The League of Nations and Its Problems: Three Lectures

by L. Oppenheim

INDEX

• Administration of Justice by International Courts, difficulties of, [62];
  • maintenance of tradition of, [67];
  • permanent institution for the, [61].
• Aims of the League of Nations defined, [23], [28], [35-36].
• Article 8 of the Hague Convention concerning the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, [70].
• Article 23(h) of the Hague Regulations concerning Land Warfare, [45-55];
  • controversy respecting interpretation of, [45];
  • correspondence respecting, with Foreign Office, [48-55].
• Autocratic Government, [11].

• Belgium, [37], [66].
• Bodin, [76].
• Bonfils on Article 23(h) of the Hague Regulations concerning Land Warfare, [49].
• Bordwell on Article 23(h) of the Hague Regulations concerning Land Warfare, [50].
• British Empire, [13], [20].
• Bryan Peace Treaties, [71].
• Bryce, Lord, scheme of, [36].

• Central Powers, the, are they to become members of the League of Nations? [17], [36];
  • necessity for utter defeat of, [15], [37].
• Colonies, wars for the acquisition of, [10].
• Complex cases of dispute, how to settle, [68].
• Congress of Vienna, [30], [42].
• Constitutional Government, [10], [11];
  • necessity for, [19].
• Court of Appeal, International, [66], [67], [69];
  • manning of, [64].
• Court of Arbitration, establishment of International, [61].
• Court of First Instance, International, [64];
  • manning of, [66].
• Crucée, Emeric, [9].

• Davis, General, on Article 23(h) of the Hague Regulations concerning Land Warfare, [51].
• Democracy, [10], [11].
• Dickinson, scheme of Sir Willoughby, [36].
• Disarmament, [21], [74].
• Dubois, Pierre, [8].
• Dynastic wars, [10].

• Engagements of the members of the League of Nations, security for fulfilment of, [79].
• Equality, of States, [33], [39];
  • of the votes at Hague Peace Conferences, [38].

• Family, the, a product of natural development, [10].
• Family of Nations, political hegemony of the Great Powers within the, [31].
• Federal World State, A, [18-20];
  • demanded by Pacifists, [31];
  • why not possible, [19].
• Foreign Office, letter of, to Professor Oppenheim concerning Article 23(h), [52-55].

• German Confederation, civil war within the, [32].
• German Weissbuch on Article 23(h) of the Hague Regulations concerning Land Warfare, [51], [54], [55].
• Germany, is she to become a member of the League of Nations? [17], [36];
  • necessity for the utter defeat of, [15], [37].
• Great Powers, [30], [66];
  • power and influence of the, [29-31].
• Greece, city States of ancient, [7].
• Gregory on Article 23(h) of the Hague Regulations concerning Land Warfare, [50].
• Grey, Earl, [5], [52], [53], [55].
• Grotians, the School of, [62].
• Grotius, Hugo, [9].

• Hague Convention concerning the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, Article 8 of, [70].
• Hague Peace Conferences, [34];
  • method of legislating by, [45];
  • the work of, obstructed by some States, [38];
  • standing council of, proposed, [39];
  • starting point of organisation of League of Nations by, [36], [39];
  • votes of States of equal value at, [38].
• Hague Regulations concerning Land Warfare, controversy respecting interpretation of Article 23(h) of, [45].
• Henry IV of France, [9], [78].
• Holland, Professor, on Article 23(h) of the Hague Regulations concerning Land Warfare, [50].

• Independence of States, what it is, [33], [77].
• International Army and Navy, why impossible, [6], [18], [20-22], [41].
• International Case Law, [64].
• International Council of Conciliation, [28], [40], [69];
  • scheme for the establishment of, [72-74];
  • starting points for, [70].
• International Court of Appeal, [66], [67];
  • a necessity, [63];
  • manning of, [64].
• International Court of First Instance, [64];
  • manning of proposed bench to serve as, [64].
• International Court of Justice, [18], [28], [65-68];
  • manning of, [65];
  • proposed permanent bench of, [65], [66];
  • proposed special benches of, for different cases, [66].
• International Courts, claims of all States in manning of, [64];
  • difficulties of manning of, [65];
  • precedents of, [64].
• International Executive, why impossible, [19], [41].
• International Government, why impossible, [19].
• International Law, a book law at present, [43];
  • and League of Nations interdependent, [6], [33];
  • complied with often without Courts, [60];
  • grew by custom during Middle Ages, [8];
  • not in being in antiquity, [6];
  • progress of, [33], [35], [38];
  • universal and general, difference between, [44].
• International Legislation, [38], [41-48];
  • a by-product only in the past, [42];
  • difficulties of, created by conflicting interests of States, [44];
  • difficulties of, created by different methods of interpretation and construction, [45];
  • difficulties of, created by the fact that a majority vote cannot create a statute, [44];
  • difficulties of, created by the language question, [43];
  • meaning of the term, [41];
  • possible even without International Courts, [42], [60];
  • possible only by agreement of all the States, [42];
  • wide field open for, [43].
• International Statutes, cannot be created by majority vote, [44];
  • interpretation and construction of, [45];
  • what are? [42].
• Internationalism, growth of, [12].

• Law-making treaties, what are? [42].
• 'La France vaut bien une messe,' [78].
• League of Nations, [3], [8];
  • aims defined, [23], [28], [35-36];
  • and International Law interdependent, [6];
  • career in a sense started already, [8], [16];
  • conception of, very old, [6];
  • demand for, universal, [11];
  • impossibility of state-like organisation of, [36];
  • no unanimity concerning its aims or organisation, [18];
  • organisation of, demanded, [31];
  • problems connected with, [24], [28];
  • seven principles of, which ought to be adopted, [39-41];
  • so-called, but League of States is meant, [13];
  • starting point of organisation of, [33], [36], [39];
  • constitution sui generis of, a necessity, [22], [33];
  • what is new in the now desired, [11];
  • when it would be an organised community, [11], [34].

• Marini, Antoine, [8].
• Mediation, International. See [International Council of Conciliation].
• Militarism, conception of, [15];
  • Prussian, [16].

• Nation, the, a product of historical development, [10], [14];
  • conception of, [13], [14];
  • not to be confounded with race, [13-14].
• Nations, not to be confounded with States, [13], [14].
• Nationality, principle of, [14], [32].
• 'Natura non facit saltus,' [5].
• Naturalists, the School of, [62].

• Oppenheim, letter of Foreign Office concerning Article 23(h) of the Hague Regulations to Professor, [52-55].

• Pacifists, [31].
• Parliament, International, why impossible, [18], [19].
• Permanent Court of Arbitration, International, [34];
  • establishment of, by the First Peace Conference, [61].
• Permanent International Commissions of the Bryan Peace Treaties, [71].
• Podiebrad, [8].
• Police, International, [6], [41].
• Politis on Article 23(h) of the Hague Regulations concerning Land Warfare, [49], [55].
• Porter v. Freundenberg, case of, [47].
• Positivists, the School of, [62].
• Precedents of International Courts, [66].
• Principle of Nationality, [14], [32].
• Prize Court, International, proposed by Second Peace Conference, [34].

• Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? [21].

• Race, a product of natural development, [10];
  • not to be confounded with Nation, [13], [14].
• Rebus sic stantibus, proposal for dealing with the clause, [69].
• Religion, wars of, [10].

• Sovereignty, conception of, [75];
  • not surrendered by entrance into the League of Nations, [74], [75], [78].
• State, ideal of the national, [14].
• States of the World, the 25 Allied belligerent and the 17 neutral, [16-17].
• Statutes, difference between International and Municipal, [42].
• Sully, [9].
• Swiss Confederation, civil war within the, [32].
• Switzerland, [13].

• Taft, Ex-President, [5].
• Transoceanic States, entrance into League of Nations of, [38].
• Tribe, the, a product of natural development, [10].

• Ubi societas ibi jus, [8].
• Ullmann, on Article 23(h) of the Hague Regulations concerning Land Warfare, [50].
• United States, civil war in the, [32].

• Vienna Congress, the, [30], [42].
• Votes, equality of, at Hague Peace Conferences, [38].

• Wars for national unity, [10].
• Wehberg on Article 23(h) of the Hague Regulations concerning Land Warfare, [50].
• Whewell, Dr., [4].
• Whittuck on Article 23(h) of the Hague Regulations concerning Land Warfare, [50].
• Wilson, President, [5].
• World Federation, a demand of Pacifists, [31].

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Transcriber's Note: Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note. Variant spellings have been retained. Hyphenation has been standardised.