297, 310
Hawke, Lord, 116,209,210-1; his Additional Instructions, 217-8, 312
Hawkins, Sir Richard, 34
Henry VIII, 14, 18
Herbert, Admiral, See Torrington
Hill, General Lord, 292
Holmes, Admiral Sir Robert, 132 n.
Hood, Vice-Admiral Sir Samuel, 322
Hood, Viscount, 211-4; his additional signals, 228-9, 236-8, 255
Hope, Captain George, 295, 303, 320 n.
Hoste, Père Paul, his Evolutions Navales, 97-8, 113-4, 179-83, 225 n., 235-6, 257, 262-3, 308
Howard of Effingham, Lord, 27, 29
Howard, Sir Edward, 14
Howe, Earl, 184-5, 225 n.; as first lord, 233-8, 252 et seq., 262-5, 267; his great manoeuvre, 255-62, 265, 267, 287, 308, 311, 336
Hygiene, 44, 60
Initiative, 267-8, 279, 314. See also Divisions, independent control of
Intervals, 67, 113, 127, 158, 191, 220, 222-3, 244, 327-8, 330 n.
Jack-flag, 108 and n.
James II, 168. See also York, Duke of
Jervis, Admiral Sir John, Earl of St. Vincent, 254, 265-6
Jonquière, Admiral de la, 209
Jordan, Admiral Sir Joseph, 141, 155 n.
Keats, Admiral Sir Richard Goodwin, 290-2, 295-6, 304, 311, 322
Keith, Admiral Lord, 336, 341
Keppel, Admiral Augustus, Viscount, 235, 258
Knowles, Admiral Sir Charles, 1st bart. (ob. 1777), 224 n., 235,
258
Knowles, Admiral Sir Charles Henry, 2nd bart. (1754-1831), 185, 210,
235 n., 235-7, 257-8, 260-1
Landing, 16
Lasking, 171
Lawson, Admiral Sir John, 112
Lestock, Admiral, 188 n., 205-8
Lindsey, Robert Bertie, Earl of, 76-7, 85
Line. See also Orders of battle.
Abreast, 75, 107-9, 165-6, 220
Ahead, origin of, 28-36, 42, 59, 62, 82-7;
first instructions for, 92, 95-9, 100-2, 108-9, 124-6;
insistence on, 134-5, 149, 155, 159, 335-9;
close hauled, first use of, 113;
invented by English, 118-21
of bearing, see Quarter line
Breaking the, 114, 136-7, 142, 149, 153, 158 n., 169-70,
176-8, 182, 212, 229, 237, 289, 314-5, 324-5;
early objections to, 145, 153 n., 183-4, 256;
the two methods of, 255-62, 264-6, 279, 326-7, 330-3;
synonyms for, 261
Closing up, 192, 198, 241, 243
Equalising, 205, 219, 221, 227, 346.
See also Reserve, corps de
Forming, as convenient, 170-1, 221, 226, 277
Inverting, 226-7, 238, 331-2
Position of squadrons in, 239-40
Principles of, stated, 269, 342
Quitting the, 161, 193, 198, 247, 273-4.
See also Equalising
Early Spanish use of, 8-10;
early English, 28-36, 42, 59, 62
Reactions against, 115-6, 159 n., 186, 283-9, 335-9
Reduplication of, 118-9, 312-3, 338, 342 n., 352
Linstocks, 11
Lisle, John Dudley, Lord, 18-24, 291, 296
Louisbourg, 203
Love, Sir Thomas, 49-51, 61 n.
Macpherson, Alexander, 225
Malta, 164
Mathews, Admiral, 188 n., 190 n., 196, 205-8, 210
Medows, Captain Charles, 225
Mêlée, 259, 267, 291
Monck, George, Duke of Albemarle, 93-9; orders of, 99-104, 107, 111-5, 134-6
Monson, Sir William, on tactics, 76
Moore, Admiral Sir Graham, 336
Moorsom, Vice-Admiral Constantine, 298-9
Moorsom, Captain Robert, 298-9, 311 n.
Morogues, Bigot de, his Tactique navale, 171 n., 185, 285 n., 327
Mortemart, Duc de, 179
Moulton, Captain Robert, his seabook, 112, 126 n., 129 n., 151 n.
Musket-arrows, 34
Mutual support, 61, 67, 74, 85-6, 89, 91, 100-1, 123, 129, 172, 266-7, 283
Myngs, Admiral Sir Christopher, 136-7
Narbrough, Admiral Sir John, 164-7
Nelson, Admiral Lord, 116, 185, 214, 257, 259, 261, 266, 321-7, 335-42
His general orders (1798-1801), 264, 287-9
His memorandum (1803) 261, 280-1, 289-90, 313-6
His memorandum (1805), 272 n., 282-313, 316-20, 353-4
'Nelson touch,' the, 283, 293, 296, 299-313, 326
Norris, Admiral Sir John, 196, 206-7
Oar propulsion, 18-24
O'Bryen, Lieutenant Christopher, his translation of Hoste, 236 n.
Order of battle, forming, as convenient, 70-1
Orders of battle. Early Spanish, 8-10; English, 19-24, 50-1, 65 et seq,, 74-5; wedge-shaped, 9, 19; Baskerville's, 30; Boteler on, 73-6; crescent, 75, 94, 351; in two lines, 209, 214, 220, 226, 229, 285, 294-300, 305, 323; in three lines, 286, 289-296, 354
Order of sailing, 29, 50, 225 n., 235; as order of battle, 316, 322, 327, 340
Parisot, his account of Trafalgar, 310 n.
Pellew, Captain Israel, 299, 351 n.
Penn, Admiral Sir William, 81, 92, 96, 98, 135; orders of, 99-104, 114; his talk with Pepys, 120-1
Pepys, Samuel, 117 n., 120-1, 168-9
Perez de Grandallana, Don Domingo, 267
Pigot, Admiral Hugh, 212, 228-9 n., 237, 255, 260
Popham, Admiral Sir Home, 254, 335-6
Prayers, 33, 36, 52
Preparative signals, 269
Prizes, treatment of, 103, 112
Quarter line, 209, 216-7, 225, 242, 269-71, 344; at Trafalgar, 311-2
Quarters, 41-2, 58-9, 62, 69-70
Raking, 170, 221
Ralegh, Sir Walter, 27 et seq., 50
Rear-concentration, 143-4, 145 n., 180, 221, 226, 238, 249, 263, 289, 293, 310, 313-9, 330-3, 339-41
Repeating ships, 142, 199, 243, 271, 305 n., 308, 344
Réserve, Corps de, 205, 214, 219, 221, 227, 241, 243, 269, 272, 276,
331,
335. 345.
See also Equalising and Quitting the line
Reserve squadrons, 7, 12, 50-1, 67, 71
Retreat, order of, 94 and n., 165. See also Dispersing
Rockets as signals, 163 n.
Rodney, Lord, 184-5, 2O9, 211-3;
Additional Instructions used by, 225, 227 n., 228 n., 236-7,
255-62, 284-5, 287
Rooke, Admiral Sir George, 187, 195-9, 207
Rupert, Prince, 111-2, 115-7;
Instructions of, 129-30, 133-6, 159 n., 169
Russell, Admiral Edward, Earl of Orford, 175 et seq., 187-96,
233 n.
Ruyter, Admiral Michiel de, 87, 119, 156 n.
Sailing order, see Order of sailing
Sailors serving ashore, 37, 56
Sandwich, Edward Mountagu, Earl of, 82, 107-9, 111-2, 165
Saumarez, Admiral Lord de, 262
Scouts, see Cruisers
Sealed orders, 38
Seamen gunners, 35, 41
Ship-money fleets, 76-7
Ships, lists of, 20-2, 65-6, 71, 166
Achille, 352
Agamemnon, 301, 303-4, 311 n.
Anne Royal, 63, 65
Assurance, 81
Bahama, 352
Belleisle, 294, 300, 304, 357
Bellerophon, 300, 304, 305 n., 357
Britannia, 195, 354
Bucentaure, 309, 351
Colossus, 300-1, 303-6, 352, 357
Conqueror, 299,305 n., 351 n.
Defence, 295, 301, 303-4
Defiance, 305 n.
Dreadnought (1578), 65;
(1805), 354
Euryalus, 305 n., 308-9
Leviathan, 304, 351 n.
Marlborough, 253
Mars, 300-1, 303-6, 357
Neptune, 351 n.
Orion, 301-2, 304-5
Pembroke, 169
Polyphemus, 304
Prince, 354
Prince of Wales, 322
Queen Charlotte, 252
Redoutable, 309
Revenge, 298, 311 n.
Royal Catherine, 169
Royal Charles, 111, 128-9
Royal James, 112 n.
Royal Sovereign, 300, 357
St. George, 264
Santa Ana, 309
Santísima Trinidad, 309-10
Shannon, 225
Superb, 290
Swiftsure, 352
Téméraire, 300, 308, 310, 357
Vanguard, 287
Victory, 293, 299, 300, 305, 3O7-8, 357
Shot-holes, 62, 69
Shovell, Admiral Sir Clowdisley, 195, 198 n.
Sidmouth, Lord, 292, 295
Sign (for signal), 82
Signal books, introduction of, 233 and n., 234 and n.
Signal officers, 216, 299
Signals, early forms of, 10, 38, 54-8, 73;
improvements in, 242, 152 n., 155 n., 163 n., 233,
et seq., 254 n.;
numerical, 235
Slinging yards, 70
Smoke, tactical value of, 8, 10, 15, 16
Soldiers at sea, 35, 37, 41, 53, 56, 59,69; as admirals, 29-30, 49, 73-6, 96
Spain, orders adopted from, 18, 33 n., 41 n.
Spanish Armament, the (1790), 253
Squadronal organisation, 50-1, 55, 65-7, 73-4, 85-7, 186-9, 193-4, 322
Stanhope, Vice-Admiral, 322
Station, changing, 218, 226, 243, 276; keeping, 222, 224, 228, See also Line, quitting the
Stinkballs, 11
Strickland, Admiral Sir Roger, 169
Sub-squadrons, 50-1, 65-7, 85, 87, 322-3. See also Divisions
Tacking in succession, first signal for, 113, 127-8
Tactical exercises, 209, 253, 285 n.
Tactics, principles of, 283-4, 286.
See also Concentration, Confusing, Containing, Mutual support
Oscillations in, 178, 213
Dutch, 50, 66-7, 73, 85-7, 97-8, 114, 118-20, 313
French, 185, 258-9, 267-8, 285-6
Spanish, 267-8.
See also Chaves, Alonso de
Treatises on, see Hoste, Morogues, Clerk, Grenier, Knowles
Tangier, 168
Telegraphing, 254 n.
Tobacco smoking, 37
Torrington, Admiral Arthur Herbert, Earl of, 141, 177, 181, 187, 236
Toulouse, Comte de, 196
Tourville, Maréchal de, 179-181
Transports, 71
Tromp, Admiral Marten Harpertszoon, 83-7, 93-4; orders of, 91
Tromp, Admiral Cornelis Martenszoon, 118, 156 n.
Van, concentration on, 142-5, 154 n.
Vane, Sir Harry, 93
Vernon, Admiral, 205-7, 210; his Additional Instructions, 214-216
Villeneuve, Admiral, 264, 286, 308-9, 312-3, 342 n.
Walsh, Lieutenant John, his signal book, 253
Warren, Vice-Admiral Sir Peter, 285 n.
Weapons for close quarters, 11, 15
Weather-gage, 8, 15, 16, 23-4, 62, 68, 102, 114, 154, 238
Weft, waft or wheft, 89, 99
Wimbledon, see Cecil
Wing squadrons, 18-24, 73
With, Admiral Witte de, 86
Wren, Dr. Mathew, F.R.S., 133, 138-9
York, James, Duke of, 82; his instructions, 110-28, 133-63, 177; his school, 134-5, 178, 338; end of his career, 140
Zamorano, Roderigo, 4
Zante, 164, 167