FOOTNOTES
Consult E. Ernault, Petite Grammaire bretonne (Saint-Brieuc, 1897); L. Le Clerc, Grammaire bretonne (Saint-Brieuc, 1908); J. P. Treasure, An Introduction to Breton Grammar (Carmarthen, 1903). For the dialect of Vannes see A. Guillevic and P. Le Goff, Grammaire bretonne du Dialect de Vannes (Vannes, 1902).
Lit. ‘long stone,’ a megalithic monument. See [Chapter II, “Menhirs and Dolmens.”] Students of folk-lore will recognize the symbolic significance of the offering. We seem to have here some connexion with pillar-worship, as found in ancient Crete, and the adoration of the Irminsul among the ancient Saxons.
Charles the Bald.
For the Breton original and the French translation from which the above is adapted see Villemarqué, Barzaz-Breiz, p. 112.
‘Sons of the Chief.’ MacTier is a fairly common name in Scotland to-day.
That it was Neolithic seems undoubted, and in all probability Alpine—i.e. the same race as presently inhabits Brittany. See Dottin, Anciens Peuples de l’Europe (Paris, 1916).
But tolmen in Cornish meant ‘pole of stone.’
Ostensibly, at least; but see the remarks upon modern pagan survivals in Chapter IX, p. [246].
Which might be rendered:
All here is symbol; these grey stones translate
A thought ineffable, but where the key?
Say, shall it be recovered soon or late,
To ope the temple of this mystery?
Not to be confused, of course, with the well-known island mount of the same name.
A Scottish sixteenth-century magical verse was chanted over such a stone:
“I knock this rag wpone this stone,
And ask the divell for rain thereon.”
The writer’s experience is that unlettered British folk often possess much better information concerning the antiquities of a district than its ‘educated’ inhabitants. If this information is not scientific it is full and displays deep personal interest.
Collectionneur breton, t. iii, p.55.
See Comptes rendus de la Société des Antiquaries de France, pp. 95 ff. (1836).
J. G. Campbell, Superstitions of the Scottish Highlands.
Small, Antiquities of Fife.
Traditions de la Haute-Bretagne, t. i, p. 26.
Henderson, Survivals in Belief among the Celts (1911).
Cultes, Mythes, et Religiones, t. iii, pp. 365-433.
Roman de Rou, v. 6415 ff.
Consult original ballad in Vicomte de la Villemarqué’s Chants populaires de la Bretagne.
MacCulloch, The Religion of the Ancient Celts, p. 116 (Edinburgh, 1911).
See Ballads and Metrical Tales, illustrating the Fairy Mythology of Europe (anonymous, London, 1857) for a metrical version of this tale.
Lib. III, cap. vi.
Paris, 1670. Strange that this book should have been seized upon by students of the occult as a ‘text-book’ furnishing longed-for details of the ‘lost knowledge’ concerning elementary spirits, when it is, in effect, a very whole-hearted satire upon belief in such beings!
Villemarqué, Myrdhinn, ou l’Enchanteur Merlin (1861).
MacCulloch, The Religion of the Ancient Celts, p. 122.
Or subterranean dwellers. See D. MacRitchie’s Fians, Fairies, and Picts (1893).
See the chapter on [“Menhirs and Dolmens.”]
Vol. i, p. 231.
Contes populaires de la Haute-Bretagne (Paris, 1880).
Handbuch der deutschen Mythologie.
Saddle.
See the author’s Le Roi d’Ys and other Poems (London, 1910).
Kipling, “Primum Tempus.”
In folk-tales of this nature a ladder is usually made of the bones, but this circumstance seems to have been omitted in the present instance.
See Nutt, Celtic and Mediæval Romance.
La Légende de la Mort.
Religion of the Ancient Celts, p. 345
Folk-lore as an Historical Science, p. 129.
Western France, vol. ii.
See Le Braz, La Légende de la Mort, t. i, p. 39, t. ii, pp. 37 ff.; Albert Le Grand, Vies des Saints de la Bretagne, p. 63; Villemarqué, Chants populaires, pp. 38 ff.
See MacCulloch, Religion of the Ancient Celts, p. 372 and notes.
MacCulloch, op. cit., p. 274.
Villemarqué avouches that this version was taken down by his mother from the lips of an old peasant woman of the parish of Névez. It bears the stamp of ballad poetry, and as it has parallels in the folk-verse of other countries I see no reason to question its genuineness.
See “Maro Markiz Gwerrand,” in the Bulletin de la Société Académique de Brest, 1865.
For the criticism on Villemarqué’s work see H. Gaidoz and P. Sébillot, “Bibliographie des Traditions et de la Littérature populaire de la Bretagne” (in the Revue Celtique, t. v, pp. 277 ff.). The title Barzaz-Breiz means “The Breton Bards,” the author being under the delusion that the early forms of the ballads he collected and altered had been composed by the ancient bards of Brittany.
Once a part of the forest of Broceliande. It has now disappeared.
Barzaz-Breiz, p. 335. Sébillot (Traditions de la Haute-Bretagne, t. i, p. 346) says that he could gain nothing regarding this incident at the village of Saint-Cast but “vague details.”
Rice Holmes, Cæsar’s Conquest, pp. 532-536.
See Rolleston, Myths and Legends of the Celtic Race, p. 66.
See Gomme, Ethnology in Folk-lore, p. 94.
It is of interest to recall the fact that Abélard was born near Nantes, in 1079.
The Flourishing of Romance and the Rise of Allegory, p. 135.
No matter.
I.e. had the best knowledge of medicine. Couthe, from A.S. cunnan to know.
Swinburne, Tristram of Lyonesse.
This incident is common in Celtic romance, and seems to have been widely used in nearly all medieval literatures.
See Rev. Sir G. W. Cox, Introduction to Mythology, p. 326 ff.
See Zimmer, Zeitschrift für Französische Sprache und Literatur, xii, pp. 106 ff.
Religion of the Ancient Celts, p. 289.
GLOSSARY & INDEX
| [A] | [B] | [C] | [D] | [E] | [F] | [G] | [H] | [I] | [J] | [K] | [L] | [M] |
| [N] | [O] | [P] | [Q] | [R] | [S] | [T] | [U] | [V] | [W] | [X] | [Y] | [Z] |
A
Abélard. A Breton monk;
the story of Héloïse and, [248-253]
Aberlady Bay. A bay in the Firth of Forth, Scotland, [357]
Abernethy. A town in Scotland;
the Round Tower at, [52]
Aberystwyth. A town in Wales;
Taliesin buried at, [22]
Adder’s Stone. A substance supposed to have magical properties, employed in Druidic rites, [247];
Héloïse, represented as a sorceress, said to have possessed, [252]
Alain III. Count of Brittany (Count of Vannes);
drives back the Northmen, [25]
Alain IV (Barbe-torte). Arch-chief of Brittany;
defeats the Northmen, [25-26]
Alain V. Duke of Brittany, [27], [28]
Alain Fergant. Duke of Brittany, [30]
Alain. Son of Eudo of Brittany, [29]
Albert le Grand. Monk of Morlaix, [278]
Alchemy. The art of;
the position of, in the fifteenth century, [175];
Gilles de Retz experiments in, [175-179]
Algonquins. A race of North American Indians;
mentioned, [302]
Ali Baba. The story of;
mentioned, [316]
All Souls’ Day. The custom of leaving food for the dead on, [383]
Aloïda. A maiden;
in the ballad of the Marriage-girdle, [234-236]
‘Alpine’ Race. A European ethnological division;
the Bretons probably belong to, [14], [37] n.
Amenophis III. An Egyptian king;
mentioned, [43]
America. See [United States]
Angers. A town in France;
St Convoyon goes to, to obtain holy relics from the cathedral, [336]
Animals. Frequently the bearers of divine aid, in legends of the saints, [347];
St Pol noted for his miraculous power over wild beasts, [366]
Animism, [86-87]
Ankou, The. The death-spirit of Brittany, [101-102]
Annaïk. A maiden;
in a story of the Marquis of Guérande, [199-202]
Anne. Duchess of Brittany;
married to Charles VIII of France, and then to Louis XII, [36];
the oratory of, in the château of Dinan, [209];
gives the château of Suscino to John of Châlons, [210]
Antwerp. The city;
relics of St Winwaloe preserved in the Jesuit church of St Charles at, [371];
mentioned, [205]
Apple, The. Said to have been introduced into Brittany by Telio, [18]
Ardmore. A town in Ireland;
the Round Tower at, [51-52]
Arez, Mountains of. Same as [Montagnes d’Arrée], which see
Argoed. A place in Wales;
battle of, [22]
Armagh. A city in Ireland;
Budoc made Bishop of, [356]
Armenia. The country;
were-wolf superstition in, [291]
Armor (‘On the Sea’). The ancient Celtic name for Brittany, [13]
Armorica. The Latin name for the country of Brittany, [13], [15];
Julius Cæsar in, [16];
two British kingdoms in, [19];
the first monastery in, founded by Gwénnolé, [185];
King Arthur hunts wild beasts in, [278];
St Samson bidden to go to, [349]
Arthur, King. British chieftain, of legendary fame;
his finding of Excalibur, [256-257];
his encounter with the giant of Mont-Saint-Michel, [275-277];
his existence doubted by Bretons in the twelfth century, [278];
his fight with the dragon at the Lieue de Grève, [278-281];
carried to the Isle of Avalon after his last battle, [282];
Gugemar at the Court of, [292];
his contest with Modred, [344];
his sister Margawse the wife of King Lot of Lothian, [357];
mentioned, [64], [66], [173], [212], [224]
Arthur. Duke of Brittany, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet;
murdered by King John of England, [30]
Arthurian Romance. Resemblances in Villemarqué’s Barzaz-Breiz to, [224];
the controversy as to the original birthplace of, [228], [254-255];
indigenous to British soil, [255]
Arz. See [Ile d’Arz]
Ash-tree, The Lay of the. One of the Lais of Marie de France, [317-320]
Auchentorlie. An estate in Scotland;
inscribed stones at, [46]
Auchinleck MS. A manuscript containing a version of the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [272]
Audierne, Bay of. A bay on the Breton coast;
national costume in the district of, [376]
Aulnoy, Comtesse d’. Noted seventeenth-century French authoress;
mentioned, [144]
Auray. A town in Brittany;
battle at, [35];
centre from which to visit the megaliths of Carnac, [42]
Avalon, Isle of. A fabled island to which King Arthur was carried after his last battle, [282]
Avenue of Sphinxes. At Karnak, Egypt, [43]
Azénor. Mother of St Budoc of Dol, [354-356]
Azénor the Pale. A maiden;
the legend of, [360-364]
B
Bacchus. The Greek god of wine;
mentioned, [189]
Balon. Monastery of;
St Tivisiau and, [338-339]
Ban. King of Benwik;
father of Sir Lancelot, [257]
Bangor Teivi. A village in Wales;
Taliesin said to have died at, [22]
Baranton, The Fountain of. A magical fountain in Broceliande, [70-71]
Bard. Singer or poet attached to noble households;
late survival of the custom of maintaining, [364]
Barking Women. A phenomenon connected with religious festivals, [380]
Baron of Jauioz, The. A ballad, [145-147]
Barron. A fictitious youth;
in a story of Gilles de Retz, [178]
Barzaz-Breiz (“The Breton Bards”). A collection of Breton ballads made by Villemarqué;
cited (under sub-title, Chants populaires de la Bretagne), [57] n.;
criticism of, [211-212]
Bass Rock. An islet in the Firth of Forth, [359]
Batz.
I. An island off the coast of Brittany; St Pol settles on, [365-366]
II. A town in Brittany, [373]
Bayard, The Chevalier de. A famous French knight;
mentioned, [31]
Bean Nighe (‘The Washing Woman’). An evil spirit of the Scottish Highlands, [100]
Beaumanoir. A Breton noble house, [229]
Beauty and the Beast. The story of;
mentioned, [137]
Beauvau. Matthew, Seigneur of;
in the story of the Clerk of Rohan, [190-193]
Bedivere, Sir. One of King Arthur’s knights;
accompanies Arthur on his expedition against the giant of Mont-Saint-Michel, [275-277]
Bees. Cultivated by the monks of Dol, [19];
St Pol taught the people to cultivate, [366]
Beignon. A town in Brittany, [360]
Belgium. Mentioned, [52]
Beliagog. A giant;
in the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [271]
Belsunce de Castelmoron, Henri-François-Xavier de. Bishop of Marseilles;
mentioned, [195]
Benediction of the Beasts. A festival held at Carnac, [45]
Berhet. A village in Brittany;
the custom of ringing the sacring bell still observed in the church of St Bridget at, [380]
Berry. John, Duke of;
mentioned, [145]
Berry. Caroline, Duchess of;
imprisoned in the castle of Nantes, [205]
Bertrand de Dinan. A Breton knight, [29]
Bieuzy. A town in Brittany;
the Holy Well of St Bieuzy at, [381]
Bigouden. A cap worn by the women in some parts of Brittany, [376]
Biniou. A musical instrument resembling the bagpipe;
one of the national instruments of Brittany, [229];
played at weddings, [386]
Birds. In Breton tradition, the dead supposed to return to earth in the form of, [227];
frequently messengers in ballad literature, [233];
in the legends of the saints, commonly the bearers of divine aid, [347]
Bisclaveret. The Breton name for a were-wolf;
in the Lay of the Were-wolf, [287-289], [291]
Black Mountain. The name of one of the peaks of the Black Mountains, [197]
Black Mountains. A mountain chain in Brittany, [196]
Blanche of Castile. Mother of Louis IX, [208]
Blancheflour. Princess, sister of King Mark, mother of Tristrem;
in the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [258-259], [261]
Blois. A famous French château;
mentioned, [206]
Blois, Charles of. Duke of Brittany;
contests the succession to the duchy, [30-32];
taken prisoner by Joan of Flanders, [31];
the marriage of, with Joan of Penthièvre, [32];
defeated at Auray, [35];
the château of Suscino taken by, [210]
Bluebeard. The villain in the nursery-tale;
Gilles de Retz identified with, [174], [180];
the story of, identified with the story of Comorre and Triphyna, [180]
Blue Chamber. A boudoir in the château of Tourlaville, [209]
Bodmin. A town in Cornwall;
mentioned, [278]
Boiteux. A fiend;
in the story of the Princess Starbright, [123], [124], [125]
Boncotest, College of. One of the colleges of the old University of Paris;
Fontenelle at, [229]
Bonny Kilmeny. A ballad by James Hogg;
mentioned, [327]
Bourdais, Marc. A peasant, nicknamed Maraud;
in the story of the Lost Daughter, [75-77]
Bouteville. John of, Seigneur of Faouet;
mentioned, [335]
Boy who Served the Fairies, The. The story of, [88-95]
Bran (‘Crow’). A Breton warrior;
the story of, [225-227];
analogies between the story of, and the poem of Sir Tristrem, [227-228]
Brengwain. A lady of Ysonde’s suite;
in the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [267], [269], [271], [272]
Brenha, Father José. A Portuguese antiquary;
mentioned, [47]
Breochan. A legendary Welsh king, father of St Nennocha, [340]
Bréri. A Breton poet, [255]
Brest. A town in Brittany, [354], [368], [371]
Breton. The language, [15-16]
Bretons. The race;
their origin and affinities, [13-15], [17], [37] n.;
Bretons join William of Normandy in his expedition against England, [29], [232], [233];
send an expedition to help Owen Glendower, [234];
defeat the English in a naval battle, [236]
Brevelenz. A village in Brittany;
a fireplace in the church of, [381]
Brezonek. The language spoken by the Bretons, [15-16]
Brian. Son of Eudo of Brittany, [29]
Bride of Satan, The. The story of, [143-144];
mentioned, [147]
Britain. Celts flee from, to Brittany, before the Saxon invaders, [15], [17];
subject kingdoms of, in Brittany, [19];
immigrants from, in Brittany, form a confederacy and fight against the Franks, [22-23];
the headquarters of the Druidic cult, [245];
Arthurian romance indigenous to, [255];
St Patern founds religious houses in, [348];
St Samson fled from, to Brittany, [350];
Procopius’ story of the ferrying of the Breton dead over to, [383-384]
Britons. The race;
members of, emigrate to Brittany, [15], [17], [22-23];
carried Arthurian romance to Brittany, [254], [255]
Brittany. Divisions and character of the country, [13];
Julius Cæsar in, [16];
the Latin tongue did not spread over, [17];
the origin of the name, [17];
Nomenoë wins the independence of, [23];
invaded by Northmen, [25];
the Northmen expelled from, [26];
division of, into counties and seigneuries, [27];
relations with Normandy, [27-30];
French influences in, [30];
the War of the Two Joans, [30-31], [35-36];
annexed to France by Francis I, [36];
the prehistoric stone monuments of, [37-53];
the fairies of, [54-95];
the sprites and demons of, [96-105];
‘world-tales’ in, [106-155];
folk-tales of, [156-172];
popular legends of, [173-202];
the châteaux of, [202-210];
hero-tales of, [211-240];
sends help to Owen Glendower in his conflict with the English, [234];
a British army in, [237];
the black art in, [241-253];
Arthurian romance in, [254-282];
Arthur found Excalibur in, [256];
Tristrem in, [270-271], [272];
the scene of the Lais of Marie de France, [284];
the saints of, [332-371];
many saints in, [350];
costumes of, [372-377];
customs of, [378-388];
religious observance in, [377-378];
holy wells in, [381-382];
observances relating to the dead and interments, [382-384], [386-388];
Calvaries in, [384-385];
wedding ceremonies in, [385-386]
Brittany, Counts and Dukes of. See under [Alain]; [Arthur]; [Blois, Charles of]; [Conan]; [Dreux]; [Eudo]; [Francis]; [Geoffrey]; [Hoel]; [John]; and [Salomon]
Brittia. Procopius’ name for Britain, [383]
Broceliande. A forest in Brittany, [54-73];
the shrine of Arthurian story, [55];
the Korrigan a denizen of, [56];
the scene of the adventures of Merlin and Vivien, [64];
the fountain of Baranton in, [70-71];
lines on, [71];
in the story of Bruno of La Montagne, [72-73];
the wood of Helléan a part of, [221];
mentioned, [338]
Brodineuf. A Breton château, [207]
Brownies. Elfish beings of small size;
distinct from fairies, [87]
Brunhilda. Queen of Austrasia;
mentioned, [31]
Bruno of La Montagne. The story of, [72-73]
Bruyant. A friend of Butor of La Montagne;
in the story of Bruno of La Montagne, [72-73]
Bugelnoz, or Teus. A beneficent spirit of the Vannes district, [100]
Burial Customs. In Brittany, [382-384], [386-388]
Burns, Robert. The poet;
his use of old songs and ballads, [211];
mentioned, [241]
Buron. A knight;
in the Lay of the Ash-tree, [318-320]
Butor. Baron of La Montagne;
in the story of Bruno of La Montagne, [72]
C
Cadoudal, Georges. A Chouan leader;
mentioned, [25]
Caerleon-upon-Usk. A town in Wales;
Tristrem sails for, [263];
mentioned, [21]
Cæsar. See [Julius]
Calendar, The. Supernatural beings often associated with, [97]
Caliburn. A name for Excalibur. See [Excalibur]
Callernish. A district in the island of Lewis, Outer Hebrides;
mentioned, [53]
Calvaries. Representations of the passion on the Cross;
common in Brittany, [384-385]
Camaret. A town in Brittany;
megaliths at, [41]
Camelot. A legendary town in England, the scene of King Arthur’s Court;
the battle at, in which King Arthur was killed, [344];
mentioned, [64]
Canados. King Mark’s Constable, in the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [272]
Cancoet. A village in Brittany;
the Maison des Follets at, [49]
Caradeuc. A Breton château, [207]
Cardigan Bay. A bay in Wales;
the site of a submerged city, according to Welsh legend, [187], [188]
Cardiganshire. Welsh county;
mentioned, [22]
Carhaix. A town in Brittany;
Comorre the ruler of, [180]
Carnac. A town in Brittany;
the megaliths at, [42-45];
the legend of, [44-45];
the ‘Benediction of the Beasts’ at, [45];
sometimes called ‘Ty C’harriquet,’ [98];
its megaliths supposed to have been built by the gorics, [98];
the gorics’ revels around the megaliths of, [99]
Caroline. Queen of England, wife of George II;
mentioned, [196]
Castle of the Sun, The. The story of, [131-137]
Cattwg. A town in Wales;
Taliesin and Gildas said to have been educated at the school of, [21]
Cayot Délandre, F. M. A Breton poet, [43]
‘Celtic.’ The term;
its disputed connotation, [37]
Celts. The race;
the Bretons a division of, [14-15];
Druidism may not have originated with, [245];
musical and poetic elements in the temperament of, [339]
Chamber of the Black Cavalier. In the ballad of Azénor the Pale, [362]
Chambord. A famous French château;
mentioned, [206]
Champ Dolent (‘Field of Woe’). The field in which the menhir of Dol stands, [40];
the battle in, [40]
Champtocé. A Breton château;
the home of Gilles de Retz, [175], [176], [179-180]
Changelings. The Breton fairies and, [83]
Chansons de Gestes. Medieval French poems with an heroic theme;
Villemarqué’s work marked by the style of, [224-225]
Chants populaires de la Bretagne. The sub-title of Villemarqué’s Barzaz-Breiz. See [Barzaz-Breiz]
Chapelle du Duc. A chapel at Tréguier, built by Duke John V, [353]
Charlemagne. The Emperor;
mentioned, [225]
Charles I (the Bald). King of France;
Nomenoë rises against, [23], [337-338]
Charles V. King of France;
mentioned, [32]
Charles VI. King of France;
mentioned, [174]
Charles VIII. King of France;
Anne of Brittany married to, [36]
Charles. A youth;
in the story of the Princess of Tronkolaine, [115-121]
Chase, The. Superstitions of, [301]
Château des Paulpiquets. A name given to a megalithic structure in Questembert, [49]
Châteaux. Of Brittany;
their rich legendary and historical associations, [202-203];
stories of, [203-210]
Châteaubriand. François-René-Auguste, Viscount of;
famous French writer and statesman;
associated with the château of Comburg, [207]
Châteaubriant. A Breton château, [207]
Châteaubriant. Françoise de Foix, Countess of;
a story of her relations with King Francis I and her fate, [207];
the château of Suscino given to, by Francis I, [210]
Chaveau-Narishkine, Countess. Restored the château of Kerjolet, [208]
Childebat. A Breton king, [366];
and St Pol, [367]
Chramne. Son of Clotaire I, King of the Franks, [40]
Christianity. St Samson teaches, in Brittany, [17-19];
the Curiosolites refuse to receive the teachings of St Malo, [342]
Church. The early;
hostility of, to the fairies, [56]
Cinderella. The story of;
mentioned, [144]
Cisalpine Gaul. Roman province;
had no Druidic priesthood, [245]
Clairschach. The Highland harp;
replaced as the national instrument by the bagpipe, [229]
Claude. Queen of Francis I of France, [36]
Cléder. A town in Brittany;
St Keenan built a monastery at, [344]
Clerk of Rohan, The. The story of, [189-193]
Clisson. A Breton château, [204-205]
Clisson, Oliver de. A celebrated Breton soldier, Constable of France;
fought in the War of the Two Joans, [35], [204];
and the château of Clisson, [204];
and the château of Josselin, [205], [206]
Clotaire I. King of the Franks, [40]
Coadelan. The manor of;
occupied by Fontenelle, [230], [231];
has gone to decay, [232]
Coadelan, The Lady of. Her daughter carried off by Fontenelle, [229-230]
Coat-Squiriou, Marquis of. In the story of the Youth who did not Know, [106-109]
Cockno. A place in Scotland;
inscribed stones at, [47]
Coesoron. A river in Brittany, [17]
Coêtman. The house of, [204]
Coêtman, Viscount of. A Breton nobleman;
mentioned, [204-205]
Coëtquen, Tower of. One of the towers in the city wall of Dinan, [209]
specimens of, in the museum at Kerjolet, [208]
See [Head-dress]
Cole, King. A half-legendary British king;
mentioned, [173]
Colodoc. A name given to St Keenan. See [St Keenan]
Combat of Saint-Cast, The. The ballad of, [236-238]
Combourg. A Breton château, [207-208];
Châteaubriand associated with, [208]
Comorre the Cursed. The story of, [180-184];
mentioned, [382]
Comte de Gabalis, Le. The Abbé de Villars’ work;
mentioned, [64]
Conan I. Count of Brittany (Count of Rennes), [27]
Conan II. Duke of Brittany;
and Duke William of Normandy, [27-29]
Conan III. Duke of Brittany, [30];
patron of Abélard, [248]
Conan IV. Duke of Brittany, [30]
Conan. Father of Morvan, [215]
Concarneau. A town in Brittany;
megaliths at, [42];
the château of Kerjolet in, [208]
Concoret. A town in Brittany;
had a reputation as the abode of sorcerers, [242]
Concurrus. A village in Brittany;
megaliths at, [42]
Connaught. An Irish province;
St Keenan a native of, [343]
Constance. Daughter of Conan IV of Brittany;
married to Geoffrey Plantagenet, [30]
Contes populaires de la Haute-Bretagne. P. Sébillot’s work;
cited, [83] n.
Cork. A county of Ireland;
mentioned, [355]
Cornouaille. A district in Brittany;
the ancient Cornubia, [19];
formed by immigrants from Britain, [23];
Azénor the Pale, a ballad of, [360-364];
distinctive national costume in, [372];
mentioned, [108]
Cornubia. A British kingdom in Armorica, the modern Cornouaille, [19]
Cornwall. An English county, anciently a kingdom;
in the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [257-262];
mentioned, [278]
Corseul. A town in Brittany;
the people of, refuse the teachings of St Malo, [342-343]
Corstorphine. A village near Edinburgh;
the legend of the building of the church at, [51]
specimens of, in the museum at Kerjolet, [208];
the faithfulness of the Bretons to their national costume, [372];
the varieties of, [372-377];
the costume of Cornouaille, [372];
of Quimper, [372-373];
of the workers of the Escoublac district, [373-374];
of the women of Granville, [374];
of the women of Ouessant, [374];
of the men of St Pol, [375];
of Pont l’Abbé and the Bay of Audierne, [376];
of Morlaix, [376-377];
gala dress in Brittany, [377]
Côtes-du-Nord. One of the departments of Brittany, [13];
part of the ancient kingdom of Domnonia, [19];
mentioned, [41], [88], [167], [282], [351]
Coudre. A maiden;
in the Lay of the Ash-tree, [319-320]
Courils. A race of gnomes peculiar to Brittany, [87], [98-99]
Couronnes de Ste Barbe. Amulets sold at the festival of St Barbe at Le Faouet, [333]
Cox, Rev. Sir G. W. Cited, [275] n.
Craon. The house of, [174]
Crions. A race of gnomes peculiar to the ruins of Tresmalouen, [99]
Cromlech. The term;
its derivation and significance, [38]
Cross of the Thousand Sails. A monument at Guic-sezne, [370]
Crusades. Mentioned, [190]
Culross. A town in Scotland;
St Kentigern born at, [357]
Cup-and-ring Altar. A monument discovered in the Milton of Colquhoun district, Scotland, [47]
Cup-and-ring Markings. Symbols inscribed on megaliths;
their meaning and purpose, [46-48]
Cupid and Psyche. The story of;
mentioned, [137]
Curiosolitæ. A Gallic tribe which inhabited Brittany, [16];
the Curiosolites refuse to receive Christian teaching from St Malo, [342-343]
Cymbeline. A half-legendary British king;
mentioned, [173]
D
Dagworth, Sir Thomas. An English knight;
at the battle of La Roche-Derrien, [31]
Dahut. Princess, daughter of Gradlon;
in the legend of Ys, [185], [186]
Danaë. A maiden, in Greek mythology, mother of Perseus;
mentioned, [358]
Daoine Sidhe. Irish deities, [87]
Daoulas. A village in Brittany;
the statue of the Virgin in the abbey of, adorned with a girdle of rubies, [236]
Dead, The. In Breton tradition, supposed to return to earth in the form of birds, [227];
food left for, [382-383], [387];
burial customs, [382-384], [386-388];
the Breton dead ferried over to Britain, [383-384]
Death-bird. A bird whose note is supposed to portend misfortune to the maiden who hears it, [145], [147]
Death-spirit. The Ankou, [101-102]
Deer God. A deity of the North American Indians, [301]
Délandre, Cayot. See [Cayot]
Demeter. Greek corn goddess;
mentioned, [59]
Demon Lover, The. A Scottish ballad;
mentioned, [144]
Demons. Of Brittany, [96-105];
the invariable accompaniment of an illiterate peasantry, [96]
Denis Pyramus. An Anglo-Norman chronicler;
on the poems of Marie de France, [284]
Desonelle, Princess. Heroine of Sir Torrent of Portugal;
mentioned, [358]
Devil, The. The erection of the megalithic monuments ascribed to, [49];
the Teus and, [100]
See also [Satan]
Diana. Roman moon-goddess;
mentioned, [74]
Diancecht. An Irish god;
mentioned, [247]
Dinan.
I. A town in Brittany, [194], [195], [209]
II. The château of, [209]
Dol. A town in Brittany;
the menhir near, [18], [39-40], [318];
St Samson settled near, [18];
the Northmen defeated by Alain Barbe-torte near, [26];
the legend of the menhir of, [40];
Buron lived at, [318];
St Turiau, or Tivisiau, associated with, [338-339];
the legend of the founding of, by St Samson, [350];
the legend of St Budoc of, [353-358]
Dol, Bishop of. And St Tivisiau, [338-339]
Dol des Marchands. The name given to a dolmen near Dol, [48]
Dolmens. Derivation and meaning of the term, [38];
purpose of the monuments, [38-39];
the dolmen-chapel at Plouaret, [41];
the dolmen at Trégunc, [42];
the dolmen at Rocenaud, [46];
cup-and-ring markings upon, [46-48];
the dolmen at Penhapp, [48];
the dolmen near the wood of Rocher, [50];
the dolmen at La Lande-Marie, [51];
the dolmen of Essé, [53];
haunted by nains, [96];
cup-hollows on, may have been intended as receptacles for food for the dead, [383]
Dolorous Knight, The Lay of the, or The Lay of the Four Sorrows. One of the Lais of Marie de France, [328-331]
Domnonée. A county of Brittany, [23]
See also [Domnonia]
Domnonia. A British kingdom in Armorica, [19], [27]
See also [Domnonée]
Dottin, Georges. Cited, [37] n.
Douarnenez, Bay of. A bay on the Breton coast;
the city of Ys said to have been situated there, [185]
Drachenfels. A famous castle on the Rhine;
mentioned, [203]
Dreux, Pierre de. Duke of Brittany;
defeats John of England at Nantes, [30]
Drez, Job Ann. A sexton;
in a story of the Yeun, [103-105]
Druidism. In early times, sorcery identified with, [245];
the question whether Druidism was of Celtic or non-Celtic origin, [245];
the nature of the practices of, [245-248];
survival of Druidic spells and ritual, [246];
an Eastern origin claimed for, [247];
survivals of the Druidic priesthood, [247];
a college of Druidic priestesses situated near Nantes, [253];
mentioned, [53]
See also [Druids]
Druids. Origin of the cult, [245];
the nature of their practices, [245-246];
in the legend of Kentigern’s birth, condemn Thenaw, [357]
See also [Druidism]
Dublin. The city;
Tristrem comes to, [263];
Tristrem’s second visit to, [265]
Dubric. Archbishop who officiated at the marriage of King Arthur and Guinevere, [67]
Du Guesclin, Bertrand. A famous knight, Constable of France;
helps Charles of Blois in the War of the Two Joans, [31-32];
a notable figure in Breton legend, [32];
buried at Saint-Denis, [32];
the legend of the Ward of, [33-35];
taken prisoner at the battle of Auray, [35]
Dungiven. A town in Ireland;
Druidic ritual still observed at, [246]
Dunpender. A mountain in East Lothian, now called Traprain Law;
Thenaw cast from, [357]
Dusii. Spirits inhabiting Gaul, [100]
Dylan. A British sea-god;
mentioned, [69]
Dyonas. A god of the Britons;
Vivien sometimes represented as the daughter of, [69]
E
Edinburgh. The city;
Edmund. King of East Anglia;
mentioned, [284]
Eliduc, The Lay of. One of the Lais of Marie de France, [305-313]
Ellé. A river in Brittany, [19], [332]
Élorn. A river in Brittany, [19]
Elphin. Son of the Welsh chieftain Urien;
taught by Taliesin, [21]
Elves. In Teutonic mythology, diminutive spirits;
the fairy race of Celtic countries may have been confused with, [87]
Emerald Coast, The. A district in the southern portion of Brittany, [13]
England.
I. The country;
loses its ancient British name, which becomes that of Brittany, [17];
Bretons who accompanied William the Conqueror receive land in, [232];
Bretons invade, from Wales, [234];
claimed as the birthplace of Arthurian romance, [254];
King Arthur moves against the Emperor Lucius’ threatened invasion of, [275];
the existence of King Arthur credited in, in the twelfth century, [278];
Marie de France lived in, [283]
II. The State;
supports John of Montfort’s claim to Brittany, [31]
Enora. See [St Enora]
Equitan, The Lay of. One of the Lais of Marie de France, [313-317]
Erdeven. A town in Brittany;
megaliths at, [42]
Ermonie. A mythical kingdom, in the story of Tristrem and Ysonde;
Roland Rise, Lord of, [258];
Duke Morgan becomes Lord of, [259];
Tristrem returns to, [261]
Ernault, E. Cited, [16] n.
Eryri, Mount. King Arthur slew the giant Ritho upon, [277]
Escoublac. A town in Brittany, [373]
Essé. A village in Brittany;
the dolmen of, [53]
Estaing, Pierre d’. A French alchemist;
mentioned, [175]
Étang de Laval. A lake, supposed to cover the site of the submerged city of Ys, [185]
Ethwije. Wife of Geoffrey I of Brittany, [196], [198]
Eudo. Count of Brittany, son of Geoffrey I, [27], [29]
Eufuerien. King of Cumbria, [357]
Even the Great. Breton leader;
defeats the Norsemen at the battle of Kerlouan, [225], [227]
Ewen. Son of Eufuerien, King of Cumbria, [357]
Excalibur. King Arthur’s miraculous sword;
given to Arthur in Brittany, [256-257];
Arthur kills the giant of Mont-Saint-Michel with, [277];
mentioned, [280]
Exeter. The city;
mentioned, [307]
F
Fables. Of Marie de France, [283]
Fairies. Credited with the erection of the megalithic monuments, [49-52];
magically imprisoned in dolmens, trees, and pillars, [52];
the fairy lore of Brittany bears evidence of Celtic influence, [54];
the fairies of Brittany hostile to man, [54], [55-56], [85];
the Church the enemy of, [56];
what derived from, in folk-lore, [73-74];
the varying conceptions of, [73];
the Bretons’ ideas of, [74-75];
the fairies of the houles, [75], [88];
the fairies’ distaste for being recognized, and stories illustrating this, [82];
bestow magical sight, [82-83];
and changelings, [83];
prone to take animal, bird, and fish shapes, [83-84];
probable reasons for the fairies’ malevolence, [85-86];
origin of the fairy idea, [85-87];
may have originally been deities, [87];
in Brittany, conceived as of average mortal height, [87];
the Margots la fée, a variety of, [88];
a story illustrating fairy malevolence, [88];
the fairy-woman in the Lay of Graelent, [322-328]
Fairyland. Graelent enters, [326];
identified with the Celtic Otherworld, [327];
a place of death and remoteness, [328]
Fairy-wife. A folk-lore motif, [327]
Falcon, The. A ballad, [196-198]
Farmer, Captain George. Commander of the Quebec;
in a Breton ballad, [238]
Fays. See [Fairies]
February. The month;
personified in the story of Princess Starbright, [128-129]
Félix. Bishop of Quimper, [337]
Feuillet, Octave. A French novelist;
mentioned, [206]
Finette Cendron (‘Cinderella’). Mme d’Aulnoy’s story of;
mentioned, [144]
Finistère. One of the departments of Brittany, [13];
part of the ancient kingdom of Domnonia, [19];
Fions. A name sometimes given to the fairies in Brittany, occurring also in Scottish and Irish folk-lore, [74]
Fire-goddess. St Barbe probably represents the survival of a, [334]
Fireplaces in Breton churches, [380-381]
Fisherman and the Fairies, The. The story of, [80-83]
Flamel, Nicolas. A French alchemist;
mentioned, [175]
Flanders. The country;
Gugemar in, [292];
mentioned, [145]
Folk-tales. Of Brittany, [156-172]
Fontenelle, Guy Eder De. A Breton leader, associated with the Catholic League, [229-232]
Förster, Professor Wendelin. And the origin of Arthurian romance, [254]
Forth. A river in Scotland;
mentioned, [357]
Forth, Firth of. Mentioned, [356], [359]
Foster-brother, The. The story of, [167-172]
Foucault, Jean. A Breton peasant;
a story of, [244]
Fougères. A town in Brittany;
had a reputation as the dwelling-place of sorcerers, [242]
Fouquet, Nicolas. A French statesman;
imprisoned in the castle of Nantes, [205]
Four Sorrows, The Lay of the, or The Lay of the Dolorous Knight. One of the Lais of Marie de France, [328-331]
Fragan. Governor of Léon, father of St Winwaloe, [370]
France.
I. The country;
manners and fashions of, spread in Brittany, [30];
the were-wolf superstition prevalent in, [291]
II. The State;
intervenes in the conflict between Brittany and Normandy, [30];
Brittany annexed by, under Francis I, [36]
Francis I. King of France;
annexes Brittany to France, [36];
and Françoise de Foix, the Countess of Châteaubriant, [207];
gives the château of Suscino to Françoise de Foix, [210]
Francis I. Duke of Brittany, [36]
Franks. The people;
exercised a nominal suzerainty over Brittany, [23];
Morvan fights with, [216-221];
“Morvan will return to drive the Franks from the Breton land,” [224]
Franks, King of The. In Villemarqué’s Barzaz-Breiz;
and Morvan’s fight with the Moor, [218-220];
Morvan fights with, [220-221];
the character drawn in the style of the chansons de gestes, [224]
Fredegonda. Queen of Neustria;
mentioned, [31]
Frémiet, Emmanuel. A French sculptor;
mentioned, [206]
Frêne. A maiden;
in the Lay of the Ash-tree, [318-320]
Fulbert. A canon of Notre-Dame, Paris, uncle of Héloïse, [249];
mutilated Abélard, [250]
Funeral Customs and Ceremonies. In Brittany, [382-384], [386-388]
G
Gaidoz, H. Cited, [212] n.
Ganhardin. Brother of Ysonde of the White Hand;
in the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [271-272], [273]
Garb of Old Gaul, The. A song;
mentioned, [237]
Gargantua. A mythical giant;
the erection of the megalithic monuments ascribed to, [49]
Garlon, The Clerk of. In a legend of the Marquis of Guérande, [199-202]
Gavr’inis (‘Goat Island’). An island in the Gulf of Morbihan;
the tumulus at, [48];
nains’ inscriptions on the megaliths of, [98]
Gawaine, Sir. One of King Arthur’s knights;
mentioned, [357]
Geber. An Arabian alchemist;
mentioned, [175]
Geoffrey I. Duke of Brittany, [27];
in the legend of the Falcon, [196]
Geoffrey II (Plantagenet). Duke of Brittany, [30]
Geoffrey of Monmouth. An English chronicler;
the presentation of Vivien in his work, [69];
and the presentation of Merlin, [70];
acknowledged a Breton source for his work, [255]
Gildas. A British chronicler;
fellow-pupil with Taliesin at the school of Cattwg, [21];
St Keenan associated with, [343];
St Bieuzy a friend and disciple of, [345];
the bell of, in the chapel at La Roche-sur-Blavet, [345];
St Bieuzy dies in the presence of, [346];
St Pol of Léon a fellow-student of, [364]
Giraldus Cambrensis. A Welsh chronicler;
and the legend of the submerged city, [187]
Girdle. Superstition of the, [302]
Glain Neidr. The sea-snake’s egg or adder’s stone, used in Druidic rites, [247];
Héloïse, represented as a sorceress, said to have possessed, [252]
Glasgow. The city;
Goelc. A seigneury of Brittany;
a Count of, the father of St Budoc of Dol, [354], [355]
Goezenou. A village in Brittany;
the cheeses petrified by St Goezenou preserved in the church of, [369];
holy well at, [382]
Goidelic Dialect. A Celtic tongue, [15]
Golden Bell, Château of the. In the story of the Youth who did not Know, [111-114]
Golden Bell, Princess. In the story of the Youth who did not Know, [110-115]
Golden Herb. A plant supposed in Druidical times to possess magical properties, [247-248]
Gomme, Sir G. L. Cited, [173], [247] n.
Gorics. A race of gnomes peculiar to Brittany, [87], [98-99]
Goulven. A village in Brittany;
historical tablet in the church of, [225]
Gouvernayl. Servitor to Tristrem;
in the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [263], [264]
Gradlon Meur. A ruler of Ys;
in the legend of the city, [185-186];
the statue of, at Quimper, [188-189];
supposed to have introduced the vine into Brittany, [189]
Graelent, The Lay of. One of the Lais of Marie de France, [320-328]
Grail. Legend of the;
a parallel incident in the Lay of Gugemar and, [301-302]
Grallo. King of Brittany;
and St Ronan, [367]
Grand Mont. An eminence upon which St Gildas built his abbey, [249]
Grand Troménie. The special celebration of the Pardon of the Mountain held every sixth year, [379-380]
Granville. A town in Brittany;
women’s costume in, [374]
Grifescorne. King of the Demons;
in the story of the Youth who did not Know, [111], [114]
Groabgoard. An image at Quinipily, [381]
Grottes aux Fées. Name given to the megalithic monuments by the Bretons, [48], [49]
Guémené. A town in Brittany, [334]
Guérande. A town in Brittany, [198]
Guérande. Louis-François, Marquis of;
the story of, [199-202]
Guerech. Count of Vannes;
in the story of Comorre the Cursed, [180-181], [183], [184]
Gugemar, The Lay of. One of the Lais of Marie de France, [292-302]
Guic-sezne. A town in Brittany, [370]
Guildeluec. Wife of Eliduc, [306-313]
Guillardun. A princess;
in the Lay of Eliduc, [307-313]
Guillevic, A. Cited, [16] n.
Guimiliau. A town in Brittany;
the Calvary at, [384-385]
Guindy. A river in Brittany, [167], [220]
Guinevere. King Arthur’s Queen;
mentioned, [67];
comforted by St Keenan after Arthur’s death, [344]
Guingamp. A town in Brittany, [229]
Gwen. Mother of St Winwaloe, [370]
Gwenaloe (‘He that is white’). The Breton name for St Winwaloe, [370]
Gwenn-Estrad. A place in Wales;
battle of, [22]
Gwennolaïk. A maiden of Tréguier;
in the story of the Foster-brother, [167-172]
Gwénnolé. A holy man;
in the legend of the city of Ys, [185], [186]
Gwezklen. The Breton name for Du Guesclin, [32]
See [Du Guesclin]
Gwindeluc. A monk, a disciple of St Convoyon, [335]
Gwyddno. Twelfth-century Welsh bard;
relates the story of the submerged city, [188]
H
Hainault. A Belgian province;
mentioned, [328]
Harp, The. Not now popular in Brittany, but in ancient times one of the national instruments, [228-229]
Hatchet of Brittany, The. An appellation of Morvan, [221]
Haute-Bécherel. A town in Brittany;
pagan temple at, [342]
Head-dress. Of the women of the Escoublac district, [374];
of the women of Ouessant, [374];
of the women of Villecheret, [375];
of the men of Brittany, does not vary much, [375];
headgear of the men of Plougastel, [375];
of the women of Muzillac, [376];
of the women of Pont l’Abbé and the Bay of Audierne, [376];
of the women of Morlaix, [376]
See also [COIFFES]
Heaven. An old Breton conception of, [388], [390-391]
Helena, Lady. Niece of Duke Hoel I of Brittany;
carried off by the giant of Mont-Saint-Michel, [275], [276]
Hell. In the story of the Bride of Satan, [144];
an old Breton conception of, [388-389]
Helléan, Wood of. A former part of the forest of Broceliande, [221], [224]
Heloïse. An abbess, beloved of Abélard;
the story of Abélard and, [248-253];
in a Breton ballad represented as a sorceress, [250-253]
Hénan. Manor of, in Brittany, [364]
Henderson, George. Cited, [52]
Hennebont. A Breton château, [206]
Henry II. King of England, [30];
identified as the king to whom Marie of France dedicated her Lais, [284]
Henry III. King of England;
mentioned, [284]
Henry IV. King of France;
and Fontenelle, [231-232];
mentioned, [204]
said to be the father of Taliesin, [21]
Hersart de la Villemarqué, Vicomte. Writer on Breton legendary lore;
his poem on Nomenoë, [23];
his ballad of Alain Barbe-torte, [25-27];
and a story of the Clerk of Rohan, [190] n.;
his Barzaz-Breiz, [211-212];
stories from his Barzaz-Breiz, [212-237];
indications of the source of his matter, [224-225];
and the story of Fontenelle, [230];
and the story of the Combat of Saint-Cast, [237];
on the story of Azénor the Pale, [363], [364];
cited, [57] n., [65] n., [184] n., [247]
Hervé. Son of Kyvarnion;
the story of the wolf and, [22];
mentioned, [390]
Highlanders. Scottish;
in the story of the Combat of Saint-Cast, [237]
Highlands. Scottish;
beliefs in, respecting stones, [52-53];
the ‘Washing Woman’ of, [100]
Hildwall. A pious man of Angers;
St Convoyon lodges with, [336]
Hodain. A dog;
in the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [267]
Hoel I. Duke of Brittany, [275], [276], [278]
Hoel V. Duke of Brittany, [30]
Holger. A half-mythical Danish hero;
mentioned, [212]
Holmes, T. Rice. Cited, [245] n.
Holy Land. See [Palestine]
Houles. Caverns;
the Bretons suppose fairies to inhabit, [75]
Huon de Méry. A thirteenth-century writer;
on the fountain of Baranton, [71]
Hurlers, The. A Cornish legend;
mentioned, [44]
I
Iberians. A non-Aryan race, supposed to have inhabited Britain;
held by Rhys to be the originators of Druidism, [245]
Ida. King of Bernicia;
Ile d’Arz. An island off the coast of Brittany;
megaliths in, [48]
Ile-de-France. A French province;
Marie of France said to have been a native of, [283]
Ile aux Moines. An island in the Gulf of Morbihan;
megalithic monuments in, [48]
Ile de Sein. An island off the Breton coast, [63];
St Winwaloe settled on, [371]
Ile-Verte. An island off the Breton coast;
St Winwaloe lived on, [370]
Ille-et-Vilaine. One of the departments of Brittany, [13], [39], [50]
Inveresk. A village in Scotland;
mentioned, [359]
Iouenn. A young man;
in the story of the Man of Honour, [147-155]
Ireland. Markings on the megalithic monuments in, [46];
the legend of the submerged city in, [187];
the harp anciently the national instrument of, [229];
Tristrem in, [264], [265-267];
Petranus, father of St Patern, goes to, [347];
St Patern meets his father in, [348];
many saints in, [350];
Azénor and Budoc in, [355-356];
Budoc made King of, [356];
late survival of the custom of keeping domestic bards in, [364]
Ireland, King of. In the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [265], [266]
Ireland, Queen of. In the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [264-267]
Irminsul. A Saxon idol;
probable connexion between the menhir and the worship of, [18] n.
Isidore of Seville. A Spanish ecclesiastic and writer;
mentioned, [100]
J
January. The month;
personified, in the story of the Princess Starbright, [128-129]
Jargeau. A town in France;
the battle of, [174]
Jaudy. A river in Brittany, [31], [167]
Jauioz. A seigneury in Languedoc;
the story of Louis, Baron of, [145-146]
Jeanne Darc. The French heroine;
mentioned, [174];
the play or mystery of, [175]
Joan of Flanders. Wife of John of Montfort;
in the War of the Two Joans, [31]
Joan of Penthièvre. See [Penthièvre]
Job the Witless. In the story of the Foster-brother, [169]
John (Lackland). King of England;
mentioned, [30]
John III. Duke of Brittany, [30]
John IV. Duke of Brittany
John V. Duke of Brittany, son of the famous John of Montfort, [35-36];
and Gilles de Retz, [179];
built a magnificent tomb for St Yves, [353]
John. Duke of Châlons;
the château of Suscino given to, [210]
Josselin. A Breton château, [205-206]
Joyous Garden. A garden raised by enchantment by Merlin to please Vivien, [66];
Jud-Hael. A Breton chieftain;
the vision of, [20-21]
Judik-Hael. A Breton chieftain, son of Jud-Hael, [21]
Julius Cæsar. On the Druids of Gaul, [245]
K
Kado the Striver. A Breton peasant, leader of a revolt, [197-198]
Karnak. A village in Egypt;
mentioned, [43]
Karo. Son of a Breton chieftain;
in a story of Nomenoë, [23-25]
Kay, Sir. King Arthur’s seneschal, [275]
Kennedy. A character in a Highland tale, [51]
Kergariou, Comte de. And the story of Fontenelle, [230]
Kergivas. A place in Brittany;
the cheeses petrified by St Goezenou preserved in the manor of, [369]
Kergoaler, Couédic de. Captain of the Surveillante;
in a Breton ballad, [238]
Kergonan. A village in the Ile aux Moines;
megaliths at, [48]
Keridwen. A fertility goddess who dwelt in Lake Tegid, Wales;
mentioned, [59]
Ker-is. A name of the city of Ys, [185]
See [Ys]
Kerjolet. A Breton château, [208]
Kerlaz. A village in Brittany, [232]
Kerlescant. A village in Brittany;
megaliths at, [42]
Kerlouan. A town in Brittany;
battle at, between Norsemen and Bretons, [225];
the oak on the battlefield at, [227]
Kermario. A village in Brittany;
megaliths at, [42]
Kermartin. A village in Brittany;
St Yves born at, [350]
Kermorvan. A place in Brittany;
Yves the Seigneur of, in the ballad of Azénor the Pale, [360-363]
Kerodern, Michel de. A Breton missionary, [390]
Kerouez. An old château;
in the story of the Seigneur with the Horse’s Head, [137]
Kersanton. A place in Brittany;
stone from, forms the Calvary of Guimiliau, [385]
Kervran. A village in Brittany;
the warrior Bran taken prisoner at, [225]
King of the Ants. In the story of the Princess of Tronkolaine, [118], [119], [120]
King of the Birds. In the story of the Youth who did not Know, [111], [113]
King of the Fishes. In a tale from Saint-Cast, [84-85];
in the story of the Youth who did not Know, [110], [114]
King of the Lions. In the story of the Princess of Tronkolaine, [118], [119], [120]
King of the Sparrow-hawks. In the story of the Princess of Tronkolaine, [118], [119]
Kipling, Rudyard. Quoted, [86]
Korrigan, The. A forest fairy;
a denizen of Broceliande, [56];
in the story of the Seigneur of Nann, [57-58];
associated with water, an element of fertility, [59];
an enchantress, [60];
in the story of the Unbroken Vow, [62-63];
desired union with humanity, [64];
Kyvarnion. A British bard, father of Hervé, [22]
L
Lady of La Garaye, The. Poem by Mrs Norton;
Lady of the Lake. In Arthurian legend, Vivien;
foster-mother of Lancelot, [69], [257];
of Breton origin, [256];
gives Arthur the sword Excalibur, [256-257]
See also [Vivien]
La Garaye. A Breton château, near Dinan;
the story of the Lady of, [195]
Lailoken. A character in early British legend;
mentioned, [70]
Lais. Of Marie de France;
their value in the study of Breton lore, [283];
date and other circumstances of their composition, [283-284];
stories from, [284-289], [292-331]
Lake of Anguish, The. A lake in Hell;
in the story of the Bride of Satan, [144];
in the story of the Baron of Jauioz, [146]
La Lande Marie. A place in Brittany;
the dolmen at, [51]
Lancelot, Sir. One of the Knights of the Round Table, son of King Ban of Benwik;
stolen and brought up by Vivien, [257];
does not appear in Celtic legend, [257];
Landévennec. A town in Brittany;
a chapel of St Nicholas at, [345];
a monastery built at, by St Winwaloe, [371]
Landivisiau. A town in Brittany, [338];
fine carvings in the church of, [339-340]
Landegu. A village in Cornwall;
St Keenan at, [344]
Langoad. A town in Brittany, [198]
Language. Brezonek, the tongue of the Bretons, [15];
the old Breton tongue closely similar to Welsh, [15];
the Latin tongue did not spread over Brittany, [17]
Largoet. A Breton château, [206]
La Roche-Bernard. A town in Brittany, [376]
La Roche-sur-Blavet. A place in Brittany;
a retreat of Gildas and St Bieuzy, [345]
La Roche-Derrien. A place in Brittany;
battle at, [31]
La Roche-Jagu. A Breton château, [203-204]
La Rose. A young man;
in the story of the Magic Rose, [156-162]
Latin. The language;
did not spread over Brittany, [17]
Laustic, The Lay of. One of the Lais of Marie de France, [302-305]
Laval, Gilles de. See [Retz]
Laval, Jean de. Governor of Brittany, [207];
married to Françoise de Foix, Countess of Châteaubriant, [207]
Lay of the Were-Wolf, The. One of the Lais of Marie de France, [284-289]
League, The. A Catholic organization formed against the Huguenots, [205], [206];
Fontenelle associated with, [229]
Le Braz, Anatole. Cited, [102], [184] n.
Le Clerc, L. Cited, [16] n.
Le Croisic. A town in Brittany, [373]
Le Faouet. A village in Brittany;
the chapel of St Barbe near, [332-333], [334-335]
Legend. The meaning of the term, [173]
Le Goff, P. Cited, [16] n.
Le Grand, A. Cited, [184] n.
Léguer. A town in Brittany, [220]
Léguer, Lake of. In the story of the Princess Starbright, [121], [131]
Lelian. Father of St Tivisiau, [338]
Le Moustoir-le-Juch. A village in Brittany;
fireplace in the church of, [381]
Leo IV. Pope;
Nomenoë sends gifts to, [337];
and St Convoyon, [337]
Léon.
I. A county of Brittany, [23], [143], [212], [225], [226], [229], [356], [367], [388]
II. The see of;
given to St Pol, [367]
Le Rouzic, Zacharie. A Breton archæologist;
mentioned, [45]
Lewis. An island in the Outer Hebrides;
mentioned, [53]
Leyden, John. A Scottish poet and Orientalist;
his treatment of legendary material, [211]
Lézat. A town in Brittany;
had a reputation as the abode of sorcerers, [242]
Lez-Breiz, Morvan. See [Morvan]
Lieue de Grève. A place in Brittany;
Arthur’s fight with the dragon of, [278-281]
Livonia. The country;
were-wolf superstition in, [290]
Llanvithin. A village in Wales;
mentioned, [21]
Loc-Christ. Monastery of, built under the persuasion of St Winwaloe, [370-371]
Locmaria. A place in Brittany, [199]
Locmariaquer. A town in Brittany;
megaliths at, [42]
Logres. An ancient British kingdom;
in the Lay of Eliduc, [306-311]
Loguivy-Plougras. A town in Brittany, [137]
Lohanec. A village in Brittany;
St Yves incumbent of, [351]
Lohengrin. A knight, in German legend;
mentioned, [137]
Loire. The river;
Loire-Inférieure. One of the departments of Brittany, [13]
London. The city;
Long Meg. A Cumberland legend;
mentioned, [44]
Longsword, William. Earl of Salisbury;
identified as the nobleman to whom Marie of France dedicated her Fables, [284]
Lorelei. A water-spirit of the Rhine;
mentioned, [64]
Lorgnez. A Frankish chieftain;
Morvan fights with, and slays, [217-218]
Lost Daughter, The. The story of, [75-80]
Lot. King of Lothian, grandfather of St Kentigern, [357]
Lothian. A district in Scotland, formerly a kingdom;
Lothian, East. A county of Scotland;
mentioned, [357]
Loudéac. An arrondissement of Brittany, [88]
Lough Neagh. A lake in Ireland;
according to Irish legend, the site of submerged city, [187]
Louis I (the Pious). King of France;
places the native chieftain Nomenoë over Brittany, [23];
St Convoyon visits, to obtain confirmation of grants, [335]
mentioned, [208]
Louis XI. King of France;
Louis XII. King of France;
Anne of Brittany married to, [36]
Louis XV. King of France;
honours the Count of La Garaye, [195]
Louis. Baron of Jauioz;
the story of, [145-147]
Louvre, The. A palace in Paris;
mentioned, [206]
Lucius. Roman consul, sometimes referred to as Emperor;
King Arthur moves against, [275]
Luzel, F. M. His Guerziou Breiz-Izel, mentioned, [211]
Lyonesse. A legendary kingdom near Cornwall, [257]
M
MacCulloch, J. R. Cited, [59] n., [70], [102], [188] n., [189] n., [381]
MacCunn, Hamish. Composer;
mentioned, [145]
Machutes. See [St Malo]
Macpherson, James. A Scottish poet;
MacRitchie, D. Cited, [74]
Mac-tierns (‘Sons of the Chief’). A name given to Brian and Alain, sons of Count Eudo, [29]
Mageen. Mother of St Tivisiau, [338]
Magic. See [Sorcery]
Magic Rose, The. The story of, [156-162]
Mahābhārata. A Hindu epic;
mentioned, [52]
Maison des Follets. A name given to a megalithic structure at Cancoet, [49]
Mamau, Y. Welsh deities, [87]
Man of Honour, The. The story of, [147-155]
Maraud. A peasant;
in the story of the Lost Daughter, [75-77]
March. The month;
personified in the story of Princess Starbright, [128-129]
Margawse. Sister of King Arthur, wife of King Lot of Lothian, [357]
Margots la Fée, Les. Fairies which inhabit large rocks and the moorlands, [88]
Marguerite. A maiden, avenged by Du Guesclin, [33-35]
Marie de France. A twelfth-century French poetess;
acknowledged Breton sources for her work, [255], [283];
the Lais and Fables of, [283-284];
personal history, [283];
stories from the Lais, [284-331];
and the Lay of Laustic, [302];
and the Lay of Eliduc, [305-306];
and the Lay of the Dolorous Knight, [328], [330-331]
Mark. King of Cornwall;
in the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [258-274]
Mark. King of Vannes;
and St Pol of Léon, [364]
Marot, Claude Toussaint. Count of La Garaye;
the story of, [194-196]
Marriage. Costume of the bride in the Escoublac district, [374];
the Pardon of Notre Dame de la Clarté made the occasion of betrothals, [378];
wedding customs, [385-386]
Marriage-Girdle, The. The ballad of, [234-236]
Marseilles. The city;
mentioned, [195]
Matsys, Quentin. A Flemish painter;
the well of, at Antwerp, [205]
Matthew. Seigneur of Beauvau;
in the story of the Clerk of Rohan, [189-193]
Maunoir. A Jesuit Father, [388]
Mauron. A town in Brittany;
battle at, [31]
May, Isle of. An island in the Firth of Forth, [357]
Mayenne. Charles de Lorraine, Duke of;
one of the leaders of the Catholic League, [229]
Megaliths. The derivation and meaning of the terms ‘menhir’ and ‘dolmen,’ [37-38];
nature and purpose of the monuments, [38-39];
the menhir of Dol, and its legend, [39-41];
the chapel-dolmen at Plouaret, [41];
the megaliths at Camaret, [41];
at Penmarch, [41];
at Carnac, [42-45];
the tumulus at Mont-Saint-Michel, [45];
the dolmen at Rocenaud, [46];
‘cup-and-ring’ markings, [46-48];
the gallery of Gavr’inis, [48];
the megaliths of the Ile aux Moines and the Ile d’Arz, [48];
folk-beliefs associated with the monuments, [48-53];
tales connected with them, [52];
the question of the date of their erection, [53];
the nains’ inscriptions upon, [97-98];
the megaliths of Carnac supposed to have been built by the gorics, [98]
See also [Menhir] and [Dolmens]
Melusine. A fairy, in French folk-lore;
mentioned, [327]
Menao. A place in Wales;
battle of, [22]
Ménéac. A town in Brittany;
megaliths at, [42]
Menhir. A megalithic monument, [18];
the menhir of Dol, [18], [39-40];
probably connected with pillar-worship and Irminsul-worship, [18] n.;
derivation and meaning of the term, [38];
purpose of the monuments, [38-39]
Meriadok. A Cornish knight;
in the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [269], [272]
Meriadus. A Breton chieftain;
in the Lay of Gugemar, [299-301]
Merlin. An enchanter, in Arthurian legend;
meets Vivien in Broceliande, and is afterward enchanted by her there, [65-69];
his relationship with Vivien as presented in Arthurian legend, [69];
the varying conceptions of, [70];
the typical Druid or wise man of Celtic tradition, [70];
protects Arthur in his combat with Sir Pellinore, [256];
and Arthur’s finding of Excalibur, [256-257]
Mezléan. A place in Brittany, [362], [363];
the Clerk of, in the ballad of Azénor the Pale, [361-363]
Milton of Colquhoun. A district in Scotland;
inscribed stones found in, [47]
Minihy. A town in Brittany;
St Yves’ will and breviary preserved in the church of, [353]
Modred, Sir. Nephew of King Arthur;
his contest with the King, [344]
Moncontour. A village in Brittany, [242]
Moneduc. Mother of St Nennocha, [340]
Montagnes d’Arrée, or Arez. A mountain chain in Brittany;
the Yeun in, [102];
mentioned, [235]
Montalembert, Comte de. His Moines d’Occident, cited, [19]
Montfort, John of. Duke of Brittany (John IV);
disputes the succession to the Dukedom, [30-32], [35-36];
captures the château of Suscino, [210];
mentioned, [204]
Montmorency. The house of;
mentioned, [174]
Montreuil-sur-Mer. A town in the Pas-de-Calais, France;
St Winwaloe’s body preserved at, [371]
Mont-Saint-Michel.
I. A tumulus, [45-46]
II. An island off the coast of Brittany, [45] n.;
King Arthur’s fight with the giant of, [275];
mentioned, [103]
Moor, The. In a story of Morvan;
Morvan’s fight with, [218-220];
the character of, probably drawn from Carlovingian legend, [225]
Moors, The. Mentioned, [225]
Moore, Thomas. The poet;
quoted, [187]
Moraunt. An Irish ambassador at the English Court;
in the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [262-263], [264], [266]
Morbihan.
I. One of the departments of Brittany, [13], [48], [49];
the nains’ inscriptions on the megaliths of, [98];
the Pardon of Notre Dame de la Clarté held in, [378]
II. An inland sea or gulf in the south of Brittany, (Gulf of Morbihan);
naval battle between the Romans and Veneti probably took place in, [16];
mentioned, [48]
Morgan, Duke. A Cymric chieftain;
in the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [258-259], [261-262]
Morin. A priest, [388]
Morlaix. A town in Brittany;
the castle of, haunted by gorics, [99];
the teursts of the district of, [100];
in the story of the Youth who did not Know, [106], [107], [108], [109];
national costume in, [376-377]
Morte d’Arthur. Malory’s romance;
the presentation of Vivien in, [69];
Arthur’s finding of Excalibur related in, [256];
incident in, paralleled in the Lay of Gugemar, [301-302];
mentioned, [257]
Morvan Lez-Breiz. A famous Breton hero of the ninth century, [212];
stories of, [212-224];
tradition that he will return to “drive the Franks from the Breton land,” [224]
Mourioche, The. A malicious demon, [101]
Müller, W. Max. Mentioned, [358]
Murillo. A celebrated Spanish painter;
paintings by, in the château of Caradeuc, [207]
Mut. An Egyptian goddess;
mentioned, [43]
Muzillac. A town in Brittany;
head-dress of the women of, [376]
N
Nains. A race of demons;
their character, [96-98];
guardians of hidden treasure, [99]
Namnetes. A Gallic tribe which inhabited Brittany, [16]
Nann, The Seigneur of. The story of, [57-59]
Nantes. A city in Brittany;
in a ballad, represented as the scene of magical exploits of Abélard and Héloïse, [253];
traditionally associated with sorcery, [253];
Equitan the King of, [313];
the scene of the Lay of the Dolorous Knight, [328];
Nomenoë obtains possession of, [338];
mentioned, [17], [30], [168], [169], [170], [180], [337]
Nantes. The castle of, [205]
Neolithic Age. The race which built the stone monuments of Brittany probably belonged to, [37] n.
Névet. Forest of, in Léon, [367]
Névez. A town in Brittany, [190]
New Caledonia. An island in the Pacific;
markings on the megalithic monuments in, [46-47]
Nicole, The. A mischievous spirit, [100-101]
Nightingale, The Lay of the. One of the Lais of Marie de France, [302]
Night-washers. A race of supernatural beings, [100]
Nimue. A name under which Vivien, the Lady of the Lake, appears in some romances, [69];
mentioned, [256]
See [Vivien]
Nogent. Sister of Gugemar, [292]
Nogent-sur-Seine. A town in France;
the abbey at, founded by Abélard, and made over by him to Héloïse, [249];
Abélard and Héloïse buried at, [250]
Nola. A youth;
in the story of the Foster-brother, [170-171]
Nomenoë. A Breton chieftain, afterward King of Brittany;
rises against Charles the Bald and defeats him, [23], [337-338];
a story of, [23-25];
and St Convoyon, [335], [336], [337];
sends gifts to Pope Leo IV, [337];
burns the abbey of Saint-Florent, [337]
Normandy. The duchy;
early relations of Brittany with, [27-30]
Normans. The Bretons rise against, [196-198];
spread the Arthur legend, [254], [255];
mentioned, [338]
Norouas. Personification of the north-west wind;
a story of, [163-167]
Northmen, Norsemen. Invade Brittany, [25];
defeated by Alain Barbe-torte and expelled from Brittany, [25-27];
the battle of Kerlouan between the Bretons and, [225]
North-west Wind, The. Personification of;
a story of, [163-167]
Norton, Mrs. An English poetess;
her Lady of La Garaye, quoted, [194], [195], [196]
N’Oun Doare. A youth;
in the story of the Youth who did not Know, [106-115]
Nutt, A. Cited, [99] n., [254]
O
Oberon. King of the fairies;
mentioned, [74]
Œdipus. King of Thebes;
mentioned, [357]
Ogier the Dane. One of the paladins of Charlemagne;
entered Fairyland, [326]
Olaus Magnus. A sixteenth-century Swedish ecclesiastic and writer;
mentioned, [290]
Oridial. Father of Gugemar, [292]
Origen. One of the Fathers of the early Church;
and St Barbe, [333]
Orléans. The city;
the siege of (1428-29), [174];
the play or mystery of, on Jeanne Darc, [175];
mentioned, [229]
Osismii. A Gallic tribe which inhabited Brittany, [16]
Ossian. A semi-legendary Celtic bard and warrior;
mentioned, [211]
Ossory. A district in Ireland;
emigration from, to Brittany, [22]
Otherworld. The Celtic, [171-172];
Fairyland identified with, [327]
Ouessant. An island off the coast of Brittany;
St Pol in, [365];
the costume of the women of, [374-375]
Oust. A river in Brittany, [205]
Owain. A Welsh chieftain, son of Urien;
Taliesin the bard of, [22]
Owen Glendower. A Welsh chieftain;
the Bretons send an expedition to help, in his conflict with the English, [234]
P
Palestine. Mentioned, [145], [190], [269], [302]
Paraclete (‘Comforter’). Name given by Abélard to his abbey at Nogent, [249];
Abélard and Héloïse buried at, [250]
Pardons. Religious pilgrimage festivals of the Bretons, [378-380]
Paris. The city;
mentioned, [108], [109], [112], [113], [114], [116], [117], [118], [119], [120-121], [156], [157], [158], [195], [208], [229], [230-231], [351]
Paris, Gaston. A noted French philologist;
claims that Arthurian romance originated in Wales, [254];
identifies the persons to whom Marie de France dedicated her Lais and Fables, [284]
Passage de l’Enfer. An arm of the sea over which the Breton dead were supposed to be ferried, [383]
Patay. A village in Loiret, France;
the battle of, [174]
Pavia. A city in Italy;
Francis I of France taken prisoner at, [207]
Pellinore, Sir. One of the Knights of the Round Table;
Arthur broke his sword in combat with, [256]
Pembrokeshire. Welsh county;
St Samson a native of, [17]
Penates. Household gods of the Romans;
mentioned, [53]
Pen-bas. A cudgel carried by the men of Cornouaille, [372];
rarely carried by the men of St Pol, [375]
Penhapp. A village in the Ile aux Moines;
dolmen at, [48]
Penmarch. A town in Brittany;
megaliths at, [41];
Ty C’harriquet near, [49];
a fireplace in the church of St Non at, [381]
Penraz. A village in the Isle of Arz;
megaliths at, [48]
Pentecost. A Jewish festival;
mentioned, [324]
Penthièvre. A former county of Brittany, [27], [205]
wife of Charles of Blois, [30];
in the War of the Two Joans, [31];
her marriage to Charles, [32]
Penthièvre. Stephen, Count of, [208]
Percival. Hero of Percival le Gallois;
analogy between his flight and that of Morvan, [224]
Percival le Gallois. Arthurian saga;
mentioned, [224]
Père La Chique. An old man;
in the story of the Magic Rose, [159-160], [162]
Perguet. A village in Brittany;
the fireplace in the church of St Bridget at, [381]
Perseus. A mythical Greek hero;
Perthshire. Scottish county;
the ‘Washing Woman’ in, [100]
Petranus. Father of St Patern, [347]
Philip VI. King of France;
mentioned, [30]
Picts. The race;
Celts flee from Britain to Brittany, to escape, [17];
the legend that they built the original church of Corstorphine, near Edinburgh, [51];
“wee fouk but unco’ strang,” [99]
Pigs. St Pol taught the people to keep, [366]
Pillar-worship. Probable connexion of the menhir with, [18] n.
Pillars. Tales of spirits enclosed in, [52]
Place of Skulls, The. In the story of the Bride of Satan, [144]
Plélan. A town in Brittany;
St Convoyon removes to, from Redon, [338]
Plestin-les-Grèves. A town in Brittany;
St Efflam buried in the church of, [281]
Ploermel. A town in Brittany;
St Nennocha founded her monastery at, [340]
Plouaret. A town in Brittany;
the dolmen-chapel at, [41]
Ploubalay. A town in Brittany;
in the story of the Fisherman and the Fairies, [81]
Plouber. A town in Brittany, [199], [202]
Plougastel. A town in Brittany;
the costume of the men of, [375];
the Calvary of, [384]
Plouharnel. A village in Brittany;
megaliths at, [42]
Plourin. A village in Brittany;
St Budoc lived at, [356]
Poitou. A former county of France;
ravaged by Nomenoë, [337];
mentioned, [176]
Pomponius Mela. A Roman geographer;
quoted, [63]
Pont l’Abbé. A town in Brittany;
national costume in, [376]
Pont-Aven. A village in Brittany, [364]
Pontivy. A town in Brittany;
chapel to St Noyola at, [360]
Pontorson. A town in Brittany, [275]
Poor, The. Regard paid to, at Breton festivals and ceremonies, [387]
Porspoder. A town in Brittany;
St Budoc lands at, and dwells in, [356]
Pouldergat, Mannaïk de. The bride-to-be of Silvestik, [232]
Prague. Capital of Bohemia;
mentioned, [203]
Prelati. An alchemist of Padua, employed by Gilles de Retz, [176], [178-179]
Princess Starbright, The. The story of, [121-131];
mentioned, [153]
Princess of Tronkolaine, The. The story of, [115-121]
Procopius. A Byzantine historian;
on a Breton burial custom, [383-384]
Prop of Brittany, The. Name given to Morvan, chieftain of Léon, [212];
stories of, [212-224]
Q
Queban. Wife of King Grallo;
St Ronan discovers her fault, [368]
Quebec, The. A British vessel;
her fight with the Surveillante, [238-240]
Queen Anne’s Tower. Name of the keep of the château of Dinan, [209]
Questembert. A town in Brittany;
the Château des Paulpiquets at, [49]
Quiberon. A town in Brittany, [46]
Quimper. A city in Brittany;
St Convoyon Bishop of, [335];
national costume in, [372-373];
Quimper, Count of. In a story of Morvan, [213], [216]
Quimperlé. A town in Brittany;
the château of Rustefan near, [208];
St Goezenou killed at the building of the monastery at, [370]
R
Rama. A hero in Hindu mythology;
mentioned, [52]
Rāmāyana. A Hindu epic;
mentioned, [52]
Raoul le Gael. A Breton knight, [29]
Ravelston Quarry. A quarry near Edinburgh;
mentioned, [51]
Redon or Rodon. A town in Brittany;
the abbey of: founded by St Convoyon, [335-336];
the bones of St Apothemius carried to, [336];
the bones of St Marcellinus carried to, [337];
Nomenoë takes spoil from the Abbey of Saint-Florent to, [337];
St Convoyon removes from, [338];
St Convoyon buried at, [338]
Redones. A Gallic tribe which inhabited Brittany, [16]
Reginald. Bishop of Vannes, [335], [336]
Reid, General John. The composer of The Garb of Old Gaul, [238]
Reinach, Salomon. Cited, [53]
Religion. Brittany the most religious of the French provinces, [377];
the religious element in the Breton character, [377-378]
Reliquaries. In Brittany, [382]
Remus. In Roman legend, brother of Romulus;
mentioned, [358]
Renaissance Architecture. References to, [205], [206], [209]
René. Constable of Naples, [190]
Rennes. A city in Brittany;
the scene of Nomenoë’s vengeance, [23-25];
the Counts of, gain ascendancy in Brittany, [27];
the marriage of Charles of Blois and Joan of Penthièvre at, [32];
Robert the sorcerer dwelt in, [242];
Nomenoë obtains possession of, [338];
Restalrig. A village near Edinburgh;
the well of St Triduana at, [59-60]
Retiers. A town in Brittany the Roches aux Fées at, [51]
Retz, or Rais. A district in Brittany, [23], [174]
Retz, Cardinal de. A French politician and writer;
imprisoned in the castle of Nantes, [205]
Retz, Gilles de. A Breton nobleman;
a story of, [173-180];
the identification of, with Bluebeard, [174], [180]
Revolution, French. Of 1789;
mentioned, [188], [195], [338], [353], [369]
Revue Celtique. Cited, [212] n.
Rheinstein. A famous castle on the Rhine;
mentioned, [203]
Rhine. The river;
mentioned, [203]
Rhuys. See [St Gildas de Rhuys]
Rhys, Sir John. And the origin of Druidism, [245];
mentioned, [70]
Richard II. Duke of Normandy;
mentioned, [196]
Richelieu, Cardinal. A famous French statesman;
the château of Tonquédec demolished by order of, [204]
Rieux, Jean de. Marshal of Brittany;
leader of the expedition to help Owen Glendower, [234]
Ritho. A giant whom King Arthur slew, [277]
Road of St Pol, The. Name given by Breton peasants to a megalithic avenue, [365]
Robert I. Duke of Normandy, [28]
Robert. A sorcerer who dwelt in Rennes, [242-243]
Robert de Vitry. A Breton knight, [29]
Rocenaud. A village in Brittany;
dolmen at, [46]
Rocey. The house of, [174]
Roche-Marche-Bran. A rocky hill;
the chapel of St Barbe built on, [335]
Rocher, The Wood of. The dolmen near, [50]
Rochers. A Breton château;
Mme Sévigné associated with, [208]
Roches aux Fées. Name given to the megalithic monuments by the Bretons, [49];
near Saint-Didier-et-Marpire, [50];
in Rhetiers, [51];
supposed to be the meeting-place of sorcerers, [243]
Rockflower. A fairy maiden;
in a tale from Saint-Cast, [83]
Rodriguez, Father. Mentioned, [47]
Roe. A river in Ireland;
Druidic ritual associated with, [246]
Roger. An English knight;
in the legend of the Ward of Du Guesclin, [33-35]
Rohan. The house of, [206]
Rohan. Alain, Viscount of, [189]
Rohan. Jeanne de, daughter of Alain de Rohan;
in the story of the Clerk of Rohan, [189-193]
Rohand. A vassal of Roland;
in the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [258-259], [260-261], [262]
Roland, Sir. A knight;
in the story of the Unbroken Vow, [60-63]
Roland Rise. A Cymric chieftain, Lord of Ermonie;
in the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [258-259], [261]
Rolleston, T. W. Cited, [246]
Rollo. A famous Norse leader, first Duke of Normandy;
mentioned, [28]
Romans, The. In Brittany, [16]
Rome. The city;
Romulus. In Roman legend, the founder of Rome;
Ron. The name of King Arthur’s lance, [280]
Rond. A dance performed at weddings, [385-386]
Rosamond. Mistress of Henry II of England (Rosamond Clifford, ‘the Fair Rosamond’);
mentioned, [284]
Ros-ynys. A place in Wales, afterward St David’s;
a story of St Keenan and, [343-344]
Round Tower. At Ardmore, Ireland, [51];
at Abernethy, Perthshire, [52]
Rumengol. A village in Brittany;
the Pardon of the Singers held at, [378]
S
Sacring Bells. The use of, an old Breton custom, [380]
St Anne. A Breton saint;
Morvan prays to, [216-217];
Morvan rewards with gifts, [218];
Morvan gives praise to, for his victory over the Moor, [220];
frees Morvan from his burden, [224];
mentioned, [146]
Sainte-Anne-la-Palud. A village in Brittany;
the Pardon of the Sea held at, [378]
St Apothemius. St Convoyon steals the bones of, from Angers Cathedral, and takes them to Redon, [336]
St Augustine. Archbishop of Canterbury;
mentioned, [100]
St Baldred. A Celtic saint, [359-360]
St Baldred’s Boat. A rock in the Firth of Forth;
the legend of, [359]
St Barbe. A Breton saint, [332-335]
Sainte-Barbe. A village in Brittany;
megaliths at, [42]
St Bieuzy. A Breton saint, [345-346];
the Holy Well of, at Bieuzy, [381]
St Bridget. An Irish saint;
Azénor prays to, and is helped by, [354];
church of, at Berhet, the custom of ringing the sacring bell survives in, [380];
church of, at Perguet, the fireplace in, [381]
Saint-Brieuc.
I. An arrondissement of Brittany, [88], [350]
II. A town in Brittany;
a relic of St Keenan preserved in the cathedral of, [344]
Saint-Brieuc, Bay of. A bay on the Breton coast;
the Nicole of, [100];
St Budoc. A Breton saint;
the legend of, [353-356]
Saint-Cast. A village in Brittany;
in the story of the Lost Daughter, [75];
a story from, [84];
the story of the Combat of, [236-237];
mentioned, [83]
St Cecilia’s Day. Ceremonies in honour of King Gradlon on, [189]
St Charles. Jesuit church of, at Antwerp;
relics of St Winwaloe preserved at, [371]
St Convoyon. A Breton saint, [335-338]
St Corbasius. A Breton saint;
kills St Goezenou, [370]
St Cornely. A Breton saint, the patron of cattle;
in a legend of Carnac, [44-45]
St David’s. A city in Wales, originally called Ros-ynys;
in a story of St Keenan, [344]
Saint-Denis. A famous abbey, in the city of Saint-Denis, in France;
Du Guesclin buried in, [32]
Saint-Didier. A village in Brittany;
the Roches aux Fées near, [50]
St Dubricus. A British saint;
mentioned, [346]
St Dunstan. A British saint, called St Goustan in Brittany, [248-249]
St Efflam. A Breton saint;
and King Arthur’s encounter with the dragon of the Lieue de Grève, [278-281];
the story of St Enora and, [340-342];
mentioned, [366]
St Enora, or Honora. A Breton saint;
the story of Efflam and, [279], [281], [340-342]
Saint-Florent. A town in France;
Nomenoë and the abbey of, [337]
St Gall. A famous monastery in Switzerland;
mentioned, [247]
St Germain. A French saint, Bishop of Paris;
the exchange of wax for wine between St Samson and, [19];
persuades Nennocha to embrace the religious life, [340]
St Gildas. A British saint;
in the story of Comorre the Cursed, [181], [183-184];
founded the abbey of St Gildas de Rhuys, near Vannes, [248-249]
St Gildas de Rhuys. An abbey near Vannes;
founded by St Gildas, [248-249];
Abélard appointed abbot of, [248];
St Bieuzy died and was buried at, [346];
St Patern educated at, [348]
St Goezenou. A Breton saint, [368-370]
St Goustan. The Breton name of St Dunstan, [249]
St Henwg. See [Henwg]
St Honora, or Enora. See [St Enora]
St Iltud. A Welsh saint;
in a legend of St Samson, [349];
St Pol a disciple of, [364];
mentioned, [346]
St Ives. See [St Yves]
Saint-Jacut-de-la-Mer. A village in Brittany;
in the story of the Fisherman and the Fairies, [80], [84]
St Jaoua. A Breton saint, [366]
Saint-Jean-du-Doigt. A village in Brittany;
the Pardon of the Fire held at, [378], [379]
St John. A Breton saint, [197]
St Kado. A Breton saint;
mentioned, [197]
St Ké, or St Quay. Popular name in Brittany for St Keenan, [344]
St Keenan. A Breton saint, [343-344]
St Kentigern, or St Mungo. Patron saint of Glasgow;
the legend of, [356-357];
St Lazarus. The Order of;
Louis XV sends to the Count of La Garaye, [195]
St Leonorius, or Léonore. A Breton saint, [346-347]
St Louis. See [Louis IX]
St Magan. A Breton saint, brother of St Goezenou, [370]
St Malglorious. A Breton saint, [356]
St Malo, or Machutes. A Breton saint;
the people of Corseul hostile to the teachings of, [343]
Saint-Malo. A town in Brittany;
the scene of the Lay of Laustic, [302];
St Convoyon born near, [335];
mentioned, [230]
Saint-Malo, Bay of. The Nicole of, [100-101]
St Marcellinus. Bishop of Rome;
the bones of, given to St Convoyon by Pope Leo IV, and taken by him to Redon, [337]
St Mériadec. A Breton saint;
his skull used in the ritual of the Pardon of Saint-Jean-du-Doigt, [379]
St Michael. The archangel;
chapel of, on the tumulus of Mont-Saint-Michel, [46];
the child Morvan thinks he has seen, [213];
Morvan thinks a knight more splendid than, [214]
St Michel. A Breton saint, ‘Lord of Heights’;
a chapel of, near Le Faouet, [333]
St Mungo. See [St Kentigern]
St Nennocha. A Breton saint, [340]
St Nicholas. A Breton saint;
probably the survival of a pagan divinity, [345]
St Nicolas de Bieuzy. Church of, in Bieuzy, [180]
St Non. A Breton saint;
a fireplace in the church of, at Penmarch, [381]
St Noyala. A Breton saint, [360]
St Patern. A Breton saint, [347-349]
St Pol, or Paul. Of Léon;
a Breton saint, [248], [364-367]
Saint-Pol-de-Léon. A town in Brittany;
the bell of St Pol in the cathedral of, [367];
St Pol buried in the cathedral of, [367];
the cathedral of, built by St Pol, [367];
costume of the men of, [375];
mentioned, [237], [365], [366]
St Roch. A Breton saint;
shrine of, at Auray, [42];
and the markings on the dolmen at Rocenaud, [46]
St Ronan. A Breton saint, [367]
St Samson. A British saint;
settles in Brittany, [17-19];
St Gildas the friend of, [248];
stories of, [349-350];
St Pol of Léon a fellow-student of, [364]
St Serf. A Scottish saint, abbot of Culross, [357]
Saint-Thégonnec. A town in Brittany;
the Calvary at, [384]
St Tivisiau, or Turiau. A Breton saint, [338-339];
the fountain of, at Landivisiau, [340]
St Tremeur. A Breton saint, son of Comorre;
the reliquary in the church of, [382]
St Triduana. Guardian of a well at Restalrig, near Edinburgh, [59-60]
St Triphyne. A Breton saint;
wife of Comorre, [180]
See [Triphyna]
St Tugdual. A Breton saint;
founded the church of Tréguier, [167];
made a miraculous crossing to Brittany, [360]
St Turiau. See [St Tivisiau]
St Vougas, or Vie. A Breton saint, [360]
St Winwaloe. A Breton saint, [370-371]
St Yves, or Yvo. Brittany’s favourite saint, [350-353]
Saint-Yves. A village in Brittany;
the Pardon of the Poor held at, [378]
Saints. Stories of, an important element in Breton folk-lore, [332];
the primitive saint driven to use methods similar to those of the pagan priests around him, [332];
tales of the Breton saints, [332-371];
the product of poor countries rather than of prosperous ones, [350]
Saintsbury, G. E. B. Cited, [254]
Salomon III. Count of Brittany;
drives back the Northmen, [25]
Sant-e-roa (‘Holy Wheel’). Apparatus of the sacring bell;
at the church of St Bridget, Berhet, [380]
Satan. A story of, [143-144];
Gilles de Retz seeks association with, [177-179];
in an old Breton conception of Hell, [389]
See also [Devil]
Saxons. The race;
Celts flee from Britain to Brittany to escape, [15], [17]
Scotland. Markings on the megalithic monuments in, [46-47];
the harp formerly the national instrument of, [229];
claimed as the birthplace of Arthurian romance, [254];
late survival of the custom of keeping domestic bards in, [364];
mentioned, [52]
Scots. The race;
Celts flee from Britain to Brittany to escape, [17]
Scott, Sir Walter. The novelist;
his treatment of legendary matter, [211];
one of the first to bring the story of Tristrem to public notice, [258];
continued the story of Tristrem beyond the point at which the Auchinleck MS. breaks off, [272]
Sea of Darkness, The. In the story of the Castle of the Sun, [132]
Sea-snake’s Egg. See [Adder’s Stone]
Sébillot, Paul. Cited, [52], [212] n.;
mentioned, [74];
and the story of the Combat of Saint-Cast, [237] n.
Seigneur with the Horse’s Head, The. The story of, [137-143]
Seigneur of Nann, The. The story of, [57-59]
Sein. See [Ile de Sein]
Seriphos. An island in the Ægean Sea to which Danaë was carried;
mentioned, [358]
Seven Saints of Brittany. St Samson and six others who fled with him from Britain, [350]
Seven Sleepers, The. Seven Christian youths of Ephesus who hid to escape persecution and slept for several hundreds of years;
an altar to, in the dolmen-chapel at Plouaret, [41]
Severn. The river;
mentioned, [349]
Sévigné, Mme de. A famous French epistolary writer;
sojourned in the castle of Nantes, [205];
wrote many of her letters from the château of Rochers, [208]
Sharpe, Charles Kirkpatrick. An antiquary and writer, friend of Sir Walter Scott;
his treatment of legendary material, [211]
Shewalton Sands. A place in Scotland;
inscribed stones found at, [47]
Ship, The. A rock off the coast of Brittany, said to have been the vessel of St Vougas, [360]
Ship o’ the Fiend, The. Orchestral work by Hamish MacCunn;
mentioned, [145]
Ship of Souls. A feature in Breton folk-belief, [384]
Sight, Magical. Bestowed by fairies, [82-83]
Silvestik. A young Breton who followed in the train of William the Conqueror to England;
the story of, [232-233]
Simrock, C. J. Cited, [83]
Skye. An island off the west coast of Scotland;
the ‘Washing Woman’ in, [100]
Slieve Grian. A mountain in Ireland;
mentioned, [52]
Small, A. Cited, [52]
Société Académique de Brest, Bulletin de. Cited, [199] n.
Song of the Pilot, The. A Breton ballad, [238-240]
Sorcery. Belief in, prevalent in Brittany, [241-243];
in ancient times, identified with Druidism, [245]
South-west Wind, The. Personification of, in a wind-tale, [163]
Souvestre, Émile. A French novelist and dramatist;
mentioned, [180]
Spain. Tristrem in, [270];
the giant of Mont-Saint-Michel came from, [275]
Spenser, Edmund. The poet;
mentioned, [56]
Stones. Folk-tales and beliefs connected with, [52-53]
Styx. In Greek mythology, a river of the underworld;
mentioned, [327]
Sun, The. Personified in the story of the Princess of Tronkolaine, [117-118];
the story of Tristrem and Ysonde claimed as a sun-myth, [274-275];
personified in the ‘fatal children’ stories, [358]
Sun-Princess. A story of the search for, [121-131]
Surouas. Name of the south-west wind;
in a wind-tale, [163]
Surveillante, Le. A Breton vessel;
her fight with the British ship Quebec, [238-240]
Susannus. Bishop of Vannes, [336-337]
Suscino. A Breton château, [209-210]
Swinburne, Algernon. The poet;
quoted, [267]
T
Taden. A village in Brittany;
the Count and Countess of La Garaye buried at, [195]
Taliesin (‘Shining Forehead’). A British bard;
and the vision of Jud-Hael, [20-21];
early years, [21];
the bard of Urien and Owain-ap-Urien, [22];
death of, [22];
probably sojourned in Brittany, [22];
acquainted with black art, [252]
Tam o’ Shanter. The character in Burns’s poem;
mentioned, [244]
Tantallon Castle. A famous ruin in Scotland;
mentioned, [359]
Tartary. The country;
mentioned, [115]
Tegid, Llyn. A lake in Wales (Lake Bala);
the dwelling-place of Keridwen, a fertility goddess, [59]
Telio. A British monk, associated with St Samson;
said to have introduced the apple into Brittany, [18]
Teursta Poulict. A variety of the teursts taking animal shape, [100]
Teursts. A race of evil spirits, [100]
Teus, or Bugelnoz. A beneficent spirit of the district of Vannes, [100]
Thenaw. Mother of St Kentigern, [357]
Thierry, J. N. A. A French historian;
quoted, [17]
Thomas the Rhymer, or Thomas of Ercildoune. Thirteenth-century Scottish poet;
his version of the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [258] et seq.;
visited Fairyland, [326];
Thouars, Catherine de. Wife of Gilles de Retz, [174]
Thouars, Guy de. A French knight;
married to Constance of Brittany, [30]
Tiber. The river;
mentioned, [358]
Tina. A maiden;
in the story of the Baron of Jauioz, [145-147]
Titania. Queen of the fairies;
mentioned, [74]
Tonquédec. A Breton château, [204]
Topography of Ireland. A work by Giraldus Cambrensis;
cited, [187]
Torrent of Portugal, Sir. A fifteenth-century English metrical romance;
mentioned, [358]
Toulboudou. A seigneury near Guémené, [334]
Toulboudou, John, Lord of;
builds the chapel of St Barbe at Le Faouet, [334-335]
Tour d’Elven. A keep of the château of Largoet, [206]
Tourlaville. A Breton château, [208-209]
Tower of London, The. Charles of Blois confined in, [31];
the name of, occurs frequently in Celtic and Breton romance, [99]
Traprain Law. A mountain in East Lothian, formerly called Dunpender;
Thenaw cast from, [357]
Treasure, J. P. Cited, [16] n.
Tredrig. A village in Brittany;
St Yves the incumbent of, [351]
Trees. Tales of spirits enclosed in, [52]
Trégastel. A town on the Breton coast;
an island near believed by the Bretons to be the fabled Isle of Avalon, [282]
Tréguennec. A village in Brittany;
St Vougas associated with, [360]
Tréguier.
I. A former county of Brittany, [27], [350]
II. A town in Brittany;
St Yves buried at, [353];
a burial custom of, [383];
mentioned, [167], [168], [237], [350]
Trégunc. A town in Brittany;
dolmen at [42]
Tremalouen. A hamlet in Brittany;
ruins at, haunted by courils, [99]
Tremtris. Inverted form of Tristrem’s name given him by Rohand to secure his safety, [259];
Tristrem assumes the name in Ireland, [264], [266]
Trépassés, Bay of. A bay on the Breton coast, [185]
Trèves. A village in Brittany;
had a reputation as the abode of sorcerers, [242]
Tridwan. See [St Triduana]
Trieux. A river in Brittany, [203], [204]
Triphyna (St Triphyne). A maiden, married to Comorre, [180-184]
Tristrem, Sir (‘Child of Sorrow’). One of the Knights of the Round Table, son of Blancheflour;
the story of, and Ysonde, [257-275];
mentioned, [301]
Tristrem, Sir. An ancient metrical romance;
incidents in, paralleled in the story of Bran, [227-228];
date of composition of, [228];
had a Breton source, [255];
Sir Walter Scott one of the first to bring Thomas the Rhymer’s version of, to public notice, [258];
Thomas the Rhymer’s version of, recounted, [258-272];
Scott’s continuation of the Auchinleck MS., [272-274];
the story of Tristrem and Ysonde claimed as a sun-myth, [274-275]
Trogoff. The château of;
in the legend of the Ward of Du Guesclin, [33-35]
Trollope, T. Adolphus. Quoted, [179-180]
Troménie-de-Saint-Renan. A town in Brittany;
the Pardon of the Mountain held at, [378], [379]
Troyes. A city in France;
Abélard’s abbey of Nogent near, [249]
Tugdual Salaün. A peasant of Plouber, composer of a ballad on the Marquis of Guérande, [199], [202]
Ty C’harriquet (‘The House of the Gorics’)
I. A name given to a megalithic structure near Penmarch, [49]
II. A name applied to Carnac, [98]
Ty en Corygannt. A name given to a megalithic structure in Morbihan, [49]
U
Unbroken Vow, The. A story of Broceliande, [60-63]
United States, The. The Bretons aid, in the War of Independence, [238]
Urien. A Welsh chieftain;
Taliesin the bard of, [21], [22]
V
Val-ès-Dunes. A place in Brittany;
Alain, Count of Brittany, defeated in battle at, [28]
Valley of Blood. A place in hell;
in the story of the Baron of Jauioz, [146]
Vannes.
I. A former county of Brittany;
II. The city;
the dialect of, [16] and n.;
the ancient city of the Veneti, [17];
the Teus or Bugelnoz of, [100];
in the story of Comorre the Cursed, [183];
the château of Suscino near, [209];
the abbey of St Gildas near, [248];
St Convoyon educated at, [335];
St Patern the patron saint of, [347];
St Patern Bishop of, [348];
the legend of the founding of the church of St Patern at, [348];
St Pol of Léon in, [364]
Veneti. A Gallic tribe which inhabited Brittany, [16], [17]
‘Venus, The.’ An image at Quinipily, [381]
Vilaine. A river in Brittany, [335]
Villars, Abbé de. A French priest and writer;
cited, [64]
Villecheret. A village in Brittany;
the head-dress of the women of, [375]
Villemarqué. See [Hersart de la Villemarqué]
Vine, The. Said to have been introduced into Brittany by Gradlon, [189]
Virgin Mary, The. In a Breton legend, [380]
Vitré. A Breton château, [208]
Vivien. An enchantress, in Arthurian legend;
meets Merlin in Broceliande, and afterward enchants him there, [65-69];
as presented in Arthurian legend and in other romances, [69];
may be classed as a water-spirit, [69];
the probable purpose of the story of Merlin and, in Arthurian legend, [70];
of Breton origin, and does not appear in British myth, [256];
gives Arthur the sword Excalibur, [256-257];
Sir Lancelot stolen and brought up by, [257]
W
Wace. A twelfth-century Anglo-Norman poet;
quoted, [54];
and the fountain of Baranton, [71]
Wagner, Richard. The composer;
mentioned, [258]
Wales. Legend of the submerged city in, [187], [188];
the harp anciently the national instrument of, [229];
Bretons send an expedition to, to help Glendower, [234];
claimed as the birthplace of Arthurian romance, [254];
helped the development of Arthurian romance, [255];
Tristrem sojourns in, and wins fame there, [270];
War of Independence, American. Bretons take part in, against England, [238]
War of the Two Joans, The. A war waged for the succession to the Dukedom of Brittany, [31-32], [35-36]
Ward of Du Guesclin, The. A Du Guesclin legend, [33-35]
Washing Woman, The. An evil spirit of the Scottish Highlands, [100]
Wedding Customs. In Brittany, [385-386]
See also [Marriage]
Wells, Holy. In Brittany, [381-382]
Welsh. The language;
the Breton tongue akin to, [15]
Were-wolf. A man transformed into a wolf;
the prevalence, origin, and forms of the superstition, [289-292];
a were-wolf story, [284-289]
Westminster. The city;
in the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, Ysonde carried to, for trial, [270]
Wexford. A county of Ireland;
emigration from, to Brittany, [22]
Wheel of Fortune, The. A name wrongly given to part of the apparatus of the sacring bell, [380]
White Church. A church in Tréguier;
in the story of the Foster-brother, [170], [171]
William II. Duke of Normandy (William the Conqueror);
Conan II of Brittany and, [27], [28-29];
Bretons accompany, on his expedition against England, [232], [233]
William, Count. The name of the nobleman to whom Marie of France dedicated her Fables, identified with Longsword, Earl of Salisbury, [283-284]
Winds, The. Play a large part in Breton folk-lore, [162];
a wind-tale, [163-167]
Wine. St Germain exchanges for wax from the monks of Dol, [19];
a wine festival in honour of King Gradlon, [189]
Women. In early communities, magical power often the possession of, [246];
generally the conservators of surviving Druidic tradition, [247];
St Goezenou’s antipathy to, [369];
costume of the women of Brittany—see [Costume] and [Head-dress]
Wood of Chestnuts. Mentioned in a story of Morvan, [217]
Y
Yeun, The. A morass of evil repute, [102-103];
a story of, [103-105]
York. The city, in England;
St Samson ordained at, [349]
Youdic, The. A part of the Yeun peat-bog, [103];
a story of, [103-105]
Youghal. A town in Ireland;
Azénor and the infant Budoc washed ashore at, [355];
Budoc becomes abbot of the monastery at, [356]
Youghal, Abbot of. In the legend of St Budoc, [355], [356]
Youth who did not Know. The story of, [106-115]
Ys, or Is. A submerged city of legend;
the legend of, [184-188];
such a legend common to several Celtic races, [187];
Giraldus Cambrensis and the legend of, [187-188]
Yseult. See [Ysonde]
Ysonde, or Yseult. Daughter of the King of Ireland;
some incidents in her story paralleled in the ballad of Bran, [228];
the story of Tristrem and, [257-274];
the story of Tristrem and, claimed as a sun-myth, [274-275]
Ysonde of the White Hand. Daughter of Hoel I, Duke of Brittany;
in the story of Tristrem and Ysonde, [271], [273]
Yves. Husband of Azénor the Pale, [361-363]
Yvon. A youth;
in the story of the Castle of the Sun, [131-137]
Yvonne. A maiden;
in the story of the Castle of the Sun, [131-137]
Zimmer, H. Cited, [278]
Transcriber Notes
Typographical inconsistencies have been changed and are highlighted.
Hyphenation has been standardized.
Otherwise, archaic spelling and the author’s punctuation style have been preserved.