FOOTNOTE:
[281] Joerg, W. L. G.: The New Boundaries of the Balkan States and their Significance, Bull. of Amer. Geogr. Soc., Vol. 45, 1913, p. 819.
[APPENDIX C]
Classification of Languages Spoken in Europe
| Group | Branches | Languages |
| A. Celtic | 1. Gaelic | |
| a. Irish | ||
| b. Highland Scotch | ||
| c. Manx | ||
| 2. Cymric | ||
| a. Welsh | ||
| b. Low Breton | ||
| B. Romanic | 1. French | |
| 2. Italian | ||
| 3. Spanish | ||
| 4. Provençal | ||
| 5. Portuguese | ||
| 6. Romansh or Churwaelsh | ||
| 7. Rumanian | ||
| C. Germanic | Scandinavian | 1. Swedish |
| 2. Danish | ||
| 3. Icelandic | ||
| Germanic | 1. High German | |
| 2. Low German | ||
| 3. Dutch, including Flemish | ||
| 4. Frisian | ||
| 5. English | ||
| D. Slavic | Western | 1. Polish |
| 2. Bohemian | ||
| 3. Wend | ||
| Eastern | 1. Russian, including Ruthenian | |
| 2. Bulgarian | ||
| 3. Serbian, including Croatian | ||
| E. Lettic | 1. Lettish | |
| 2. Lithuanian | ||
| F. Hellenic | Greek | |
| G. Illyric | Albanian | |
| H. Indic | Gipsy or Romany |
In addition to the above the following non-Indo-European languages are spoken in Europe:
| Family | Group | Branch | Language |
| Turanian | Finnic | Tchudic | 1. Finnic |
| 2. Esthonian | |||
| 3. Tchud | |||
| 4. Lapp | |||
| 5. Voth | |||
| 6. Livonian | |||
| Permian | 1. Votiak | ||
| 2. Sirian | |||
| 3. Permiak | |||
| Volgaic | 1. Tchuvash | ||
| 2. Mordoin | |||
| 3. Cheremiss | |||
| Ugric | 1. Hungarian | ||
| 2. Samoyed | |||
| Tataric | Turkish | ||
| Caucasian | 1. Lesghian | ||
| 2. Circassian | |||
| Basque | Basque or Euskara |
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Veress, A. Acta et Epistolae Relationum Transylvaniae Hungariaeque cum Moldavia et Valachia. Vienna, 1915.
Vidal de la Blache, P. États et Nations de l’Europe. Paris, 1889.
Vidal de la Blache, P. Évolution de la population en Alsace-Lorraine et dans les départements limitrophes. Ann. de Géogr., Vol. 25, 1916, pp. 97-115.
Vidal de la Blache, P. La France, Tableau géographique. Paris, 1908.
Vinogradoff, Paul. Self-Government in Russia. New York, 1916.
Wace, A. J. B., and Thompson, M. S. The Nomads of the Balkans. London, 1914.
Wallis, B. C. Distribution of Nationalities in Hungary. Geogr. Journ., Vol. 47, 1916, pp. 177-189.
Ward, A. W. Germany: 1815-1890, Vol. 1. 1815-1852. Cambridge, 1916.
Warker, Nikolaus. Die deutschen Orts- und Gewässernamen der belgischen Provinz Luxemburg. Deutsche Erde, Vol. 8, 1909, pp. 99-104.
Waultrin, M. R. Le rapprochement Dano-Allemand et la question du Schleswig. Ann. Sc. Pol., 1903.
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[APPENDIX E]
KEY TO PLACE NAMES
Aa, river, lat. 51°, [Pl. I.]
Abanj, town, lat. 48° 50′, [Fig. 48].
Abbateggio, town, lat. 42° 14′, [Fig. 33].
Abruzzi, province, lat. 42°, [Fig. 33].
Abullonia, lake, south of Moudania, lat. 40° 12′, [Pl. VII.]
Acquaviva, town, lat. 40° 53′, [Fig. 33].
Ada Bazar, town, lat. 40° 45′, [Pl. VII.]
Adalia, town and bay, lat. 36° 53′, [Pl. V.]
Adana, town, lat. 37°, [Pl. V.]
Aden, gulf of, lat. 12° 46′. See inset map:
“Extension of the Hejaz line toward Mecca.” [Pl. V.]
Adige, valley, lat. 45° 40′, [Figs. 30], [67].
Adrianople, town, lat. 41° 41′, [Fig. 47].
Adriatic, sea, [Pl. IX.] See also [Figs. 47], [48].
Ægean, sea, [Pl. V.]
Agaro, district, lat. 46° 15′, [Fig. 22].
Aidin, town, lat. 37° 48′, [Pl. V.]
Aire, town, lat. 50° 38′, [Pl. I.]
Ala, town, lat. 45° 50′, [Fig. 30].
Alagna, village, lat. 45° 52′, [Fig. 22].
Aland, isds., lat. 60° 15′, [Pl. IX.]
Albania, state, lat. 41°, [Fig. 53].
Albula, river, lat. 46° 40′, [Fig. 67].
Aleppo, town, lat. 36° 10′, [Pl. V], [VI], [VII].
Alexandretta, town, lat. 36° 35′, [Pl. V], [VI], [VII].
Alghero, town, lat. 40° 40′, [Fig. 43].
Allenstein, town, lat. 53° 45′, [Fig. 38].
Alpes-Maritimes, dept., lat. 43° 45′, [Fig. 22].
Alsace, province, lat. 48° 50′, [Pl. II], [IX].
Amasia, town, lat. 40° 39′, [Pl. VII.]
Anderlecht (Brussels), lat. 50° 51′, [Fig. 14].
Andermatten, village (Italian: La Chiesa), lat. 46° 20′, [Fig. 22].
Andreasfalva, town, lat. 47° 50′, [Fig. 44].
Angeln, mts., 54° 35′, [Fig. 35].
Angora, town, lat. 39° 56′, [Pl. V], [VII.]
Anniviers, valley, lat. 46° 15′, [Fig. 18].
Antigorio, val., lat. 46° 10′, [Fig. 22].
Antioch, town, lat. 36° 10′ [Pl. VII.]
Antivari, town, lat. 42° 8′, [Fig. 53].
Aosta, town, lat. 45° 44′, [Pl. IX], [Fig. 22].
Aquitaine, region, lat. 44° 50′, [Fig. 3].
Arad, town, lat. 46° 13′, [Fig. 48].
Arax, river, lat. 39° 27′, [Pl. VII.]
Arghana, town, lat. 38° 25′, [Pl. V.]
Argyrocastro, district, lat. 40° 7′, [Fig. 53].
Arlon, town, lat. 49° 42′, [Pl. I.]
Armenia, province, [Pl. VII], [VIII.]
Armentières, town, lat. 50° 43′, [Pl. I.]
Armorica, region, lat. 48° 10′, [Fig. 3].
Arnfels, town, lat. 46° 42′, [Fig. 31].
Arnsberg, town, lat. 51° 24′, [Fig. 7].
Arta, river, lat. 39° 20′, [Fig. 53].
Asiago, town, lat. 45° 52′, [Fig. 30].
Aspropotamos, river, lat. 39° 22′, [Fig. 53].
Astico, river, lat. 45° 40′, [Fig. 25].
Augsburg, town, lat. 48° 52′, [Pl. IX], [Fig. 30].
Augustow, town, lat. 53° 30′, [Fig. 38].
Baden, grand duchy, lat. 48° 30′, [Fig. 7].
Bagdad, town, lat. 33° 21′, [Pl. V.]
Balearic, isds., lat. 39°, [Fig. 43].
Banat, province, lat. 45° 53′, [Fig. 38].
Bären Kopf, mt., lat. 47° 47′, [Pl. II.]
Bars, town, lat. 48° 15′, [Fig. 48].
Basra, town, lat. 30° 30′, [Pl. V.]
Bautzen, town, lat. 51° 11′, [Fig. 41].
Bavaria, kingdom, lat. 49°, [Fig. 7].
Beaulard, town, lat. 45° 3′, [Fig. 21].
Becherek, town, lat. 45° 27′, [Fig. 48].
Beirut, town, lat. 33° 54′, [Pl. V.]
Belcamen, town, lat. 40° 40′, [Fig. 53].
Belfort, town, lat. 47° 38′, [Pl. II], [Fig. 18].
Belgrade, town, lat. 44° 47′, [Pl. IX.]
Belluno, town, lat. 46° 8′, [Fig. 67].
Benkovac, town, lat. 44° 2′, [Fig. 48].
Berane, town, lat. 42° 47′, [Fig. 53].
Berat, town, lat. 40° 43′, [Fig. 53].
Bereg, town, lat. 47°, [Fig. 38].
Beskid, mts., lat. 49° 30′, [Pl. IV.]
Bessarabia, province, lat. 47° 20′, [Pl. III.]
Bévéra, valley, lat. 43° 50′, [Fig. 22].
Bielostok, town, lat. 53° 10′, [Pl. IV.]
Bielsk, town, lat. 52° 50′, [Pl. IV.]
Bienne, town, lat. 47° 9′, [Fig. 18].
Birnbaum, town, lat. 52° 37′, [Pl. IV.]
Bistritza, valley, lat. 40° 30′, [Fig. 53].
Black Drin, river, lat. 42°, [Fig. 53].
Black Forest, mountain region, lat. 48° 20′, [Fig. 7].
Blatza, town, lat. 40° 31′, [Fig. 53].
Böhmerwald, mt., lat. 49° 0′, [Fig. 48].
Bohtan, river, lat. 38°, [Pl. VII.]
Boitsfort, town, lat. 50° 48′, [Fig. 14].
Bolchen, town, lat. 49° 10′, [Pl. II.]
Boli, town, lat. 40° 45′, [Pl. V.]
Bolzano, (Bozen), town, lat. 46° 30′, [Figs. 30], [67].
Bomst, town, lat. 52° 12′, [Pl. IV.]
Bosnia, province, lat. 44° 20′, [Fig. 48].
Bothnia, gulf, lat. 62°, [Fig. 38].
Botzen, (Bozen), town, lat. 46° 30′, [Figs. 30], [67].
Boulogne, town, lat. 50° 43′, [Pl. I.]
Bousson, town, lat. 44° 55′, [Fig. 21].
Boyana, river, lat. 41° 52′, [Fig. 53].
Brandenburg, province, lat. 52° 26′, [Fig. 7].
Branjevo, town, lat. 44° 40′, [Fig. 48].
Bredizza, town, lat. 41° 50′, [Fig. 53].
Brenner, pass, lat. 47° 3′, [Fig. 30].
Brenta, river, lat. 45° 26′, [Fig. 25].
Breslau, town, lat. 51° 6′, [Pl. IV.]
Bressanone, town, see [Brixen].
Briançon, town, lat. 44° 50′, [Fig. 21].
Brieg, town, lat. 50° 50′, [Pl. IV.]
Brittany, province, lat. 48° 20′, [Fig. 3].
Brixen, town, lat. 46° 41′, [Fig. 30].
Bromberg, town, lat. 53° 7′, [Pl. IV.]
Broye, river, lat. 46° 45′, [Fig. 18].
Bruche, river, lat. 48° 30′, [Pl. II.]
Bruneco, town, lat. 46° 51′, [Fig. 30].
Brusa, town, lat. 40° 11′, [Pl. V.]
Brüx, town, lat. 50° 33′, [Fig. 48].
Buccari, bay, lat. 45° 18′, [Fig. 48].
Budapest, lat. 47° 29′, [Pl. IX.]
Bukovina, province, lat. 48° 0′, [Fig. 44].
Bukschoja, town, lat. 47° 37′, [Fig. 44].
Burgundian lands, (see [Burgundy]), lat. 47°, [Fig. 3].
Busi, is., lat. 43° 8′, [Fig. 48].
Cairo, city, lat. 30° 2′, [Pl. V.]
Calliano, town, lat. 45° 56′, [Fig. 30].
Canza, village, lat. 46° 25′, [Fig. 22].
Carinthia, lat. 47°, [Pl. III.]
Carniola, province, lat. 45° 58′, [Fig. 48], [Pl. III.]
Carpathian Mts., lat. 48° 30′, [Pl. IV.]
Cascanditella, town, lat. 42° 16′, [Fig. 33].
Casotto, town, lat. 45° 53′, [Fig. 67].
Cattaro, town, lat. 42° 23′, [Fig. 48].
Caucasus, region, lat. 44°, [Fig. 38].
Cazza, is., lat. 42° 55′, [Fig. 48].
Cesane, town, lat. 44° 57′, [Fig. 21].
Cevedale, mt., lat. 46° 29′, [Fig. 67].
Chalcydic peninsula, lat. 40° 25′, [Fig. 53].
Champlas du Col, town, lat. 44° 56′, [Fig. 21].
Chanak, town, lat. 40° 9′, [Pl. VI.]
Charmoille, town, lat. 47° 20′, [Fig. 18].
Chernikov, city, lat. 51° 29′, [Fig. 38].
Chorlu, river, lat. 41° 12′, [Fig. 47].
Cilician Gate, lat. 37° 30′, [Pl. VII], see inset:
“Western Asia showing direction of Main Mountain Ranges.”
Clabecq, lat. 50° 40′, [Fig. 14].
Clavières, town, lat. 44° 55′, [Figs. 21], [22].
Clementi, pass, lat. 42° 30′, [Fig. 53].
Collecroce, town, lat. 41° 45′, [Fig. 33].
Colmar, town, lat. 48° 6′, [Pl. II.]
Cologne, town, lat. 50° 56′, [Pl. IX.]
Constantinople, city, lat. 41°, [Pl. VII.]
Corfu, is., lat. 39° 37′, [Fig. 53], [Pl. V], [VI.]
Cormons, town, lat. 45° 57′, [Fig. 31].
Cortina d’Ampezzo, pass, lat. 46° 31′, [Fig. 67].
Courtaron, town, lat. 47° 28′, [Fig. 18].
Cracow, town, lat. 50° 4′, [Pl. IV.]
Crasna, lat. 48° 2′, [Fig. 44].
Crefeld, town, lat. 51° 21′, [Pl. IX.]
Cremnitza, river, lat. 40°, [Fig. 53].
Crete, is., lat. 35° 15′, [Pl. V.]
Croatia, province, lat. 45° 40′, [Fig. 48].
Cupello, town, lat. 42° 5′, [Fig. 33].
Curzola, is., lat. 43°, [Fig. 48].
Czernowitz, town, lat. 48° 17′, [Fig. 44].
Dalmatia, province, lat. 44°, [Fig. 48].
Damascus, city, lat. 33° 30′, [Pl. V], [VII.]
Dangli, mts., lat. 40° 30′, [Fig. 53].
Danzig, town, lat. 54° 35′, [Pl. IV.]
Dedeagatch, town, lat. 40° 55′, [Fig. 47].
Delémont, town, lat. 47° 25′, [Fig. 18].
Delvino, town, lat. 40°, [Fig. 53].
Demir-Hissar, district, lat. 41° 12′, [Fig. 53].
Dent d’Hérens, mt., lat. 45° 59′, [Fig. 22].
Deutsche-Oth, town, lat. 49° 28′, [Pl. II.]
Devinska Novaves, town, lat. 48° 18′, [Fig. 48].
Devoli, river, lat. 40° 55′, [Fig. 53].
Diex, town, lat. 46° 48′, [Fig. 31].
Dinaric Alps, mts., lat. 44°, [Fig. 48].
Dineir, town, lat. 38° 5′, [Pl. V.]
Dirschen, (Dirschau or Terzew), lat. 54° 9′, [Pl. IV.]
Dnieper, river, lat. 49°, [Fig. 38].
Dobrac, town, lat. 46° 45′, [Fig. 31].
Dobrudja, province, lat. 44° 20′, [Fig. 47].
Dodecanesia, isds., lat. 36°, [Pl. V.]
Doire Baltée, river, lat. 45° 15′, [Fig. 22].
Doire Ripaire, river, lat. 45° 10′, [Figs. 21], [22].
Doliano, town, lat. 40° 2′, [Fig. 53].
Dolomite Alps, mts., lat. 46° 25′, [Fig. 67].
Domodossola, town, lat. 46° 8′, [Fig. 22].
Don, river, lat. 47° 30′, [Fig. 38].
Dorpat, town, lat. 58° 17′, [Fig. 38].
Dortmund, town, lat. 51° 31′, [Fig. 7].
Douane, town, lat. 47° 10′, [Fig. 18].
Drama, basin, lat. 41° 6′, [Fig. 47].
Drave, river, lat. 45° 50′, [Fig. 48].
Drin, river, lat. 41° 50′, [Fig. 53].
Drinissa, river, lat. 42° 12′, [Fig. 53].
Drino, gulf, lat. 41° 50′, [Fig. 53].
Dugopolje, town, lat. 45° 10′, [Fig. 48].
Duino, town, lat. 45° 50′, [Fig. 31].
Duisburg, town, lat. 51° 26′, [Fig. 7].
Dukla, town, lat. 49° 26′, [Pl. IV.]
Dulcigno, town, lat. 41° 54′, [Fig. 53].
Dunkirk, town, lat. 51° 7′, [Pl. I.]
Durazzo, cape and town, lat. 41° 18′, [Fig. 53].
Düsseldorf, town, lat. 51° 13′, [Fig. 7].
Dux, town, lat. 50° 47′, [Fig. 48].
East Prussia, province, lat. 34°, [Pl. IV.]
Eisack, valley, lat. 46° 30′, [Fig. 67].
Eisenau, town, lat. 47° 38′, [Fig. 44].
Elbassan, town, lat. 41° 6′, [Fig. 53].
Elbe, river, lat. 53°, [Pl. IX.]
Emscher, valley, lat. 51° 30′, [Fig. 7].
Enego, town, lat. 45° 57′, [Fig. 25].
Engadine, district, lat. 46° 40′, [Fig. 67].
Epirus, province, lat. 40°, [Fig. 53].
Erzerum, town, lat. 39° 57′, [Pl. VIII.]
Erzgebirge, mt., lat. 50° 30′, [Fig. 48].
Erzingian, town, lat. 39° 38′, [Pl. V.]
Eskishehir, town, lat. 39° 44′, [Pl. V.]
Esthonia, province, lat. 59° 15′, [Fig. 38].
Esztergom or Gran-Esztergom, comitat, lat. 47° 47′, [Fig. 48].
Etsch, river, lat. 46° 16′, [Fig. 30].
Etterbeck, (Brussels), [Fig. 14].
Euphrates, river, lat. 37° 50′, [Pl. VIII.]
Fellin, town, lat. 58°, [Fig. 38].
Fenils, town, lat. 44° 59′, [Fig. 21].
Fersina, town, lat. 46° 8′, [Fig. 30].
Filiates, town, lat. 39° 42′, [Fig. 53].
Fiume, town, lat. 45° 19′, [Fig. 48].
Fleims, valley, lat. 46° 20′, [Fig. 30].
Flensborg, town, lat. 54° 46′, [Fig. 35].
Florina, town, lat. 40° 50′, [Fig. 53].
Fogaras, town, lat. 45° 47′, [Pl. III.]
Foppiano, town, lat. 46° 20′, [Fig. 22].
Formazza, valley, lat. 46° 15′, [Fig. 22].
Franconia, district, lat. 50°, [Fig. 7].
Frasheri, town, lat. 40° 25′, [Fig. 53].
Freudenthal, town, lat. 47° 45′, [Fig. 44].
Fribourg, town, lat. 46° 48′, [Fig. 18].
Friuli, district, (see area of [Friulian language]),
lat. 46° 18′, [Fig. 43].
Fruttwald, or Canza, village, lat. 46° 25′, [Fig. 22].
Frydland, town, lat. 49° 45′, [Fig. 48].
Fünfkirchen, town, lat. 46° 6′, [Pl. III.]
Galicia, province, lat. 48° 50′, [Fig. 44].
Gallio, town, lat. 45° 52′, [Fig. 25].
Gallipoli, peninsula, lat. 40° 25′, [Fig. 47].
Gargazon, town, lat. 46° 36′, [Fig. 67].
Gazza, town, lat. 45° 50′, [Fig. 30].
Geala, town, lat. 41° 13′, [Fig. 53].
Gediz, river, lat. 38° 36′, [Pl. VII.]
Ghemlick, (Cius), town, lat. 40° 30′, [Pl. VII.]
Ghison, river, lat. 44° 54′, [Figs. 21], [22].
Gléresse, town, lat. 47° 8′, [Fig. 18].
Gömö, district, lat. 49°, [Fig. 48].
Gopes, town, lat. 41° 13′, [Fig. 53].
Gornia Bistrica, town, lat. 46° 30′, [Fig. 31].
Gottschee, town, lat. 45° 38′, [Fig. 31].
Gradena, basin, see [Grödenthal].
Gradisca, town, lat. 45° 15′, [Fig. 31].
Gramala, bay, lat. 40° 15′, [Fig. 53].
Grammos, mts., lat. 40° 25′, [Fig. 53].
Gramosta, town, lat. 40° 23′, [Fig. 53].
Grand Paradis Peak, lat. 45° 30′, [Fig. 22].
Gran-Esztergom, town, lat. 47° 47′, [Fig. 48].
Graudenz, town, lat. 53° 25′, [Pl. IV.]
Gressoney, lat. 45° 50′, [Fig. 22].
Greutschach, town, lat. 46° 51′, [Fig. 31].
Grevena, village, lat. 40° 9′, [Fig. 53].
Gries, pass, lat. 46° 30′, [Fig. 22].
Griffen, town, lat. 46° 50′, [Fig. 31].
Grisons, canton, lat. 46° 42′, [Fig. 67].
Grödenthal, valley, lat. 46° 37′, [Fig. 30].
Grodno, town, lat. 53° 41′, [Fig. 38].
Grybow, town, lat. 49° 40′, [Pl. IV.]
Guevgueli, town, lat. 41° 13′, [Fig. 53].
Gurk, town, lat. 46° 55′, [Fig. 31].
Gusinye, district, lat. 42° 35′, [Fig. 53].
Hadikfalva, town, lat. 47° 55′, [Fig. 44].
Halluin, town, lat. 50° 47′, [Pl. I.]
Hama, town, lat. 35° 13′, [Pl. V.]
Hamburg, city, lat. 53° 33′, [Pl. IX.]
Harput, town, lat. 38° 40′, [Pl. V.]
Havel, river, lat. 52° 43′, [Fig. 7].
Hazebrouck, town, lat. 50° 44′, [Pl. I.]
Helsingfors, town, lat. 60° 10′, [Pl. IX.]
Hermannstadt, town, lat. 45° 46′, [Pl. III.]
Herzegovina, province, lat. 43° 20′, [Fig. 48].
Hesse, grand duchy, lat. 51°, [Fig. 7].
Hochkönigsberg, mt., lat. 48° 15′, [Pl. II.]
Hodeida, town, lat. 14° 40′, [Pl. V.] See inset:
“Extension of the Hejaz line toward Mecca.”
Hoeylaert, town, lat. 50° 49′, [Fig. 14].
Homs, town, lat. 34° 46′, [Pl. V.]
Hont, comitat, lat. 48° 30′, [Fig. 48].
Huta, town, lat. 48° 22′, [Fig. 48].
Ile de France, province, lat. 48° 50′, [Fig. 3].
Ill, river, lat. 48° 25′, [Pl. II.]
Illmenspitze, mt., lat. 46° 28′, [Fig. 67].
Illyria, province, lat. 46° 15′, [Fig. 48].
Ilmen, lake, lat. 58° 15′, [Fig. 38].
Imotski, town, lat. 43° 25′, [Fig. 48].
Ipek, town, lat. 42° 34′, [Fig. 53].
Iran, plateau, lat. 32°, [Pl. VII.] See inset:
“Western Asia showing direction of Main Mountain Ranges.”
Isargo, river, see [Eisack].
Iser, mt., lat. 50° 50′, [Fig. 48].
Ishtip, town, lat. 41° 45′, [Fig. 53].
Isnik (Nicaea), town, lat. 40° 40′, [Pl. VII.]
Isonzo, river, lat. 46°, [Fig. 31].
Issime, town, lat. 45° 40′, [Fig. 22].
Istensegitz, town, lat. 47° 52′, [Fig. 44].
Istria, province, lat. 45° 20′, [Fig. 32].
Ixelles, (Brussels), [Fig. 14].
Jablunka, pass, lat. 49° 34′, [Pl. IV.]
Jaffa, town, lat. 32° 4′, [Pl. V.]
Jakobeny, town, lat. 47° 30′, [Fig. 44].
Jeihun, river, lat. 37° 30′, [Pl. VII.]
Jerablus, town, lat. 36° 30′, [Pl. V.]
Jerusalem, city, lat. 31° 47′, [Pl. V.]
Jette, town, lat. 50° 51′, [Fig. 14].
Jevizlik, town, lat. 40° 48′, [Pl. VII.]
Jidda, town, lat. 21°, [Pl. V.] See inset:
“Extension of the Hejaz line toward Mecca.”
Johanisburg, town, lat. 53° 37′, [Fig. 38].
Julian Alps, mts., lat. 46° 10′, [Fig. 31].
Jumaya, town, lat. 42°, [Fig. 53].
Jura, mts., lat. 46° 50′, [Fig. 3].
Kailar, town, lat. 40° 29′, [Fig. 53].
Kalamas, river, lat. 39° 35′, [Fig. 53].
Kalarites, town, lat. 39° 40′, [Fig. 53].
Kamienec, town, lat. 48° 40′, [Fig. 44].
Kanin, mt., lat. 46° 24′, [Fig. 31].
Karaferia, town, lat. 40° 36′, [Fig. 53].
Kassaba, town, lat. 38° 8′, [Pl. V.]
Kastamuni, town, lat. 41° 23′, [Pl. V.]
Kastoria, lake, lat. 40° 34′, [Fig. 53].
Katerynoslav, town, lat. 48° 28′, [Fig. 38].
Kavalla, town, lat. 41°, [Fig. 47].
Kelkid, river, lat. 40° 20′, [Pl. VII.]
Kerepes, town, lat. 47° 35′, [Fig. 48].
Kharkov, town, lat. 50°, [Fig. 38].
Kherson, town, lat. 46° 39′, [Fig. 38].
Kholm, town, lat. 51° 39′, [Fig. 38].
Khursk, town, lat. 51° 56′, [Fig. 38].
Kiev, town, lat. 50° 27′, [Fig. 38].
Kimara, town, lat. 40° 10′, [Fig. 53].
Kiri, river, lat. 41° 55′, [Fig. 53].
Kirlibaba, town, lat. 47° 40′, [Fig. 44].
Kizil, river, lat. 41°, [Pl. VII.]
Klagenfurth, town, lat. 46° 37′, [Fig. 48].
Klausen, town, lat. 46° 39′, [Fig. 67].
Kliasma, river, lat. 56° 19′, [Fig. 38].
Klimutz, town, lat. 47° 58′, [Fig. 44].
Klissura, town, see [Vlakho-Klissura].
Knin, town, lat. 44° 3′, [Fig. 48].
Kockana, town, lat. 40° 20′, [Fig. 53].
Koekelberg, (Brussels), [Fig. 14].
Konia, town, lat. 37° 51′, [Pl. VII.]
Koritza, town, lat. 40° 15′, [Fig. 53].
Kostenberg, town, lat. 46° 45′, [Fig. 31].
Kottbus, town, lat. 51° 34′, [Fig. 41].
Kovno, town, lat. 55°, [Fig. 38].
Koweit, town, lat. 29° 30′, [Pl. VI.]
Krajste, valley, lat. 42° 41′, [Fig. 53].
Krasnostaw, town, lat. 50° 59′, [Pl. IV.]
Kremnitz, town, lat. 48° 42′, [Fig. 48].
Krushevo, town, lat. 41° 25′, [Fig. 53].
Kuban, province, lat. 45°, [Fig. 38].
Kukush, town, lat. 40° 59′, [Fig. 53].
Kurdistan, province, lat. 37° 30′, [Pl. VII.]
Kurland, province, lat. 57°, [Fig. 38].
Kustendil, town, lat. 42° 18′, [Fig. 53].
Kwidzyn or Marienwerder, town, lat. 53° 40′, [Pl. IV.]
La Chiesa, town, lat. 46° 20′, [Fig. 22].
Ladoga, lake, lat. 60° 45′, [Fig. 38].
Laeken, lat. 50° 51′, [Fig. 14].
Laghi, cape, lat. 41° 12′, [Fig. 53].
Lagosta, is., lat. 42° 46′, [Fig. 48].
Laibach, town, lat. 46° 3′, [Fig. 48].
Lales, town and bay, lat. 41° 30′, [Fig. 53].
Lanciano, town, lat. 42° 14′, [Fig. 33].
Lantosque, town, lat. 43° 59′, [Fig. 22].
Lapsista, town, lat. 39° 45′, [Fig. 53].
La Turbie, village, lat. 43° 50′, [Fig. 22].
Lavarone, town, lat. 45° 55′, [Fig. 67].
Lecce, town, lat. 40° 22′, [Fig. 43].
Lecker Au, river, lat. 54° 45′, [Fig. 34].
Lemberg, (Lvov), lat. 49° 40′, [Pl. III.]
Lesina, is., lat. 43°, [Fig. 48].
Leskovatz, town, lat. 43°, [Fig. 53].
Leva, town, lat. 48° 15′, [Fig. 48].
Libau, town, lat. 56° 30′, [Fig. 38].
Liége, town, lat. 50° 40′, [Pl. I.]
Lille, town, lat. 50° 38′, [Pl. I.]
Lim, river, lat. 43° 23′, [Fig. 53].
Linkebeek, town, lat. 50° 49′, [Fig. 14].
Linz, town, lat. 48° 17′, [Fig. 48].
Lissa, is., lat. 43° 4′, [Fig. 48].
Livonia, province, lat. 57° 20′, [Fig. 38].
Lobau, town, lat. 53° 30′, [Pl. IV.]
Lobositz, town, lat. 50° 31′, [Fig. 48].
Lods, town, lat. 51° 46′, [Pl. IV.]
Loeche, town, lat. 46° 12′, [Fig. 22].
Loetzen, town, lat. 54° 2′, [Fig. 38].
Loing, river, lat. 48°, [Fig. 3].
Longwy, town, lat. 49° 32′, [Pl. I.]
Lorraine, province, lat. 48° 50′, [Pl. II.]
Luditz, town, lat. 50° 3′, [Fig. 48].
Luisenthal, town, lat. 47° 35′, [Fig. 44].
Lunéville, town, lat. 48° 35′, [Fig. 7].
Lusatia, province, lat. 51°, [Fig. 41].
Luxemburg, grand duchy, lat. 50°, [Pl. I.]
Lvov, (Lemberg), city, lat. 49° 40′, [Pl. III.]
Lyck, town, lat. 53° 50′, [Pl. IV.]
Lys, river, lat. 51°, [Pl. I.]
Macedonia, lat. 41°, [Fig. 53].
Macugnaga, town, lat. 45° 59′, [Fig. 22].
Magarevo, town, lat. 41° 12′, [Fig. 53].
Maggiore, lake, lat. 46°, [Fig. 22].
Makarska, town, lat. 43° 18′,
[Fig. 48].
Malakasi, town, lat. 39° 45′, [Fig. 53].
Malborghet, town, lat. 46° 30′, [Pl. III.]
Malmedy, town, lat. 50° 24′, [Pl. I.]
Maramoros or Maramaros-Sziget, town, lat. 47° 55′, [Fig. 44].
Marburg, town, lat. 46° 34′, [Fig. 31].
March, river, lat. 48° 30′, [Pl. III.]
Maria-Theresiopel, town, lat. 46° 8′, [Pl. III.]
Marienwerder, (Kwidzgn), town, lat. 53° 44′, [Pl. IV.]
Mariondol, town, lat. 45° 40′, [Fig. 48].
Maritza, river, lat. 41°, [Fig. 47].
Markirch, (or Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines), town, lat. 48° 14′, [Pl. II.]
Marmora, sea, lat. 40° 40′, [Fig. 47].
Marne, river, lat. 49° 2′, [Fig. 3].
Maros, river, lat. 46°, [Pl. III.]
Maros Vasarhely, town, lat. 46° 28′, [Pl. III.]
Martello, river, lat. 45° 51′, [Fig. 25].
Massif Central, region, lat. 45°, [Fig. 3].
Masurian, lakes, lat. 54°, [Fig. 38].
Mati, river, lat. 41° 40′, [Fig. 53].
Meander, river, lat. 37°, [Pl. VII.]
Mecca, city, lat. 21° 20′, [Pl. V.] See inset:
“Extension of the Hejaz line toward Mecca.”
Mediasch, town, lat. 46° 7′, [Pl. III.]
Meleda, is., lat. 42° 45′, [Fig. 48].
Melkovic, town, lat. 43° 3′, [Fig. 48].
Melnik, town, lat. 52° 21′, [Pl. IV.]
Menin, town, lat. 50° 47′, [Pl. I.]
Meran, town, lat. 46° 41′, [Fig. 67].
Mesopotamia, province, lat. 36° 30′, [Pl. VII.]
Metsovo, town, lat. 39° 45′, [Fig. 53].
Metz, town, lat. 49° 7′, [Pl. II.]
Meuse, river, lat. 49° 10′, [Pl. IX.]
Midyad, town, lat. 37° 30′, [Pl. VII.]
Mies, town, lat. 49° 44′, [Fig. 48].
Mitau, town, lat. 56° 39′, [Fig. 38].
Mitoka-Dragomirna, town, lat. 47° 48′, [Fig. 44].
Mitrovitza, town, lat. 42° 43′, [Fig. 47].
Moldau, river, lat. 49° 40′, [Fig. 48].
Molenbeek-St. Jean, (Brussels), [Fig. 14].
Molise, province, lat. 41° 35′, [Fig. 33].
Mollières, town, lat. 44° 58′, [Fig. 21].
Molovista, town, lat. 41° 4′, [Fig. 53].
Molsheim, town, lat. 48° 33′, [Pl. II.]
Monastir, town, lat. 41° 1′, [Fig. 47].
Mont Blanc, lat. 45° 51′, [Fig. 18].
Montefalcone, town, lat. 45° 42′, [Fig. 31].
Monte Moro, pass, lat. 46°, [Fig. 22].
Montenegro, kingdom, lat. 43°, [Fig. 48].
Monteoderisio, town, lat. 42° 6′, [Fig. 33].
Monte Theodule, pass, lat. 45° 57′, [Fig. 22].
Montreux, town, lat. 46° 26′, [Fig. 18].
Montsevilier, town, lat. 47° 23′, [Fig. 18].
Moosburg, town, lat. 46° 37′, [Fig. 48].
Morat or Murten, lake and village, lat. 46° 55′, [Fig. 18].
Morava, river, lat. 44°, [Fig. 47].
Moravia, province, lat. 49° 30′, [Pl. III.]
Moravska-Ostrava, town, lat. 49° 50′, [Fig. 48].
Moresnet, territory, lat. 50° 43′, [Fig. 7].
Morge, valley, lat. 46° 20′, [Fig. 18].
Morhange, town, lat. 48° 56′, [Pl. II.]
Mori, town, lat. 45° 52′, [Fig. 30].
Morlacca, canal, lat. 45°, [Fig. 48].
Morva, (March), river, lat. 48° 30′, [Pl. III.]
Moselle, river, lat. 49°, [Pl. II.]
Moskopolis, town, lat. 40° 40′, [Fig. 53].
Mosul, town, lat. 36° 19′, [Pl. VII.]
Moutiers, town, lat. 45° 30′, [Fig. 22].
Munster, town, lat. 46° 16′, [Fig. 22].
Mur, river, lat. 46°, [Fig. 31].
Murad Su or Murad, river, lat. 38° 43′, [Pl. VII.]
Mush, town, lat. 38° 47′, [Pl. VII.]
Namur, town, lat. 50° 28′, [Pl. I.]
Nancy, town, lat. 48° 41′, [Pl. II.]
Narenta, river, lat. 43°, [Fig. 47].
Narew, river, lat. 53° 8′, [Pl. IV.]
Neidenburg, town, lat. 53°, [Fig. 38].
Nemecke Prava, town, lat. 48° 57′, [Fig. 48].
Nesibin, town, lat. 37°, [Pl. V.]
Netze, river, lat. 53°, [Pl. IV.]
Neuchâtel, lake, lat. 46° 55′, [Fig. 18].
Neusatz, town, lat. 45° 16′, [Pl. III.]
Neusiedler, lake, lat. 47° 50′, [Fig. 48].
Neusolonetz, town, lat. 47° 40′, [Fig. 44].
Neutra, town, lat. 48° 19′, [Fig. 48].
Neuveville, town, lat. 47° 6′, [Fig. 18].
Neva, river, lat. 59° 48′, [Fig. 38].
Nevesca, town, lat. 40° 37′, [Fig. 53].
Nevrokop, town, lat. 41° 32′, [Fig. 53].
New Tischen or Titschein, town, lat. 49° 35′, [Pl. III.]
Niemen, river, lat. 55°, [Fig. 38].
Nish, town, lat. 43° 27′, [Fig. 47].
Nishava, river, lat. 43°, [Fig. 47].
Nissa, river, see the river, lat. 50° 30′,
on which the town of Neisse stands, [Pl. IV.]
Noce, river, lat. 46° 25′, [Fig. 30].
Novezansky, town, lat. 48° 2′, [Fig. 48].
Novi Bazar, town, lat. 43° 4′, [Fig. 53].
Novi Varosh, town, lat. 43° 25′, [Fig. 53].
Nürschan, town, lat. 49° 40′, [Fig. 48].
Oder, river, lat. 51° 20′, [Pl. IV.]
Ograyevitza, valley, lat. 43° 40′, [Fig. 53].
Ohain, town, lat. 50° 49′, [Fig. 14].
Oise, river, lat. 49° 54′, [Fig. 3].
Oka, river, lat. 55° 57′, [Fig. 38].
Okrida, lake, lat. 41°, [Fig. 53].
Okrida, town, lat. 41° 11′, [Fig. 53].
Oldenhorn, peak, lat. 46° 19′, [Fig. 18].
Oletzko, town, lat. 54°, [Fig. 38].
Olhem or Ohain, town, lat. 50° 49′, [Fig. 14].
Oliva, town, lat. 54° 32′, [Pl. IV.]
Olmütz, town, lat. 49° 36′, [Fig. 48].
Oltu, river, lat. 44°, [Pl. III.]
Olympus, mt., lat. 40° 4′, [Fig. 53].
Oppeln, town, lat. 50° 40′, [Pl. IV.]
Orco, river, lat. 45° 17′, [Fig. 22].
Ornavasso, town, lat. 45° 59′, [Fig. 22].
Ortelsburg, town, lat. 53° 34′, [Fig. 38].
Ortler, mt., lat. 46° 30′, [Fig. 67].
Osogov, mt., lat. 42° 10′, [Fig. 53].
Ostanitza, town, lat. 40° 2′, [Fig. 53].
Osterode, town, lat. 53° 41′, [Fig. 38].
Otranto, strait, lat. 39° 45′, [Fig. 53].
Oulx, town, lat. 45° 3′, [Fig. 21].
Paluzza, village, lat. 46° 34′, [Fig. 31].
Panchova, town, lat. 44° 56′, [Fig. 48].
Panderma, town, lat. 40° 18′, [Pl. V.]
Paris, city, lat. 48° 50′, [Fig. 3].
Paris Basin, region, lat. 48° 50′, [Fig. 3].
Pata, town, lat. 41° 23′, [Fig. 53].
Patnoz, town, lat. 39° 22′, [Pl. VII.]
Pechui, town, see [Fünfkirchen].
Pellice, river, lat. 44° 50′, [Fig. 21].
Pergine, lat. 46° 6′, [Fig. 30].
Perouse, town, lat. 44° 56′, [Fig. 22].
Persian Gulf, lat. 29°, [Pl. VII.]
Peshtera, town, lat. 43° 12′, [Fig. 53].
Philippopolis, town, lat. 42° 3′, [Fig. 47].
Piave, river, lat. 45° 50′, [Fig. 32].
Picardy, province, lat. 49° 50′, [Fig. 3].
Pignerol, town, lat. 44° 48′, [Figs. 21], [22].
Pilis, district, lat. 47° 15′, [Fig. 48].
Pilsen, town, lat. 49° 45′, [Fig. 48].
Pindus, mts., lat. 39° 45′, [Fig. 53].
Pirot, town, lat. 43° 10′, [Fig. 53].
Pisuderi, town, lat. 40° 45′, [Fig. 53].
Pressburg, town, lat. 48° 10′, [Pl. III.]
Priepet, river and marshes, lat. 52° 10′, [Pl. IX.]
Prizrend, town, lat. 42° 8′, [Fig. 53].
Progno, river, lat. 45° 30′, [Fig. 30].
Prokleita, mts., lat. 42° 25′, [Fig. 53].
Provence, province, lat. 43° 50′, [Fig. 3].
Pruth, river, lat. 47°, [Pl. III.]
Puglia, province, lat. 41°, [Fig. 43].
Pusterthal, valley, lat. 46° 44′, [Fig. 67].
Raab, river, lat. 47° 25′, [Fig. 48].
Raab, town, lat. 47° 41′, [Pl. III.]
Radgona, town, lat. 46° 40′, [Fig. 31].
Radkersburg, town, lat. 46° 42′, [Fig. 31].
Radymno, town, lat. 49° 58′, [Pl. IV.]
Ragusa, town, lat. 42° 37′, [Fig. 48].
Ras el ain, town, lat. 36° 50′, [Pl. V.]
Rayak, town, lat. 33° 30′, [Pl. V.]
Razlog, town, lat. 41° 51′, [Fig. 53].
Red Sea, lat. 20°, [Pl. V.] See inset:
“Extension of the Hejaz line toward Mecca.”
Reichenberg, town, lat. 50° 47′, [Fig. 48].
Renz, town, lat. 54° 43′, [Fig. 35].
Resia, town, lat. 46° 30′, [Fig. 31].
Reval, town, lat. 59° 27′, [Pl. IX.]
Rhenish Prussia, province, lat. 50° 30′, [Fig. 7].
Rhine, river, lat. 48°, [Pl. II.]
Rhine-Herne, canal, lat. 51° 28′, [Fig. 7].
Rhodes, is., (the largest of the Dodecanesia group),
lat. 36° 23′, [Pl. V.]
Rhode-Saint-Genèse, town, lat. 50° 49′, [Fig. 14].
Rhodope, mts., lat. 42°, [Fig. 47].
Rhone, river, lat. 45°, [Fig. 3].
Rhone Valley, lat. 45°, [Fig. 3].
Ribeauvillé or Rappoltsweiler, town, lat. 48° 12′, [Pl. II.]
Rienza, river, lat. 46° 50′, [Fig. 30].
Riga, gulf, lat. 57° 30′, [Pl. IX.]
Rilo, town, lat. 42° 9′, [Fig. 53].
Rima S. Giuseppe, village, lat. 45° 54′, [Fig. 22].
Roana, town, lat. 45° 51′, [Fig. 25].
Roanne, town, lat. 46° 2′, [Fig. 6].
Rochemolles, town, lat. 45° 8′, [Fig. 21].
Rodoni, cape, lat. 41° 34′, [Fig. 53].
Rodosto, town, lat. 41°, [Fig. 47].
Rokytince, town, lat. 49° 22′, [Fig. 48].
Rosa, mt., lat. 45° 56′, [Fig. 22].
Roshai, town, lat. 42° 49′, [Fig. 53].
Rotzo, town, lat. 45° 50′, [Fig. 25].
Rovereto, town, lat. 45° 53′, [Fig. 30].
Roya, river, lat. 43° 54′, [Fig. 22].
Rudolfthal, town, lat. 45° 15′, [Fig. 48].
Rymanow, town, lat. 49° 35′, [Pl. IV.]
Saar, river, lat. 49° 35′, [Pl. II.]
Saaz, town, lat. 50° 21′, [Fig. 48].
St. Andrea, is., lat. 43° 2′, [Fig. 48].
St. Bernard, mt., lat. 45° 51′, [Fig. 18].
Saint-Gilles, town, (Brussels), [Fig. 14].
St. Gotthard, town, lat. 46° 58′, [Fig. 31].
Saint-Hermagoras, town, lat. 46° 43′, [Fig. 31].
Saint-Josseten-Noode, town, (Brussels), [Fig. 14].
St. Omer, town, lat. 50° 45′, [Pl. I.]
St. Pancrace, town, lat. 46° 48′, [Fig. 31].
Sakaria, river, lat. 40°, [Pl. VII.]
Sakaria, valley, lat. 40°, [Pl. VII.]
Salbertrand, town, lat. 45° 6′, [Fig. 21].
Salecchio, town, lat. 46° 20′, [Fig. 22].
Salerno, town, lat. 40° 40′, [Fig. 43].
Salonica, town, lat. 40° 38′, [Pl. IX] and [Fig. 47].
Samarra, town, lat. 34° 10′, [Pl. V.]
Sampeyre, town, lat. 44° 35′, [Fig. 22].
Samsun, town, lat. 41° 18′, [Pl. VIII.]
San, river, lat. 50° 34′, [Pl. IV.]
Sana’a, town, lat. 15°, [Pl. V.] See inset:
“Extension of the Hejaz line toward Mecca.”
San Felice Slavo, town, lat. 41° 54′, [Fig. 33].
San Giacomo di Lusiana, town, lat. 45° 30′, [Fig. 25].
San Giovanni Teatino, town, lat. 42° 24′, [Fig. 33].
San Juan, point, (Gulf of Drino), lat. 41° 45′, [Fig. 53].
San Juan de Medua, town, lat. 41° 55′, [Fig. 53].
San Martino di Perrero, town, lat. 44° 56′, [Fig. 21].
San Michele, (German: Pommat), village, lat. 46° 20′, [Fig. 21].
Sanok, town, lat. 49° 34′, [Pl. IV.]
San Pietro Brazza, town, lat. 43° 19′, [Fig. 48].
Santi-Quaranta, (Preveza), town, lat. 39° 49′, [Fig. 53].
San Vito (Chietino), town, lat. 42° 15′, [Fig. 33].
Saône, river, lat. 46° 2′, [Fig. 3].
Sappada, village, lat. 46° 37′, [Fig. 31].
Sarajevo, town, lat. 43° 52′, [Fig. 48].
Sarine, river, lat. 46° 35′, [Fig. 18].
Sarnaki, town, lat. 52° 22′, [Pl. IV.]
Saros, gulf, lat. 40° 35′, [Fig. 47].
Sarrebourg, town, lat. 48° 45′, [Pl. II.]
Saseno, is., lat. 40° 29′, [Fig. 53].
Sasun, district, lat. 38° 30′, [Pl. VII.]
Sauer, river, lat. 51° 40′, [Fig. 7].
Sauris, village, lat. 46° 31′, [Fig. 31].
Sauza d’Oulx, town, lat. 45° 2′, [Fig. 21].
Save, river, lat. 44° 52′, [Pl. III.]
Saxony, kingdom, lat. 51° 50′, [Fig. 48].
Schaerbeek, (Brussels), [Fig. 14].
Schässburg, town, lat. 46° 10′, [Pl. III.]
Schlucht, pass, lat. 48° 4′, [Pl. II.]
Scutari, lake and town, lat. 42° 1′, [Fig. 53].
Seine, river, lat. 49° 28′, [Fig. 3].
Sebenico, town, lat. 43° 44′, [Fig. 48].
Seihun, river, lat. 37° 30′, [Pl. VII.]
Selia, town, lat. 40° 8′, [Fig. 53].
Semeni, river, lat. 40° 40′, [Fig. 53].
Sensburg, town, lat. 53° 52′, [Fig. 38].
Serres, town, lat. 41° 7′, [Fig. 53].
Sesia, river, lat. 45° 45′, [Fig. 22].
Sette Communi, plateau, 45° 50′, [Fig. 25].
Settimo Vitone, town, lat. 45° 33′, [Fig. 22].
Shar, mts., lat. 42°, [Fig. 53].
Sicken-Sussen, town, lat. 50° 49′, [Pl. I.]
Sienitza, town, lat. 43° 15′, [Fig. 53].
Sierre or Siders, town, lat. 46° 21′, [Fig. 18].
Silesia, province, lat. 50° 51′, [Pl. IV.]
Sinj, town, lat. 43° 40′, [Fig. 48].
Sinjar, town, lat. 36° 23′, [Pl. VII.]
Sipiska, town, lat. 40° 41′, [Fig. 53].
Siracu, town, lat. 39° 39′, [Fig. 53].
Sisani, town, lat. 40° 25′, [Fig. 53].
Sivas, town, lat. 39° 37′, [Pl. VIII.]
Skumbi, river, lat. 41° 6′, [Fig. 53].
Slavonia, province, lat. 45° 45′, [Fig. 48].
Smyrna, city, lat. 38° 26′, [Pl. VII.]
Sofia, town, lat. 42° 32′, [Fig. 47].
Soignes, forest, lat. 50° 49′, [Fig. 14].
Solomiac, town, lat. 44° 59′, [Fig. 21].
Sorne, river, lat. 47° 23′, [Fig. 18].
Spalato, town, lat. 43° 30′, [Fig. 48].
Spree, river, lat. 52° 23′, [Fig. 41].
Stagno, town, lat. 42° 39′, [Fig. 48].
Stari Vlah, district, lat. 43° 25′, [Fig. 53].
Strassburg, town, lat. 48° 36′, [Pl. II.]
Strassburg, (Prussia), town, lat. 53° 14′, [Pl. IV.]
Stravopolskoi, town, lat. 45° 2′, [Fig. 38].
Struga, town, lat. 41° 10′, [Fig. 53].
Struma, river, lat. 41° 22′, [Fig. 53].
Strumitza, river, lat. 41° 20′, [Fig. 53].
Stulpikani, town, lat. 47° 27′, [Fig. 44].
Stura, river, lat. 45° 15′, [Fig. 22].
Subotica, or Maria-Theresiopel, town.
Suha Gora, mt., lat. 41° 58′, [Fig. 53].
Surash, town, lat. 52° 55′, [Pl. IV.]
Suse, town, lat. 45° 10′, [Figs. 21], [22].
Suwalki, town, lat. 54° 7′, [Pl. IV.]
Swabia, district, lat. 48° 20′, [Fig. 30].
Syria, province, lat. 34°, [Pl. VII.]
Szbadka, or Maria-Theresiopel, town.
Tabriz, town, lat. 38° 2′, [Pl. VII.]
Tännchen, mt., lat. 48° 12′, [Pl. II.]
Tara, mts., lat. 43° 55′, [Fig. 53].
Tarcento, town, lat. 46° 13′, [Fig. 31].
Tarvis, town, lat. 46° 45′, [Fig. 48].
Tatra, mts., lat. 49° 50′, [Pl. IV.]
Tauris, province, lat. 46°, [Fig. 38].
Taus, town, lat. 49° 27′, [Fig. 48].
Tekrit, town, lat. 34° 35′, [Pl. V.]
Temesvar, town, lat. 45° 47′, [Pl. III.]
Tepeleni, town, lat. 40° 18′, [Fig. 53].
Terskaja, province, lat. 40° 30′, [Fig. 38].
Tervueren, town, lat. 50° 49′, [Fig. 14].
Teschen, town, lat. 49° 45′, [Pl. IV.]
Tessin, (Tessino), canton, lat. 46° 15′, [Fig. 22].
Tetovo, town, lat. 42° 5′, [Fig. 53].
Tezew, (Dirschau), lat. 54° 5′, [Pl. IV.]
Theiss, river, lat. 46° 30′, [Pl. III.]
Thessaly, province, lat. 39° 30′, [Fig. 53].
Thièle, river, lat. 47° 2′, [Fig. 18].
Thorn, town, lat. 53° 3′, [Pl. IV.]
Thures, town, lat. 44° 54′, [Fig. 21].
Thuringia, state, lat. 50° 40′, [Fig. 7].
Tigris, river, lat. 33°, [Pl. VII.]
Timok, river, lat. 44°, [Fig. 53].
Tirnovo, town, lat. 43° 7′, [Fig. 47].
Toce, falls, lat. 46° 22′, [Fig. 22].
Toce, river, lat. 46° 5′, [Fig. 22].
Tofana, mt., lat. 46° 32′, [Fig. 67].
Tokat, town, lat. 40° 17′, [Pl. VII.]
Tölgyes, pass, lat. 47°, [Pl. III.]
Tomaschow, town, lat. 50° 27′, [Pl. IV.]
Torcola, is., lat. 43° 5′, [Fig. 48].
Torre Pellice, village, lat. 44° 40′, [Figs. 21], [22].
Tourcoing, town, lat. 50° 43′, [Pl. I.]
Trafoi, town, lat. 46° 34′, [Fig. 30].
Trebizond, town, lat. 41° 1′, [Pl. VII.]
Transylvania, province, lat. 46° 40′, [Pl. III.]
Trebnitz, town, lat. 50° 25′, [Fig. 48].
Treene, river, lat. 54° 20′, [Fig. 35].
Tren, town, lat. 42° 48′, [Fig. 53].
Trent, town, lat. 46° 4′, [Fig. 30].
Triest, gulf, lat. 45° 30′, [Fig. 31].
Triest, town, lat. 45° 39′, [Pl. III.]
Tripoli, town, lat. 34° 30′, [Pl. VII.]
Tubize, town, southwest of Brussels, [Fig. 14].
Turocz, town, lat. 49° 5′, [Fig. 48].
Turtmann, valley, lat. 46° 15′, [Fig. 22].
Tweebeek, town, see [Tubize], [Fig. 14].
Tyrol, province, lat. 47°, [Fig. 30].
Uccle, town, south of Brussels, [Fig. 14].
Udine, town, lat. 46° 10′, [Pl. III.]
Ukraine, province, lat. 49° 40′, [Fig. 38].
Ung, river, lat. 48° 42′, [Fig. 38].
Unterwald, or Foppiano, village, lat. 45° 18′, [Fig. 22].
Urmiah, lake, lat. 37° 40′, [Pl. VII.]
Uskok, mts., lat. 45° 45′, [Fig. 48].
Uskub, town, lat. 42° 5′, [Fig. 53].
Valais, canton, lat. 46° 15′, [Fig. 22].
Valona, town, lat. 40° 29′, [Fig. 53].
Valsesia, or Sesia, river, lat. 45° 45′, [Fig. 22].
Van, lake, lat. 38° 40′, [Pl. VIII.]
Var, river, lat. 43° 45′, [Fig. 22].
Vardar, river, lat. 41°, [Fig. 53].
Vardar, valley, lat. 41°, [Figs. 48], [53].
Vas, comitat, lat. 47° 14′, [Fig. 31].
Vasto, town, lat. 42° 7′, [Fig. 33].
Vaud, canton, lat. 46° 35′, [Fig. 22].
Velebiti, mts., lat. 44° 30′, [Fig. 48].
Venije-Vardar, town, lat. 40° 45′, [Fig. 53].
Verdun, town, lat. 49° 10′, [Fig. 3].
Verona, city, lat. 45° 30′, [Fig. 30].
Vicenza, town, lat. 45° 32′, [Fig. 30].
Vichlaby, district, lat. 49° 20′, [Fig. 48].
Viège, town, 46° 22′, [Fig. 22].
Villach, town, lat. 46° 37′, [Fig. 48].
Vilna, town, lat. 54° 41′, [Fig. 38].
Vinadio, town, lat. 44° 23′, [Fig. 22].
Vintschgau, river, lat. 46° 37′, [Fig. 67].
Viso, mt., lat. 44° 40′, [Fig. 22].
Vistula, river, lat. 50°, [Pl. IV.]
Vlakho-Klissura, town, lat. 40° 27′, [Fig. 53].
Vlakho-Livadi, town, lat. 40° 8′, [Fig. 53].
Vlasina, river, lat. 42° 50′, [Fig. 53].
Vodena, town, lat. 40° 47′, [Fig. 53].
Volga, river, lat. 57°, [Fig. 38].
Volhynia, province, lat. 50° 40′, [Fig. 38].
Voronz, town, lat. 51° 46′, [Fig. 38].
Vosges, mts., lat. 48°, [Fig. 3].
Voyussa, river, lat. 40° 36′, [Fig. 53].
Vrable, town, lat. 48° 40′, [Fig. 48].
Vrania, town, lat. 42° 37′, [Fig. 53].
Wallachia, district, lat. 44° 30′, [Fig. 38].
Waterloo, town, lat. 50° 44′, [Pl. I] and [Fig. 14].
Weiss, valley, lat. 48° 18′, [Pl. II.]
Weissenburg, town, lat. 49° 2′, [Pl. II.]
Weissenstein, mt., lat. 47° 15′, [Fig. 18].
Wesel, town, lat. 51° 39′, [Pl. IX.]
Westphalia, province, lat. 51° 36′, [Fig. 7].
West Prussia, province, lat. 53° 40′, [Pl. IV.]
White Drin, river, lat. 42° 15′, [Fig. 53].
Wildstrubel, mt., lat. 46° 24′, [Fig. 18].
Windhorst, town, lat. 45° 15′, [Fig. 48].
Wissek, town, lat. 53° 12′, [Pl. IV.]
Woerther, lake, lat. 46° 37′, [Fig. 31].
Woluwe St.-Lambert, (Brussels), [Fig. 14].
Xirolivadi, town, lat. 40° 30′, [Fig. 53].
Yanina, town, lat. 39° 47′, [Fig. 53].
Yonne, river, lat. 48°, [Fig. 3].
Yuzgat, town, lat. 39° 50′, [Pl. VIII.]
Zab, river, lat. 37° 30′, [Pl. VII.]
Zagros, mts., lat. 35°, [Pl. VII.] See inset:
“Western Asia showing direction of Main Mountain Ranges.”
Zala, district, lat. 46° 48′, [Fig. 31].
Zara, town, lat. 44° 7′, [Fig. 48].
Zemplin, town, lat. 48° 15′, [Fig. 38].
Zermagna, river, lat. 44° 10′, [Fig. 48].
Zermatt, town, lat. 46° 2′, [Fig. 22].
Zips, district, lat. 49° 15′, [Fig. 48].
Zmigrod, town, lat. 49° 39′, [Pl. IV.]
Zombor, town, lat. 45° 46′, [Fig. 48].
Zumborak, town, lat. 45° 30′, [Fig. 48].
Zwittau, town, lat. 49° 46′, [Fig. 48].
[INDEX]
Aasen, Ivar, [99]
Abruzzi, [88]
Adalia, Gulf of, [251], [256-257]
Adige, [84]
Adige valley, [70], [74]
Adriatic, control, [83-84];
eastern coast, [337-338];
piracy, [86], [87];
problem, [199-201];
Serbia and, [180]
Adriatic coast and German language, [68]
Adriatic provinces, [76]
Ægean, [174], [175], [247-248], [274]
Aidin railway, [250], [251], [255]
Albanach, [192]
Albania, [84], [163], [164], [180], [181], [187], [189], [193-201];
Greek boundary, [197];
importance, [199];
national feeling and boundaries, [194], [195];
religion, [201]
Albanian, [87], [90], [163], [165], [192]
Albanians, [175], [192-201]
Alemanni, [44]
Aleppo, [224], [225], [259], [261], [264]
Alexandretta, [244], [261]
Alexandria, [233], [234]
Alghero, [64]
Allevis, [285]
Alpes-Maritimes, [64]
Alpine race, xiv, [4], [5], [6], [19], [38], [40], [41], [323-324]
Alps, [42], [333]
Alsace, [38-49];
Lower and Higher, [41]
Alsace-Lorraine, [329-330], [334-335];
linguistic boundary between French and German, [35-49]
Alsatians, [40], [41], [46], [47]
Amanus, [259], [260]
America, discovery of, [233], [235]
Anatolia, [225], [247], [248], [266], [271], [275], [276], [284];
Turks in, [281]
“Ange,” [36]
Anglo-Saxon, [13]
Ansariyehs, [298-299]
Ansiedelunggesetz, [127]
Antioch, [297], [298]
Aosta, [60]
Aptals, [289]
Arabia, [238];
British influence, [240-241];
France and, [266]
Arabic, [225], [230];
in Turkish, [280]
Arabs, [307-308]
Aram, [302]
Aramaic, [302], [306]
Arameans, [302-303]
Argana, [261], [266]
Argyrocastro, [197], [199]
Arlon, [22]
Armenia, [224], [244], [254], [266];
etymology, [291]
Armenian, Persian words in, [272]
Armenians, [272], [289-294]
Armenoids, [271], [273], [285], [324]
Armorica, [56]
Arnaut, [194]
Aromunes, [163]
Aryan, Albanian, [192];
Armenians, [291], [292];
early home, [7];
Lithuanians, [104], [105];
vagueness of term, [8]
Ashkenazim, [301]
Asia Minor, [175], [225], [228-229], [269], [270];
geography, [252];
Greeks in, [273-278];
highway character, [249];
Mohammedan dissenters, [285-289];
Mohammedan immigrants, [282-284];
peoples and villages, non-Turkish, table, [308-309];
resources, [253-255];
Turks in, [278-282].
See also [Turkey]
Asiatic trade with Europe, [233-236]
Asiatics in Europe, [174-176]
Assassins, [298]
Athens, [248]
Augustus, [64]
Austria, [95], [330];
as protector of Europe, [82];
census returns, character, [76];
Dalmatia, [87];
foreign policy, [80];
Italian frontier claims (with sketch-map), [335-337];
Jewish capitalists, [125];
Lombardo-Venetia, [74];
Poles in, [130];
sketch-map showing Slavs and their languages, [183];
Slovene in, map, [81]
Austria-Hungary, [155], [156];
Adriatic provinces, [76];
Italians in, [66];
nationality, [83];
Polish provinces, table, [138];
population and weakness, [80-82];
Serbians in, [181-182]
Avars, [81], [176]
Avshars, [288]
Bagdad, [238], [242], [260], [262]
Bagdad railroad, [178], [251], [257-263]
“Bahnhof,” [53]
Balearic islands, [64]
Balikis, [288]
Balkan peninsula, [86-87];
clash of Slav and Teuton, [181];
highway character, [174-175], [177-181];
linguistic and political divisions, [201-202];
physical character, [174];
Romanic languages, [164-166];
Rumanians in, [160];
Serbian inhabitants and, [174-191];
Slavicization, [165];
southeastern angle, [215-216], [218]
Balkan States, areas and populations before and after the wars, tables, [345]
Balkans, communications, map, [179];
sketch-map of western, [203]
Baltic, Poland and the, [119], [120]
Baltic languages, [100-110]
Baltic provinces, [103-108]
Banat territory, [86], [158]
Baradeus, Jacobus, [306]
Basel, [54]
Basra, [306]
Bavaria, [68], [73], [74]
Bedouins, [307-308]
Beirut-Aleppo railroad, [250], [265]
Bektash, [287-288]
Belekis, [288]
Belgae, [21]
Belgium, [329];
boundary of French and Germanic languages in, [19-34];
French- and Flemish-speaking inhabitants, table, [34];
language, [xiv];
linguistic and political boundaries, [22];
literature, [318-319];
national language, [23];
nationality, [33];
present crisis, [29], [33];
Romance languages in, [25];
shape of land, [29-30];
struggle for unity, [20]
Berat, [164]
Berne, [53], [54]
Beskid, [115], [143]
Bessarabia, [159];
Rumanians in, [172]
Bienne, [49], [50], [51], [55]
Bismarck, [329]
Black Caps, [284]
Black Sea, [218];
Poland and, [120]
Blanc, Mont, [52]
Blondness in Asia Minor, [286]
Bohemia, [56], [341];
culture, [143];
German element at present, [148-149];
German ring about, [141-142], [144];
national consciousness, [148];
nationality, [153];
Slav and Teuton struggle, [143-144];
spoliation, [148]
Bohemian and Bohemians, [141-150];
literature, [146], [147], [151]
Böhmerwald, [141], [142]
Boleslas, [119]
Bolzano, [73], [74]
Boshnaks, [189]
Bosnia, [181], [182], [189], [190];
German settlers, [190-191]
Bosnian Mohammedans, [190]
Bosporus, [174], [178], [181], [217-220], [244]
Boulogne, [23]
Boundaries, linguistic and political, [342];
national frontiers, [328];
natural, [327];
natural and scientific, [332-334];
revisions, [202].
See also [Frontiers]
Boyana, [196]
Brandenburg, [116], [118]
Brenner Pass, [70], [72]
Breslau, [116]
Bressanone, [73]
Breton, [56]
Bromberg, [121], [122]
Bruche, [43]
Brussels, French language in, growth, [27];
languages, [24];
sketch-map of environs showing language distribution, [26]
Budapest, [156]
Bukovina, [168-173];
colonies and population, [170], [171];
Germans in, [169];
sketch-map of Rumanian area, [169]
Bulgaria, history, [214];
national unity, [214-215]
Bulgarian, Macedonian and, [206];
old, [211];
Serbian transition dialect, [212]
Bulgarians, [176], [180], [202];
ethnic composition, [209-210];
Greek boundary, [207];
Macedonia, [204];
Turks and, [210]
Bunjevci, [188]
Burgundy, [20], [36], [52], [53], [61]
Byzantium, [232], [235]
Caliphate, [241], [267]
Cape-to-Cairo railroad, [252]
Caravans, [234], [257-258], [263]
Carniola, [79], [80]
Carpathians, [114-115], [131], [136]
Catalonians, [64]
Cathay, [233], [234]
Caucasus, [135], [283], [284]
Celtic, xiv, [47], [52], [59];
early home, [6];
in France, relation to Italic, [56];
Po, [63]
Celts, [6], [40], [41];
Asia Minor, [287];
early home, [56];
influence on Teutons, [14]
Chaldeans, [305]
Charlemagne, [38], [39]
Charles the Bald, [38], [39]
Charles IV, [145], [146]
Chepmi, [285]
China, [234]
Chinese, [7]
Christians of St. John, [306]
Christians of Turko-Persian borderland, table, [311-313]
Chuds.
See [Esthonians]
Cilician Gates, [225], [258]
Cimbro, [68]
Cimmerians, [286]
Circassians, [282-284]
Colonization, Germans in Poland, [127-129];
Germans in Russia, [343-344]
Constantinople, [167], [181], [205], [219-220], [232], [244], [282], [324];
Turkish capture, [235]
Cracow, [125], [130]
Crete, [217]
Croatia, [182], [184], [190]
Croats, [81], [85], [88], [182]
Crusades, [245], [301]
Czech, [xv], [3];
German and, in northern Bohemia, [144-145];
linguistic area, [142], [143]
Czecho-Slovak body, [143]
Czechs and Poles, [115]
Czernowitz, [170]
Dacia, [161]
Dacians, [175]
Dalmatia, [182], [186];
Italians in, [77];
Italy’s claims, [84-86];
map of the coast, [85];
nationality, [87];
Roman influence, [84-86];
value to Italy, [84]
Dalmatian coast, [78], [337-338]
Dalmatian islands, population statistics, [76]
Damascus, [264], [267], [302]
Danish, [93-97];
Norway, [98]
Dante, [75]
Danube, [46], [82], [137], [154], [155], [156], [165], [175], [181], [199]
Danzig, [117], [118], [121]
Danzig, Gulf of, [117], [126]
Dardanelles, [174], [217-220], [244]
Denmark, linguistic problem, [93-97].
See also [Schleswig-Holstein]
Devil-worshipers, [303], [304]
Discovery, age of, [233]
Dnieper, [111], [136], [137]
Dodecanesia, [246-247], [256]
“Drang nach Osten,” [119], [181], [243], [331]
Druzes, [299-300]
Duma, [124]
Dunkirk, [20], [23], [24]
Durazzo, [200], [212]
Dushan, Stephen, [186], [211]
Dwellings, Alemannic, [44];
German types, [14];
Italian and German, in northern Italy, [68];
Lithuanians, [105];
Lorraine, [44];
Romansh, [54]
Dyrrachium, [200]
Eastern Question, [180], [228], [231-233], [248]
Elbe, [93], [118], [133],
[136], [137], [141], [142], [150]
Elephantine papyri, [302]
Ems, [93]
Epidamnus, [200]
Epirus, Greek claims to, [196-198]
Erzerum, [224]
Erzgebirge, [141], [142]
Esthonians, [104], [106-108]
Euphrates, [224], [238], [239], [294], [302], [308]
Europe, civilizing power of geography, [18];
eastern, sketch-map showing classification of Russians, etc., [112];
languages, classification, [346-347]
Fellaheen, [308]
Fennification, [102]
Finland, [17], [101-103];
language and population tables, [109], [110];
languages, [103];
literature and nationality, [322-323];
Sweden and, [102], [103]
Finnish, [15], [17], [101-103]
Finno-Ugrian, [17]
Finns, [101-103]
Fiume, [88]
Flammigants, [28]
Flemings, [19-30];
rivalry with Walloons, [28-30]
Flemish language, [19-29]
Formazzo valley, [67]
France, Celtic in, [56];
dialects, [9];
early distinction in languages, [9];
Flemish language in, [23];
Italian linguistic boundary, [63];
language and literature, [320];
linguistic boundary in Alsace-Lorraine, [35-49];
map showing contact of langue d’oïl and langue d’oc, [12];
nationality, [40];
racial elements, [5];
sketch-map showing mountain areas and basins, [10];
Turkey and, [237], [245-246], [263-266]
François, [12]
Franco-Provençal dialects, [60]
Franco-Russian sphere in Turkey, [250], [266]
Franks, [56]
Fransquillons, [28]
Frasherists, [164]
French, Alsace-Lorraine, [35-49];
Belgium, [23];
boundary in Belgium and Luxemburg, [19-34];
character, [11];
character and composition, [11], [12];
dialects in Italy, [60-64];
early influence in Germany, [14];
Flemish-speaking districts of France, [24];
in Italy (map), [61];
Luxemburg, [30-34];
map showing boundary between French and Italian, [65];
origin of modern, [9];
sketch-map of Brussels and environs showing, [26];
Switzerland (with map), [49-58]
French Revolution, [47], [48], [59], [148], [315], [316]
Fribourg, [50], [51], [53], [54], [55]
Frisian, [94]
Friuli, [78]
Friulian, [72], [76], [165];
definition, [73]
Frontiers, France and Germany, [334-335];
linguistic factor, [314];
scientific, [332-333];
wars and, [328]
Gaelic, [56]
Galatae, [286]
Galicia, [113], [114];
Jews, [125-126];
Poles, [130];
Poles and Ruthenians, [131]
Gallipoli, [175]
Gaul, [64]
Gaulish, [56]
Gediz valley, [249], [264]
German, Alsace-Lorraine, [35-49];
area, [13];
around Bohemia, [141-142], [144];
Baltic provinces, [105], [106];
Czech and, in northern Bohemia, [144-145];
dialects, [13];
dwelling houses and language, [14];
imposition of the language in Alsace, [48];
in Italy, [66-75];
Luxemburg, [31-33];
sketch-map of areas of the three dialects, [15];
Switzerland (with map), [49-58];
transitional dialects, [14]
Germanic languages, [9];
boundary in Belgium and Luxemburg, [19-34]
Germanization, Alsace-Lorraine, [48];
Bohemia, [144-145];
Bosnia, [190-191];
Bukovina, [169-170];
Danish provinces, [95];
Hungary, [156-157];
Italy, [69];
Lusatia, [134];
Luxemburg, [31];
Moravia, [150];
Slovak-land, [151-152], [153];
Trentino, [75];
Upper Silesia, [126-127]
Germany, clash with Slavs in Balkans, [181];
Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein problem, [93-97];
Germans and Poles in Upper Silesia, table, [139-140];
language and power, [329];
language and unity, [317];
linguistic boundary in Alsace-Lorraine, [35-49];
nationality, [40], [316];
Poles in eastern, [123];
Polish contact, [115-135];
Polish estate buying, [127-129];
Polish immigration, [121-122];
Polish provinces, table, [137-138];
Russia and, [330-332];
Turkey and, [236], [237], [241-243], [257-258], [263]
Gheks, [193]
Gibraltar, [236]
Gipsies, [172], [289]
Goths, [176]
Great Britain and Turkey, [237], [238], [255-256], [263]
Great Russians, [113], [136], [170]
Greece, [175];
Albanian boundary, [197];
Albanian coast and, [200-201];
Bulgarian character in north, [211];
Bulgarian speech and, [207];
claims on Turkey, [247-248];
Epirus and, [196-198];
Rumanian in, [163]
Greek, classical forms in Asia Minor, [277];
in Italy, [89-90];
Macedonian boundary, [205-206];
northern area, map, [203]
Greeks, Asia Minor, [273-278];
blue-eyed, [176];
Dodecanesia, [247];
Mohammedan, [277];
Persians and, [227]
Grimault, [326]
Grusinian, [284]
Guzlars, [321-322]
Hai, [291]
Hakem, [300]
“Hakenhufen,” [133]
Hamath, [302]
Hamze, [300]
Hanaks, [150]
“Heim,” [44]
“Heimatlose,” [95]
Hejaz railroad, [267]
Hellenism.
See [Greece]; [Greeks]
Hellenization, [205]
Herzegovina, [181], [182]
High German, [13]
Hittites, [279], [291], [299], [301]
Hochdeutsch, [13]
Holland, [29], [30], [33], [329]
Holstein, [94], [95].
See also [Schleswig-Holstein]
Homo alpinus, [323-324]
Hungarian, [154-159]
Hungarians, [81], [154];
Croatia, [190]
Hungary, [131];
debt to Rumania, [168];
defining, [338-340];
Germanization, [156-157];
Germans in, [152];
individuality, [154];
Rumanian problem, [157], [158-159];
sketch-map of Rumanian area, [169];
Slovakian area, [152];
Slovaks, [150], [151]
Huns, [176]
Huss, [146], [147], [151]
Huzuli, [168]
Ile-de-France, [9], [11]
Ill valley, [38], [40]
Illyrian, [86]
India, [234], [238], [239], [240], [257]
“Ingen,” [36], [44]
Ipek, [194], [195], [196]
Isarco, [73]
Ismailyehs, [298]
Istria, Italian in, [77]
Istrian peninsula, [76]
Italian borderlands, [59-92];
Dalmatian islands, [76];
inhabitants of Italian speech in Adriatic provinces, table, [92];
Istrian region, [77];
map showing boundary between Italian and French, [65]
Italic and Celtic, in France, [56]
Italy, [59-92];
Austrian frontier claims (with sketch-map), [335-337];
claim on Turkey, [237], [246-247], [256];
foreign linguistic groups, [60];
German language in, [66-75];
Greeks in, [89-90];
map of Slavic colonies in the Molise group, [89];
nationality, [59], [90];
non-Italian vernaculars, table, [91];
Slavic dialects in and on borders, [78];
Slavs in, [88];
Slovene in, and on borders of, map, [81]
Jablunka pass, [115]
Jacobites, [305-306]
Jaffa-Jerusalem railroad, [250], [265]
Jagellons, [120]
Janina, [198-199]
Jerusalem, [301]
Jews, Esthonian, [107];
Galicia, [125-126];
German Poland, [123];
Polish, [123], [126];
Polish provinces of Russia, [123];
Turkey, [301]
Judea, [226]
Jugoslavia, [88], [185], [338]
Jura, [49], [52], [55]
Jutland, [93]
Kabardians, [283]
Kalevala, [322-323]
Karapapaks, [284]
Karst land, [77-79]
Kastoria, [211]
Khirgiz, [174]
Kiel Canal, [94]
Kiev, [119]
Kizilbash, [285-288]
Konia, [258], [260]
Kottbus, [134], [135]
Kovno, [132]
Kraljevitch, Marko, [321]
Kurdistan Christians, table, [312-313]
Kurds, [294-296]
Kurland, [106]
Kutzo-Vlachs, [163]
Ladin, [66], [72], [165];
definition, [72-73]
Ladislas, [119]
Lake beds, [290]
Landsmaal, [99], [100]
Language, economic influences, [325-327];
formative influence, [18];
national asset, [320];
nationality and, [1], [155], [314-315];
race, nationality, and, [4];
European, classification, [346-347];
great groups in Europe, [9]
Langue d’oc, [9], [12], [64]
Langue d’oïl, [9], [12], [20], [328]
Lassi, [149], [150]
Latin, [52], [56], [320];
Belgium, [21];
Dalmatian coast, [86], [87];
introduction into France, and influence, [10];
Rome’s, [59];
Rumanian and, [159-161];
Southeastern Europe, [163]
Latin-Faliscan, [56]
Lazis, [284]
Lebanon, [299], [300]
Lemberg, [125], [130]
Letts, [104-107]
Liége, [28]
Lingua romana, [38]
Lingua teudisca, [39]
Linguistic areas, [3]
Lippowans, [170-171]
Literature and nationality, [317-319]
Lithuanians, [104-107]
Little Russians, [113], [131], [136]
Livonians, [107]
Lombardo-Venetia, [74]
Lorraine, [36-37], [326], [334].
See also [Alsace-Lorraine]
Lothaire, [39]
Lotharii Regnum, [38]
Lothringia, [29], [40]
Louis the German, [38]
Low German, [13], [94]
Lusatia, [133]
Luther, [13]
Lutherans, [105], [106], [108]
Luxemburg, boundary of French and Germanic languages in, [19-34];
language, [30-34]
Maalstraev, [97]
Macedonia, [202], [204-214];
history, [208-209];
loss to Bulgarians, [207];
physical, [203-204];
Serbian claims on, [211-212];
Slavs, [206]
Macedonian, [165], [166], [206]
Macedonians, [204-214];
definition, [204];
ethnic composition, [209];
groups, [205]
Magyar, area, [155-156]
Magyars, [151], [154], [155]
Malmedy, [22], [33]
Mar Shimun, [305]
Maritza, [215], [219], [220]
Marmora, [218-220], [244]
Maronites, [299], [300-301]
Masurians, [132], [133]
Meander, [255-256]
Mecca, [241], [267], [268]
Mediterranean race, [xiv], [4], [5], [6]
Mendai, [306]
Meran, [73]
Mesopotamia, [226], [238], [260], [261], [262], [272], [307], [308];
reclamation, [239]
Metauilehs, [297-298]
Metsovo, [160]
Metz, [37], [43]
Mezzo-Mezzos, [277]
Middle German, [13]
Midyad, [305]
Migrations, [202];
seasonal, [162]
Mindvog, [104]
Mirdites, [193]
Mohammedan Albanians, [194], [201]
Mohammedanism,
[83];
Turkey and, [221]
Mohammedans, [101], [136], [164], [177], [189];
Bosnia, [190];
Caliphate, [241], [267];
dissenters, [285-289];
Great Britain and, [240];
Greek, [277];
immigrants into Turkey, [282-284];
landholders in Europe, [198];
railroad funds, [267-268]
Moldavia, [171], [172]
Moldavians, [162], [167], [168]
Molise group, [89]
Monastiro, [72]
Mongolian, [104]
Mongolians, [113], [176]
Mont Blanc, [52]
Montenegrins, [180]
Montenegro, [182], [195], [196]
Moravia, [149-150];
German expansion, [150]
Moravian, [115], [116]
Moravian Slovaks, [149], [150]
Moravians, [142]
Moresnet, [32], [33]
Morlacca, [88]
Mosul, [223], [260];
Christians, table, [311-312]
Mountains as boundaries, [333-334]
Musariyehs, [298-299]
Muscovy, [16]
Mush, [290], [294]
Nancy, [36], [37], [42], [43]
Naples, kingdom of, Slav colonists, [88]
Nationality, language and, [1], [155], [314-315];
language, race, and, [4]
Nestorians, [304-305]
Netherlands, [29]
New Norse, [100]
Niederdeutsch, [13]
Nimrud Dagh, [294]
Noghai tartars, [283]
Nomadism, [162], [164], [282], [283], [308]
Nordic race, [xiv], [4], [5], [6], [19], [41], [102], [104], [176]
Norse, [98], [99], [100]
Norsk, [98]
Norway, Danish language in, [98];
linguistic problem, [97-100]
Norwegian, [97], [100]
Norwego-Danish, [98-100]
Novibazar, [188-189]
Oberdeutsch, [13]
Obrenovitch, Miloch, [186]
Oder, [93], [116], [118], [137]
Old Norse, [98], [99]
Oscan-Umbrian, [56]
Palestine, [245], [265]
Pan-Germanism, [331]
Pan-Slavism, [331]
Paris, [9], [11]
Parlers, [11]
Patois, French, [9]
Peacock King, [303]
Persia, trade, [238]
Persian and Armenian, [272]
Persian Gulf, [239]
Persians, Armenians and, [290];
Greeks and, [227]
Phrygians, [286], [292]
Piasts, [119], [120]
Picard patois, [11], [12]
Piedmont, [59-62];
German in, [66-67]
Pilsen, [144]
Pindus, [162], [163], [165], [166], [195], [202], [203], [204]
Pjesme, [321], [322]
Plattdeutsch, [13]
Po, [59], [63], [84]
Podgoritza, [196]
Podhalians, [114]
Poetry, nationality and, [318-319];
Serbia, [321-322]
Poland, [111-140];
Austro-Hungarian provinces, table, [138];
autonomy, [340-341];
German colonization, [116], [127-129];
German provinces, table, [137-138];
Jewish element, [124-126];
nature of land, [119];
Russia and, [121];
Russian provinces, table, [138-139];
Turkey and, [120];
unity of, [135-136]
Poles, [111-140];
Austrian, [130];
Bukovina, [170], [171];
eastern Germany, [123];
German contacts, [115-135];
patriotism and national spirit, [129];
letters in Germany, [121-122]
Polish, area, [111-140];
teaching, [129]
Polish Jews.
See [Jews]
Posen, [116], [121-123], [128], [133]
Prague, [146]
Protestants, Bohemia, [146];
Piedmont, [61-62];
Polish group, [133]
Prussia, [48], [49], [81], [82], [93], [94], [95], [117], [118], [120], [126], [127];
ascendency, [329];
Germanization, [128];
Poland and, [340-341];
Poles in, [117], [121]
Pruth, [172]
Race, [xv];
European blending, [xiv], [5];
language, nationality, and, [4];
mingling, [3]
Ragusa, [77], [88]
Railroads, Turkish, [248-252], [268-269];
Turkish-owned, [267]
Raskolniks, [136]
Ratzel, F., [325], [326]
“Red head,” [286]
Religious persecution, [61-63]
Reval Esthonian, [108]
Rhine, [35], [37], [46], [47], [326]
Rhone, [51], [52]
Riksmaal, [98], [99], [100]
Rivers as boundaries, [46], [333]
Roman names in Belgium, [21]
Romance languages, [56];
Balkan peninsula, [86-87], [164-166];
Belgium, [25];
easterly group map, [166]
Romanic, [56], [66]
Romanic languages, [9]
Romansh, [54], [165];
definition, [72-73]
Rome, Dalmatia and, [83-86];
influence in southeastern Europe, [165];
Rumania and, [167];
southeastern Europe and, [161]
Rumania, original element and history, [167];
Russian influence, [172], [173]
Rumanian, [159-173];
Albanian and, [165];
Bessarabia, [172];
Latin kinship, [159-161], [162];
map of areas, [166];
Serbia, [188];
sketch-map of, in Bukovina and Hungary, [169];
sketch-map showing parts, [183]
Rumanians, [339];
Balkan peninsula, [160];
colonies and groups, [163-164];
Roman customs, [161];
in and about Hungary, [157], [158-159];
Pindus mountains, map, [203]
Russ, [16]
Russia, [15], [16];
advances southwesterly, [243];
Baltic provinces, [103-108];
Bessarabia and Rumania, [172], [173];
different languages, [18];
Finland and, [101], [103];
German settlements in, [343-344];
Germany and, [330-332];
Jewish segregation, [124];
Jews in Polish provinces, [123];
Poland and, [121];
Polish provinces, table, [139-140];
sketch-map showing classification, [112];
Turkey and, [236], [237], [244-245], [250], [264], [266-267]
Russian, [15];
Asiatic influence, [16-17];
blending of dialects, [18];
Finland, [103];
origin of modern, [16]
Russians, divisions, [136];
original, [132]
Russification, [106], [108]
Ruthenia, [16]
Ruthenians, [114], [126], [130], [131], [168];
Bukovina, [168], [170], [171-172];
Slav type, [132]
Sabeans, [298], [303], [306]
St. Bernard passes, [52]
Salonica, [181], [213-214]
Samaan mountains, [303]
Samsoun-to-Sivas railroad, [250], [266]
San Juan de Medua, [199]
Sanskrit, [104]
Sardinia, [64]
Sarmatians, [175], [176]
Sasseno, [200], [201]
Saxon, [158]
Saxon colony in Hungary, [157], [158]
Saxonian, [13]
Scandinavian languages, [93-100]
Schelde, [19], [20], [30]
Schleswig, [93-97]
Schleswig-Holstein, [341];
Germanization, [95];
problem, [93-97];
sketch-map of languages from Danish viewpoint, [97];
sketch-map of languages from German viewpoint, [96]
Scutari, [180], [199]
Scutari Lake, [195], [196]
Scythians, [175]
Sephardim, [301]
Serbia, [182], [243], [337], [338];
Adriatic and, [180];
Austrian ultimatum, [181];
claims on Macedonia, [211-212];
history and politics, [186];
linguistic area, [186-189];
nationality, [191];
poetry, [321-322]
Serbian, area, [181-182];
Bulgarian transition dialect, [212]
Serbo-Croatian in the Dalmatian islands, [76]
Serbo-Croats, [79], [136], [184-185]
Serbs, [81], [85], [88];
Balkan, [174-191];
culture, [184];
religion and nationality, [182-183];
three groups, [182]
Sette communi, [68-69];
map of German speech in, [69]
Shmuds, [104]
Siberia, [17]
Silesia, [116].
See also [Upper Silesia]
Silk, [246]
Simplon tunnel, [52]
Sinjar range, [303], [304]
Sivas, [250], [266]
Skip, [192]
Skipetars, [189], [192], [193]
Slavic, [xv], [9];
Russian as a form of, [15]
Slavicization, [101];
Balkan peninsula, [165]
Slavonia, [182], [184]
Slavs, [6];
Adriatic provinces, [76];
Austria-Hungary, [82];
Baltic, [108];
Bohemian and Moravian, [141];
Dalmatia, [85], [86], [87];
early home, [7];
fusion with aliens, [108];
German-speaking, [134];
Italy, [78], [88-89];
Karst and Adriatic, [77-78];
languages in Austria, sketch-map, [183];
Macedonian, [202], [206];
map of Molise group in Italy, [89];
Naples, [88];
note on, [136-137];
Poland, [111];
southern unity, [185], [337-338];
Teutonic clash, [181], [330-332];
type, [132]
Slovakian, [151];
Hungarian northern boundary, [152]
Slovaks, [114], [136], [150-153];
Moravian, [149], [150];
outside their native land, [153]
Slovene, Italy, [76];
linguistic area, [76-81];
map showing area in Austria and parts of Italy, [81]
Slovenes, [136]
Sorabes, [133]
Spalato, [77], [86]
Stapelländern, [326]
Steppes, [15-18]
Strassburg, [37], [38], [41]
Suez Canal, [178], [223]
Suwalki, [132]
Svatopuk, [150]
Swabians, [170]
Sweden, [100], [101];
Finland and, [102], [103]
Swedish, [100], [102];
Finland, [103]
Switzerland, distribution of languages, tables, [57], [58];
languages, [326-327];
linguistic boundary between French and German (with map), [49-58];
nationality, [54];
Valais and German, [66-67]
Syria, [226], [250], [272], [303];
France and, [245-246], [264], [265];
French states in time of Crusades, map, [245]
Syrians, [296-298];
Nestorians and, [305]
Széchenyi, Stephen, [155]
Szekler, [157], [159], [170]
Tahtajis, [285]
Tatar, [16], [101], [102], [166], [167]
Tatars, [177];
invasion of southern Poland, [113];
Turks and, [279-280]
Taurus, [229-230], [258], [259]
Tchan, [284]
Temesvar, [188]
Teutonic Knights, [104], [105], [118], [119], [120], [132]
Teutons, Celtic influence, [14];
early home, [6];
Slavs and, [181], [330-332].
See also [Germany]
Thessaly, [217]
Thrace,
[166], [175]
Tigris, [238], [239], [294], [301], [302], [307];
Christians, table, [311-312]
Tirnovo, [214]
Tiroler Volksbund, [75]
Toce, [67]
Torre Pellice, [61-62]
Tosks, [193]
Trade, Asiatic and European, [233-236];
language and, [325-327]
Transylvania, [157], [158], [159], [161], [162], [339];
social grouping, [159]
Traveri, [287]
Trent, Italian character, [75];
Bishopric of, [73], [74]
Trentino, [335];
German in, [72];
German invasions, [70];
German propaganda, [75];
Italian dialects in, [72];
Italy’s claims and their basis, [73];
sketch-map showing languages spoken, [71]
Trèves, [287]
Triest, [76], [77]
Troy, [232]
Turani, [306]
Turin, [60], [63]
Turkestan, [283]
Turkey, Armenians and, [293-294];
classification of peoples of Asiatic, table, [310];
danger to Europe past, [82-83];
economic position, [268];
elements of interest, [228];
Europe and, [237];
European powers and, [237];
geographical case of, [221-270];
geographical sections and peoples, [271];
Greeks and Albanians forced into Italy, [89-90];
groups of peoples, [273];
highway of commerce, [222-224], [248];
historic struggle for highway, [226-227];
literature and nationality, [323-325];
nationality, [230];
patriotism absent, [229];
partition, [236-237];
peoples of, [271-313];
Poland and, [120];
railroads, [248-252];
spheres of influence of European powers, [250-251];
summary glance at foreign influence, [269-270];
world selection, [230-236].
See also [Asia Minor]
Turki, [101], [154], [272], [281], [283], [284]
Turkish, [15], [204], [225];
Arabic words, [280];
Bulgarian and, [210];
Persian words, [272]
Turkomans, [283]
Turko-Persian borderland Christians, table, [311-313]
Turks, [154], [165], [167], [168], [171], [186], [187];
customs, [176-177];
European occupation temporary, [177];
exodus, [202];
Greek and Bulgarian division of lands, [207-208];
in Asia Minor, [278-282];
intruders in Europe, [216-217];
race, [280];
religion, language and nationality, [280];
Tatar character, [279-280];
two types, [281]
Tyrol, [75];
German and Italian competition, [74];
southern, [70]
Ukraine, [131], [135]
Upper Silesia, [126];
Germans and Poles, [126-127], [139-140]
Uralo-Altaic, [17]
Urals, [17], [333]
Urartu, [290], [291]
Uskub, [186], [204], [210], [211]
Valais, [51-54];
German in, [66-67]
Valdese valleys, [62]
Valona, [200], [201]
Van, [290]
Vannic, [291], [292]
Var, [64]
Vardar valley, [164], [204]
Venetia, [74];
German dialects in, [68]
Venice, [72], [85], [200];
Dalmatian influence and authority, [85], [87]
Venice, Gulf of, [84]
Veria, Rumanians, [164]
Verse, conversing in, [108]
Vienna, [153], [154], [156]
Vienna, treaty of, [315-316], [328-329]
Vistula, [111], [113], [117], [118], [133], [135], [136], [137]
Vosges, [41], [334]
Walas, [22]
Wallachian verse, [160]
Wallachians, [162], [167], [168]
Wallonia, [19], [28]
Walloon, [19-30]
Walloons, [19-30];
rivalry with Flemings, [28-30]
Warsaw, [123], [124]
Water boundaries, [333]
“Weiler,” [45]
Wends, [133-135];
map of speech area, [134]
White Russians, [113], [136]
Willcocks, Sir Wm., [239]
Witte, H., [37], [44], [45]
Yemen, [306]
Yezidis, [303-304]
Yuruks, [288-289]
Zara, [77], [85]
Zips, [170]
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.
Most illustrations had a repeated label “Fig. nn”; this duplicate label has been removed.
Some Figures and their captions were printed sideways; these have been rotated to the horizontal in the etext.
The ‘per cent’ columns in TABLE I and II on [page 109] were incorrect. The erroneous hundreds digit has been dropped, and the correct results with a total 100.0% are obtained. For example 85.1 replaces the printed 585.1 percentage. TABLE II has been split into two parts for readability.
Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained: for example, halfway, half-way; tableland, table-land; goodwill, good-will; inclosed; coreland; practise; areal; comitat.
[Pg 41]: ‘Hohkönigsberg mountains’ replaced by ‘Hochkönigsberg mountains’.
[Pg 92]: ‘Metkovie’ in TABLE II replaced by ‘Metkovic’.
[Pg 109]: ‘Tota’ in 7th column of TABLE III replaced by ‘Total’.
[Pg 110]: In TABLE IV three cells misplaced on the ‘Vasa’ heading line moved to the correct place on the next line.
[Pg 126]: ‘became a thorny’ replaced by ‘become a thorny’.
[Pg 135]: ‘comprise wealthly’ replaced by ‘comprise wealthy’.
[Pg 155]: ‘and muncipalities were’ replaced by ‘and municipalities were’.
[Pg 158]: ‘between the town of’ replaced by ‘between the towns of’.
[Pg 265]: ‘France the first’ replaced by ‘France in the first’.
[Pg 297]: ‘and the explantion’ replaced by ‘and the explanation’.
[Pg 353]: (Pittard) ‘la Péninsula des’ replaced by ‘la Péninsule des’.
[Pg 355]: (Teutsch) ‘Siebengürger Sachsen’ replaced by ‘Siebenbürger Sachsen’.
[Pg 361]: ‘Linkelbeek’ replaced by ‘Linkebeek’.
[Pg 364]: (Spalato) ‘town, lat. 43° 30°,’ replaced by ‘town, lat. 43° 30′,’.
Footnote [54]: ‘valées italiennes’ replaced by ‘vallées italiennes’.
Footnote [98]: ‘Talko-Hryncevicz’ replaced by ‘Talko-Hryncewicz’.
Footnote [200]: ‘Nasetia Srpskikh zrmalia’ replaced by ‘Naselia Srpskikh zemalia’.