APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

SCHEDULE No. I.—EMPLOYERS
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC SERVICE

The graduates of Vassar College, Classes of ’88 and ’89, desire to collect statistics in regard to the subject of domestic service, and ask your assistance.

The work has grown out of a belief that a knowledge of some of the actual conditions of such service, as viewed from the standpoint of both employer and employee, is essential to an intelligent discussion of this question. It is hoped to tabulate the results obtained, showing the average wages paid in each occupation, the length of time employed, etc. The statistics, to be of value, must represent the experiences of many housekeepers in many localities, and the co-operation of all who are interested in the subject is earnestly solicited. Three schedules are sent you upon which to supply information.

Schedule No. I.—For Employers (mistresses of households).

Schedule No. II.—For Employees (domestic servants of all kinds).

Schedule No. III.—For Educational Statistics (from teachers, etc., in the kinds of schools specified).

These schedules are sent to all housekeepers and their employees who can be communicated with by the members of the Classes of ’88 and ’89 and the Department of History.

Will you please fill out the following blank and return it to the person sending it to you, or to the address given below? Please complete all the columns relating to each person in your employ.

Only estimates can be given in reply to Questions 7, 10, and 12.

If any question—as No. 17—is not applicable to you, this sign—X—may be used.

A prompt reply will be considered as a special favor.

All personal information will be treated as confidential. The name is asked as a guarantee of good faith, to avoid sending duplicates, and to render possible further correspondence in regard to special points of experience. It may, however, be omitted if desired.

Please return to—Department of History,
Vassar College,
Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

December 1, 1889.

OCCUPATIONS NUMBER ETC. WAGES LABOR
I
Number engaged in each occupation		 II
Place of birth[1]		 III
Time in your employ		 IV
Paid by the day, week, or month		 V
Amount		 VI
With or without board		 VII
Actual working hours per day		 VIII
Time allowed each week		 IX
Vacation time allowed during year		 X
With or without loss of wages
WOMEN
General Servants $
Second Girls $
Cooks and Laundresses $
Cooks $
Laundresses $
Chambermaids and Waitresses $
Chambermaids $
Waitresses $
Nurses $
Seamstresses $
$
$
MEN
Butlers $
Coachmen and Gardeners $
Coachmen $
Gardeners $
$
$

[1] If foreign born, state the number of years each employee has resided in this country.

1. Name of Employer, ____

2. Post Office, ____ 3. County, ____

4. State, ____ 5. Date, ____

6. Do you live in a city, in a town, or in the country? ____

7. Estimated present population of city or town, ____

8. Leading industries of city or town, ____

9. Are women and girls employed in these industries? ____

10. Estimated total number so employed, ____

11. Are women and girls employed as clerks? ____

12. Estimated total number so employed, ____

13. Length of time you have been housekeeping, ____

14. Total number of domestic servants employed during that time, ____

15. Length of time without servants, ____

16. Length of time you have boarded, ____

17. Length of time you have boarded since marriage, ____

18. Number of persons in your family, ____

19. Name any special privileges granted your servants, such as single rooms, the use of a sitting-room, etc., ____

20. Have you paid, as a rule, higher or lower wages this year than last year, and in what branches of occupation, respectively? ____

21. Nature of the service rendered. Is it “Excellent,” “Good,” “Fair,” or “Poor”? Please specify by kinds of employment, ____

22. Have you found it difficult to obtain good domestic servants? ____

23. What explanation of the difficulty can you give? ____

24. How do you think the difficulty can be lessened or removed? ____

SCHEDULE No. II.—EMPLOYEES
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC SERVICE

1. Name, ____

2. Place of birth, ____

3. Present residence (city or town, and state), ____

4. Name of present employer, ____

5. Present occupation, ____

6. Years of service in present occupation, ____

7. Years of service with present employer, ____

8. Number of previous employers (domestic occupations), ____

9. Whole number of years engaged in domestic occupations, ____

10. Present wages received, per week, $____; per month, $____

11. Highest wages received from previous employers, per week, $____; per month, $____

12. Lowest wages received from previous employers, per week, $____; per month, $____

13. Have you ever had any regular employment other than housework? ____

14. Name such kinds of employment, ____

15. Highest wages received in other than domestic occupations, per week, $____; per month, $____

16. Lowest wages received in other than domestic occupations, per week, $____; per month, $____

17. Why do you choose housework as your regular employment? ____

18. What reasons can you give why more women do not choose housework as a regular employment? ____

19. Would you give up housework if you could find another occupation that would pay you as well? ____

Note.—All personal information will be treated as confidential.

Please return the Schedule to the person giving it to you, or to—

Department of History,
Vassar College,
Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

December 1, 1889.

SCHEDULE No. III.—SCHOOLS, Etc.
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC SERVICE

Schools for Training Domestic Servants

1. City or Town, and State, ____

2. Number of such schools, ____

3. How supported, ____

4. Number that can be accommodated at the present time, ____

5. Present number in attendance, ____

6. Greatest number ever in attendance, ____

7. Total number in attendance since organization, ____

Public Schools where Household Employments are Taught

8. City or Town, and State, ____

9. Number of such schools, ____

10. Kinds of employment taught, ____

11. Is instruction compulsory or optional? ____

12. Is the object of such instruction technical or general? ____

13. Present number receiving such instruction, ____

Private Schools where Household Employments are Taught

14. Names of schools, ____

15. City or Town, and State, ____

16. Present number receiving such instruction, ____

Women’s Exchanges, Etc.

17. Please give, below, instances with which you are acquainted of

1. Women’s exchanges.

2. Co-operative housekeeping.

3. Food prepared at home for sale outside.

4. Housework, not including ordinary day labor or sewing done by persons other than regular servants,

and state also how far the results in these cases have been remunerative, ____

Name, ____

Address, ____

Please return the Schedule to the person giving it to you, or to

Department of History,
Vassar College,
Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

December 1, 1889.

APPENDIX II

The following table shows the geographical distribution of the replies received to the schedules sent out.

STATES NUMBERS
Cities and Towns
Represented		 Employers Employees
Alabama 2 2 11
California 13 30 76
Colorado 2 2 2
Connecticut 18 37 86
District of Columbia 1 13 32
Florida 3 3 8
Illinois 27 58 146
Indiana 11 45 94
Iowa 14 38 68
Kansas 4 6 9
Kentucky 2 5 9
Louisiana 2 2 2
Maine 4 6 6
Maryland 1 5 16
Massachusetts 53 199 486
Michigan 21 45 80
Minnesota 5 6 12
Mississippi 1 1 1
Missouri 4 26 90
Nebraska 4 12 21
Nevada 1 2 2
New Hampshire 5 5 6
New Jersey 16 42 126
New York 58 231 606
North Carolina 2 2 2
Ohio 10 30 81
Pennsylvania 18 58 202
Rhode Island 4 8 32
South Carolina 8 23 94
South Dakota 2 2 2
Tennessee 1 1 3
Texas 5 31 72
Utah 1 2 4
Vermont 3 3 8
Virginia 2 3 9
Washington 2 2 3
Wisconsin 9 19 38
Total 339 1005 2545

APPENDIX III

The following circular letter was sent out in November, 1895, to the members of the Civic Club of Philadelphia:

The Committee on Household Economics to the Members of the Civic Club:

The following standards of work and wages are submitted by the Committee on Household Economics to the members of the Civic Club for their consideration, with a view to taking some action on the subject during the next season.

If any amendments or additions suggest themselves to the members of the Club, will they please note them in the blank space left for that purpose, and send the paper to the Chairman of the Household Economics at the address given below?

In case an applicant for service fails to come up to these standards, the employer agrees to furnish instruction in the points of failure, the employee agreeing to share half the expense of such instruction by accepting a corresponding reduction of weekly wages until skill is attained. It is understood, of course, that the employer furnishes the proper materials and utensils for the performance of the labor.

STANDARDS OF WORK AND WAGES IN HOUSEHOLD LABOR

Cooks at $3.50 or $4.00 per Week

Waitresses at $3.00 or $3.50 per Week

Chambermaids at $3.00 or $3.50 per Week

Child’s Nurse at $3.00 or $3.50 per Week

Laundress at $3.50 or $4.00 per Week

Seamstress at $3.50 or $4.00 per Week

BIBLIOGRAPHY
FULL TITLES OF WORKS REFERRED TO IN THE TEXT

Alsop, George. A Character of the Province of Maryland. New York, 1869.

Anburey, Thomas. Travels through the Interior Parts of America. 2 vols. London, 1789.

Annuaire statistique de la France, 1892-1894.

Arrivals of Alien Passengers and Immigrants in the United States from 1820 to 1890, see United States Treasury Department.

Arusmont, Madame Frances Wright D’. Views of Society and Manners in America, 1818-1820, by an Englishwoman. New York, 1821.

Audiger. La Maison réglée. 1692. (The preface is given in Franklin, La Cuisine.)

Babeau, Albert. Les Artisans et les domestiques d’autrefois. Paris, 1886.

Bacon, Alice M. Japanese Girls and Women. Boston, 1891.

Bacon, Thomas. The Laws of Maryland at Large. Annapolis, 1765.

Barber, J. W. Connecticut Historical Collections. New Haven, Conn., 1838.

Bienaymé, Gustav. Le Coût de la vie à Paris à diverses époques, in Journal de la Société de Statistique de Paris, November, 1899.

Bird, Isabella. The Englishwoman in America. London, 1856.

Bolles, Albert S. Industrial History of the United States. Norwich, Conn., 1879.

Booth, Charles. Life and Labour of the People in London. Vol. VIII. London, 1896.

Bouniceau-Gesmon. Domestiques et maîtres. Paris, 1886.

Bradford, William. History of Plymouth Plantation. Boston, 1856.

Braun, Otto. Welche Rechte und Pflichten haben Herrschaft und Gesinde? Berlin, 1900.

Breck, Samuel. Recollections. Edited by Horace E. Scudder. Philadelphia, 1877.

Brown, Alexander. Genesis of the United States. 2 vols. Boston, 1890.

Browne, William Hand. Archives of Maryland; Proceedings and Acts of the General Assembly of Maryland, 1684-1692. Baltimore, 1894.

Bruce, Philip Alexander. Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century. 2 vols. New York, 1896.

Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, see Sainsbury.

Camden Society. Publications. London, 1849-.

Carey, M., and Bioren, J. Laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1700-1802. Philadelphia, 1803.

Chevalier, Michel. Society, Manners, and Politics in the United States. Boston, 1839.

Child, Sir Josiah. A New Discourse of Trade. London, 1694.

Cobbett, William. A Year’s Residence in the United States of America. London, 1828.

Collet, C. E. Report on the Money Wages of Indoor Servants. London, 1899.

Colletet, François. Le Tracas de Paris, in Paris ridicule et burlesque au dix-septième siècle, edited by P. L. Jacob. Paris, 1859.

Combe, George. Notes on the United States of North America. Philadelphia, 1841.

Connecticut Bureau of Labor Statistics. First Annual Report. Hartford, Conn., 1885.

Connecticut Historical Collections, see Barber, J. W.

Cook, E. The Sot-Weed Factor, in Shea’s Early Southern Tracts. Baltimore, 1865.

Daly, Charles P. Reports of Cases in the Court of Common Pleas for the City and County of New York. New York, 1874.

Davenant, Charles. Political and Commercial Works. 5 vols. London, 1771.

DeFoe, Daniel. The Great Law of Subordination Considered; or, the Insolence and Unsufferable Behaviour of Servants in England, Duly Inquired Into. London, 1724.

Dorsey, Clement. General Public Statutory Law of Maryland, 1692-1839. 3 vols. Baltimore, 1840.

Doyle, J. A. English Colonies in America. 3 vols. New York, 1882-1887.

Duke of Yorke’s Book of Laws, 1676-1682. Harrisburg, Pa., 1879.

Eddis, William. Letters from America, Historical and Descriptive; Comprising Occurrences from 1769 to 1777, Inclusive. London, 1792.

Force, Peter. Tracts and Other Papers, Relating Principally to the Origin, Settlement, and Progress of the Colonies in North America. Washington, 1838-1846. 4 vols.

Franklin, Alfred. La vie privée d’autrefois. Paris, 1888-.

Gilman, Nicholas Payne. Profit Sharing between Employer and Employee. Boston, 1893.

Grattan, Thomas Colley. Civilized America. 2 vols. London, 1859.

Grund, Francis J. The Americans in their Moral, Social, and Political Relations. 2 vols. Boston, 1837.

Hamilton, Thomas. Men and Manners in America. Philadelphia, 1833.

Hammond, John. Leah and Rachel, or the Two Fruitful Sisters, Virginia and Mary-land. 1656, in Force, Tracts, Vol. III.

Hening, William Waller. Statutes at Large; Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia. 13 vols. Richmond, Va., 1809-1823.

Hildreth, Richard. History of the United States. 6 vols. New York, 1882.

Howell, T. B. State Trials. 34 vols. London, 1813.

Indian Narratives. Claremont, N. H., 1854.

Iredell, James. Laws of the State of North Carolina. Edenton, 1791.

Jowett, Benjamin. Sermons. London, 1899.

Joynes, Edward S. Report on the Industrial Education of Women in Germany. Columbia, S. C., 1896.

Kalm, Peter. Travels into North America. 3 vols. Warrington, 1770-1771.

Kemble, Frances Anne. Journal of a Residence in Georgia in 1838-1839. New York, 1864.

Kent, James. Commentaries on American Law. 3 vols. New York, 1836.

Knight, Sarah. The Private Journal of a Journey from Boston to New York in 1704. Albany, 1865.

Krankenversicherungsgesetz. Leipsic, 1892.

Leaming, Aaron, and Spicer, Jacob. The Grants, Concessions, and Original Constitutions of the Province of New Jersey. Philadelphia, 1752.

Lechford, Thomas. Note-book, 1638-1641. Cambridge, Mass., 1885.

Mackay, Charles. Life and Liberty in America. 2 vols. London, 1859.

Maine Historical Society. Collections. Second Series. 4 vols. Portland and Cambridge, 1869-1889.

Martineau, Harriet. Autobiography. 2 vols. Boston, 1877.

⸺ Society in America. 2 vols. New York, 1837.

Massachusetts Body of Liberties, see Whitmore.

Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor. Seventeenth Annual Report. Boston, 1886.

Massachusetts. Census for 1885. 4 vols. Boston, 1887-1888.

Massachusetts Historical Society. Collections. Vols. 1-58. Boston, Mass., 1806-1896.

⸺ Proceedings. Vols. 1-31. Boston, Mass., 1859-1896.

Mayhew, Augustus S. The Greatest Plague of Life, or the Adventures of a Lady in Search of a Good Servant. London, 1847.

Mercier, Louis Sébastien. Tableau de Paris. 12 vols. Amsterdam, 1782-1788.

Moore, George H. Notes on the History of Slavery in Massachusetts. New York, 1866.

Morton, Thomas. New English Canaan, in Prince Society Publications.

Mrs. Johnson’s Captivity, in Indian Narratives.

Munby, Arthur J. Faithful Servants; being Epitaphs and Obituaries Recording their Names and Services. London, 1876.

Neill, Edward D. The Founders of Maryland. Albany, 1876.

⸺ Terra Mariæ. Philadelphia, 1867.

⸺ Virginia Carolorum. Albany, 1886.

New Hampshire Historical Society. Collections. Vols. 1-10. Concord, N. H., 1824-1894.

New York Historical Society. Collections. 9 vols. New York, 1811-1859.

Nova Britannia, in Force, Tracts, Vol. I.

O’Callaghan, E. B. Documentary History of the State of New York. 4 vols. Albany, 1865-1866.

Pandolfini, Agnolo. Il Governo della Famiglia. Edited by P. Donini. Turin, 1878.

Parsons, Theophilus. The Law of Contracts. Boston, 1873.

Posseldt, H. Das Preussische Gesinde-Recht. Berlin, 1889.

Purdon, J. W. Digest of the Laws of Pennsylvania from 1700 to 1830. Philadelphia, 1831.

A Relation of Maryland. Edited by Francis L. Hawks. New York, 1865.

Report of a French Protestant Refugee in Boston, 1687. Brooklyn, 1868.

Revidirte Gesindeordnung für das Königreich Sachsen. Leipsic, 1892.

Sainsbury, W. N. Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series (1574-1676). 9 vols. London, 1860-1893.

Salomon, Georges. La Domesticité, in La Nouvelle Revue, February 1, 1886.

Scharf, J. Thomas. Chronicles of Baltimore. Baltimore, 1874.

Schloss, D. F. Report on Profit Sharing. London, 1894.

⸺ Methods of Industrial Remuneration. London, 1894.

Schork, Adolf. Das Gesetz, betreffend die Rechtsverhältnisse der Dienstboten. Freiburg in Baden, 1899.

Schouler, James. Law of the Domestic Relations. Boston, 1874.

Smith, William. The History of the Province of New York from its Discovery to 1762. 2 vols. New York, 1829-1830.

Smyth, J. F. D. Tour in the United States. 2 vols. London, 1784.

Sot-Weed Factor, see Cook, E.

Starkie, Thomas. A Treatise on the Law of Slander and Libel. Edited by H. C. Folkard. Albany, 1877.

Statistique générale de la France, 1891.

Stiles, Henry R. History of the City of Brooklyn. 3 vols. Brooklyn, N. Y., 1867.

Stiles, William H. Austria in 1848-49. 2 vols. New York, 1852.

Stimson, F. J. American Statute Law. 2 vols. Boston, 1888-1892.

Swift, Jonathan. Directions to Servants, in Works. London, 1853.

Teele, A. K. History of Milton, Massachusetts, 1640-1887. Boston, 1888.

Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America. 2 vols. New York, 1841.

Tripier, L. Constitutions qui ont régi la France depuis 1789. Paris, 1879.

Trollope, Mrs. Frances E. M. Domestic Manners of the Americans. 2 vols. London, 1832.

Trumbull, J. Hammond. The True Blue Laws of Connecticut. Hartford, Conn., 1876.

⸺ Public Records of the Colony of Connecticut from 1665 to 1678. Hartford, Conn., 1852.

Trott, Nicholas. Laws of the Province of South Carolina before 1734. 2 vols. Charleston, 1736.

Unfallversicherungsgesetz. Leipsic, 1887.

United States. Tenth Census. Washington, 1883-1888.

⸺ Eleventh Census. Washington, 1892-1897.

⸺ Treasury Department. Arrivals of Alien Passengers and Immigrants in the United States from 1820 to 1890. Washington, 1893.

Walker, Francis A. The Wages Question. New York, 1886.

Watson, Elkanah. Men and Times of the Revolution. New York, 1857.

Watson, John F. Annals of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, 1830.

Weber, A. Les Usages locaux. Orleans, 1882.

Whitmore, William H. The Colonial Laws of Massachusetts. Reprinted from the edition of 1672 with the Supplements through 1686. Boston, 1890.

Winsor, Justin. Narrative and Critical History of America. 8 vols. Boston, 1889.

Winthrop, John. The History of New England. 2 vols. Boston, 1853.

Zesser, W. Das Reichsgesetz über die Invaliditäts- und Altersversicherung. Munich, 1891.