INDEX

Printed in the United States of America.

[1]. Martim Affonso’s capitania, then the most southern part of Portuguese territory, had one hundred leagues of coastline, with headquarters at S. Vicente; next came Santo Amaro (Itamaracá) and Parahyba do Sul (present Rio de Janeiro State); Espirito Santo; Porto Seguro; Ilhéos, stretching up to the south of the Bahia; Bahia itself, running from the Bay to the mouth of the S. Francisco river; Pernambuco; Maranhão, divided into 3 captaincies of which two, totalling 150 leagues, went to João de Barros, the third, of 75 leagues, to Fernão Alvares de Andrade; most northerly came Ceará.

[2]. Calculation of the Brazilian historian Theodoro Sampaio.

[3]. Brazilian historians differ as to dates, but Southey says that the first discovery of gold in Matto Grosso was made in 1734 by Antonio Fernandez de Abreu.

[4]. Portugal swallowed her loss without much protest, there was no serious excitement in Brazil, and the Portuguese troops stationed in Brazil were shipped home without violence from more than one district.

[5]. Bought by the Rio Jornal do Commercio company at end of 1916 and now published as the Jornal do Commercio de São Paulo.

[6]. There is another railroad running off from Santos. It does not attempt the Serra, but follows the flat coast to Itanhaen port, and then turns a few miles inland, passing Prainha, until junction is effected with the Iguape river. Boats sail down from this point to Iguape port, notable as the scene of settlement of Japanese rice growers a few years ago.

[7]. The Continental Products Company: capital and personnel came from the Sulzberger house in Chicago.

[8]. Message of Dr. Altino Arantes to the S. Paulo Legislature, July 14, 1916:

“Foreign capital flowed here in search of convenient employment, but, instead of being destined to new enterprises in the development of the great latent wealth of our State, it was localized in railways already prosperous, whose income and control are by way of being totally alienated, with grave prejudice and serious threats to the future of our State....

“It would be, in truth, blamable want of foresight to allow what is our own to pass to strange hands, when we created it at the cost of our best efforts, constituting thus the most worthy exemplification of our industry and our energy.”

[9]. Government: South of Pernambuco, Pernambuco Central, Paulo Affonso.

English: Conde d’Eu, Recife and São Francisco, Central Alagôas, Natal and Nova Cruz. The Conde d’Eu dated from 1857.

[10]. For details of extreme interest in this connection, see A Madeira-Mamoré by Julio Nogueira, printed by the Jornal do Commercio press of Rio in 1913, and A Crise da Borracha, by Eloy de Souza, printed by the Imprensa Nacional, Rio, in 1915.

[11]. 32 to 36 milreis for the first year and 40 afterwards, for Type Seven beans.

[12]. Alqueire = 40 litres: Farinha = flour (of mandioca).

[13]. Professor Green says that he found one of these tree cottons in Rio Grande do Norte, of the Mocó variety, sixteen years old and still yielding beautiful cotton.

[14]. In 1915 Brazil imported 805,000 barrels of American flour, 56% of the total and 605,000 barrels from the Argentine, or 41%, the remaining 4% coming from Uruguay; at the same time she imported 14,000,000 bushels of wheat, of which nearly 12,000,000 came from Argentina and about 2,000,000 from the United States. This wheat, at five bushels to the barrel, made another 2,750,000 barrels of flour, and the total Brazilian consumption may be reckoned at about 4,200,000 barrels of wheat-flour of foreign, plus 407,000 of native, origin. The c. i. f. price of United States flour in Brazil in 1915 averaged $7.49 a barrel, while Argentine was able to deliver hers, c. i. f., for $5.28.

[15]. Dr. Costa Pinto reckons over 58,500 tons; he counts 49,648 looms and 1,464,218 spindles, each spindle taking 40 kilos of cotton annually.

[16]. Bertholettia excelsa.

[17]. Refusal to accept its own paper would of course have had the immediate effect of dangerously depressing all Government issues.

[18]. There are in existence small copper coins, relics of the day long past when less than a hundred reis would buy something, but they are not in circulation because they have no purchasing power. The post office sometimes presents them as change for some fraction of 100 reis, and the recipient usually puts them into the hand of the first mendicante encountered outside.

[19]. Since 1916 half a dozen Federal or State loans have been made to Brazil, successfully floated by New York financial houses.

[20]. Brazil Railways securities are listed in dollars because the company which bought up or leased a number of European-constructed enterprises, was, although financed entirely with French, Belgian and British money, registered in the State of Maine.

[21]. Five years.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

PageChanged fromChanged to
[166]between 15,000,000 “Foreign” and 10,000 Brazilianbetween 15,000,000 “Foreign” and 10,000,000 Brazilian
[293]million pounds sterling, fifteen hundred lives, is said tomillion pounds sterling, fifteen hundred livres, is said to