FOOTNOTES:
[1] The present Editor once hit upon a copy of the Remains in a bookstall, which had many of these names filled out in pencil; several of them, not all, proved to be accurate, and have been incorporated without acknowledgment to a nameless and deceased annotator.
[2] ‘What is Mysticism?’ in The Faith of the Millions. First Series. By George Tyrrell, S.J. Longmans, 1901, pp. 254-255.
[3] Un Grand Feudataire, Renaud de Dammartin de la Coalition de Bouvines. Par H. Malo. Paris: Champion, 1898.
[4] Reminiscences chiefly of Oriel College and the Oxford Movement, by the Rev. T. Mozley, M.A. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1882, ii., 42-43.
[5] See p. [75]. The incident was recognised by the Rev. T. Mozley when he again saw the sketch, in 1891, as having taken place in the Common Room, not in ‘Newman’s rooms.’
[6] A Study of British Genius, by Havelock Ellis. London; Hurst & Blackett, 1904, p. 53. The passages cited first appeared in The Monthly Review, during 1901.
[7] This, and much of the condensed genealogical information following, is from a paper on the Froudes or Frowdes of Devon in the Reports and Transactions of the Devonshire Association, 1892, written by the Rev. R. E. Hooppell, M.A., LL.D., D.C.L.
[8] Always so spelled, in this family.
[9] Archdeacon Froude, sixty years Rector of his parish, died Feb. 23, 1859. See Gentleman’s Magazine for that year, i., 437, and Boase’s Modern English Biography, i., 1110.
[10] W. Brockedon, F.R.S., F.R.G.S. (b. 1787, d. 1854), was a watchmaker and inventor at Totnes. In 1809 he was enabled by Archdeacon Froude and Mr. Holdsworth, M.P. for Dartmouth, to go up to London to study at the Royal Academy till 1815, when he went abroad and started upon his career.
[11] ‘Poor Att’ [little Anthony Froude], Hurrell wrote in 1828, ‘is such a very good-tempered little fellow that in spite of his sawneyness [i.e., sensitiveness, or softness] he is sure to be liked.’ ‘I,’ he goes on to say, ‘was an ill-natured sawney, and do not at all wish my time at School to come again.’
[12] Eton School Lists, edited by H. E. Chetwynd. Stapleton, 1864.
[13] She married William Mallock, Esq. The distinguished writer, Mr. William Hurrell Mallock, is their son.
[14] The ‘Passon Chowne’ of Mr. Blackmore’s Maid of Sker.
[15] 1826.
[16] ‘To do our best is one part, but to wash our hands smilingly of the consequence is the next part of any sensible virtue.’ The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson. New York: Scribner, 1899, i., 342.
[17] i.e. extravagant or emotional.
[18] In the now obsolete sense of fanaticism.
[19] Oxford.
[20] ‘Mere’ in Remains.
[21] Archdeacon Froude had come into possession of his Denbury estate, through the three coheiresses of the last feoffee, in 1807, when his eldest son was four years old.
[22] His two elder sisters are always so called in his letters.
[23] Keble quitted Oxford when his mother died, and took sole charge of East Leach, Burthorpe and Southrop parishes, near his father’s home in Fairford. He had one thousand people to look after, in all; the three livings aggregated but £100 a year.
[24] The Rev. S. Baring-Gould, The Book of the West. Devon, i., 319.
[25] Buckland-in-the-Moor, near Ashburton, celebrated for its rocky heights and magnificent views.
[26] Mr. Keble’s first visit.
[27] Milton, as early as 1817, was one of Keble’s own big bold prejudices. It is but fair to Froude to quote, in order that his remark may not be misconstrued, his conviction that ‘it is not perhaps too much to say that [Milton’s] was the most powerful mind which ever applied itself to poetry.’ Like Professor Raleigh in our own day, Froude denied that colossal genius to be, properly speaking, a religious poet at all. See Remains, part i., ii., 318-321, and Note.
[28] The moral philosophers of the ancient world.
[29] Phillis, widow of Robert ffroud.
[30] Torquay.
[31] Peter Elmsley, S.T.P., 1773-1825, then Principal of S. Alban Hall, and Camden Professor of History in the University of Oxford.
[32] A Memoir of the Rev. John Keble, M.A., late Vicar of Hursley, by the Right Hon. Sir J. T. Coleridge, D.C.L. Oxford: Parker, 1869, p. 121.
[33] i.e., poetry.
‘His rapier he’d draw,
And pink a bourgeois,
(A word which the English translate “Johnny Raw”).’
—‘The Black Mousquetaire,’ Ingoldsby Legends.
[35] There is no old elm tree now on Dartington Parsonage lawn [1902].
[36] Piercefield Park, Chepstow, Monmouthshire, where Elizabeth Smith had lived from 1785 to 1793.
[37] Her translation of the Memoirs of Frederick and Margaret Klopstock form, in most editions, the second volume of Miss Elizabeth Smith’s Fragments. ‘Old Klopstock’: Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, 1724-1803, married Margarethe Möller (Meta) who died in 1758; and in 1791, in his sixty-eighth year, her cousin Johannah von Wenthem.
[38] Dr. Charles Lloyd, 1784-1829; then Canon of Christ Church, and Regius Professor of Divinity in the University of Oxford, appointed a year later Bishop of Oxford.
[39] The first was Robert Isaac Wilberforce, 1802-1857, second son of William Wilberforce, and the flower of a remarkable family of brothers. He became Vicar of East Farleigh, preceding there his brother Henry, and Archdeacon of the East Riding. He died at Albano in 1857, while preparing for the priesthood at Rome.
[40] Oriel College (College History Series), by David Watson Rannie, M.A. London: Robinson, 1900, p. 185.
[41] Reminiscences chiefly of Oriel College and the Oxford Movement, by the Rev. T. Mozley, M.A. London: Longmans, 1882, ii., 388.
[42] Merton College lies south-east over against Oriel: the beautiful tower stands up just behind the roof of Hurrell’s rooms.
[43] Hurrell seems to have known and liked his senior, Edward Hawkins (1798-1884, Fellow of Oriel, 1813, Provost, succeeding Copleston, 1828), at this time. But ‘not the least of a Don’ is emphatically not descriptive of him, but of Richard Whately, 1787-1863, afterwards Archbishop of Dublin. ‘No Don was ever less donnish … he revelled in setting conventions at naught,’ etc. Dr. Rigg, in the Dictionary of National Biography, lx., 423-429, inter alia.
[44] John Davison, 1777-1834, Fellow and Tutor of Oriel, afterwards Vicar of Old Sodbury, Gloucester, and Prebendary of Worcester Cathedral. He had a very high repute at Oxford, and, like Whately, was mentioned ‘with bated breath.’
[45] ‘Newman’s relations with Whately largely cured him of the extreme shyness that was natural to him.’ W. S. Lilly, in the Dictionary of National Biography, xi., 342.
[46] Probably Hurrell’s old friend, Robert Isaac Wilberforce, then, like himself, a newly-made Fellow of Oriel. (‘Old’ was Hurrell’s most endearing adjective: he applies it unexpectedly in one letter: ‘old Becket.’) Robert Wilberforce’s temperament was far more studious and calm than that of his genial younger brothers, but apparently he could be ‘funny’ and ‘good-natured’ too. ‘R. Wilberforce was as merry as he generally is,’ writes his hostess, Mrs. Rickards, from Ulcombe, to Miss Jemima Newman, in the autumn of 1827.
[47] Keble.
[48] ‘To’ in Remains.
[49] Isaac Williams, 1802-1865: Scholar of Trinity, afterwards perpetual Curate of Treyddn, Flintshire, and author of The Cathedral.
[50] Sir George Prevost, Bart., 1804-1893, M.A., Oriel, 1827, married Jane, sister of Isaac Williams, 1828. Curate to Thomas Keble at Bisley, 1828-1834: afterwards perpetual Curate of Stinchcomb and Archdeacon of Gloucester.
[51] See p. [236] for Mr. Keble’s rebuke to Hurrell for a verbal flippancy. ‘When at Oxford, I took up Law’s Serious Call to a Holy Life, expecting to find it a dull book, as such books generally are, and perhaps laugh at it. But I found Law quite an over-match for me; and this was the first occasion of my thinking in earnest of religion, after I became capable of rational inquiry.’ Boswell’s Johnson, edited by George Birkbeck Hill, i., 68.
[52] The Exemplary Life and Character of James Bonnell, Esq. [1653-1699], late Accomptant General of Ireland, by William Hamilton, A.M., Archdeacon of Armagh. The book was first published in 1703.
[53] The common flash going on. R. H. F.’s note.
[54] A foot wanting. R. H. F., ut supra.
[55] Edward Copleston, 1776-1849: from 1814 to 1828 Provost of Oriel, afterwards Bishop of Llandaff. The Hurrells had Copleston blood.
[56] Reminiscences chiefly of Oriel College and the Oxford Movement, by the Rev. T. Mozley, M.A. London: Longmans, 1882, i., 384.
[57] From the chapter entitled Edward Hawkins, the Great Provost, in Lives of Twelve Good Men, by John William Burgon, pp. 208-209.
[58] ‘Bob.’
[59] William Ralph Churton, Fellow of Oriel, the brilliant and much-loved younger brother of the better-known Edward Churton, Archdeacon of Cleveland. He died at his home in Middleton Cheney, Northamptonshire, during the following month. His Remains were privately printed in 1830, and are dedicated to the then Archbishop of Canterbury, and to nine clergymen, the Oxonians Keble, Ogilvie, Cotton, Perceval, and Froude among them. Their friendship, says the Preface, ‘honoured him in his death’; perhaps they bore together the expenses of publication. There is nothing particularly memorable in the book.
[60] Misprinted ‘situated’ in R. H. F.’s Remains.
[61] John Henry Newman, Letters and Correspondence to 1845. Edited by Anne Mozley. Longmans, 1890, i., 103.
[62] Short Studies on Great Subjects, 4th Series. London: Longmans, 1883, p. 235.
[63] Reminiscences chiefly of Oriel College and the Oxford Movement, by the Rev. T. Mozley, M.A., sometime Fellow of Oriel. London: Longmans, 1882, i., 18.
[64] Sculptor. How recently has ‘statuary’ become an obsolete word!
[65] A print of it appears in the Remains, i., 235.
[66] John Henry Newman, Letters and Correspondence to 1845, i., 8.
[67] The interval of a second in music: an amusing employment of the word, in this sense then, as now, obsolete and rare.
[68] The Christian Year: Forms of Prayer to be Used at Sea, line 5, not quite correctly quoted:
‘The wild winds rustle in the piping shrouds
As in the quivering trees.’
[69] Joseph Dornford, 1794-1868, Fellow of Oriel; after a military career, Rector of Plymtree, Devon, and Canon of Exeter Cathedral. He had travelled in Ireland this summer.
[70] The word now has come to imply a sort of hero-worship based on a questionable social motive; but in Froude’s day it meant only those who showed, described, or patronised celebrated places, these being the ‘lions.’
[71] A half-legendary contemporary of S. Columbkille. Sir Walter Scott had crawled into the Hole or Bed at Glendalough in 1825.
[72] Remains of the Rev. Richard Hurrell Froude, part i., ii., 318, Note.
[73] At Greenaway on the Dart, between Dartmouth and Totnes, opposite Dittisham.
[74] The lines were written in some lady’s autograph album during this visit.
[75] The Christian Year: Septuagesima Sunday, closing stanza.
[76] Arthur, eldest son of Arthur Champernowne, Esq., of Dartington Hall, died during this year, 1831, aged 17. His next brother Henry died in 1851, aged 36.
[77] Newman, Letters and Correspondence, ii., 73.
[78] Of course in allusion to the proverb that rain on July 15 (S. Swithun’s Day) means a more or less prolonged downpour.
[79] William I., King of the Netherlands, formerly William Frederick, Prince of Orange.
[80] Thomas Elrington, M.A., D.D., formerly President of Trinity College, Dublin, an active and devoted prelate. He lived until July 12, 1835.
[81] The name of the Bishop who was the great antagonist of the Lollards, Fellow of Oriel in his day, is properly spelled Pecock.
[82] ‘The Time-Spirit of the Nineteenth Century,’ in Problems and Persons, by Wilfrid Ward. Longmans, 1903.
[83] Robert Isaac Wilberforce. His mind was truly profound, and it was ‘authentic,’ to borrow the word beautifully applied to him in a memorial verse of his friend Mr. Aubrey de Vere.
[84] On Justice as a Principle of Divine Governance. University Sermons, VI.
[85] Neander: this playful Hellenising of Newman’s name was general, at one time, among Oxonians of his own circle.
[86] Henry Bellenden Bulteel (1800-1866), a Devonshire man, Fellow and Tutor of Exeter College, Hurrell’s former contemporary at Eton. He got into difficulties with the Church of England and the University in 1831; after his calling the Heads of Houses ‘dumb dogs,’ from the pulpit of S. Mary’s, Bishop Bagot revoked his licence; he then married a pastry-cook’s sister in the High Street, spent £4000 building the Baptist Chapel in the Commercial Road, and set up as an independent dissenting minister. He was the anonymous author of The Oxford Argo. A good deal laughed at in his day, Bulteel had, according to evidence, the sympathy of Hurrell Froude in his ill fortunes. ‘Froude went about for days with a rueful countenance, and could only say: “Poor Bulteel!”’ Reminiscences, Mozley, i., 228.
[87] James Yonge, M.D., F.C.P., 1794-1870, a graduate of Exeter College, Oxford, and resident at Plymouth, where his practice was famous in its day, all over England.
[88] Of Oriel College.
[89] Hurrell had visited Keble there early in April, and caught a fresh cold.
[91] Prosperity, in Lyra Apostolica. Edited by H. C. Beeching, M.A. London: Methuen [1900], p. 146.
[92] Mary Sophia Newman, the youngest of the family, died, aged 17, on January 5, 1828.
[93] Histoire de la Conquête de l’Angleterre par les Normands. Par Augustin Thierry. Paris: Santelet, 1826. Tomes 1-4, 2de edition, 8o.
[94] A sentimental complaining fellow: the ‘dreary prospects’ being the prospects of a single life devoted to moral reforms.
[95] The usurper of the Portuguese crown, third son of King John VI. The English destroyed his fleet off Cape St. Vincent, July 5, 1833.
[96] ‘Stare’ in the Remains.
[97] Six weeks later, an English lady, Miss Frere, writes home from Malta of our three tourists, ‘Archdeacon Froude, his son, and another clergyman’ … ‘all very agreeable.’ She laments the ill-health of Mr. Newman, but adds that ‘the son, on whose account they are travelling, is quite well.’ Works of the Rt. Hon. John Hookham Frere, vol. i., Memoir, by the Rt. Hon. Sir Bartle Frere. London: Pickering, 1874, p. 242.
[98] Newman says, ‘It was at Rome that we began the Lyra Apostolica’ (Apologia, 1890, p. 34); this letter antedates the arrival at Rome by some days. Newman dates the Lyra from Froude’s choosing its motto from the Odyssey on the eve of magazine publication.
[99] The Rev. C. A. Ogilvie? or Frederick Oakeley? or the young Devonian Nutcombe Oxenham, who, like Isaac Williams, his tutor and lifelong friend, was a Scholar of Trinity? The associates of Mr. Williams were almost exclusively of Oriel.
[100] Froude had visited Samuel Wilberforce there, at Brighstone.
[101] ‘We are keeping the most wretched Christmas Day … by bad fortune we are again taking in coals…. This morning we saw a poor fellow in the Lazaret, close to us, cut off from the ordinances of his Church, saying his prayers with his face to the house of God in his sight over the water; and it is a confusion of face to me…. The bells are beautiful here … deep and sonorous, and they have been going all morning: to me very painfully.’ Newman to his sister Harriett, Letters and Correspondence, i., 274.
[102] Major John Longley, afterwards Lieutenant-Governor of Dominica. Charles Thomas Longley, Head Master of Harrow School from 1829 to 1836, became Archbishop of Canterbury. Cythera is Cerigo.
[103] Spiridion or Spiridon, patron of the island, Bishop of Tremithus near Salamis, present at the first General Council of Nice, and at the Council of Sardica. The Greeks keep his feast on the 12th, the Western Church on the 14th of December.
[104] [Mount Scollis in Elis.]
[105] Correspondence, i., 293-300, passim: and p. 332.
[106] The well-known novel by Susan Edmonstone Ferrier, published at first anonymously in 1818. A beautiful edition, marking some revival of popularity, was issued in 1902.
[107] He could jump well, too: ‘a larking thing for a Don!’ as he tells his mother. Letters and Correspondence, i., 159.
[108] Provinces now merged in the kingdom of Roumania.
[109] Life and Letters of Frederick William Faber, D.D., Priest of the Oratory of St. Philip Neri, by John Edward Bowden of the same Congregation. Richards, 1869, p. 78.
[110] A quaint phrase from the Oriel Statutes. They read: ‘Quoniam omnia existentia tendunt ad non esse.’
[111] ‘I am drawn to [Sicily] as by a loadstone. The chief sight has been Egesta: its ruins with its Temple. O wonderful sight! full of the most strange pleasure…. It has been a day in my life to have seen Egesta … really, my mind goes back to the recollection of last Monday and Tuesday, as one smells again and again at a sweet flower.’ Newman to his sister Harriett, Letters and Correspondence, i., 302.
[112] Joseph Severn, Keats’ friend, 1793-1879.
[113] Friedrich Overbeck, 1789-1869. He became a Catholic in 1814.
[114] Rev. Hugh James Rose, founder and editor: 1795-1838, M.A. of Cambridge University, Rector of Hadleigh, Suffolk; Principal of King’s College, London.
[115] ‘On The Hateful Party: probably the Liberal Party of 1833.’ Lyra Apostolica, Beeching’s edition, p. 140. But possibly the reference is to the English Reformers, and the poet’s idea that they should be considered serviceable, in a way, to the very spirit of Catholicism which they did their best to destroy. However, the context of Froude’s letter to Keble, going on to mention, as it does, a current political interest as inspiration (not forthcoming) for the next copy of verses, tends to bear out Mr. Beeching’s theory. Lyra Apostolica began as a separate poetic section of The British Magazine in June, 1833. The poem above is an unconscious expansion of S. Augustine’s Ne putetis gratis esse malos in hoc mundo, et nihil boni de illis agere Deum.
[116] Exactly what this interpretation was is not apparent from Lord Grey’s biographers, nor from his Letters. On this ground, he was suspect, after his significant remark in the House of Lords, on May 7, 1832: ‘I do not like, in this free country, to use the word Monarchy.’
[117] Christian Carl Josias, Baron Bunsen, 1791-1860, Minister Plenipotentiary, and German Ambassador to England from 1841-1854.
[118] Misread, and misprinted ‘ability’ in the Remains.
[119] The first audit at Oriel, Mr. Christie being then, as Froude’s successor, Junior Treasurer of the College.
[120] Afterwards Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster.
[121] [All this must not be taken literally, being a jesting way of stating to a friend what really was the fact, viz., that he and another availed themselves of the opportunity of meeting a learned Romanist to ascertain the ultimate points at issue between the Churches.] Note, Remains, 1838, i., 306.
[122] Newman writes to a friend then out of England, R. F. Wilson, Esq., on Sept. 8 following: ‘… If we look into history, whether in the age of the Apostles, St. Ambrose’s, or St. Becket’s [sic], still the people were the fulcrum of the Church’s power. So they may be again. Therefore, expect on your return … to see us all cautious, long-headed, unfeeling, unflinching Radicals.’ Newman, Letters and Correspondence, i., 399.
[123] The contributors to the Lyra numbered but six, in the end. Mr. Christie is not among them.
[124] Sir Edmund Walker Head, Bart., 1805-1868, an accomplished Oriel man, Fellow of Merton, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S., and K.C.B., Governor-General of Canada, author of a Handbook of the Spanish and French Schools of Painting, and of various philological and literary essays. Hurrell might have named also a young Mr. Gladstone, late of Christ Church, already eminent in the Oxford academic world and beyond it, who spent a good part of this year, 1832-1833, in Italy.
[125] William Whewell, 1794-1866: Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. The particular ‘book’ may be, judging from the context and the date, the Astronomy and General Physics, considered with Reference to Natural Theology.
[126] Adam Sedgwick, 1785-1873: Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of Cambridge.
[127] Connop Thirlwall, 1797-1875: historian and Bishop of S. David’s.
[128] Julius Charles Hare, 1795-1855, of Trinity College, Cambridge, afterwards Incumbent of Hurstmonceaux, and Archdeacon of Lewes. Like Thirlwall, he was a familiar friend of Baron Bunsen. For a passing instance of the ‘puffing’ contemned by Froude, see Memorials of a Quiet Life, 1876, iii., 224.
[129] John of Salisbury, afterwards Bishop of Chartres, the companion and biographer of S. Thomas à Becket, and ‘for thirty years the central figure of English learning.’ (Stubbs, Lectures, p. 139.) He was born circa A.D. 1118, and died in the year 1180.
[130] Anglicised Latin, that is: Latin taught with the Continental pronunciation, or any approach to it, being unheard-of in the England of that time.
[131] Remains of William Ralph Churton (Private Impression), 1830, p. 162.
[132] Reminiscences, etc., i., 294.
[133] Froude means the Abbé de Lamennais, Lacordaire, Montalembert, and their friends, to whom he was strongly attracted. Lacordaire, newly withdrawn from L’Avenir, was at this time at Nôtre Dame, not yet a Dominican. What a friend he would have been for R. H. F.!
[134] The Absolutions, in the Book of Common Prayer.
[135] [Here, and in many other places, it is the author’s way to bring forward as motives of action for himself and others what were but secondary, and rather the reflection of his mind upon its acts, and that as if with a view to avoid the profession of high and great things. Such, too, is the Scripture way: as where we are told to do good to our enemies, as if ‘to heap coals of fire on their heads,’ and to take the lowest place, in order to ‘have worship in the presence’ of spectators.] Note, Remains, 1838, i., 314.
[136] The motto appears first in The British Magazine, Dec., 1833, followed by: ‘Compare Daniel i., 7.’
[137] Dan. xii., 13.
[138] The reading here, slightly altered and bettered from the copy printed in the Remains, is from Lyra Apostolica, 1836.
[139] Ezek. xxvii., 11.
[140] The text in 1833 has ‘wandering.’ The Rev. H. C. Beeching adopts it, with this Note: ‘Perhaps the line should run: “Far-wandering from the East.”’
[141] In The British Magazine for May 1835 (vii., 518) this poem first appears, and there bears no motto, and has ‘The Exchange’ for title. The title in the Remains is ‘Farewell to Toryism.’
[142] S. Paul, Eph. ii., 8.
[143] The Anglican Revival, by J. H. Overton, D.D. London: Blackie, 1897, p. 206.
[144] James William Bowden, 1798-1844, the most zealous lay participant in the early Movement.
[145] Reminiscences, Mozley, i., 580.
[146] Specimens of the Table-Talk of the late Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Murray, 1835, ii., 26. The curious inference may be made, in regard to Froude’s Editors, that they did not light upon Coleridge’s passage at first-hand, but that somebody brought it to their attention: they, on their part, had accomplished, by chance, the extraordinary feat of ignoring Coleridge. ‘In extreme old age Newman wrote to a friend: “I never read a word of Kant. I never read a word of Coleridge…. I could say the same of Hurrell Froude, and also of Pusey and Keble.”’ Newman, by William Barry. Literary Lives Series. Hodder & Stoughton, 1904, p. 30. The inclusion of the name of Dr. Pusey, Germanic by temperament and by his line of study, is remarkable.
[147] This was July 9, 1833. The Froudes had never had word by post since he had parted from them, and they knew something had gone wrong.
[148] Arthur Philip Perceval, 1799-1853, of Oriel, brother of Lord Arden, and Vicar of East Horsley; afterwards Royal chaplain, and expounder of High Church principles, on one celebrated occasion, before Queen Victoria.
[149] Nobody but Dean Hook calls him ‘learned,’ and the concession may have been thrown in to balance the depreciatory context. ‘With a kind heart and glowing sensibilities, Mr. Froude united a mind of wonderful power, saturated with learning, and from its very luxuriance productive of weeds, together with many flowers.’ A Call to Union on the Principles of the English Reformation, 2nd ed., 1838, p. 167.
[150] Remains of R. H. F., part i., ii., 307. On the Causes of the Superior Excellence of the Poetry of Rude Ages.
[151] This is not among his published Sermons, but may have gone to make up the mosaic of State Interference papers in the Remains, part ii., i., 184-269.
[152] ‘Snug’ in Remains.
[153] The Queen.
[154] The British Magazine for July, 1833, vol. iii., The Appointment of Bishops by the State. Correspondence under the same title opens in the September number, v., 290 et seq., signed ‘F.’
[155] Newman figures as responsible for it in the valuable Appendix to the third volume of the Life of Dr. Pusey.
[156] Correspondence, i., 421.
[157] John Mitchinson Calvert of Crosthwaite, Cumberland, and of Oriel, M.A., M.D., who knew Froude well, and was his own age.
[158] S. Thomas à Becket’s word for the poor.
[159] The ‘man’ is Jean Bon de St. André, Deputy to the Convention for the Department of Lot during the Reign of Terror; he was preferred by Napoleon, and died in 1813. He was present when Earl Howe defeated the French fleet on June 1, 1794, and distinguished himself after the fashion commemorated in the Elegy which appeared in the Anti-Jacobin Review and Magazine on May 14, 1798, and was the joint production of Canning, Gifford, and Frere:
‘Poor John was a gallant captain
In battles much delighting;
He fled full soon,
On the first of June,
But he bade the rest keep fighting.’
The stave appears again, of course, in Poetry of the Anti-Jacobin, Edited with Explanatory notes by Charles Edmonds, 3rd edition, London, Sampson Low, etc., 1890, p. 187. The New Anti-Jacobin, a brilliant monthly advocating high Tory principles, sprang into life for April and May, 1833, and died. Froude must have been deeply interested in it. Nothing we know of him is more engaging than this very gallant applying to himself of such a quotation at such a time, and for such a reason.
[160] Rev. Anthony Buller, 1809-1881, afterwards Rector of Mary Tavy; ordained at Exeter on Oct. 27 of this year.
[161] The Arians of the Fourth Century.
[162] Mr. Rose’s friend, William Rowe Lyall, 1788-1857, then Archdeacon of Colchester, afterwards Dean of Canterbury. Owing to Mr. Rose’s failing health, the two exchanged livings this year, and Archdeacon Lyall remained at Hadleigh till 1841, Mr. Rose having died in Italy.
[163] Of 1831.
[164] William Hart Coleridge, 1789-1849, brother to George, Master of Ottery Free School; first Bishop of Barbados and the Leeward Islands, 1824, and reorganiser of Codrington College. He resigned in 1841, when the diocese was divided.
[165] ‘Unconnected’ in the text of the Remains, but corrected in the little list of errata.
[166] This, of course, is one of the passages upon which the Editors of the Remains rely to prove negatively their contention that Froude’s Anglicanism was immutably fixed. The ‘Popery’ in this passage is not in its ‘grammatical sense,’ but plainly refers to furtherance of O’Connell’s measures.
[167] Jeremy Collier’s Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain, first published in two volumes folio in 1708, 1714.
[168] Lieutenant-Colonel J. Lyons Nixon, L.G.
[169] [If they had had the whole body of the English Church in agreement with them. The sort and amount of alteration which the writer probably contemplated may be seen in Tracts for the Times, Via Media.] Note, Remains, i., 348. So sure was Newman of R. H. F.’s posthumous approbation.
[170] Thomas Fowell Buxton, 1786-1845, M.P., knighted in 1840, prison reformer (brother-in-law of Mrs. Fry), and William Wilberforce’s successor as head of the Anti-slavery party in England.
[171] John Spedding Froude.
[172] A ‘Z’ stood, in Tractarian, for an ‘Establishment man.’
[173] Thus in the Remains, but ‘if,’ by a misprint, in The Newman Correspondence, ii., 33.
[174] Keble was eleven years older than Froude, nine years older than Newman.
[175] Founded by a bequest to the S.P.G. of Christopher Codrington, 1668-1710, the munificent Fellow of All Souls, Oxford; licensed by Queen Anne; opened as a Grammar School in 1742; but not a Collegiate institution for West Indian clergy, as originally intended, until 1830.
[176] To ‘battel’ is a verb purely Oxonian by origin. Battels are a man’s College accounts for supplies from kitchen and buttery, or else all College accounts, inclusive of board, lodging, tuition, rates, and sundries.
[177] The Arians of the Fourth Century; their Doctrine, Temper, and Conduct, chiefly as Exhibited in the Councils of the Church between A.D. 325 and A.D. 384, by John Henry Newman, M.A., Fellow of Oriel College. London: Rivingtons, 1833. The book is dedicated to Keble. The review is in The British Magazine for January, 1834, v., 67. Mr. T. Mozley thinks that The Arians is the landmark of Newman’s progress from Low Church to High Church.
[178] There are two brief papers and a poem signed ‘C.’ in The British Magazine Supplement, Dec. 31, 1833, in vol. iv. The matter referred to is probably that dealing ‘Apostolically’ with Confirmation and First Communion. The Editor has not been able to identify ‘C.’
[179] This still exists, the tallest, (a huge tree in Froude’s time,) being over one hundred feet high.
[180] Vol. v., pp. 667 et seq.; vi., 380 et seq.
[181] ‘Some one, I think, asked in conversation at Rome [1833], whether a certain interpretation of Scripture was Christian. It was answered that Dr. Arnold took it; I interposed: “But is he a Christian?” The subject went out of my head at once.’ Apologia pro Vita Sua, 1890, p. 33.
[182] The Rev. George Dudley Ryder, second son of the Hon. and Rt. Rev. Lord Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry. He married in June, 1834, Sophia Lucy, youngest daughter of the Rev. J. Sargent, Rector of Lavington, Sussex, sister of Mrs. Henry and of Mrs. Samuel Wilberforce, and of Mrs. H. E. Manning.
[183] To ‘rat,’ a favourite verb with the two hide-bound purists who used it daily, means obviously to forsake or abandon anything, as rats skurry away from a sinking ship.
[184] The Rev. John Hothersal Pinder, M.A., Cambridge, first Principal, from 1830 to 1835, subsequently first Principal of Wells Theological College.
[185] North-east of Torquay.
[186] Newman, prompted by Isaac Williams, and following Thomas Keble at Bisley, had, unknown to Froude, begun a month before to read the two Church services daily in the chancel of S. Mary’s at Oxford: but a daily Eucharist was then unheard of in the Church of England.
[187] Reminiscences, i., 217.
[188] Frederic Rogers, afterwards Lord Blachford, 1811-1889. He had been Froude’s pupil, and also Newman’s, through a dazzlingly brilliant University career. He occupied Froude’s rooms at Oriel on staircase No. 3 for at least one term during his absence.
[189] In reference to Lib. iv., Carm. iii., 19-20: Ad Melpomenen.
[190] Vol. i., 369-372.
[191] J. H. N., Letters and Correspondence, i., 397-399.
[192] Essays Critical and Historical, by John Henry Cardinal Newman. London: Longmans, 1891, ii., 375.
[193] Chronicle of Convocation, Sessions, July 3-6, 1887. The capitals occur there, as here.
[194] J. H. N., Letters and Correspondence, i., 423.
[195] John Tucker, 1793-1873, Fellow of Corpus Christi College, and at this time Dean; Vicar of West Hendred, Berkshire.
[196] The Note in the Remains, i., 405, calls attention to the circumstance that R.H.F. was speaking of the Church system only; i.e., the Establishment.
[197] Both Newman and Froude often employ this word in a sense now quite obsolete. ‘The notion of diversion, entertainment, is comparatively of recent introduction into the word. To amuse was to cause to muse, to occupy or engage, and in this sense indeed to divert, the thoughts and attention.’ Trench, Select Glossary, 1890, p. 7.
A perfect example of the bygone function of the word occurs in Daniel’s Musophilus, where he condoles with ‘Sacred Religion, mother of form and fear,’ in the days when she must
‘Sit poorly, without light, disrobed; no care
Of outward grace to amuse the poor devout.’
[198] Joram or jorum is a drinking-bowl.
[199] I.e., the work, then in progress, on The Life and Times of Thomas à Becket.
[200] The Christian Year: Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holy-days Throughout the Year. First American Edition. Philadelphia: Carey, Lea and Blanchard, MDCCCXXXIV.
[201] Frederick Oakeley, 1802-1880: Tutor and Lecturer of Balioll College, Select Preacher to the University in 1831, Minister of Margaret Chapel (on the site of All Saints, Margaret Street, London W.) 1839-1845, and for the last thirty years of his life priest and Canon of the Archdiocese of Westminster.
[202] The American editor, ‘G. D. W.’ [George Washington Doane].
Among the footnotes is the following: ‘The Editor is accountable, throughout the volume, for the use of the Italic letter. He has adopted that method of designating such lines as possess, in his judgment, peculiar beauty.’ The preface is dated July 1, 1834. More than twenty-five editions had been published in England at this time.
[203] With Froude always, though not with Newman, domesticity spelled desertion of the Cause: to be married was, practically, to ‘rat.’
[204] The British Magazine for September, 1834, had announced the marriage of H. W. Wilberforce, Esq., M.A., Oriel College, to Mary, second daughter of the late Rev. J. Sargent, Rector of Lavington.
[205] Hurrell may well have known the state of poor Williams’ heart in regard to Miss Caroline Champernowne of Dartington Hall: the marriage, however, did not come off until 1842. Mr. Keble is not mentioned in his worshipping disciple’s incriminating list, but he had married Miss Charlotte Clark at Bisley on the tenth of the preceding October. He was then in his forty-fourth year. The engagement was of several years’ standing.
[206] Mr. Christie married in 1847.
[207] John Frederick Christie, M.A., Fellow of Oriel, received Deacon’s Orders in the Cathedral at Oxford, on May 25, 1834, and Priest’s Orders in the same place, on December 20, 1835.
[208] [Such as the necessity of holding by the union of Church and State; of contenting himself with the English liturgical services, etc. Note, Remains, i., 386.] The Editors mistook Hurrell’s word ‘one’ in the text, printing it as ‘me.’
[209] To smug is to confiscate without ceremony.
The Exeter Flying Post, during the last week of the preceding May, had announced the arrival of ‘the Bishop of Barbados and his family, on a visit to Mrs. Coleridge’s father, the venerable Dean of Winchester.’ The ‘thorough Z’ was in delicate health, and it forced him, ultimately, to resign his charge. His only son, a young child in Froude’s time at Barbados, Mr. Rennell Coleridge, has just died at Salston, Ottery St. Mary (May, 1904).
[210] Isaac Williams was long believed to be hopelessly ill, but recovered.
[211] The Rev. John Keble, Sr., Vicar of Coln St. Aldwyn, father and sole educator of John and of Thomas Keble, up to the time of their entering the University. He had inherited what he so splendidly transmitted: the Carolian and Nonjuring tradition.
[212] He was by no means alone in indulging this pious sentiment. On all sides, in 1835, ‘from Newman to Macaulay, from Cobbett to Arnold, the Reformers were receiving scathing criticism.’ The Life-Work of Cardinal Wiseman, in Problems and Persons, by Wilfrid Ward. Longmans, 1903.
[213] Of Nov. 18, 1834. This is a homespun boyish acknowledgement of Newman’s beautiful flight of words, straight to the heart of his friend.
[214] Newman’s note some thirty years later, Letters and Correspondence, ii., 7. ‘N.B.—Froude would not believe that I was in earnest, as I was, in shrinking from the views which he boldly followed out. I was against Transubstantiation.’
[215] In the standard modern edition, Pensées Fragments et Lettres de Blaise Pascal … par M. Prosper Faugère, Paris, Leroux, 1897, the passage occurs in Lettre V. (à Mademoiselle de Roannez), fin d’Octobre, 1656, pp. 52-53.
[216] Probably in a letter. Mr. Christie was at this time devoting himself to Ridley, whom he looked upon, Mr. Mozley tells us, as a Saint and an Authority; his papers appeared later in The British Critic.
[217] Sir William Hamilton’s celebrated (anonymous) article on ‘Admission of Dissenters to the Universities,’ Edinburgh Review, vol. lx., pp. 202 et seq., for October, 1834, includes some telling paragraphs on the Practical Theology (in reference to the countenancing of polygamy) and the Biblical Criticism (boldly destructive) of Luther, Bucer, and Melancthon.
[218] First published as Tract 18: Thoughts on the Benefits of the System of Fasting enjoined by our Church. It is dated Oxford, The Feast of S. Thomas [1834], and signed E. B. P., being the first of the Tracts to bear a signature, by way of disassociating its author from the real Tractarians.
[219] The ‘Dartington one’ is, as we have seen, ‘Scripture a Record of Human Sorrow’; the ‘Naples one’ is possibly ‘Religious Emotion,’ Nos. xiv. and xxv. in Parochial Sermons, by John Henry Newman, M.A., Vicar of S. Mary the Virgin’s, Oxford, and Fellow of Oriel College. London: Rivington, 1834.
[220] Did Froude mean to write ‘Gallican’? Saint Francis de Sales as a Jansenist fills a new rôle.
[221] ‘The Rise and Fall of Gregory,’ chapter ix., in The Church of the Fathers. Reprinted from The British Magazine, by Rivington, 1840, p. 146.
[222] Robert Isaac Wilberforce, as Vicar of East Farleigh, near Maidstone, Kent, was out of Oxford life practically from 1831 to 1849.
[223] Choused means swindled, duped.
[224] Sic.
[225] Unidentified.
[226] He has forgotten, for the moment, his own illuminating word spoken two years before: ‘Surely the promise “I am with you always” means something?’ …
[227] The famous emendation of the thirteenth stanza in the Gunpowder Treason hymn, which now reads in all editions of The Christian Year,—
‘There present in the heart
As in the hands,’
was made after Keble’s death, by his executors, and in accordance with his own request. The request was based upon that of ‘my dear friend Hurrell Froude,’ over thirty years before. Keble had long held out against the alteration, and for what he thought good cause, even against Pusey, maintaining that ‘Not in the hands’ should be understood as ‘Not [only] in the hands.’ He had precedents and analogies to lean upon. But when Bishop Jeune on February 9, 1866, quoted the original lines in Convocation as against the Real Objective Presence, the poet, then near his end, eagerly effected the change. The ordinary reader may wonder whether a more astounding variant be known to doctrinal statement.
[228] Both quotations are from one of the loveliest and tenderest numbers of The Christian Year: that entitled ‘Holy Baptism,’ stanzas v. and iii.
[229] ‘Someone’ was of course quoting from the Vulgate, the Song of Solomon, iv., 11.
[230] The Rev. John Keble, Sr., died on Jan. 24, 1835, aged 89.
[231] Thus in the Newman Correspondence, ii., 94. In the Remains the reading is ‘little to boast of.’
[232] Froude would not have heard of the famous contest for the Speakership on Feb. 19, 1835, as he left the West Indies in March, or early April. James Abercromby, Esq., of Edinburgh, obtained on that day a majority of ten over Sir Charles Manners Sutton, who thereupon retired in chagrin from public life, and was created Viscount Canterbury.
[233] Letters of Frederic Lord Blachford, edited by George Eden Marindin. London: Murray, 1896, p. 24.
[234] Reminiscences, ii., 14.
[235] ‘The Oxford Counter-Reformation,’ in Short Studies on Great Subjects, 4th Series: 1883.
[236] Tract 63, afterwards published, with additions, in the Remains, part i., ii., 383-423.
[237] (With dogma: not with disease!)
[238] The Ritualists, or Non-Natural Catholics. London: Shaw & Co., 2nd edition, 1867, p. 73.
[239] In the Church of England, he means. Catholic altars were, and are, always of stone, the custom of stone altars having been ruled as obligatory at the Council of Epaon, A.D. 517. Dr. Pusey’s dismay will be remembered at the adverse decision given on 31st January, 1845, against stone altar-slabs, as ‘revived’ in S. Sepulchre’s Church at Cambridge. (Liddon’s Pusey, ii., 483.)
[240] La Renaissance Catholique en Angleterre, par Paul Thureau-Dangin de l’Académie française. 1re Partie. Paris: Plon, 1899, p. 160.
[241] ‘Que se passa-t-il entre eux? Wiseman ne l’a jamais révélé.’ Idem, p. 104. M. Thureau-Dangin’s treatment of Froude throughout is exquisite and just, though he contrives to miss a point or two.
[242] Newman warns us in the Preface to Loss and Gain against actual identifications of his scenes and characters; and the warning is just, because there is no warrant for the identifications. But reading between the lines is particularly profitable with every page of Newman’s, dictated by an almost unexampled deliberation and sensitiveness. Reding (for one instance out of many), quitting his beautiful and beloved Oxford, goes early in the morning to kiss the willows along the Water-walks good-bye. It is almost impossible that the man who thinks such a thing should not also be the man who has done it.
[243] ‘Things,’ one is left to infer, which depended more or less on the proximity of the Bodleian, and implied something in the way of historical fiction.
[244] In vol. vii., 1835. The article for June, pp. 662-668, is Letter No. xii. in The Church of the Fathers, and consists of a little essay on S. Augustine, with excerpts from his treatises and private correspondence on the subject of the religious life.
[245] The Statutes excluding married Fellows being still in force.
[246] Years after this was written, late in the seventies, he must have passed near it, going to visit his brother-in-law, the Rev. Thomas Mozley, at Plymtree.
[247] I.e., haranguing against ‘Romanism.’
[248] James Shergold Boone, 1799-1859, an Oxonian, then editor of The British Critic.
[249] Copleston.
[250] The Rev. Charles Portates Golightly, 1807-1885, M.A., Oriel: King of the ‘Peculiars.’
[251] The Rev. Benjamin Harrison, 1808-1887, M.A., Christchurch, afterwards Archdeacon of Maidstone and Canon of Canterbury.
[252] Probably Thomas Mozley, newly appointed Junior Treasurer of Oriel.
[253] The Rev. Robert Francis Wilson, M.A., Oriel, was appointed Mr. Keble’s Curate in 1835, and became his lifelong friend.
[254] In the review of Blanco White’s Observations on Heresy and Orthodoxy.
[255] The Rev. John Richard Bogue, a Cambridge graduate, then, or later, Curate of Cornworthy, towards Dartmouth.
[256] Life of Edward Bouverie Pusey, by Henry Parry Liddon, D.D., etc. London: Longmans, 1893, i., 359.
[257] John Mozley and Jemima Newman were married on April 28, 1836. Thomas Mozley’s first wife was Harriet Newman, married to him in September of the same year. Not only the Mozleys of the Tractarian group, but two of the Wilberforces (Samuel and Henry), and the two Kebles, married sisters.
[258] A ‘prose,’ in this pleasant sense, seems always, with Oxford men of that date, to mean a disquisition in the nature of a monologue.
[259] Hurrell Froude’s first instalments of the articles embracing translations of S. Thomas à Becket’s original letters (from the Vatican Archives and other original sources) appeared in The British Magazine for November, 1832, ii., 233-242, and had run on pretty regularly ever since.
[260] In the theological sense.
[261] William Palmer (Vigornensis, as he was locally called to distinguish him from his namesake at Magdalen College), and Newman, in lesser measure, were responsible for this Tract, numbered 15.
[262] During this month Blanco White had avowed himself a Unitarian, and quitted Archbishop Whately’s house in Dublin.
[263] By accident, the same adjectives had instinctively occurred in a postscript of Harriett Newman’s, written a month or two before. ‘Who can refrain from tears at the thought of that bright and beautiful Froude?’ she writes. ‘He is not expected to last long.’
[264] Coleridge’s Memoir of John Keble, p. 235.
[265] ‘Separation,’ Lyra Apostolica, Beeching’s edition, p. 17. See p. [331] of this book.
[266] Cholderton (Thomas Mozley’s Rectory), Oct. 3, 1839.—‘Keble’s Preface to the Remains [Part II.], which awaited me here, is very good, as far as I can judge; but somehow I want the faculty of judging anything of Keble’s.’—John Henry Newman, Letters and Correspondence to 1845. Longmans, 1890, ii., 213, 257.
[267] Lost.
[268] Newman. The anonymous review appeared in The Christian Observer for July, 1837, pp. 460-479. The volume bears no number.
[269] Probably Henry Halford Vaughan of Christ Church, 1811-1885; the distinguished jurist; elected Fellow of Oriel in 1835; afterwards Regius Professor of Modern History.
[270] Renn Dickson Hampden, D.D., 1793-1868, received in October, 1836, his famous (Dean Burgon’s adjective was ‘scandalous’) appointment by Lord Melbourne to the Regius Professorship of Divinity in the University of Oxford, against the vehement and prolonged opposition of both Low Church and High Church, to whom ‘Hampdenism’ meant nothing less than the negation of Christian doctrine and the Catholic spirit. Hampden, if not ‘Hampdenism,’ was to be greatly crippled by the Oxford Convocation of the following May.
[271] The Rev. R. C. Fillingham’s wit, wasted on a winter Sunday morning in the Pembroke Street Chapel, Oxford, may be worth hoarding up. ‘The Martyrs died to protest against the ridiculous doctrine of the Real Presence, and the man who preached that doctrine from the pulpit was a traitor, and deserved to be drummed out of the Church. (Applause)…. The new religion of the Church of England was founded in 1833 … in order to save the endowments, and was really a pecuniary dodge. The Martyrs’ Memorial protested against it, and said this new thing was not the religion of the true Church of England. The Memorial protested against dishonesty; it stood as a protest against shams, etc., etc.’—The Oxford Times, Jan. 16, 1904.
[272] The Rev. Edward Churton, 1800-1874, Rector of Crayke, the Spanish scholar, biographer of Joshua Watson.
[273] Lives of Twelve Good Men, by John William Burgon, B.D., late Dean of Chichester. London: Murray, 1891, p. 129.
[274] Afterwards seventh Earl of Carlisle.
[275] Correspondence, ii., 255.
[276] Letters of Frederic Lord Blachford, edited by George Eden Marindin. Murray, 1896, p. 50.
[277] Life of William Ewart Gladstone, by John Morley. Macmillan, 1903, i., 306.
[278] Idem, p. 161.
[279] Remains, vol. ii., 229, 250, and elsewhere.
[280] Mr. Ruskin.
[281] Rose to Pusey, in Burgon’s Lives of Twelve Good Men, p. 125.
[282] ‘A More Excellent Way,’ in The Faith of the Millions. First Series. By George Tyrrell, S. J. Longmans, 1901, p. 5.
[283] Sir James Stephen, ‘The Evangelical Succession,’ in Essays in Ecclesiastical Biography. London: Longmans, 1860, 4th edition, i., 462.
[284] Quoted in The Monthly Repository for 1835, discovered and reproduced in Mr. Bertram Dobell’s Sidelights on Charles Lamb, 1903, p. 325.
[285] Life and Letters of Ambrose Phillipps de Lisle, i., 199. Compare the Rev. Spencer Jones’ remarkable article, ‘Who Makes the Division?’ in The Lamp for April or May, 1904. ‘The terminus ad quem of the Oxford Movement, by logical and divine necessity, seems to us to be the return of the Anglican Church to the supreme authority of the Holy See. To it we must come, if we desire to possess a sanctuary once more.’
[286] Canon Smith, Rector of S. Peter’s Catholic Church at Marlow, once the Anglican Rector of Leadenham, died, aged 89, on October 24, 1903, while the first sheets of this book were passing through the press.
[287] It is the saying of a contemporary wit: ‘Did you ever see a clever Anglican who did not worry over his Church? and did you ever see a clever Roman who did?’
[289] Reminiscences, i., 441.
[290] Life and Letters of Walter Farquhar Hook, D.D., F.R.S., by his Son-in-Law, W. R. W. Stephens. Bentley, 1878, ii., 103.
[291] L’Anglo-Catholicisme, par le Père Ragey. Paris: Lecoffre [1897], pp. 4, 7.
[292] Mr. Simcox in The Academy, May 22, 1891, xxxix., 481.
[293] The physical resemblance between R. H. F.’s child-portrait and il buon Pippo, becomes none the less noteworthy when one turns towards what Newman wrote from Rome to his sister about S. Philip Neri, on January 26, 1847. ‘This great Saint reminds me in so many ways of Keble, that I can fancy what Keble would have been … in another place and age; he was formed on the same type of extreme hatred of humbug, playfulness, nay, oddity, tender love of others, and severity.’ John Henry Newman, Letters and Correspondence to 1845, ii., 424.