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ENGLISH SCHOOL CLASSICS

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RIVINGTONS: LONDON, OXFORD, AND CAMBRIDGE

[HISTORICAL HANDBOOKS]

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HISTORICAL BIOGRAPHIES

EDITED BY
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LATE FELLOW AND TUTOR OF MERTON COLLEGE, OXFORD.

Edward the Black Prince

[HISTORICAL BIOGRAPHIES]

Edited by
THE REV. M. CREIGHTON, M.A.
LATE FELLOW AND TUTOR OF MERTON COLLEGE, OXFORD

With Maps.

The most important and the most difficult point in historical teaching is to awaken a real interest in the minds of beginners. For this purpose concise handbooks are seldom useful. General sketches, however accurate in their outlines of political or constitutional development, and however well adapted to dispel false ideas, still do not make history a living thing to the young. They are most valuable as maps on which to trace the route beforehand and show its direction, but they will seldom allure any one to take a walk.

The object of this series of Historical Biographies is to try and select from English History a few men whose lives were lived in stirring times. The intention is to treat their lives and times in some little detail, and to group round them the most distinctive features of the periods before and after those in which they lived.

It is hoped that in this way interest may be awakened without any sacrifice of accuracy, and that personal sympathies may be kindled without forgetfulness of the principles involved.

It may be added that around the lives of individuals it will be possible to bring together facts of social life in a clearer way, and to reproduce a more vivid picture of particular times than is possible in a historical handbook.

By reading short biographies a few clear ideas may be formed in the pupil's mind, which may stimulate to further reading. A vivid impression of one period, however short, will carry the pupil onward and give more general histories an interest in their turn. Something, at least, will be gained if the pupil realises that men in past times lived and moved in the same sort of way as they do at present.

The series contains the following Biographies:

[LIFE OF Edward the Black Prince]

BY LOUISE CREIGHTON

WITH MAP AND PLANS

RIVINGTONS WATERLOO PLACE, LONDON Oxford and Cambridge

MDCCCLXXVI

"In war, was never lion rag'd more fierce,
In peace, was never gentle lamb more mild,
Than was that young and princely gentleman;
... when he frown'd it was against the French,
And not against his friends; his noble hand
Did win what he did spend, and spent not that
Which his triumphant father's hand had won:
His hands were guilty of no kindred's blood,
But bloody with the enemies of his kin."

Shakespeare, Richard II. Act ii. Scene 2.

[CONTENTS]

[CHAPTER I.]
EARLY YEARS OF THE BLACK PRINCE.
Page
1330 Birth [1]
Position of Edward III. [2]
Fall of Mortimer [3]
Scottish Affairs [4]
1333 Edward's Claim to the French Crown [7]
Prince Edward's Education [9]
[CHAPTER II.]
BEGINNING OF THE FRENCH WAR.
1336 Flanders and Jacques van Arteveldt [12]
1338 Edward III. sails for Flanders [14]
His Journey to Coblentz [15]
He leads an army into France [16]
1339 He grants Charters to the Flemings [16]
1340 Birth of John of Gaunt [17]
Edward III.'s Money Difficulties [17]
Battle of Sluys [19]
Edward III. Invests Tournai [20]
Truce with France [21]
1344 Earl of Derby sent to Guienne [22]
English Possessions in France [22]
1345 Edward III. goes to Flanders again [24]
Murder of Van Arteveldt [25]
[CHAPTER III.]
CRESSY.
Constitution of Edward III.'s Army [27]
1346 Edward III. sails from Portsmouth [31]
He lands at La Hogue [32]
Capture of Caen [33]
Edward III. marches up the Seine [34]
Pursuit of Philip [35]
Battle of Cressy [37]
[CHAPTER IV.]
THE SIEGE OF CALAIS.
1346 Edward III. lays siege to Calais [46]
1347 Surrender of the Garrison [49]
Heroism of the Six Burghers [49]
Edward III. returns to England [51]
1349 Geoffroy de Chargny tries to retake Calais [52]
[CHAPTER V.]
CHIVALRY.
1347 Effect of Edward's Victories on England [54]
Chivalry [55]
Education of a Knight [56]
Institution of Knighthood [57]
Ideal of Knighthood [58]
Tournaments in England [60]
Order of the Garter [61]
Dress [64]
Furniture [66]
Amusements [67]
Miracle Plays [68]
Christmas Festivities [69]
Hunting and Hawking [70]
[CHAPTER VI.]
THE BLACK DEATH.
1348 First appearance of the Black Death in England [72]
Its Ravages [74]
1349 The Flagellants [75]
Effect of the Black Death on Labour [76]
The Statute of Labourers [78]
Condition of the Labourer [81]
Langland's "Vision of Piers the Plowman" [82]
[CHAPTER VII.]
RENEWAL OF WAR WITH FRANCE.
1350 Sea-fight with the Spaniards [86]
1351 State of France [90]
1354 Triple Invasion of France [92]
1356 Burnt Candlemas [93]
[CHAPTER VII.]
POITIERS.
1355 The Black Prince sails from Poitiers [94]
His Raid into France [95]
1356 He starts on his Second Campaign [96]
Capture of Romorantin [97]
Battle of Poitiers [98]
Capture of King John [107]
The Black Prince returns to Bordeaux [110]
[CHAPTER IX.]
TRIUMPHAL RETURN TO ENGLAND.
1356 Entry of the Black Prince into Bordeaux [113]
1357 Black Prince, with King John, sails for England [115]
They enter London in triumph [115]
State of France [119]
1358 Jaquerie [121]
1359 Peace Negotiations[122]
[CHAPTER X.]
THE PEACE OF BRETIGNY.
1359 Edward III. leads a mighty Army into France [123]
He lays siege to Rheims [125]
He marches into Burgundy [127]
Sir Walter Manny assaults the barriers of Paris [127]
1360 Treaty signed at Bretigny [128]
King John returns to France [129]
Chandos Lieutenant in Aquitaine [131]
[CHAPTER XI]
EDWARD III.'S JUBILEE.
1361 Meeting of Parliament [132]
Black Prince's Marriage [133]
John of Gaunt becomes Duke of Lancaster [133]
Geoffrey Chaucer [134]
1362 Edward III. celebrates his Jubilee [139]
1363 Sumptuary Laws [140]
Archbishop Islip's Remonstrance [141]
Wealth of the City of London [142]
King John's return to England [144]
[CHAPTER XII.]
THE BLACK PRINCE IN AQUITAINE.
State of Aquitaine [145]
Bastides [146]
Edward III.'s Policy in Aquitaine [147]
Black Prince's Court at Bordeaux [149]
1364 Birth of Prince Edward [150]
State of Spain [151]
Don Pedro and Henry of Trastamare [153]
1366 Black Prince promises to help Don Pedro [155]
Preparations for the Spanish Campaign [158]
[CHAPTER XIII.]
SPANISH CAMPAIGN.
1367 Birth of Prince Richard [159]
Troops meet at Dax [160]
Bertrand Du Guesclin [161]
Black Prince crosses the Pyrenees [162]
Henry's Manifesto [163]
Black Prince marches to Logrono [164]
Battle of Navarette [165]
Restoration of Don Pedro [169]
Black Prince winters round Valladolid [170]
He Returns to Aquitaine [171]
[CHAPTER XIV.]
FAILURE IN AQUITAINE.
Effects of Spanish Campaign [173]
1368 Release of Du Guesclin [175]
Death of Don Pedro [176]
Hearth Tax in Aquitaine [177]
Discontent in Aquitaine [177]
1369 Black Prince summoned to Paris [179]
Death of Chandos [180]
1370 Siege of Limoges [183]
1371 Black Prince returns to England [186]
[CHAPTER XV.]
ENGLISH POLITICS.
1369 Death of Queen Philippa [187]
Growth of Parliament [188]
Parliaments of Edward I. [189]
Parliaments of Edward III. [190]
State of Clergy [192]
1371 The Papacy [193]
1351 The Popes at Avignon [194]
1353 Statutes of Provisors and Præmunire [195]
1371 Lancaster's Opposition to the Clergy [197]
Lancaster's Union with Wiclif [197]
William of Wykeham [199]
Petition of Parliament against the Clergy [200]
Triumph of Lancaster's Party [201]
1374 Congress at Bruges [202]
[CHAPTER XVI.]
THE GOOD PARLIAMENT.
1376 Unpopularity of Lancaster [204]
Meeting of Parliament [205]
De la Mare, Speaker [206]
Petitions of Parliament [208]
Impeachments of Lyons, Lord Latimer, &c. [208]
Impeachment of Alice Perrers [210]
[CHAPTER XVII.]
DEATH OF THE BLACK PRINCE.
1376 Scene round Black Prince's Death-bed [212]
His Funeral [215]
His Character [217]
Results of the French Wars [220]
[CHAPTER XVIII.]
THE FIRST YEARS OF RICHARD II.
Lancaster's return to power [221]
1377 Charges of Heresy against Wiclif [222]
His "Simple Priests" [223]
1381 Peasant's Revolt [223]
Insurgents enter London [224]
Murder of Archbishop Simon Sudbury [225]
Death of Wat the Tyler [225]
Wiclif's Translation of the Bible [226]
Summary [229]
PLANS AND MAP.
[Plan of Cressy]39
[Plan of Poitiers]99
[Map of France]at end of vol.

[CHAPTER I.]