FOOTNOTES:
[882] Discourse in derision of the Teaching in Free Schools, 1644.
[883] One John Gifford, for instance, obtained permission to spend seven years in France in order to educate his family there (Cal. State Papers, Dom., 1623-25, p. 282). Mr. Storey sent his grandson Starky to France to learn the language (ibid., 1649-50, p. 535).
[884] Cal. State Papers, Dom., 1654, p. 427. Care was taken to prevent English students abroad from going to Roman Catholics; in 1661 Francis Cottington made a successful application for the remission of a forfeiture he incurred by going to Paris without a licence and living three months in the house of a Papist (Cal. State Papers, Dom., 1661-62, p. 566).
[885] Memoirs of the Verney Family, i. pp. 477, 497.
[886] Among the books he read were Monluc's Commentaires, the Secrétaire à la mode, and the Secrétaire de la cour (Memoirs of the Verney Family, iii. p. 80).
[887] Memoirs, iii. p. 66.
[888] An Edict of 1683 restricted the number of such pupils allowed to French pastors to two.
[889] An account of the schools of the French Protestants is given by M. Nicolas in the Bulletin de l'Histoire du Protestantisme français, vol. iv. pp. 497 et seq.
[890] Cp. pp. 233 sqq., supra. The names of many famous families are found in the registers of Geneva University—the Pembrokes, Montagus, Cavendishes, Cecils, etc. Borgeaud, L'Académie de Genève, p. 442.
[891] Memoirs, i. p. 358.
[892] Verney Memoirs, vol. i. p. 358.
[893] Cal. of State Papers, Dom., 1661-62, p. 283.
[894] Ibid., 1656-56, pp. 182, 188, 281, 288, 316.
[895] Savile Correspondence, Camden Society, 1858, pp. 80, 71 sqq., 228.
[896] When the Academy of Saumur was suppressed in 1684, the town lost about two-thirds of its inhabitants.
[897] Locke was one of those who went to the South of France "carrying a cough with him"; cp. his Journal in King, Life of Locke ... with Extracts from his ... Journal, 1830, i. pp. 86 sqq., Nov. 1675-March 1679.
[898] Cal. State Papers, Dom., 1667-68, p. 69.
[899] New Instructions to the Guardian, 1694, p. 101.
[900] Cooper, Annals of Cambridge, iv. 184.
[901] New Instructions to the Guardian, 1694, p. 101.
[902] The Compleat Gentleman or Directions for the Education of Youth as to their breeding at home and Travelling Abroad, 1687, pp. 33 sqq.
[903] Eliote seems to have been the first to have described the Grand Tour—in his grammar, Ortho-Epia Gallica (1593). Sherwood followed his example in 1625. After the middle of the century such dialogues assume a more educational and guide-like and less descriptive form.
[904] Lister, A Journey to Paris in the year 1698, p. 2. Lister had previously visited France in about 1668. In 1698 he visited the aged Mlle. de Scudéry and the Daciers, and frequented the French theatres.
[905] Second edition, 1657.
[906] London, 1656. Another edition appeared in 1673, entitled The Voyage of France, or a compleat Journey through France.
[907] As in A Tour in France and Italy made by an English Gentleman (J. Clenchy), 1675 and 1676, reprinted in A Collection of Voyages, 1745, vol. i.; and Remarks on the Grand Tour of France and Italy lately performed by a person of quality (W. Bromley), 1692 and 1693 (when it was entitled Remarks made in Travels through France and Italy with many public inscriptions. Lately undertaken by a Person of Quality). Cp. pp. 220 sqq., supra.
[908] For instance: Le Guide des chemins pour aller et venir par tous les pays et contrées du Royaume de France . . . par C. Estienne, Paris, 1552, 1553; Lyons, 1556. Les Antiquitez et Recherches des Villes, chasteaux, et places plus remarquables de toute la France, 6e éd., 1631. L. Coulon, Le fidèle conducteur pour le voyage de France montrant exactement les Routes et choses remarquables qui se trouvent en chaque ville, et les distances d'icelles avec un dénombrement des Batailles qui s'y sont données, Paris, 1654.
[909] As Le Guide Fidelle des étrangers dans le voyage de France, Paris, 1672 (by Aloide de St. Maurice); Les Délices de la France ou description des provinces et villes capitales d'icelles, Leyde, 1685; Le Gentilhomme étranger voyageant en France, par le baron G.D.N., 1699—borrowed, without acknowledgement, from Le Guide Fidelle of 1672. Cp. A. Babeau, Les Voyageurs en France depuis la Renaissance jusqu'à la Révolution, Paris, 1885, chapter v.
[910] By La Serre. The former, which first appeared in 1625, went through fifty editions.
[911] Lockier, in Spense's Anecdotes, 1820, p. 75.
[912] Journal, p. 89.
[913] Riding on horseback was the more usual mode of travelling, the horses being hired from town to town; cp. Locke's Journal, p. 149. Wherever possible, travellers went from one town to another by water—as from one of the Loire towns to another.
[914] The Memoirs of M. du Val ... intended as a severe reflexion on the too great fondness of English ladies towards French valets which at that time was a common complaint, London, 1670, Harleian Miscellany, iii. p. 308.
[915] Spared Houres of a Souldier, 1623.
[916] Moryson mentions Orleans as a good town; Edward Leigh, Blois and Orleans (Foelix Consortium, 1663); Evelyn, Blois and Bourges; Lookier, Orleans and Caen.
[917] Epistolae Ho-Elianae, 9th ed., 1726, p. 38.
[918] Heylyn, Voyage of France, 1673, p. 294.
[919] He kept a diary in Latin (1648-50); cf. Wood, Athenae Oxon. (Bliss), iii. 901.
[920] Gailhard, The Compleat Gentleman, 1678.
[921] Who, in his Ludus Literarius, urges boys to practise speaking Latin "to fit them if they shall go beyond the seas, as Gentlemen who go to travel, Factors for merchants, and the like."
[922] He tells us that at Rouen the English usually went to an inn kept by a certain Mr. Madde; at Dieppe, Madame Godard's house was very popular; at Paris, the best hotel was the "Ville de Venize." At Orleans, good lodging was found at the "Croix Blanche," kept by one M. Richard, and at the house of M. Marishall Laisné.
[923] J. Rutledge, Mémoire sur le caractère, et les mœurs des Français comparés à ceux des Anglais, 1776, p. 55.
[924] Vairasse was born c. 1630, probably at Allais.
[925] Another grammar of similar intent was that of Ruau, La vraie methode d'enseigner la langue françoise aux estrangers expliquée en Latin, Paris, 1687.
[926] Epistolae Ho-Elianae, 9th ed., 1726, p. 283.
[927] Instructions for forreine travel, 1642, ed. Arber, 1869, pp. 19 sqq.
[928] Bacon had many years before advised the traveller to keep a diary: and further "let him sequester himself from the company of his countrymen, and diet in such places where there is a good company of the nation where he travaileth" (Essay on Travel).
[929] A Huguenot boy of about sixteen was considered a suitable valet (Lainé, French Grammar, 1650).
[930] I.e. Théophile de Viau.
[931] St. Maurice, Guide Fidelle, 1672.
[932] Limberman or the Kind Keeper, Act I. Sc. 1.
[933] On Education. Miscellaneous Works, 1751, pp. 322-3.
[934] Satire against the French, 1691.
[935] Webb, The Penns and Penningtons of the Seventeenth Century in their Domestic and Religious Life, 1867, p. 154.
[936] Gibbon, on the contrary, was sent to the house of a pastor of Lausanne, in the hope that he would abjure the doctrines of Roman Catholicism, which he had affected at the same University.
[937] Diary, August 26 and 27, 1664; August 30, 1664.
[938] D. Fordyce, Dialogues on Education, 1745, i. p. 417.
[939] The Compleat Education of a Young Nobleman, 1723, pp. 13 and 14.
[940] Costeker, op. cit. pp. 50-51.
[941] Memoirs of Sir John Reresby, 1634-1689, London, 1875, pp. 26 sqq., and Memoirs and Travels of Sir John Reresby, London, 1904, p. 21.
[942] Travelling by boat on the Loire, as was usual, and passing by Tours. They were accompanied by a band of French men and women who, says Reresby, tried to make the journey more pleasant by singing, and made it less so.