FOOTNOTES:
[410] The names of many have been lost, owing to the incompleteness of the records, or to the fact that no profession is indicated. A few are known from other sources to have been schoolmasters or private tutors; cp. Huguenot Society Publications, vol. x., Returns of Aliens dwelling in London; vols. viii., xviii., Letters of Denization.
[411] Evrard Erail, Onias Ganeur, Charles Bod, Robert Fontaine, Charles Darvil d'Arras, Jean Vaquerie, Baudouin Mason, and Adrian Tresol (Schickler, Églises du Refuge, i. p. 124). Of these names only that of Robert Fontaine is found in the Returns of Aliens. Charles Darvil and Adrian Tresol are again mentioned in connexion with the Church in 1564. Baudouin Mason received letters of denization in 1565, and Adrian Tresol, a Netherlander, in 1562. In 1571 there were three other schoolmasters connected with the Church: Adrian Tressel, John Preste of Rouen, and Nicolas Langlois or Inglish. All these, however, are mentioned in the Returns of Aliens.
[412] Schickler, op. cit. i. p. 182.
[413] Returns of Aliens, Hug. Soc. Pub. x. pt. ii. pp. 228, 335.
[414] Duc d'Alençon, who died in 1584.
[415] Printed by Henry Dizlie for Thomas Purfoote. Reprinted by T. Spiro in the Neudrucke frühneuenglischer Grammatiken, herausgegeben von R. Brotanek, Bd. 7, Halle, 1912. It contains 75 pages, 8vo.
[416] Bellot's name does not occur in the Registers (vol. i., Lymington, 1908).
[417] 16º, pp. 80.
[418] Stationers' Register, 19th February 1588.
[419] Hazlitt, Handbook, 1867, p. 36.
[420] Perhaps he was a member of the La Motte Fouqué family whose name became so closely connected with the Protestant cause in France. In 1551 René La Motte left Saintonge and went to Normandy, where he died, leaving two sons and three daughters. Cp. Crottet, History of the Reformed Church in Saintonge, quoted by T. F. Sanxay, The Sanxay Family, 1907.
[421] "Estant donc refugié a l'ombre favorable du Sceptre de sa serenissime majesté, qui est le vray port de retraicte et asyle asseuré de ceux qui faisans profession de l'Evangile souffrent ores persecution soubs la Tyrannie de l'Antichrist, j'ay tasché de tout mon pouvoir de faire en sorte par mes labeurs que ceste noble Nation qui maintenant nous sert de mere et de nourrice peust tirer quelque proffit d'iceux, afin que par ce moyen je peusse eviter le vice enorme de l'ingratitude. . . . Or entre toutes les belles et rares vertus dont la Noblesse angloise se rend tant renommée par tout le monde, admirée des estrangiers, et honorée en son pays, est l'Estude des bonnes lettres, et cognoissance des langues, qui leur sont si familieres et communes qu'il s'en trouve peu parmi eux, non seulement entre les Seigneurs et Gentilhommes, qui n'en parlent trois ou quatre pour le moins, mais aussi entre les Dames et Damoiselles, exercise veritablement louable, par lequel toute vertu s'honore et se rend immortelle et sans lequel nulle autre n'est parfait ni digne d'estre aucunement estimé. Or c'est ce qui, outre la singuliere affection que naturellement ils portent aux estrangers et la grande courtoisie dont ils ont a coustume de les traicter, leur faict faire tant d'estat des François, si bien qu'il y en a fort peu qui n'en ait un avec soy."
[422] Who first went to Oxford in 1587. Foster, Alumni Oxonienses, ad nom.
[423] Containing the rarest Sentences, Proverbs, Parables, Similies, Apothegmes and Golden sayings of the most excellent French Authors as well Poets as Orators.
[424] Arber, Register of the Company of Stationers, ii. 614. Miss Farrer in her book on Holyband takes this entry, l'Alphabet François avec le Tresor de la langue françoise, to refer to another edition of Holyband's Treasurie, which, she assumes, was prevented and superseded by the publication of his dictionary in 1592.
[425] Field was born at Stratford in the same year as Shakespeare; cp. S. Lee, Life of Shakespeare, pp. 42 et seq.
[426] A Dictionary of Printers and Booksellers, 1557-1640, Bibliog. Soc., 1910: Index of London Addresses.
[427] 1625, 1631, 1633, 1639, 1647.
[428] In 1626 the work was made over to Miller by Field's widow. Arber, Transcript, iv. 157.
[429] How closely, may be judged by comparing the following selection with the description of Holyband's rules on p. 142, supra.
| How do you pronounce g before n? | Comment prononcez vous g devant n? |
| Gn is hardly pronounced by Englishmen. | Gn se prononce difficilement par les Anglois. |
| Notwithstanding if they will take heed how they do pronounce minion ... it will be more easy for them to pronounce it: for though we do write the selfesame words with gn, neverthelesse there is small difference between their pronunciation and ours: let them take heed only to sound g in the same syllable that n is, and then they shall not finde any hardnesse in his pronunciation, as mignon ... mi-gnon. | Toutesfois s'ils veulent prendre garde comment ils prononcent minion, onion, companion, il leur sera plus aisé de le prononcer: car encore que nous escrivions ces mesmes mots par gn, neantmoins il y a peu de difference de leur prononciation a la nostre: seulement qu'ils prennent garde à mettre g en la mesme syllable que n, et ils ne trouveront aucune difficulté en sa prononciation, comme mi-gnon. . . . |
[430] "Et pourroit a bon droict estre comparé a quelques vieilles masures d'un bastiment où il a tant creu de ronces et espines, qu'à grand peine il apert que jamais il y ait eu de maisons. Car devant qu'on eust trouvé l'imprimerie, on l'a tant de fois coppié, et chaque écrivain l'escrivant à la fantaisie et ne retenant l'orthographe françoise, que maintenant il semble qu'il n'y ait presque langage plus esloigné du vray François que ce François de vos loix."
[431] Bellot frequently refers to the gent hargneuse and the "aiguillons envenimez des langues qui se plaisent à detracter les œuvres d'autruy et qui deprisent tout ce qui n'est tiré de leurs boutiques, iaçoit que souvente fois leur estofe ne soit que biffes et hapelourdes."
[432] Returns of Aliens, Hug. Soc. Pub. x. pt. i. pp. xii, xiv.
[433] And again: "Or vous noterés qu'en tous les noms terminés en ent, t n'est pas exprimé en la fin: quant aux verbes, il est prononcé, mais bien doucement: donnés vous donc garde d'ensuivre en ceci les Bourgignons qui expriment leur t si fort que de deux syllabes ilz en font trois: comme quand nous disons ils mangent . . . le Walon dira; ilz mangete." And yet again: "Sounde ch as sh in English: you shall not follow in this the Picard or Bourgignions, for they doo pronounce ch like k, say kien for chien."
[434] French was widely used in the Spanish Netherlands, and there was hardly any opening for the teaching of any of the Germanic languages in England at this early time, when they were only learnt in exceptional cases. There were no doubt a few such teachers, here and there. We are told that in London "there be also teachers and professors of the Holy or Hebrew language, of the Caldean, Syriack or Arabicke or Tartary Languages, of the Italian, Spanish, French, Dutch and Polish Tongues. And here be they which can speake the Persian and the Morisco, and the Turkish and the Muscovian Language, and also the Sclavonian tongue, which passeth through seventeen nations. And in divers other languages fit for Ambassadors and Orators, and Agents for Merchants, and for Travaylors and necessarie for all commerce or Negociation whatsoever." Buck, The Third Universitie of England, 1619, ch. xxxvii. "Of Languages." The earliest work for teaching Dutch to Englishmen was probably the Dutch Tutor of 1660; cp. F. Watson, Modern Subjects, ch. xv. John Minsheu taught a number of languages in London, and wrote a Ductor in Linguas (1617), in eleven languages.
[435] Hug. Soc. Pub. x. pt. ii. p. 81.
[436] Returns of Aliens, Hug. Soc. Pub. x. pt. i. p. xi.
[437] Moens, The Walloons and their Church at Norwich, Hug. Soc. Pub. i. p. 90.
[438] Cal. State Papers, Dom., Addenda, 1580-1625, p. 294.
[439] Victoria County Histories: Suffolk, ii. p. 317.
[440] Apologie for Schoolmasters.
[441] Sm. 4to, pp. 1-60, and 17-173. Printed by J. Wolfe. Licence dated 18 Dec. 1592. Preface dated 18 April 1593.
[442] Born 1574; at Oxford in 1588.
[443] Bellot, in his quality of "gentleman," compares his labours to those of Diogenes rolling his tub up and down a hill, in order not to be idle while the Corinthians were busy preparing to defend their city against Philip of Macedon. Eliote takes up the theme and turns it to ridicule.
[444] The first part is paged from 1 to 60, and has signatures A-L in fours. In Eliote's first booke the pagination begins afresh at p. 17 and continues to p. 175 at the end of the work: it has signatures c-y in fours.
[445] Palsgrave had accompanied his French quotations with similar indications:
"Au diziesme an de mon doulant exil
Avdiziemavndemoundoulauntezil."
[446] He announces his intention of producing a book called De Natura et Arte Linguae Gallicae.
[447] Advice given by a Catholike gentleman to the Nobilitie & Commons of France, Lond., 1589; Newes sent unto the Lady Princesse of Orange, 1589; Discourses of Warre and single combat ... from the French of B. de Loque, 1591.
[448] Foster, Alumni Oxon., ad nom.