THE WAR WITH MEXICO

BY THE SAME AUTHOR

The
Annexation of Texas

Octavo ix + 496 pages
By mail, postpaid, $3.00

This is the only work attempting to deal thoroughly with an affair that was intrinsically far more important than had previously been supposed, and was also of no little significance on account of its relation to the war with Mexico.

THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
PUBLISHERS

THE

WAR WITH MEXICO

JUSTIN H. SMITH

FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY
AT DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
AUTHOR OF “THE ANNEXATION OF TEXAS,” “OUR
STRUGGLE FOR THE FOURTEENTH COLONY,”
“ARNOLD’S MARCH FROM
CAMBRIDGE TO QUEBEC,”
ETC.

VOLUME II

New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1919

Norwood Press
J. S. Cushing Co.–Berwick & Smith Co.
Norwood, Mass., U.S.A.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME II

		PAGE
Maps and Plans in Volume II		[vii]
Conspectus of Events		[xi]
Pronunciation of Spanish		[xiii]
CHAPTER
XXI.	Behind the Scenes at Mexico	[1]
XXII.	Vera Cruz	[17]
XXIII.	Cerro Gordo	[37]
XXIV.	Puebla	[60]
XXV.	On to the Capital	[79]
XXVI.	Contreras and Churubusco	[99]
XXVII.	Negotiations	[120]
XXVIII.	Molino del Rey, Chapultepec and Mexico	[140]
XXIX.	Final Military Operations	[165]
XXX.	The Naval Operations	[189]
XXXI.	The Americans as Conquerors	[210]
XXXII.	Peace	[233]
XXXIII.	The Finances of the War	[253]
XXXIV.	The War in American Politics	[268]
XXXV.	The Foreign Relations of the War	[294]
XXXVI.	Conclusion	[310]
Notes on Volume II		[327]
Appendix (Lists of Sources)		[517]
Index		[563]

MAPS AND PLANS IN VOLUME TWO

As equally good sources disagree sometimes, a few inconsistencies are unavoidable. Numerous errors have been corrected. An asterisk indicates an unpublished source. Statements, cited in the notes, have also been used.

1.	The Fortress of San Juan de Ulúa in 1854	[21]
	From a *plan in the War Dept., Washington.
2.	Siege of Vera Cruz: General Plan	[24]
	From a map drawn by McClellan from surveys done by six American officers (N. Y. City Public Library); *a map drawn by order of Lieut. Col. Henry Wilson (War Dept., Washington).
3.	Siege of Vera Cruz: The American Works	[28]
	From a map drawn by Lieut. Foster, based on surveys of four American officers (War Dept., Washington).
4.	From Vera Cruz to Perote	[39]
	Based on a map issued by Manouvrier and Snell, New Orleans, 1847 (Papers of N. P. Trist).
5.	Contour Lines near Cerro Gordo	[40]
	From a *drawing in the War College, Washington.
6.	Battle of Cerro Gordo: General Map	[43]
	Based on a map drawn by Lieut. Coppée from the surveys of Maj. Turnbull and Capt. McClellan (Sen. Ex. Doc. 1; 30 Cong., 1 sess.); a map drawn by McClellan (Mass. Hist. Society); a sketch of a reconnaissance by Lieut. Tower (War Dept., Washington); Croquis de la Posición del campo de Cerro Gordo, 1847 (War Dept., Washington); a plan by I. A. de Soiecki (Vera Cruz City archives); and a *sketch by Lieut. Thos. Williams (among his letters).
7.	Battle of Cerro Gordo: Central Portion	[51]
	Based on the same sources as No. 6 supra.
8.	From Jalapa to Puebla	[61]
	Based on a Fomento Dept. map.
9.	Profile of the Route from Vera Cruz to Mexico	[62]
	From a map published by Manouvrier and Snell, New Orleans, 1847 (Papers of N. P. Trist).
10.	A Part of the Valley of Mexico	[80]
	From a map surveyed and drawn by Lieut. M. L. Smith and Bvt. Capt. Hardcastle (Sen. Ex. Doc. 11; 31 Cong., 1 sess.); and a map by Balbontín (Invasión Americana).
11.	Battles of August 19 and 20, 1847: General Map	[100]
	Based on a map drawn by Hardcastle from the surveys of Maj. Turnbull, Capt. McClellan and Lieut. Hardcastle (Sen. Ex. Doc. 1; 30 Cong., 1 sess.); the Smith and Hardcastle map (No. 10 supra); a *map drawn by Capt. Barnard from the surveys of Capt. Mason and Lieuts. Beauregard, McClellan, and Foster (War Dept., Washington); a map drawn by Hardcastle from the surveys of Mason and Hardcastle (Sen. Ex. Doc. 1; 30 Cong., 1 sess.); a map in Apuntes; and a map drawn by McClellan (Mass. Hist. Society).
12.	Battle of Contreras	[108]
	Based on the Turnbull map (No. 11 supra); a plan of Capt. Gardner (Pierce Papers); notes by Capt. Henshaw on a map by Hardcastle (Mass. Hist. Society); a sketch by Lieut. Collins, 4th Artillery (Collins Papers); New Orleans Picayune*, Sept. 12, 1847; a plan by Balbontín (Invasión Americana); and a map in Apuntes.
13.	Battle of Churubusco	[111]
	Based on the Turnbull map (No. 11 supra); a map drawn by Hardcastle from the surveys of Mason and Hardcastle (Sen. Ex. Doc. 1; 30 Cong., 1 sess.); and a sketch by Balbontín (“Invasión Americana”).
14.	The Tête de Pont, Churubusco	[112]
	*Drawn by Lieuts. Beauregard and Tower from Beauregard’s survey (War Dept., Washington).
15.	Profile of East Curtain, Tête de Pont, Churubusco	[113]
	*Drawn by Beauregard from the surveys of Lieuts. McClellan, Beauregard, and Foster (War Dept., Washington).
16.	The Fortifications of Churubusco Convent	[114]
	*Drawn by Beauregard and Tower from Beauregard’s survey (War Dept., Washington).
17.	Battles of Mexico: General Map	[141]
	Based on a map drawn by Hardcastle from the surveys of Turnbull, McClellan, and Hardcastle (Sen. Ex. Doc. 1; 30 Cong., 1 sess.); and a map drawn by McClellan and Hardcastle (published by the government).
18.	Battle of Molino del Rey	[143]
	Based on the maps specified under No. 17 supra;a sketch by Hardcastle (Sen. Ex. Doc. 1; 30 Cong., 1 sess.); and a sketch in New Orleans Picayune, Oct. 17, 1847.
19.	Battle of Chapultepec	[150]
	Based upon the maps specified under No. 17 supra; a sketch drawn by Tower from surveys of Beauregard and Tower (War Dept., Washington); a plan accompanying Gen. Quitman report (Sen. Ex. Doc. 1; 30 Cong., 1 sess.); recollections of Señor D. Ignacio Molina, Chief Cartographer of the Fomento Dept., Mexico.
20.	Blindage at Chapultepec	[151]
21.	The Citadel, Mexico, in 1840 (War Dept. *plan, Washington)	[159]
22.	Alvarado, Mexico	[198]
	A *plan by J. L. Mason (War Dept., Washington).
23.	A Part of Tabasco River	[205]
	Based on a map in Ho. Ex. Doc. 1; 30 Cong., 2 sess.
24.	Guaymas, Mexico	[206]
	From a plan in Ho. Ex. Doc. 1; 30 Cong., 2 sess.
25.	Mazatlan, Mexico	[207]
	From a drawing by Commander Wouldridge of Brigantine Spy* (Admiralty Papers, Public Record Office, London).
26.	The Tip of Lower California	[207]
	Based on a map in Sen. Ex. Doc. 18; 31 Cong., 1 sess.
27.	Territory acquired from Mexico	[241]

CONSPECTUS OF EVENTS

1845
March.		The United States determines to annex Texas; W. S. Parrott sent to conciliate Mexico.
July.		Texas consents; Taylor proceeds to Corpus Christi.
Oct.	17.	Larkin appointed a confidential agent in California.
Nov.	10.	Slidell ordered to Mexico.
Dec.	20.	Slidell rejected by Herrera.
1846
Jan.	13.	Taylor ordered to the Rio Grande.
Mar.	8.	Taylor marches from Corpus Christi.
21.		Slidell finally rejected by Paredes.
28.		Taylor reaches the Rio Grande.
Apr.	25.	Thornton attacked.
May	8.	Battle of Palo Alto.
9.		Battle of Resaca de la Palma.
13.		The war bill becomes a law.
June	5.	Kearny’s march to Santa Fe begins.
July	7.	Monterey, California, occupied.
14.		Camargo occupied.
Aug.	4.	Paredes overthrown.
7.		First attack on Alvarado.
13.		Los Angeles, California, occupied.
16.		Santa Anna lands at Vera Cruz.
18.		Kearny takes Santa Fe.
19.		Taylor advances from Camargo.
Sept.	14.	Santa Anna enters Mexico City.
20–24.		Operations at Monterey, Mex.
22–23.		Insurrection in California precipitated.
23.		Wool’s advance from San Antonio begins.
25.		Kearny leaves Santa Fe for California.
Oct.	8.	Santa Anna arrives at San Luis Potosí.
Oct.	15.	Second attack on Alvarado.
24.		San Juan Bautista captured by Perry.
28.		Tampico evacuated by Parrodi.
29.		Wool occupies Monclova.
Nov.	15.	Tampico captured by Conner.
16.		Saltillo occupied by Taylor.
18.		Scott appointed to command the Vera Cruz expedition.
Dec.	5.	Wool occupies Parras.
6.		Kearny’s fight at San Pascual.
25.		Doniphan’s skirmish at El Brazito.
27.		Scott reaches Brazos Id.
29.		Victoria occupied.
1847
Jan.	3.	Scott orders troops from Taylor.
8.		Fight at the San Gabriel, Calif.
9.		Fight near Los Angeles, Calif.
11.		Mexican law regarding Church property.
28.		Santa Anna’s march against Taylor begins.
Feb.	5.	Taylor places himself at Agua Nueva.
19.		Scott reaches Tampico.
22–23.		Battle of Buena Vista.
27.		Insurrection at Mexico begins.
28.		Battle of Sacramento.
Mar.	9.	Scott lands near Vera Cruz.
29.		Vera Cruz occupied.
30.		Operations in Lower California opened.
Apr.	8.	Scott’s advance from Vera Cruz begins.
18.		Battle of Cerro Gordo; Tuxpán captured by Perry.
19.		Jalapa occupied.
May	15.	Worth enters Puebla.
June	6.	Trist opens negotiations through the British legation.
16.		San Juan Bautista again taken.
Aug.	7.	The advance from Puebla begins.
20.		Battles of Contreras and Churubusco.
Aug. 24–Sept. 7. Armistice.
Sept.	8.	Battle of Molino del Rey.
13.		Battle of Chapultepec; the “siege” of Puebla begins.
14.		Mexico City occupied.
22.		Peña y Peña assumes the Presidency.
Oct.	9.	Fight at Huamantla.
20.		Trist reopens negotiations.
Nov.	11.	Mazatlán occupied by Shubrick.
1848
Feb.	2.	Treaty of peace signed.
Mar.	4–5.	Armistice ratified.
10.		Treaty accepted by U. S. Senate.
May	19, 24.	Treaty accepted by Mexican Congress.
30.		Ratifications of the treaty exchanged.
June	12.	Mexico City evacuated.
July	4.	Treaty proclaimed by President Polk.